TRAO BOl y KlfeN fg/tt
SUAT DAU TU XAY DUNG DUffliNG CAO TOC CAN MOT CAU TRA LOfI THOA DANG
K.SVOHOANGANH Tdng Cdng ty TVTK GTVT (TEDI)
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hdi gian vda qua, trdn ede phuang tipn thflng tin efl nhCrng bdi vilt. nhirng•^ kiln v l suit d i u tu xdy dyng dudng cao tdc tgi Viflt Nam, phin Idn cdc y kiln diu cho ring suit diu tu xdy dyng eho 1km dudng cao tde cua Vidt Nam qud cao. thdm ehi gip vdi lln so vdi cac nudc phdt triln tren t h l gidi vd dfl Id dilu vfl ly. Ddng tile Id cho tdi nay, v i n de nay dd ehua CO dupc cdu tra ldi thfla ddng ddi vdi ngudi dat van 6k cung nhu du ludn rpng rai, Vdy ehl tieu chi tieu diu tu xdy dyng cho 1 km dudng cao tde d Vidt Nam Id bao nhieu vd dung d mirc nao so vdi khu vyc va the gidi?
Qua cdc kit qua tdng hpp tiJ' thye t l eflng tdc lap va quan ly chi phi cae dy dn diu tu xdy dung dudng bp cao tdc tgi Vipt nam, cfl t h l nhgn thiy ehi tieu xdy dung hay ehi tieu dau tu cho mfli du dn dudng cao tdc d i u cfl su khdc biet Idn. Chi tidu xdy dyng cho mflt dy dn dudng cao tde Id td hpp cua nhieu y l u td nhu: Quy mfl mdt d t , chilu cao ddo/ ddp trung binh, ti Id eflng trinh clu/ ham tren tuyin, ti Id va bipn phdp su ly nln y l u , tl Id ve sd luang nOt giao eat, mdc dfl trang thilt bj van hdnh khai thae vv...
Do vdy, viee ddnh gid ve ehi tidu xdy dyng hay ehi tieu dau
tu d n phai dupe nhin nhdn mflt cdch tdng quan vd khoa hpc, Trdn thye t l , ehi tidu diu tu xdy dyng dudng eao tdc eua cdc nude trdn t h l gidi cQng cfl su khdc bipt rit Idn trong tung du dn, tirng thdi dilm diu tu, Ngay tgi Trung Qudc, nudc dupc coi Id efl suit diu tu xdy dung dudng bfl cao tde vdo logi thip trdn t h l gidi chi tidu diu tu gilja cdc du dn dudng eao tdc cung cfl khdc bidt Idn.
Tgi Vipt Nam, do eac y l u td dae thil cua mpt nude nflng nghiep vdi eac dac dilm dan eu, canh tac nen sd lupng cac cong trinh tren ede tuyin cao tdc efl t h l Idn hon so vdi mflt sd nudc AU My (cdng chui ddn sinh, cdc hp thdng giao cdt, dau ndi, dudng gom vv...). Mdt khdc, do dilu kien tu nhien ndn tl Id phai su 1^ nln d i t y l u cQng nhu sd luyng eac eflng trinh vupt sflng, sudi, ddi nui tren cdc tuyin cao tde eung chilm ti trgng cao so vdi eac nude.
T i t cd cdc y l u td ddc thiJ ndy cfl anh hudng Idn din ehi phi d i u tu cho edc du dn dudng bfl eao tde tgi Vipt Nam. Tuy nhidn, thdi gian vda qua tdc dfl tang gid cOa cdc dy dn dau tu xay dyng dudng bfl nfli ehung va dudng cao tdc nfli rieng tgi Vidt Nam khd nhanh. Muc tdng ehi phi cfl t h l duac \'^ giai do nhilu nguydn
nhdn: gid xdng diu, vdt lidu, nhdn eflng, mdy mfle tdng; t h l c h i thay ddi; gid vdt tu thilt bj nhdp khiu tdng v.v.., nhung tdc dfl tdng nhanh chflng d l tir mdt nudc efl suit diu tu' cflng trinh GTVT thude logi thip trd thdnh mdt qudc gia efl suit diu tu xdy dung eflng trinh GTVT kha eao nhu hidn nay trong khi dfl nhieu nhd thiu xdy dung Idn lai ggp khfl khan Id dieu rat d n cfl su phan tieh nguyen nhdn d l tim giai phap khic phue.
Cdc nguyen nhan do cd \\ii bao gom:
- Hp thdng djnh mUc con tdn tai nhieu bit cdp: He thdng dinh mue hipn tgi mdc dii efl nhilu song thye chit lai rit thilu vd phuc tap, cfln nhieu bit cap (efl nhung dmh mUe Idn gip nhilu lln thue te) din tdi khflng ehuIn xdc trong xdc dinh ehi phi xdy dung.
Vide quy djnh dting mdc luang tdi thilu "viing" d l tinh chi phi nhdn cflng trong ITnh vuc xdy dyng Id d n phai xem xet Igi trong khi cdc ITnh vue khae hien su dyng mue luong tdi thilu
"ehung" d l tinh luang co ban.
Tren co sd thuc t l , d n lam ro quy djnh nay de sdm cfl cdc dilu chinh phil hpp nhdm giam hop ly chi phi diu tu xdy dung.
- Ve quan ly chi phi vdt lipu:
# # # # # TRAO D O I y KIEN
Vdi ddc diem nudc ta phin Idn Id dja h1nh ddi niii, vide khai thde ngudn vdt Hdu chu ylu eho eflng tac xdy dyng dudng bfl nfli ehung va dudng eao tdc nfli ridng rit thudn lyi vdi ehi phi thip. Vide d l eho chi phi vdt lidu phyc vy cho xay dung dudng bd tdng cao ro rdng Id d n nhin nhdn Igi vide quan IJ khai thde ciing vdi cdc chinh sdch efl lidn quan d t i m vT mfl 6k cfl edc gidi phdp nhim gidm chi phi diu tu cho hd thdng dudng giao thflng nfli ehung vd dudng cao tde nfli ridng.
- Phuang thuc Idp vd qudn ly chi phi chua phu hyp: Vide duy tri phuong phdp xdc djnh chi phi xdy dung cflng trinh giao thflng trdn co sd ede bfl dan gid Xay dung eo ban Igp sin cua dja phuang khflng dupe thudng xuyen cap nhdt khfl efl the xdc djnh dy todn chuin xac, Cin sdm cfl cdc quy dinh thdng nhlt ve phuang phap lap dy toan Id phdn tich dan gia hgng myc tren CO sd hd so thilt k l , chi dan ky thudt ehi tilt vd dilu kien cy t h l cua moi cflng trinh d l cfl dirg/o gid trj du toan phii hpp.
- Trong eflng tae Quan ly du dn: Chua thuc hidn dupe eong tae quan ly ehi phi, hdng logt dy dn phai dilu chinh dy todn.
dieu chinh Tdng muc diu tu md chua Idm r5 chinh xdc duyc ede nguyen nhdn tdng gidm trong vide dilu chinh. Chua td chdc ddnh gid duyc hidu qud diu tu cae du dn phai dilu chfnh vd dieu quan trgng khdc Id efln khd d l ddng trong vide dilu chinh Tdng mirc d i u tu dan den tdm IJ
"thich" dilu chinh thay vi "nggi"
phai dieu chinh neu nhu cfl edc quy djnh cy t h l , thdng nhlt v l trinh ty, npi dung dilu chinh, cae
v i n d l phdi gidi trinh Idm rfl cOng nhu trdch nhidm cy t h l trong qudn chi phi diu tu,
- Y l u td eon ngudi trong ldp vd qudn ly chi phi xdy dyng chua thye sy duyc coi trpng, nhilu don vj tu v i n it kinh nghidm, thilu nghidm trpng hodc hiu nhu ehua efl cdc chuydn gia, ky su d l cfl t h l Idm tdt cflng tdc ndy. Ndng lyc eua khd nhilu dan vj tu vin thim tra dy todn efln hgn chi, khflng nhin ra dupe bdn chit ede ylu td mang tInh quylt djnh d i n gid trj du todn, nhilu khi ehi phy hpa, hyp thde hfla cQng Idm eho gid trj dy todn khflng phdn dnh duyc gid thj thye.
Gid xdy dyng dudng cao tdc duyc eho Id khflng thip, cdc du dn dudng cao tdc dang triln khai bj ehgm tiln dg, tdng gid thdnh ma mgt trong ede nguydn nhdn ehinh dupc ndu ra Id do cdc nhd thiu bo gia thip khien cho vide thi eong ggp khfl khdn, bj ehdm ehl mdc dii gid bo thiu efl t h l khflng thip han nhilu so vdi gid du toan. Vdy gid d i u tu xdy dyng dudng cao tde d Viflt Nam "cao"
d ddu vd "thip" d ddu ? D l trd Idi mflt cdch rfl rdng, thuylt phyc v l mue dd eiia chi tidu d i u tu xdy dung dudng eao tdc d Vidt Nam thl ede co quan quan ly, ede eo quan tham muu, tu vin ndn ehdng thay vide dl tim cdch chdng minh cdc nguydn nhdn d i n d i n chi phi d i u tu xdy dyng dudng cao tdc d Vidt nam Id cao blng vide di tim hilu, phdn tich cdc nguydn nhdn Idm dnh hudng Idn chi phi d i u tu dudng cao tdc d nudc ta d l cfl edu tra Idi ehinh xdc thda mdn cflng Iudn, ddng thdi cQng tim ra duyc cae y l u td efln ehua
phil hpp d l cfl cac gidi ph^p tirng budc khic phyc.
Trude mit, bdng cdc kenh thflng tin ede eo quan chue ndng efl t h l cho td chire thu thdp, tham khdo hd so mdt sd dy an hay nhiing thflng sd co ban ciJa mdt vdi dy dn ey t h l v l dud'ng cao tdc d nude ngodi da thye hidn (Hd sa thilt k l , khdi luyng, cdc quy trinh quy phgm dp dgng, thdi dilm thue hidn w,..) tir db giao nhidm vy cho edc eo quan efl ehuydn mfln tiln hdnh idp d^
todn ehi phi trdn ca sd cdc quy djnh hidn hdnh eua Vipt Nam d l cfl sd lidu tra ldi thoa dang.
Nfl efl t h l thip han, cung efl thl cao hon so vdi ehi phi cua nuiyc ngodi nhung tU cdc sd Iipu cy t h l v l muc chi phi cho cdc hgng myc trong du dn dudng cao tdc, cdc CO quan quan ly nhd nu'dc trong ITnh vyc nay cung cd ca so d l xem xet dilu chinh nhung bat d p tdn tgi (nlu efl) trong lap va quan ly chi phi eung nhu quan ly dy dn d i u tu xdy dyng nfli chung vd dudng cao tde nfli ridng.
Ddi vdl edc nha thiu, dac bidt Id cdc nhd thiu nude ngoai dang thye hidn cflng tdc xay dung dudng cao tdc tgi Vi^t Nam eung d n phai lam rfl ve gii bo thiu khi tham gia dau thiu ode du dn dudng eao tdc tgi Vi|t Nam vd gid md hp giao Igi cho cdc nhd thiu phy trong nu'dc trye tilp thye hidn xdy dyng Sh ldm rfl nguydn nhdn tgi sao gia xdy dyng dudng eao tde d Vi|t Nam dang duyc eho Id "cao"
md v i n "thip", mflt trong nhftng nguyen nhdn khien eho nhieu du dn xdy dung dudng cao toe bj ehdm t i l n dfl, tang gia thanli d l cd ede giai phdp dilu chinli qudn ly eho phCi hopa
@BU@ sd 7 nam 20121
