HOAN T U P PHAP IUAT vt xii PHAT VI PHAM HANH CHINH TRUNG llNHVOG PHONG, GUDNG TAG HAI GUATHUOGIA
CAO v u MINH*
TRlTONG TlT PHirdC*'
/ o / ? 3 ^
Y thu'c dUdc tac hai cua thuoc la trong vif c bao ve suTc khde nhan dan, Quoc hoi khoa X I I I da thong qua Luat Phong, chong tac hai (PCTH) cua thuoc la nam 2012 tai ky hpp thuT 3. Luat PCTH ciia thuoc la n i m 2012 dUdc ban hanh da tao ra hanh lang phap ly can thiet cho viec kiem soat thuoc la. Tuy nhien, nhu'ng quy djnh hien hanh ve xu* phat vi pham hanh chinh (VPHC) lien quan den thuoc la van con nhieu bat cap. Nhfeu quy djnh phap luat chu^ cu the, ro rang, tiT do gay kho khan trong viec ap dung vao thu'c tien.
1. Mpt sl hgn chi cua phdp ludt vl xv phgt vi phgm hdnh chinh lidn quan din thuoc la
Thunhatt vifcxwphgt hdnh chinh cac vi phgm lien quan den thuoc Id chua nghiSm minh
Trong QuIc 10nh thdng 1/1946, Hi Chi Minh cd neu: "Thudng phat nghiem minh Id cin thilt. Neu khdng thudng thi khdng khuyin khich, nlu khdng phgt thi khdng giii viing ky lugt"'. Hipn nay, cac chd tdi hdnh chinh lidn quan den vi phgm thuoc Id da tuang dli diy dii nhung vide thyc thi eua edc ea quan ehiic nang lgi rit hgn chi. Theo thdng kd, tii nam 2010 din giiia nam 2011, dja phuang xii phgt ngudi hut thudc Id khdng
diing noi quy djnh nhilu nhit Id Ldo Cai (phgt dugc 10 ngudi, mdc phgt tdng cpng 1,5 tripu ddng), Tp. Hd Chi Minh phgt dugc 02 trudng hpp, mpt sd dja phuang thi khdng phgt dupc bdt ky trudng hpp nao^. Trong khi dd, vi pham lidn quan din hiit thudc Id nai cdng cdng Id rit phd biln. Dong thdi, khdng ehi d nai edng cpng md tgi cdc ca sd y tl, trudng hpe - nhiing noi cim hiit thudc Id hodn todn - van cd ngudi "vd tu" hut thude song khdng bj xir phgt. Theo mpt thing kd, 38,7% sl ngudi dupc hdi da tii ldi la cd nhin thdy vipc h6t thudc la tgi co quan nhd nude;
23,6% tiiiy cd hiit tiiudc tai ca sd y tl; 22,3%
thay cd hiit thudc tai trudng mim non, trudng phi tiidng; 34,4% nhin thiy cd hut
ThS, GV. Khoa Hinh chfnh - Nhi nUSc, O9I hgc Lii#t 7P. Ho Chi Minh.
' GV. Khoa Hinh chinh • Nhi nW6c^ o^l hpc Lu$t TP. Ho Chf Minh.
H6 Chi Minh, Toin t$p, Tip 7, Nxb Si/Th$^ H, 1984, ti.ll6.
Thdng bio dia V&I phdng Qnidng tiinh phbngchSng tic hmthu5eli(B^Yte)
f<
— . NOHlfeHCUUI LA Sd22(302)T11/2015\_|j|p p | | A p l 4 9
THU'C TIEN PHAP LUAT
thudc Id trdn phuang tidn giao thdng cdng cpng^. Hang loat nguydn nhan dupc ndu ra nhu "thilu ngudi xu phgt", "ngudi vi pham khdng ed tiln npp phat", "vi pham giao thdng ndu khdng cd tiln cdn cd thd tam giij xe, chii hiit thudc Id noi cdng cpng neu khdng cd tidn thi tam giu bao thudc la hay bgt lira" dl "bao chua" cho viec budng Idng xir ly vi phgm. Theo chiing tdi, nhiing gidi thich frdn khdng phdi Id ly do chinh dd "bd mac" hoan todn vide xir phgt cac vi phgm lien quan ddn hiit thudc la. Tinh ttgng cdc doanh nghipp sir dung lyc lugng nii xinh dep dd tilp thi thude la tryc tidp tdi ngudi tidu diuig tgi cae qudn an, nha hdng van phd bidn.
Tinh ttgng thudc Id khdng ghi nhan, khdng in canh bdo siic khde ttdn bao bi thudc la vdn didn ra hdng ngdy, hdng gid vdi cudng do cao. Ddy Id nhung hdnh vi vi pham (HWP) rd rang, de phdt hipn nhung tgi sao lgi khdng bj xir phat? Cl mpt gdc dp tidu cyc, vipc khdng xii ly nghidm minh cdc vi phgm lien quan den thudc Id cung chinh la khuydn khich cho HWP.
ThA hai, vi$c dp dung cdc nguyen tac xir phgt VPHC lien quan din thudc Id vdo thuc tien ggp nhieu kho khan.
- Vice dp dung nguyen tdc "mpi VPHC lien quan den thuoc la phdi duac phdt hien kfp th&i vd phdi bf dinh chi ngay " gap nhieu tr& nggi.
Theo quy dinh cua phdp lugt thi khi phdt hipn vi phgm lien quan din thudc Id, ngudi cd tham quydn phdi dinh chi ngay. Dinh chi vi phgm Id cdng vipc ddu tidn cin lam nhdm ddm bao ngan chdn kjp thdi vi pham tidp dien. Cd the nhdn thdy, hidn nay, luc lugng chu ydu phat hipn cac vi phgm chi Id cdc chien sT cdng an vd kidm sodt vien thj tnidng, nhung lyc lupng nay lgi khdng cd quydn xir phat fren 500.000 ddng. Trong khi dd, miic
tiln phgt dli vdi nhilu H W P lidn quan din thuoc Id thudng Idn ddn tii vdi tridu den vai chyc tridu ding. Don cir, ddi vdi cdc hdnh vi nhu ban thudc Id cho ngudi chua du 18 tudi;
bdn thudc la khdng ghi nhan, khdng in canh bdo sire khde tidn bao bi thudc Id... deu c6 mire tiln ^hgt tir 1.000.000 ddng dgn 2.000.000 ddng. Nlu phdt hidn hanh vi ndy thi chiln si cdng an hogc kidm soat vidn thj trudng ehi cd the lap bidn bdn rdi chuydn ldn cip ttdn dd ra quydt dinh xir phgt. Mdt khi chua ra dupc quylt djnh xu phgt thi khdng the ap dvmg cdc hinh thuc phgt bd sung va bipn phdp khac phuc hdu qud nhu: tjch thu tang vgt vi phgm, budc thu hdi sdn pham.
Didu do cd nghia Id nhimg hdnh vi nay vdn cd khd nang dugc tidp didn. Trong mdt chimg mye ndo dd thi bidn bdn cua chien si cdng an hogc kidm sodt vidn thj trudng Idp lgi c6 thd frd thdnh "biia hp mpnh" cho ngudi vi phgm vi cir trinh bidn ban nay ra la cd the khdng bj xir phgt niia.
- Vi$c dp dying nguyen tdc "ngu&i c6 thdm quyen xir phgt eo trdch nhiem chimg minh VPHC " vdo thuc tien rdt kho khdn.
Diem d khodn 1 Dieu 3 Ludt Xit ly VPHC nam 2012 quy djnh: "Ngudi cd thim quydn xu phgt cd tidch nhipm chung minh VPHC. Cd nhdn, td chuc bj xu phat cd quyen ty minh hogc thdng qua ngudi dgi didn hpp phdp chiing minh minh khdng VPHC". Ddi vdi VPHC lidn quan den thudc la thi nguyen tdc ndy dupc hieu rang, cdc ca quan nha nude cd nghia vy chiing minh ldi ciia ngudi vi phgm. Ndu eac co quan nhd nude khdng chiing minh dugc ca nhan, td chuc cd ldi thi khdng dugc xir phgt hg. Khdng thi phu nh|n day Id mpt nguydn tdc rit nhdn vdn vd Id d ^ bdo phdp ly quan trpng ttong vipc bao v?
quyin con ngudi, quydn cdng ddn". Tuy
3 Bio TuS be online, 'Anh Mgt nim n^i, dii phat dtfdc... 10 ngUdl hdt thude Ii" ngiy 23/05/2011.
4 CaoVu Mmh. NhOhg dian mffi cua Luit Xd ly VPHC nim 2012 tiong vigc bio dim quyin con ngudi, auwn cona din Tao dli Tda in i^n din so 13, tiling 7/2014. ^ '-^ > a « , w
501
L A P P | | A P _ / S 6 22 (302)711/2015nhidn, ddi vdi nhilu H W P lidn quan din thudc Id thi nguydn tde ndy lai tao ra nhiing trd ngai dang kd. Dl xii phgt hdnh vi hut thudc la tgi dia didm cd quy djnh cam, didu cdn thidt Id phdi bdt qud tang vd cd bang chiing. The nhung, ngudi ta ehi hiit 1 - 2 phut Id xong mpt didu thudc, thdm chi chi chdm lira hilt 1 - 2 hai rdi bd hoac khi phdt hidn lyc lupng chiic nang, hp viit ludn dilu thude xudng dit. Trong nhung trudng hgp nhu the, lyc lupng ehiic nang rat khd khan frong vipc chiing minh vi phgm. Thudng khi didu nay xdy ra thi lyc lupng chirc ndng se cd hai cdch giai quylt: mOt Id, se van tidp tyc xd phgt de roi phdi lo lang vi cd the bj khilu nai, khdi kipn vd hai Id, "ngd lo" dd khdng bj khidu nai hogc ttd thanh ngudi bj kipn ttong vy an hdnh chinh. Khi lyc lupng chdc nang tien hanh xir phat md vi^c chiing minh vi phgm frd nen phirc tgp, khd khan thi didu rdt dd nhdn thiy Id da sl se lya chgn each hanh xii thir hai. Dilu do cd nghia, vi phgm lien quan den thulc Id van ngang nhidn tidp didn.
- Vi?c dp di^ng nguyen tdc xde dinh thdm quyin "tru&ng hpp HWP lien quan den thuoc la thupc thdm quyen xir phgt cua nhieu ngu&i, thi vi$c xir phgt do ngu&i thyi ly ddu tien thuc hi^n " ciing co nhieu bdt cap.
Thye tl cho thiy, nlu dd Id vy vide dd ddng xdc djnh H W P (nhu sdn xuit, mua ban, nhgp khiu, tdng trii, vgn chuyen thudc Id) thi cdc ca quan ciing "chgy dua" nhau phdt hipn dd frd thdnh ngudi thy ly diu tien va tiln hanh xir phat. Ngugc lgi, frong nhung vy vipc phiic tap, khd khan, nhgy cdm (xit phgt ngudi chua dii 18 tudi su dyng thudc la, xii phgt ngudi bdn thuoc Id cho ngudi chua du 18 tudi) thi lai ne trdnh, dun day nhau, thgm ehi dd vy vipc roi vdo tinh trgng "cha chung khdng ai khde". Vdi ly do cho rdng cd nhilu ea quan cd tham quyin xir phgt, neu ca quan ndy khdng phgt thi van cd ea quan khde xir phgt ndn tinh trgng "diin diy" cdng
vide xdy ra khd tiiudng xuyen. Ket qud cua sy ne trdnh, dun diy ndy la tinh hinh vi pham lidn quan den tiiudc la rat dang bdo dpng.
Thir ba, cdc quy dinh cua phdp lugt ve xur phat VPHC lien quan ^n thudc Id chira d^ du, tan mgn vd con nhieu bat cgp.
Didu 9 Ludt PCTH cua thudc la nam 2012 nghidm cim cac hdnh vi:
1. Sdn xuit, mua bdn, nhgp khau, tang trij, van chuyin thudc la gid, sdn phdm dupc thilt kl cd hinh thiic hoac kieu dang nhu bao, gdi hogc didu thudc Id; mua bdn, tdng tru, van chuydn nguydn lieu thudc la, thudc Id nhap lau.
2. Qudng cdo, khuyen mgi thudc Id; tidp thj thuoc la tryc tilp tdi ngudi tidu dung dudi mgi hinh thuc.
3. Tai trp cua td chdc, cd nhan kinh doanh thudc Id, trir trudng hpp quy djnh tai Didu 16 ciia Ludt ndy.
4. Ngudi chua du 18 tudi sir dung, mua, bdn thudc Id.
5. Sir dung ngudi chua dii 18 tudi mua, bdn thudc la.
6. Ban, cung cip thudc Id cho ngudi ehuadii 18 tudi.
7. Ban thudc Id bdng mdy bdn thudc Id ty ddng; hut, ban thudc la tgi dja diem cd quy djnh cam.
8. Su dung hinh dnh thudc Id tten bdo chi, xudt bdn phim dmih ridng cho tte em.
9. Van ddng, dp bupc ngudi khde sir dung thudc la.
Tuy liet kd cdc hanh vi bj nghidm cim nhung Ludt PCTH tiiudc la nam 2012 khdng quy djnh chd tdi cu the ddi vdi tiing hdnh vi.
Didu ndy chi cd the duge 1dm rd thdng qua cdc nghj djnh cua Chinh phu. Tuy nhidn, didu bat cap Id che tdi cua cac hdnh vi ndy lai ndm tdn man frong rat nhidu cdc nghj dinh khde nhau. Cy till, khodn 2 Dilu 9 Lugt PCTH cua thudc Id nam 2012 quy djnh hanh vi bj cdm
. HOHlfeN CUUI E l
So 22 (302) T11/2015\_LAP PHApl V i
THtfC TIEN PHAP LUAT
Id: "qudng cdo, khuydn mgi thudc la; tidp thj thudc Id tryc tilp tdi ngudi tidu dung dudi mpi hinh thiic" nhung chd tai lgi nam ttong 03 nghj djnh khac nhau. Theo do, hdnh vi qudng eao thudc Id bi xir phat tiieo chd tdi cua Nghj djnh sd 158/2013/ND-CP ban hanh ngdy 12/11/2013 quy djnh xu phgt VPHC frong lunh vyc vdn hda, thd thao, du lich va qudng cdo; hdnh vi khuydn mgi thudc Id bj xir phgt theo chi tdi ciia Nghi djnh sd 185/2013/ND-CP ban hdnh ngay 15/11/2013 quy djnh xu phat VPHC frong hoat ddng thuong mgi, sdn xudt, budn bdn hdng gid, hdng cim vd bdo ve quydn Igi ngudi tidu dung; cdn hdnh vi tilp thj thudc Id true tidp tdi ngudi tidu dung dudi mgi hinh thirc bi xu phgt theo chd tdi cua Nghi djnh sd 176/2013/ND-CPban hanh ngdy 31/12/2013 quy djnh xu phgt VPHC frong Imh vyc y te.
Ve ky thugt lap phdp thi vide thidt ke cac che tdi nhu tidn la khdng hgp ly. Ddu biet rang, mdi HWP cd the thudc mdt Imh vyc khac nhau vd dupe didu ehinh frong mdt nghi djnh chuydn ngdnh nhung sy tan mgn cua cdc chd tdi nay da gdy ra khd khan frong qua trinh xem xet, xu ly ciing nhu cdng tdc tuydn truyen, phd biln phdp ludt. Ngay ddi vdi nhimg nha nghidn cuu vd cac chuyen gia luat thi vi?c tim hidu tat ca H W P cung nhu chd tdi xir phat da Id didu khdng don gidn. Didu nay cdng tid ndn phiic tgp ban ddi vdi nhung ngudi khdng chuydn vl ludt.
Mpt nghich Iy Id ehe tai xir phat cdc HWP ve thudc Id tuy nhidu nhung lai khdng diy dli. Khodn 6 Dilu 9 Ludt PCTH cua thudc la nam 2012 quy dinh hdnh vi bj cim
Id: "Ban, cung cip thudc Id cho ngudi chua du 18 tudi". Hdnh vi "ban thudc la cho ngudi chua du 18 tiidi" bj phat tiln tir 1.000.000 ddng din 2.000.000 dong theo quy djnh tgi khodn 2 Dilu 32 Nghj djnh sd 185/2013/1^- CP. Tuy nhidn, hdnh vi "cung cip thudc Id cho ngudi chua du 18 tudi" thi lgi khdng tim thiy chi tdi tuang ung frong cac nghj djnh cua Chinh phii. Theo chiing tdi, hdnh vi
"cung cip thudc Id cho ngudi chua dii 18 tudi" khdng thi ddng nhdt vdi hdnh vi "bdn thudc la cho ngudi chua du 18 tudi" vi don gidn "bdn thudc la cho ngudi chua du 18 tudi" phdi tdn tgi ydu to ttao ddi ngang gid.
Trong khi do, "cung cdp thudc la cho ngudi chua dii 18 tudi" thi khdng cdn ylu td ndy vi cd thd Id tang cho... Nhu vdy, ddu biet "cung cip thudc la cho ngudi chua dii 18 tuli" la H W P phap lugt nhung chi tdi xd ly thi nao thi lgi khdng ro rang. Thdng thudng, cdc quy djnh thidu chd tai se chi la cac khau hipu.
Neu ndi, dgo luat frong nha nude phdp quydn cijng phai cd thupc tinh ridng, thi chac ehan, thudc tinh ciia dgo lugt ay khdng thd la tinh nua vdi ttong vipc didu chinh phdp luat^
Thay vao do, ttong nhd nude phdp quydn, cdc dao lugt dupe xay dvrag phdi cd tinh mmh bach cao, tgo ra eac thdng diep rd rang vdi he thdng thudng phgt tuang xung de didu chinh hdnh vi cua mpi cd nhdn, td chiic*.
Thir tu, chi tdi xir phgt VPHC lien quan den thuoc Id khong da dgng, d&n den viec dp dgng vdo thuc ti con ton tgi nhieu hgn che.
Theo quy dinh cua phap ludt, mdi HWP lien quan din tiiudc Id thi chu till phai chiu
5 NguySi Vin QJOng, Dao lu$t thieu die tai - bin i« mgt thong le xiy dutig luit d nude ta hien nay. Tap dii NahiSn edli Lip [^1^ so 115, titing 2/2008.
6 Qiosd luit nab&ig ngudi Hoa KyLon Fuller da dli rotixxig tae ph^ Bao aja phip luit (Morality of Law) nhilrig yeu ti khien dn mgt hi thSng f^p luit trd nen v6 nghia, trong do eo mgt y&itSlasi/ thi&j minh 6?cft tiring vl^c quy dinh dc biin phip che tai Xem them Lon Fuller, The Morality of Law (revved edition); New Haven and London: Yile Uniuf^itv
Press, 1969 at 39. '
H
I HOKIlH Clhl ,' L A P P H A P - / 5 ^ 22 (302) T11/2015
THUC TIEN PHAP LU^T mdt frong cdc hinh thurc xu phgt ehinh Id
cdnh cdo hoac phgt tiln. Ngodi ra, cd nhan, td chuc cdn ed thd bj dp dyng cdc hinh thiic xir phgt bd sung vd bipn phdp khac phuc hdu qud: tich thu tang vat ddi vdi H W P ; tudc quydn su dyng giay phep kinh doanh; huge tidu buy hdng hda vi pham; bupc thu hdi hang hda vi phgm... Tuy nhien, hd thdng cac lunh thue xu phgt VPHC vd bidn phap khac phye hgu qud trong linh vye PCTH cua thudc Id d nude ta hipn nay cdn qud don gian. Hipn nay, H W P phd bidn nhat d nude ta la hiit thudc Id tgi dia didm ed quy djnh edm. Ddi vdi hdnh vi ndy thi chd tdi xu phat Id cdnh cdo hogc phgt tiln tu 100.000 ddng din 300.000 ddng.
Cdnh cdo thi qud nhe, khdng cd tac dung ldn frong diu tranh PCTH ciia tiiudc Id. Trong khi dd, hinh thuc phgt tidn chi cd tinh ran de vdi
"ngudi nghdo" cdn "ngudi gidu" thi tinh nguydn chju nop phgt dd tidp tyc vi phgm.
Bang ehiing la bdo chi hang ngdy vdn cii than philn ring nhidu ngudi nghipn thudc Id nang (trong dd ed ea can bd, cdng chiic, vidn chiic, nhan vidn y tl) tinh nguypn chju phgt tidn chi dd xin dugc hiit thudc Id''. Thdm chi, cd trudng hpp, khi luc lupng chiie nang phdt hidn hanh vi hiit thude la tgi dia diem cd quy dinh cdm thi ngudi vi pham xin dugc phgt cdnh cao vi khdng cd tien npp phgt. Trong nhiing trudng hpp nay, ro rdng, chd tdi xir phgt da khdng phat huy duge tdc dyng nhu muc dich vdn di nd phdi cd.
2. M$t so gidi phdp C|i the
Khdng thi phu nhdn vide xu phgt VPHC lidn quan din thudc Id la rit khd khan, phiic tgp. Tuy nhidn, khdng phdi vi "bai toan" khd ndy ma cdc ca quan, cdc doan the vd cd xd
hdi lai "bd tay", dk mac cho cdc VPHC lien quan ddn thudc la hoanh hdnh. Trdn ca sd phan tich nhimg ban chd ndu tten, chung tdi de xudt mdt sd gidi phdp nham hoan thipn co chi thyc thi phdp lugt vl PCTH cua tiiudc Id.
Thu nhdt, cd nhdn, td chuc cd tham quydn cdn thyc hien nghidm minh vide phat hidn, xu phgt cdc VPHC lidn quan din thudc Id. Thdm chi, cd thi dua "xu ly nghiem minh cdc VPHC lien quan din thudc Id" Id mpt tidu chi dd phan logi thi dua cudi nam hogc xem xet miic dp hodn thdnh cdng vipc. V§c budng long xii phgt da Idm cho tinh ttang vi pham lidn quan ddn thudc la tidp tuc nd rp nhu ndm sau con mua. Suy cho cung, dd Id ldi cua CO quan qudn ly. Vi vgy, dua npi dung danh gid nhu frdn vdo tidu chi phan logi thi dua Id hodn todn hpp ly. Tit nhidn, khi thuc hidn tidu ehi nay ciing cdn phdi phan bipt vdi hidn tupng "phgt theo ehi tidu" da tiing dp dyng ttong linh vyc giao thdng*. Giua "xii ly nghidm minh" vdi "phgt theo chi tidu" cd mye dich hodn todn khde nhau. "Phgt theo chi tidu" chi nhdm muc dich thu tidn phat, ttong khi dd, myc dich cua vide "xii ly nghiem minh" Id nhdm ddm bdo lpi ich chung cua cdng ddng, bdo vp siic khde nhdn dan vd bdo vd mdi trudng.
Bdn canh dd, cdc lyc lugng chirc nang can lam tdt vd phdt huy tac dyng ciia cdng tdc ndm tinh hinh. Cy thd, lyc lupng chuc nang phdi td chiic tridn khai thuc hi$n tdt cdng tdc didu tta ca bdn, tiln hanh kiem tra, khdo sdt cdc dia didm thudng xuyen xdy ra H W P lien quan ddn thudc Id. Tii dd phdi hpp vdi cac ca quan hiru quan nham dam bdo cho vipc xd Iy nghidm minh cdc vi phgm lidn
7 Bao Nguin Lao ddng, Nggc Dung, "Ph^ ning vin Idm cam hut thudc Ii", ngiy 12/12/2013.
8 VO Vin Nhiem, Miy y kiin ^ mdt so biin phip x& ly VPHC tmng Hr^ vut giao thong dudi gdc nhin bio ve quyen ain ngudi - quyen cong din, Tham lu$n Hoi tiiio l&ioa hi?c "Su^ ^ Lu$t X& 1^ vmCdoKhoa Luit Hanh ehinh Tnidng Dai hge Lu$t TP. 1^ OifMlnh phS hifp vdi Viin Nghien cdU chinh sach phip li4t va phat tii&i thuoc Hoi Lien hi§p Khoa hoc ky thu$t Vi^ Nam to ehdt t^f ThOhg Bai hoe Luit TP.HdChi Mbih ngiy 29/04/2010.
— . HOHlftN CUUI Sd22(302)T11/2015\_LAp p H A p l
153
THU'C TIEN PHAP LUAT
quan din thudc la. Dan cir, cdc quydt djnh xii phgt cua lyc lugng chiic nang eung cin dugc sy hd ttg rit ldn tii phia chinh quyin dja phuong frong vide tdng dat, thdng bao vd cuong ehi tiii hanh quylt djnh xd phat.
Thir hai, nhung quy dinh hidn nay vl thim quydn xd phgt VPHC lidn quan ddn thudc la edn cd sy dieu chmh khoa hge va hgp ly, tranh linh tnmg qua tai ddi vdi mdt sd chu the cd thim quydn xir phgt. Trudc het, can ndng thdm quydn xd phgt eho chidn si cdng an vd kiem soat vidn thj trudng. Hidn nay, mire tien phgt cua cac ehu tiie ndy Id qua thip vd ttong nhieu tnidng hpp khdng the dinh chi ngay HWP. Quy djnh nang thdm quyin xu phgt ciia chien si cdng an dang thi hdnh cdng vu vd kidm sodt vien thj trudng se han chd dupc tinh tiang vi pham khdng dugc xir Iy kip thdi hay tinh tiang qua tai ttong vide xur phat cua ca quan cdp ttdn.
^^ gdp phan nang cao hipu qua cdng tac xir phgt hanh ehinh lien quan din tiiudc la thi wi&c Nha nude dau tu nhiing phuang tidn ky thugt ddng bd, hidn dai Id cin thilt. Nhd cd sy ho frg cua phuong tidn khoa hgc ky thudt ma nhiing chii thd lam cdng tac thanh tra, kiem fra, gidm sdt se nhanh chdng phat hipn ra cdc vi phgm de kjp thdi xir ly nghiem minh. Tgi cdc "didm ndng" vi pham lien quan den thudc Id cd the frang bj ddng bg he tiidng camera quan sdt ty ddng nhdm hd tip lyc lugng chirc ndng phdt hidn va xir phat vi pham. Ngodi camera thi Nha nude can ttang bj cho eac lyc lugng chuc nang mdt sd phuang tidn nghipp vu ky thuat nhu may chyp dnh, mdy quay phim cam tay dd cd thd xir phgt cac HWP. Thiet nghi, ndu c6 sy hd ttp cua cac phuang tidn nghiep vu ky thuat hidn dai nay thi viec chiing minh cdc vi pham cua ca nhan, td chiie se ttd nen thu^n lgi, minh bgch han.
Thu ba, nhu da trinh bay, hidn nay cdc che tdi xii phgt lien quan den thudc la ndm
54
trong qud nhidu van bdn phap lugt khac nhau.
Didu nay Id khdng hgp ly vd khdng tao didu kien thugn lgi cho qua trinh suu fra, tim kilm nhdm phd biln, tuyen truydn, xu ly cdc vi pham lidn quan din thudc la. Theo chung tdi, Chinh phu nen ban hdnh mgt nghj djnh duy nhit dl dilu ehinh tit ca H W P lien quan din thudc la. NIU thyc hidn theo each nay thi chi cin tap hgp hda cdc quy dinh tdn man d cac nghj dinh khde nhau dl ban hanh thdnh mdt nghj djnh duy nhit. Tat nhidn, dd ttanh sy triing lap thi nhung nghj djnh khde phai bdi bd hit cac quy dinh lien quan dd xir phat hdnh chinh vl thudc la vi nhiing hdnh vi nay da dugc dilu chinh ttong nghj djnh chuydn ngdnh. Ben cgnh do, can bd sung che tai ddi vdi hdnh vi "cung cap thudc la cho ngudi chua du 18 tudi". Theo chung tdi, ndu khdng quy djnh chd tdi ddi vdi cac hdnh vi ndy thi se gay ra nhidu khd khan cho qua trinh dp dyng phap lugt, ddng thdi ciing khdng dat hieu qud ttong vide phdng ngira, ngan chdn, nhiing H W P tten tiiyc tl.
Cuoi ciing, ttong che tdi hdnh chinh tdn tai bidn phdp "khac phuc hau qua". Gia trj cua bien phap nay la d chd bupc ngudi vi pham phai "khde phuc" mpi hgu qud do H W P cua minh gay ra vd dua tinh ttgng vi pham trd vl trang thai ban diu. Mac dd dugc gpi la bidn phdp khde phye hgu qua nhung tinh chat cuong chd vd mire do "khac nghiet" cua nd lai khdng thua kem cdc hinh thdc ttdeh nhipm phdp ly. Nhu da trinh bay, ddi vdi hau het cdc vi phgm lien quan ddn tiiudc Id thi hinh thiic xu phgt chi la cdnh cao hoac phat tien. Hipn nay, cdc co quan chiic ndng dang "dau diu" vdi tinh ttgng xd phgt cdnh cdo vi hinh phgt nay it cd tac dung rdn de, cdn phgt tiln tiii nhilu ngudi vi phgm khdng cd tidn dl npp. Thilt nghi, ddi vdi cdc vi pham lien quan den thudc la thi can quy djnh them cac bi^n phap khde phye hdu qua. Didu 28 Lugt Xu ly VPHC
I A P P H A P ^ S a 22 (302)711/2015
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT nam 2012 sau khi lidt kd cac bidn phdp khac
phuc hdu qud cu the thi cdn quy djnh thdm
"cdc bipn phdp khac phuc hdu qud khde do Chinh phii quy djnh". Nhu vgy, Chinh phu cd the quy djnh them cdc bidn phdp khde phye hdu qud khac md chua dupc dinh danh ttong Lugt Xu Iy VPHC ndm 2012. Theo chung tdi, cd thd nghien ciiu de dp dyng bidn phdp "budc lao ddng cdng ich" ddi vdi nhiing ngudi VPHC lidn quan den thudc Id.
Vd nguydn tdc, nhiing hdnh vi hiit thudc Id nai cdng cpng, hiit thudc Id tgi dja diem cd quy djnh cam dnh hudng tryc tidp ddn mdi trudng, sue khde ciia nhiing ngudi xung quanh ndn phdi thuc hipn nhung hogt ddng nham edi tgo mdi trudng. Nhu vay, ddi vdi nhirng vi phgm nay thi bdn cgnh hinh thiic
xii phgt chinh cdn cd thi dp dung bien phdp khde phye hau qud nhu td chirc cho ngudi vi phgm lao ddng tgi cdc cdng trinh cdng ich nhu chdm sdc cay xanh, dpn dep vp smh d cdng vidn, cdi tgo kdnh muong... Ddy hoan todn khdng phdi Id cuang buc lao ddng ma nhdm mye dich ndng cao y thdc phap luat ciia ngudi vi phgm. Mpt hinh thiic lao dpng gian dan, hgp ly ludn cd y nghia giao dye sdu sac. Nhihig canh cao, nhac nhd dan thudn, "thilu md hdi, thieu cdng sue" se khdng mang lgi kit qud khd quan. Tuy nhidn, cin luu y Id ca chd thyc hipn, hinh thiic, each lam phdi khoa hpc, than ttpng, ttanh Igm dung, vira thyc hdnh vira giao due, thuydt phuc de ngudi vi pham khdng tdi pham ttong tuong lai •
Niiiliiiivaiii
(Ti/p theo trang 42) a) Ngu&i thuc hi^n HVNH mdc benh tir th&i diim ndo (tru&c, trong hay sau khi thuc hien HVNH);
b) Niu ngu&i thirc hi^n HVNH mdc benh tru&c hogc trong khi thuc hien hdnh vi thi phdi chirng minh tgi th&i diem thuc hien hdnh vi, ngu&i thuc hi^n HVNH co mdt khd ndng nhgn thirc hogc khd nang dieu khien hdnh vi hay khong.
c) Tinh trgng benh vd tdm thdn cua nguai thytc hi^n HVNH co lien quan den su nguy hiim eho bdn thdn hp, cho nhimg ngu&i xung quanh hogc eo the gdy nen nhirng thiet hgi khde cho xa hpi hay khong.
2. Khi tidn hdnh td tyng, Ca quan didu tra phdi bdo ddm cd ngirdi bdo chiia tham gia t l tiing tii khi xdc djnh dupc ngudi cd HVNH mdc BTT hoac bpnh khde lam mit khd nang nhgn thiic hode dilu khiln hdnh vi.
Ngudi dgi didn hgp phdp ciia ngudi do cd thd tham gia td tung frong trudng hpp cdn thilt.
3. Tru&ng hap kdt qud gidm djnh xdc djnh bj can mac BTT hoac benh khac 1dm mit khd nang nhdn thuc hogc didu khidn hdnh vi thi Ca quan didu tra giii van bdn dd nghj ap dyng bidn phdp bdt budc chua bdnh kem theo kit lugn giam djnh va todn bp ho sa vu dn eho Vdn kidm sdt ciing cdp de xem xet, quydt dinh.
Trong thdi hgn ba ngdy, kl tii ngdy nhan duac van ban de nghj cua Co quan dilu tta ciing kdt ludn gidm djnh va todn bp hd sa vu dn, Vidn kidm sdt quydt djnh dp dung bipn phdp chira benh ddi vdi bi can hoae ydu cdu Ca quan dieu tta tnmg cdu gidm djnh bo sung, gidm djnh lai ndu tiiiy chua du cdn cur dd quylt djnh.
4. Trudng hpp Vidn kilm sdt ra quylt djnh dp dyng bien phap bdt budc chiia bdnh thi Ca quan didu tta phdi ra quydt djnh tgm dinh chi hogc dinh ehi didu tra ddi vdi bj can •
- ; , NGHltH CUUI E C Sd 22(302) T11/2015V.LAP P H A p l V V
