l l l l l TRAO Odi y KISN
HIEN TRANG VA GlAl PHAP CAl TAO C H A T LUONG K^T CAU HA T A N G GIAO THONG DUONG S A T VIET NAM
BAN KHOA HpC CONG NGH6 - BlfdNG SAT VI$T NAM
Mi Igng ludi dudng sdt Qudc gia Vigt Nam dang dupe khai thde hign nay da trai qua thdi gian trdn 100 nam, trong dieu kign bj tan phd ngng nd bdi hai cuOc chien tranh va tufin chju dnh hudng cQa vQng khf hau khdc nghigt gid mQa nhi#t ddi cfi nhieu mua, bao lu, xgt Id... gay ra. Bdi bao dudi day se ndu Ihpc trgng, cQng mpt sd nguydn nhdn va giai phdp efi tde dOng den chdt lupng kdt cdu hg lang giao Ihfing dudng sdt ViOt Nam.
Hign trgng ket cdu ccf s d hg tang giao thong du-dng sat:
Tuyin dudng: Mgng ludi giao thfing dudng sdi (GTDS) efi chidu ddi trdn 3.000 km gom cac logi:
khd dudng 1.000mm chidm 85%, khd dudng 1.435mm chidm 6% va khd dudng tdng giua 1.435 mm vd 1.000mm chiem 9%. Tuyen dudng dupe phdn ra theo dudng ehfnh tuydn, dudng trong ga vd dudng nhdnh. Tuydn dudng cfin nhidu dudng eong bdn kfnh nhfi dO dde dpc Idn, ca bidt efi nhdng chd R^<150m ho§e nhung dogn dp doc Idn tdi tp = 17"/^
Igo ra nhieu didm hgn chd tdc dp. Chieu rpng ndn dudng hign nay cfin thidu so vdi ydu cdu, phdn Idn bj hgp, mOt sd nai bj IQn, trdi sal Id, mat dn djnh.
Muang rdnh nhieu cho bj sgl Id, khfing phdt huy tdc dyng thoat nudc, ve mua mua bao thudng bj dpng nudc gdy hu hdng nen dudng.
Kidn true ldng Irdn dudng sdt: efi nhidu loai ray tu 24kg, 25kg, 30kg, 38kg ddn ray 43kg, mpt sd it dogn dudng ray dupe ndng cap len logi 50kg, theo v$n tupng v$n chuydn hang ndm thi ray ngdy cdng bj mdi mfin, ddu mdi ray bj ggc, mgt ldn gpn sfing torn sdu. md ray mfin...nhieu chd ray da qud nien hgn sd dyng. Tdng sd ghi dudng sdt cfi 2.225 bO, trong dfi cfi nhidu logi tdm sd hiOu nhd ho$e ldm ghdp chdt lupng kdm, dnh hudng rat nhieu den tde dO chgy tdu. Td vgl, phy kiOn gdm nhidu logi Id td vgt be tfing edt thdp thudng, td vgt bd tong cdt thdp dy ung lyc.
ta vgl sit, ta vgl gd. Td vgt dupe kdt noi vdi ray bdng cae logi phy kign ede cdng vd phy kign cfic ddn hii la chQ ydu. Da ba Idt phan ldn khfing dQ tifiu ehudn ky thult vl cfi chieu day ldp da nhd, kich cd dd phdn Idn khfing dung quy djnh, ty Ig dd ba lat bdn vd trdn cgnh Idn.
Cau, him, cong va nhd cua kiin true khde: Tdng so cfi 1.814 cdi cau vdi chieu ddi Id 57.709 m, dd tr^i qua Ihdi gian su dyng tuang ddi ddi, thdp Idm cdu thupc nhidu chung logi td ede nudc nhu BI, Phdp, My, Due, Lidn Xfi, Trung Qude... tai trpng nhd, g^n day mdt sd eau yeu dupe edi tgo ndng edp bdng ngudn vdn vay ODA cua Nhgt Bdn. Tdng sd hdm c6 39 cai vdi long chidu ddi 11.620 m phan Idn dupe xay dyng Id thdi Phdp, hign trong linh trgng vd hdm cQ, nude dfi ri, khd gidi hgn hgp, thodt nudc kdm.
Tdng sd cdng efi 5.120 edi, hdu hdt edc edng khdng ddp dng yeu cau thodt nudc. Kidn true khde bao gdm hg thdng gan 300 nhd ga, edc kho, ehfil gde ghi, san ke, bai hang... da phan vdi chdt lupng khfing dam bao do thdi gian su dyng dd lau...
Dudng ngang vd an loan giao thong: tren lodn mgng ludi DSVN hign cfi 1.464 dudng ngang hpp phdp vd khoang han 4.000 dudng ngang do dan sinh ty md, Gan day Chinh phu dd quan tdm bang vigc cdp vdn dau tu dd Oudng sdt Vigt Nam Ihyc hi§n dy dn an loan giao thfing, cai tgo mat dudng bp Igi giao cdt vdi dudng sdt, nang cdp cae thiel bj nhdm tang cudng canh bao an loan tgi dudng ngang. Tuy nhien, vdi sd dudng ngang dan sinh ty phdt qud Idn, thi vdn dd an todn giao thfing van la mpt trong nhdng chO dd dang dupe xa hpi quan tdm nhidu.
H$ thing thdng tin: dupe chia tuang ung thdnh 5 mang theo cac khu vyc vdi cdch bd tri: thdng tin dudng ddi, thfing tin hdnh chfnh cde ga. dudng 10.
thfing tin nOI hat, thong tin dudng ddi lidn tuydn.
Hien tgi hO Ihdng thfing tin dudng sdt gdm h$ thdng tmydn ddn tai ba ddy trdn eOt bd tfing kdl hpp cdp
mm
sd 4 ndm 2013 ITRAO DOI y Ki^N aaaaa
ddng tryc. dudng ddi; h$ thdng cdp quang vd truyen ddn sd SHD. Thiel bj tdi ba dung trong truydn dan thfing tin dudng ddi sdn xudt lap ddt td ndm 1970;
thud kdnh vidn thflng qudc gia theo djch vy cOa Buu ehfnh vidn thflng. Cde thidt bj lidn quan gdm thidt bj ehuydn mgch, thidt bj diOn bdo, may Fax, dign thoai chuydn dQng, diOn thogi hfli nghj, thiel bj thflng tin vfi tuydn sfing ngdn, sfing cyc ngin. Ngudn dien cho thidt bj thfing tin gdm ngudn diOn xoay chidu va mOt chidu. Cde thiet bj lidn quan khac nhu loa phfing thanh, thfing bdo ty ddng qua dien thogi, mgng may tfnh d$tchS bdn vd...
H^ thing tin hi$u: bao gdm thidt bj tfn higu tren ga, thidt bi dfing dudng khu gian va dang dupe ddn thay thd hiOn dgi hod bdi da phan cac Ihiet bj ndy deu efi Ihdi gian su dyng qud lau ndm, gay anh hudng den cfing tdc ehgy tdu, v$n hdnh, duy tu sua ehua.
Nfii chung, kdl cau ea sd hg tang dudng sat Vigt Nam da phdn trong tinh trgng Ige h$u, thidu ddng bO, thieu dn djnh, ydu kdm ed vd chat lup'ng vd ve ky thugt cfing nghg. Nhieu dogn tuydn di qua cae vung efi dia hlnh dja chat phdc tgp, nQI non hidm trd, ven bd sfing, sudi, bd bien, giua edc thung lung... anh hudng ldn ddn nang lyc vgn tSi vd cflng tac an loan.
Theo thdng ke danh gia ve chat lugng eau dudng ndm 2009 vd 2010 binh qudn cac didm chgy chua dat tidu ehudn tren 1 km dudng va tde dO binh quan d cde tuydn nhu sau:
Tuy^n du^ng
»i N«i - H i Chl Mmh YSn Vi6n • L4o Cai Hd NOi-Bing DSng Gia U m - Hdi Phdng Ding Anh-Quin Trilu
2009 Bqdiim chay sai (Jilm/
l<m) 7,34 23,74 20,69 28,03 9,67
Toe aSbq (Km/h)
72,36 52,23 52,20 67,90 57.45
2010 Bq diem chay sal (diem/
km) 3,79 19,07 18,56 30,18 8,54
T6C dpbq (Km/h)
72,44 52,37 52,43 68,75 47,45
Nhirng nguyen nhan anh hu'O'ng den chat luyng ket cdu c<y s d hg tang giao thong du-fi-ng sat Anh hudng bdi thidn nhidn: Hang ndm hO thdng ca sd hg tdng dudng sdt thudng xuydn chiu dyng nhieu tdc dflng cQa thidn tai bSo ID, mua ng§p, ddt sut, da
Id, do cay ven dudng... Idm dch Idc giao Ihfing, giam ehdt lupng cae cfing trinh, gay thiOt hai nhieu ve kinh td. Kinh phf de khdc phyc Ihigt hgi sau eae dpt thien tai ndy thudng ton kdm rat nhieu. Theo thong ke Ihigl hgi nam 2008 Id : han 100 ly ddng, ndm 2009 gan 600 t j va nam 2010 trdn 400 ty ddng.
Nguon von: Rat cdn thiet cho cfing tdc quan iy, bdo tri kel cau hg tdng dudng sdt, tuy nhidn hang ndm ngudn nay dupe cap thudng khflng du, mdi ehl dupe 50% theo ydu cdu thyc te de ra.
Trlnh dd qudn I'y, thiet bj thi eong: Cfi cfing nghO khflng hiOn dgi ngodi mpt sd thidt bi ca gidi thi cfing, mdy chen dudng 08-8GS mdi dupe trang bj ndm 2008 cQa Ao, hign phan Idn cfing lac thi cfing sua ehua duy tu dinh ky deu blng thu cfing vdi Irinh dO quan ly chua dupe nang cao. Cde quy trinh, tieu ehudn dinh mdc kinh td k? ihuOt phdn Idn efin chua dupe bo sung, dieu chinh kip thdi cho phQ hpp vdi ydu cau cQa phdt then chung trong ITnh vyc xay dyng ea ban.
Mfit so giai phap nang cao chdt lup'ng ket cau co*
s d hg tang du'fi'ng sat
Trong thdi gian qua mac du efin g$p nhidu khfi khan nhung vdi myc tieu giu vung an todn vd thfing sudt trong giao thfing vgn ldi dudng sdt, nganh DSVN da tgp trung then khai mpt sd giai phdp nhu sau:
- To chuc kiem tra, danh gid vd chat lupng ket cau ca sd hg tang cac luyen dudng sdt dang quan ly va khai thde. Trong do, phan lich lap hpp tdt ca cac diem trpng yeu de cfi ke hoaeh dau lu nang cdp, sua chua... tung budc theo thu l y tu cao xudng thap, nhlm dam bao trgng thdi ky thuat kel cau ha tang, giam xde Idc. Dam bao toe dp, tai trpng chay tau cac tuydn, vdi trpng tam la giu vung tdc dO chgy tau 29 gid tren tuyen dudng sit Thong Nhal va tdc dp chay tau tren cde tuyen Yen Vien - Lao Cai, Gia Ldm - Hai Phflng. Su dyng co hieu qua ngudn vdn sy nghigp kinh le dugc cap de tam tdt cong tac sua chua thudng xuyen djnh ky vd sua ehua khdn cdp,
- Tang cu'dng cfing tac quan ty ky thugt, cflng tae kiem tra, tudn tra cau, cdng, ham, nen dudng, ghi, thfing tin tfn higu... dd phat hign kjp Ihdi cac
I s A * n S m 2 0 1 3
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aaaaa TRAO OOI y KI^N
nguydn nhdn ca bdn, tidn hdnh sua chua khde phyc nhung hu hfing nhfi, khuydt HI trye tidp trong qua trlnh khai thde dam bao an loan. Len kd hogch dd lOp trung sua chua thudng xuydn tgi cde diem trgng ydu nhu thay dan ray mfin, ta vgt hong, bd sung da ba Idt. Ddi vdi sua chua khan cap tOp trung thay ray mfin tdt, ddt ray phong trOt bdnh ddi vdi cac dudng cong bdn kinh nhfi (R < 200m), thay td vgt ndt va, thay ghi cde logi, xd ty ndn dudng sung yeu, gia ed khdn cdp cdu khdu dfl L < 4m ddm be tfing ndt, vd, ddm thdp bj gf, thung ngng. Trong sua chua ldn t|p trung sua ehda mOt so dogn dudng sdt ehlnh tuyen, cde vj tri ndn dudng yeu, hgn chd tde dp; edc cau ydu, cdng s§p, ham bj phong hod, cai tgo nang cap cde bdi hdng. kho, ke ga; sua ehua ndng edp hO thdng thflng tin tin higu d mpt sd tuydn efi ndng tye thfing qua Idn... thay thd ddy trdn bdng cdp quang dogn Ddng Ddng - Bidn gidi. Ddi vdi cfing tac phfing chdng, khdc phyc thidn lai can chu dpng phdi hpp vdi cde ea quan lidn quan dd thyc hiOn tdt cde vigc phdt hiOn, phfing ngda, hgn che Ihigt hgi; Ihdnh Igp edc ban chT dgo cde cap, dy phfing dQ v^t tu, trang thidt bj tgi mflt sd didm trpng ydu thudng xdy ra sy cd, dd kip thdi va nhanh chfing khic phye h$u qua, ddm bdo giao Ihfing thflng suot.
Ddu tu ddi mdi cfing nghg cho cfing tac bao dudng, sda ehda, lang cudng su dyng ea gid hod trong Ihi cfing kel cdu hg tdng; Tridn khai md rOng cfing nghO ray hdn lidn trdn mOt sd khu gian quan trpng.
Td chuc tridn khai tdt cae dy dn dd dupe Chinh phu phd duygl trong nang cdp, md rOng tuydn dudng va phdn dau ddn ndm 2020 ndng eao chdt tupng ket cdu hg tang dudng s i t dgt lidu ehudn cap Qudc gia. Song song vdi cac budc dang ehudn bj dd lidn hanh tridn khai dy dn dudng s i t eao tde Bdc - Nam, cdng tac tac duy tri dn djnh cQa mgng ludi dudng sit Qudc gia hidn efi td viOc vdn phdi dupe ludn lufin ChQ trpng quan tam, khfing phai ehi ridng trdch nhigm cua DSVN, ma cQng can dfii hdi edc cdp, nganh vd dja phuang cfi lidn quan cung tham gla giai quydt. Trong dfi can t§p trung m0t sd vdn d^
trpng ldm nhu: bd sung, dieu chinh cde quy ehudn, tidu chuan, dinh muc vd kinh te ky thugt trong qudn ly, thiel ke, thi cflng cua khdi ca sd hg tdng cho phii hpp vdi nhu cdu phdt tridn thyc id chung. Dam bdo va cdn doi du so vdn sy nghiOp kinh td hdng ndm cQa Chfnh phQ ddnh cho cfing tde qudn ly, bdo tri kel cdu ca sd hg tdng giao thfing dudng s i t Cde 8$
nganh cfi lien quan edn tgo didu kidn nhidu han ntj-a cho ngdnh DSVN trong viOc thu hQt dupe edc ngudn lyc vd vdn, vd cfing nghO, vd ea chd ehfnh sdch dd ddu tu phdt tridn hO thdng kdt cdu hg tdng co sb giao Ihfing dudng s i t theo hudng hign dgi hod nhu dd dupe Chfnh phQ phd duyOt tgi edc Quydt djnh 1686/QD-TTg ngay 20/11/2008 vd so 1436/QD-TTg ngdy 10/9/2009 ve dieu chinh quy hogeh long the phat tridn ngdnh giao thflng v|n tdi DSVN den ndm 2020, lam nhin den nam 2030 •
lITiPTI
