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Thdng tin khoa hoc cdng nghd m dDE XUAT M O T S O GIAI PHAP KY THUAT CONG NGHE NHAM NANG CAO NlDC Dd AN TOAN TRONG KHAI THAC THAN SUTDUNG GIA KHUNG
THUY l i i c Dl
D O N G LOAIPHAN THE AP DUNG CHG LiO CHO ViA
DOC 0 £ N 4 S °Since the end of 2008, the two section hydraulic moving support GK/1600/1.6/2.4/HTD has been applied to 15 longwalls having the dip angle to 4^
Besides the significant advantages, these supports have revealed some disadvantages causing collapse accidents. In this paper, the authors refer to the reasons and propose some teehnologieal solutions for increasing the safety level in coal mining activities with the application of the two section hydraulic moving supports to the longwalls having the dip angle to 45^
Gid khung thuy lyc di dOng Thdi, Nam Mlu, v.v. D i n nay, lopi ed xd Id t i m khii liln (cdn trong Tpp dodn Vinacomin da gpi Id gid khung chfnh thi) da cd 15 Id chy sii' dung lopi gid duyc dp dgng pho biln d eac khung ndy, trong dd ed 10 Id md ham Id viing Quang Ninh chy dp dgng eho kit qua tit, tip ndm 2007 d i n nay, trong cdn 5 Id chy da xay ra sy eo so do edng nghd khai thde cJo Id, tpi cde mo Dong Vdng, khlu Idp tm ha tran. khai thde Hing Thdi va C i m Thanh. Sy vfa ddy, gde d i e thoai d i n vide ndy gay e ngai eho eac
TS. TRUONG DU-C DU KS. PHUNG VifT BAC
Vi^n Khoa hgc Cdng ngh^ Md - Vinacomin
nghidng (a < 35°).
Vdi mgc dieh md rOng pham vi dp dgng cua gid khung thuy lyc di dOng cho ede Id chy cd gdc d i e Idn hon, d i n 45°, Trung QuIc da chl tpo lopi gid khung cd xd duyc phdn thdnh 2 khoi (xd kdp), edn gpi la gia khung
cdn bO ky thupt edng nghd trong Tpp dodn Vinacomin v l mirc dO an todn khi dp dgng gid khung thuy lye di dOng GK/1600/1.6/2.4/HTD khi dO doc Id chy d i n 45°.
Trong bdi bdo ndy, tdc gia khdi qudt nguydn nhdn do Id chy chlng bdng gid khung thuy kdp), edn gpi la gia khung i^-c di dOng vd d l xult mOt so phan t h i . da duyc du vdo ap .^. .^^ ,^^ ^^upt cdng nghp dgng trong ^thye td tpi Vipt ^ ^ ^ ^ ^.^g ^^ ^^^ ^^ an Nam, tir cuoi nam 2008 gia ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^g j^^j gj^ ^hung khung phan the ^ W ap dgng ^^^ ,. ^^^ ^^^ 450 dau tien tai Cong ty 86 (Tdng ' 7 ^.^ , . . . ,,/•
edng ty Ddng Ble) Sau mOt Ting hyp dilu kipn va ket thdi'gian dp dgng cd hipu qua, qua khai thde 15 lo chy doc loai gid khung nay duyc lien
doanh c h l tao 0 Vipt Nam. cd ma hipu GK/1600/1.6/2.4/HT[D vd da md rOng dp dgng 0 Cong ty than D i n g Vdng, e l m Thanh, Khe Cham, Hong
da vd dang dp dgng gid khung thuy lyc phan t h i cho thly, h l u h i t cdc Id chy ed gde d i e trung binh 37 ^ 40°; ed 5 Id chy ddi trdn 100m, edn 10 Id ehy thuOc lopi ngdn (50 -
80m); cd 7 Id ehy dpt edng suit trdn 100.000 tin/ndm, trong dd ed 2 Id ehy edng suit eao nhlt Id 190.000 tin/ndm vd 218.000 tin/ndm. Ndng suit lao dOng 3,0 ^ 10 tIn/cdng-ca, thdng thudng dpt 3,5 -^ 7.0 tin/edng-ea. Nhu vdy, vdi thdi gian dp dung du Idn, trong dilu kidn Id ehy ngan ed gde die eao, cho cdng suit khai thde, nang suit lao dOng eao nhu trdn Id cdc ehf tidu tidn tiln. Dilu do khang djnh so d l cdng nghd khai thde cOt ddi theo phuong, khlu Idp trg ha trin, khai thde Id ehy d i e d i n 45° su' dung gid khung thuy lye di dOng lopi phdn t h i Id hyp ly trong dilu kipn ky thupt edng nghd khai thde than him Id d Vidt Nam hidn nay. Tuy nhidn. Id chy ed dO doe edng eao trong gidi han d i n 45° thi mirc dO an toan vd hipu qua khai thde se cdng bj hpn c h l .
5 Id chy xay ra sy eo do da duyc dilu tra, hipn trpng vd nguyen nhan sy co duoc thing kd trong bang 1.
KHCNM SC 1/2012* CNKT HAM LO
w Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Bdngi
TT Ten Id chg Dieu ki^n via than Hiin tr^ng sy c6 Nguyin nhin L6 chy 6A-4
via 6A khu D6ng Trdng Bpch (Cdng ty Than Ding Vdng)
L6 chy mii-c +30 ^ +126 vfa 24 khu Trdng Khd II (Cdng ty Than Hing Thdi)
L6 chp- via 18 khu Trdng Khd III (Cdng ty Than Hing Thdi)
L6 ehp- via 11, mipc -50/-20 khu Tdy Nam Od Mdi, Xi nghidp Than e l m Thdnh (16 ehp' thip hai dp dung gid khung tpi via 11)
L6 ehp- via 11 Cdnh Bdc, Xi nghidp than e l m Thdnh, mCre 50/+40 (16 ehy gid
"khung ehuyin didn Iln thir ba trong khu vyc)
Via ddy trung blnh 2,9m, d i e 37 , than mim. Od vdch vd try sdt vfa than Id sdt kit m i m y l u , ddy 0,2^ 1,5m
Vfa ddy khodng 2.2m, die 42° Od vach sdt via Id sdt kit, sdt than m i m ylu, chilu ddy ldn nhlt d i n 3,5 m, tilp theo Id bdt kit. Od trg Id sdt k i t cung hodc bdt kit,
Vfa ddy khodng 2,2m, d i e 43° Od vdch sdt via Id sdt kit, sdt than m i m ylu, ehilu ddy Idn nhlt d i n 2 m, tilp theo Id bOt kit. Od tru via Id sdt than xen kpp sdt kit
Via ddy khoang 3,6m, d i e 38° Od vdch sdt via Id sdt kit, sdt than m i m ylu, e6 ehilu ddy Idn nhlt d i n 1.5 m, tilp theo Id bOt kit.
Od trg via Id sdt k i t vd bOt k i t eiu tpo phdn Idp.
Via ddy khoang 4,0m, ddc 38° Od vdch sdt via Id sdt k i t mdng 0,3 ^ 0,5m; tilp theo Id tdp bOt k i t ddy 5 + 10m. Od trg via Id bOt k i t rdn ehde.
Oang ldp ddt 16 chp- thi ede gid khung s l 10 + 14 dd ldp bj xd dpt, blng Idn phia n6e 16, Idm chdn eOt chlng nhlc eao khdi n i n 16 khodng 1,0m,
Sau khi ldp ddt gid khung d 16 thup-ng khdi dilm, tiln hdnh phd hod ban d i u cho 16 eho blng khoan phd n l cdc cup ddi 6 + 8m. L6 ehy khlu chlng, di chuyin duyc 02 lulng trong tinh trpng ede gid chlng bj xd dpt, sau Od 16 ehy bj chdy ndi sinh, phai dung sdn xult,
Od ldp ddt xong 16 chp-, guong khlu phia sau chlng bdng vi g l , x l p cOi lyn, dd khlu duyc 5 lulng vd thdng vdo 16 thuyng dd ldp ddt gid. Khlu 16 ehp- gid vd x l p cOi Ig-n d\sgc ho-n 1 lulng dk md rdng khdng gian phd hod ban d i u thI todn bd khdng gian dd khai thde bj sdp d l .
Hai 16 thuyng bdm vdch vd bdm trg cdch nhau 10m phgc vg phd hod ban d i u vd ldp ddt gid khung. Od ldp ddt dup-e 22 gid khung tpi 16 thuQ-ng trg vd khai thde 16 vdch dup-e 3 lulng. Trg than e6n Ipi giua 2 dudng 16 Id 5 m; khi d6 todn bO 22 bO gid bj d l ndm rpp d nin 16.
L6 chp- Idp vdch dd khai thde vd phd hod ban d i u . L6 thuyng khdi dilm Idp trg ddo sdt 16 ehy vdch dd phd hoa, dd ldp ddt xong 42 gid thuy lye vd chlng giQ' d i u , chdn 16 ehy bdng ede vi xd hOp eOt thuy lye do-n. Khlu 16 ehy trg thudng ky theo phu-ang duyc
l O m t h l l d e h y b i d l .
Ndc 16 ehy bj ring, nin y l u ldm eOt chlng bj liin Idn ndc vd xuIng nin (cijt chlng khdng ldp 6k phg).
Thye hidn phd hod ban d i u cho 16 chy bdng ph^
n l ede cup phia sau 16 thuong khdi dilm khdng ddm bdo sdp d l thdt dl ndn dd gdy dp lue Idn 16n guong. Lue chlng ciia gid bj gidm do lun Idn vdch, do vdy gid chlng bi kdo x6 Idch.
Od vdch true tilp Id bdt kit khd eung vung nhung ldp dd sdt via mem ylu, d§
bong tdch, Idm sdp d l cdc vi chlng gd vd gid thuy lu-c khdng chju tdi (trudc khi phd hod ban diu), cOt chong eiia gid khdng c6 de phg ndn gid chong bj lun, khdng chju lu-c
Vide kilm sodt dp Ig-e cdc eOt chlng eua gid khdng tdt ndn khdng phdt hidn cdc gid dd ldp ddt khdng dam bdo dp lu-e chong giO. Khi dp lue md gia tdng theo su- gidm ehilu rOng trg giO-a hai dudng 16 eOt chlng ciJa gid bj hdng chdn dd Idm do gid khung theo dpng
"ddmind"
L i y than hp trin qud nhidu trong khi dd vdch vfa cirng vd khi sdp d l dd trdi tru-yt xuIng chdn 16 ehy ldm ring khdng gian khai thde d d i u 16 ehy. Sy gia tdng dp lu-e Idn vl chong 16 cha do vdch treo eung vdi su- gidm sue chlng dd eiia giS thuy lye do lun vdo n6c 16 Id than m i m y l u dd Idm do ede gid thuy lye.
KHCNM S6 1/2012* CNKT HAM L 6
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Thdng tin khoa hoc cdng nghd md Tip hien trpng 5 vg sy codo Id chy ndi tren cho thly, tat ea cdc vg sy eo d i u xay ra d giai dopn d i u dua Id chy v l trang thdi khai thde thudng ky (xay ra khi dang ldp dpt gia thuy lye, hoae dang chuin bj phd hoa ban d i u , hope mdi phd hod ban d i u xong vd thye hipn khai thde thudng ky mOt s l it luong). Nguydn nhdn co ban eua ede vg sy eo Id:
Kilm scat lye tai cua cdc cOt chlng chua t i t ndn cdc gid khung thuy lye di dOng khdng dam bao kha ndng chong giu- (bao gom lyc ndn dpe true vd lye xd theo ehilu doe).
Chua thye hipn t i t cdng tdc phd hoa ban d i u , do vdy da Idm gia tang dp lyc md ldn cdc vi chong Id ehy.
Vdi cdc nguydn nhdn gay sy e l ndu trdn, xin 6k xult mOt so giai phdp ky thudt cdng nghd nhu sau:
1. Cdng tie pha hoa ban diu Id chg. Ndn thyc hidn theo phuong phdp truyin thing, khai thde Id ehy bdm vdch, chong gd thiu (doan) dpe, x l p cui Ion gd, tao khdng gian vd khoan no min phd sap dd vdch. Ld thuong lap dat Id ehy ddo bdm tru, phia trudc edeh phpm vi dd vdch da sap do do phd hod ban dau khoang 2,0m (khi ehilu day vfa dudi 4.5m). hope ddo trong viing da sap d l dd vdch khi vfa ddy trdn 4,5m. Sau khi lap ddt xong Id cho se phd no tru than 6k dua Id ehy v l trang thdi khai thde thudng ky (theo hudng ddn dp dgng gid khung thuy lyc di dOng trong eae md than ham Id do Tap dodn Vinacomin ban hanh nam 2008). Khdng nen dp
dgng phuong phdp 'eat vdch"
d l phd hda ban diu.
Tpi ede Id ehy die, vfa ddy trung binh, khai thde mOt Idp, kinh nghidm eho thly, cdc Id ehy da chong gd, sau khi thye hidn t i t cdng tdc phd hod ban d i u mdi ldp dpt gid khung thuy lye tryc tilp vdo Id ehy chlng gd vd thye hipn khai thde thudng ky, dam bao an todn, khdng xay ra sy eo.
Phuong phdp khde trong trudng hyp ndy Id ddo Id thuyng phia trudc Id ehy gd, lap dpt gid khung vdo Id thuyng khdi dilm, khlu di ehuyin gid Idn phia trudc dam bao Id ehy gid thodt khdi vj tri chilu ddi xd vi chlng Id thuyng khdi dilm, dong thdi x l p 2 hdng cui lyn dudi cdc xd cua Id thuyng khdi dilm.
Tilp theo, dirng khlu Id eho gid thuy lye vd tiln hdnh khau chong Id ehy go, thdng vdo vj tri da x l p cui lyn eua Id ehy gid phia trudc, thdo bdt cui Ion vd khoan no phd sap dd vdch phia sau gid thuy lye (phuong phdp ndy da thye hipn thdnh edng tpi Id ehy vfa 24 Cdng ty Than Hong Thdi).
2. Bu than va dat da vao khoang trong d dau Id chg:
Tpi Id ehy die, dd vdch phd hoa thudng trdi truyt xuong phia chdn Id chy, do dd d i u Id chy bj ring. Trong trudng hyp ndy can phai tang cudng chlng giir dopn d i u Id chy, ding thdi khoan, no phd trg than vd dd vdch d Id thdng gid 6k b l sung.bii lip vdo khdng gian edn rdng d d i u Id ehy.
3. Cac giai phap bo sung chong giO va kiem soat tai trpng chong:
- Tpo dilm tya vQ'ng chac cho cde vi chlng: trong Id ehy
doe, lye xd theo ehilu doc rat Idn d i n xuong chdn Id, 6k trdnh tinh trpng sap do vi chong kilu "ddmind" can phai dam bao ede vi chlng d pham vi chdn Id ehy thpt vQ'ng chac.
Dk thue hipn vipe ndy, phdi eung e l ngd ba Id chdn vdi Id ehy bang ede vi chong gia cudng, khudn vd cQi lyn. Tot nhlt ndn chong giu gid thuy lye sdt Id chdn vd ndm giir chac chan. Trudng hyp phai su dung cde vi chong bang cOt thuy luc don vdi xd hOp d chdn Id chy thi lya chpn so vi chlng ndy it nhlt vd dam bao mpt dO cQng nhu vdng, ndm d mue tot nhlt.
Chen gd bo sung d ndc Id ehy: Do xd gid khung GK/1600/1.6/2.4/HTD nhe, phai kit hop trai ludi thdp d ndc Id. Trudng hop Id ehy ed ha trin than ndc, hope trong trudng hop dd vdch mim y l u , ngodi ludi thdp, can bo sung ede chdn gd dudi ludi vdi mat dO ddy hyp ly nham tdng cudng cirng vQ'ng eho ndc Id ehy, han c h l sy lun vdo ndc eua gid khung.
Lap tam 6k phg eho cOt chlng eua gid khi n i n Id mim y l u : kinh nghipm eho thly, trudng hyp trg mim y l u gdy nhieu khd khdn hon so vdi trudng hyp phai xu ly vdch ylu, dpe bidt Id vdi gid chlng thuy lye. Vdi eo c h l hopt dOng: v l xd ndy dya vdo v l xd kia 6k di ehuyin (gid thuy lye di dOng) hope gid ndy dya vdo gid kia d l di ehuyin (gid khung thuy lye di dOng). Khi trg m i m y l u , cdc gid chong khdng ed tai, se khdng thye hidn duyc nhidm vu Idm dilm tya 6k di chuyin v l xd gid chong khdc hope di ehuyin ehinh minh. Thyc t l , tpi mOt
KHCNM S6 1/2012* CNKT HAM L 6
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Thdng tin khoa hoc cdng nghe md so Id ehy d vung Quang Ninhgdp trg Id sdt kit m i m y l u , vipe chlng giu- bdng gid thuy lye da khdng thdnh cdng, khi ehuyin sang su dgng vi chlng don chile (cOt thgy lye don vdi xd khdp hodc xd hOp) da dam bao khai thde duyc.
Tip nhQ'ng phdn tich trdn ddy eho thly, 6k thye hidn kha nang chlng giQ' vd di chuyin gid khung thuy lyc di dOng, nin Id phai dam bdo du kha ndng khdng lun, trudng hyp nin Id ehy Id than hay dd set mim y l u thi ede cOt chlng eua gid khung thuy lye di dOng phai duyc ldp t i m d l phg vdi didn tich phu hyp.
Kilm tra vd kilm sodt lyc tai cua cOt gid: thyc t l , da cd trudng hyp khi ldp dpt gid khung, ehf dyng gid md khdng lap ngay hd thing thuy lye, nhu vdy se khdng kilm sodt duyc dp lyc Idn cOt vd khdng bom duyc djeh bo sung cho cpt. Do vdy, trong qud trinh lap ddt gid chlng phai hoan thidn ngay hd thing thuy lyc eho gid. C i n thudng xuydn theo ddi vd bom b l sung dung djeh eho ede gid thuy lyc vd coi dd Id vipe r i t quan trpng 6k dam bao gid chong ludn d trpng thai du lye chong giu', nhlt Id trong diiu kidn Id die.
Dk kilm sodt dp lyc cOt chlng cua gid khung thuy lyc, d i i vdi Id chy thoai thudng dp dgng 10 gid ed mOt cOt ldp ddt ding h i theo ddi, nhung d i i vdi Id chy d i e c i n tdng cudng theo ddi vd kilm scat ndn lap dpt 5 gid khung cd mOt dong h i do.
4. Cic giai phip bo sung gia cudng chong xd gia thuy lyc:
Lam vipe d dO d i e cao. gia khung thuy lyc chju tdc dgng
cua lyc xd theo chilu d i e Idn.
Dk khlng c h l lyc xd ndy phdi tpo ra lyc ma sdt Idn giCra gid khung thuy lyc vdi than vd d i t dd d ndc vd n i n Id chy. Gidi phdp quan trpng vd tidn quylt Id cOt chlng gid khung phdi dam bdo lyc chlng 6d dpc cOt trdn 7 MPa. Dilu ndy chf cd duyc khi chdn cOt chlng duyc ddt sdu vdo dd trg cCrng hodc vdi t i m 6k 6u Idn. d i n g thdi xd cQa gid khung duyc tilp xue vdi than hodc dd vdch nguydn khii cirng vQ'ng (han c h l t i i da sy ring ndc Id. khi bj ring ndc phdi chdn kich chdc chdn. tdng cudng su- dgng chdn g l khi ndc Id Id than m i m ylu). Ngodi ra, 6k chlng xd gid. c i n thye hidn mOt so giai phdp b l sung nhu sau:
Luu mOt luyng than tam thdi d n i n Id chy (chf tidu sach than d n i n Id chy khi di chuyin gid khung vd chuyin lulng khlu).
- Su- dgng cOt thuy lyc don chlng dap theo hudng tridt tidu lye xd tdc dgng vdo gid thuy lyc. C i n luu y: lyc chlng cua cOt dap ehf du Idn 6i chlng xd md khdng thay t h i lyc tai eua cOt gid; buOc d i u cOt thuy lyc don vdi xd gid;
sau khi bom dung djch cho cOt dap xong phai bom b l sung dung djch cho cOt chlng cdc gid khung xung quanh.
- Neo giu- gid khung phia d i u Id chy vdi vi chlng cua Id thdng gid blng tdi hole paldng.
5. Mit s6 giii phip khic:
- Ldm cdc cuyc chdn than vd dd vdng dye Id chy; Idm bara so le cdch nhau 7 -i- 8 m nham che chdn dam bao an toan cho ngudi di Ipi va vpn tai than trong Id chy.
- Qud trinh thu h i i than hg t r i n (dii vdi Id chy cd ha trin than ndc) phai duyc theo d6i c i n trpng 6k xie djnh khoang cdch cdc cua thao cd chilu ddi hyp ly (3 ^ 4 m); ndn lya chpn phuong dn thu hii than ha t r i n sau 2 chu ky djch chuyin gid khung.
Tir kinh nghidm cd duyc qua khai thde 15 Id chy gi^
khung thuy lyc di dOng logi phdn t h i dp dgng cho dilu kidn gdc d i e d i n 45° tpi viing Qudng Ninh vd d i e bidt ti>
nghidn cu'u hidn trang, phdn tich nguydn nhdn gdy sy c6 sdp d l 5 Id chy dd eho phdp 6k xult mOt s l giai phdp ky thudt cdng nghp nhdm ndng cao mCrc dO an toan trong khai thac than SLP dgng gid khung thuy lyc di dOng loai phdn thi dp dgng cho Id ehy vfa die cao. Trong cdc giai phap tren day, mOt s l giai phap da duyc dp dgng trong thyc t l , song ddi khi khdng duy tri thudng xuyen, lien tgc ho|c ehua duyc chu trpng dung mirc, nen duyc nhdc lai nhim thly rd y nghTa, t i m quan trpng cua cdc giai phdp ndy 6k tich eye vd coi trpng dp dgng. MOt s l giai phdp mdi d l xult nhu- b l sung chen g l d l tang cudng s y cung vQ'ng cua noc Id, s y bu dap than, da khi thilu hgt d phln d i u Id ehy, neo giu* gia khung vdi Id cai d i u .V.V.. c i n duyc xem xet LPng dgng. O l nang cao mirc dO an toan trong khai thac than su dgng gia khung thuy lyc di dOng lopi phan t h i d 16 chy d i e , mong rang cac 6h xult tren day duoc cac nha san xuat than luu tam nghidn CLPU O'ng dgng cho phu hyp./
KHCNM S6 1/2012* CNKT HAM L 6
