m
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHENGHIEN Clfu ANH HlTCfNG CUA PHA PHOI KHI TCfl CHE DO LAM VIEC CUA DONG CO XANG KHI tfNG DUNG CHO XE HYBRID
Tom tat: Bii bdo phdn tieh stf thay ddi ehi do lim vide cua dgng ca nhigt dfnh hudng Ung dyng cho xe hybrid vd anh hudng cua pha phdi khi ddi vdi ddng ea d edc chi dg tai nhd vd vUa. Theo do mgt md hinh ddng ea xe mdy 97ce dugc xdy dtfng md phdng tren phin mim AVL Boost. Kit qud md phong cho thay khi thay ddi gdc ddng mugn xupap ngp tU20f'-i-S(P gdc quay tryc khuyu, d chi dd 4000 vg/ph, tii trgng thay ddi tU 25% -f 50%, tinh trung binh hd sd ngp dUgc cai thidn 5,5% T 6,8%, cdng suit dugc cai thign 5,6% •i-7,1%. Cdc kit qua niy cd y nghia trong vigc dinh hudng diiu chinh pha phdi khi eho ddng ca khi vgn hinh d chi dg hybrid.
Abstract: This paper studies the changes of op- erating conditions of internal combustion engines tentatively applying in hybrid vehicles and the in- fluence of valve timing on internal combustion en- gines at part-load, in accordance, a simulation model of97cc motorcycle's engine is developed on AVL Boost software. Simulated results show that, when the closing angle of Intake valve is retarded from 20 degree -f 50 degree crank angle, at engine speed of 4000 rpm, load range from 25% -f 50%, the volumetric efficiency and the engine power are im- proved 5.5% T- 6.8% and 5.6% T 7.1%, respectively.
These results are significant in adjusting valve tim- ing of the engine for hybrid operation in the future.
1 . Dgt van de
Hign nay, hai v i n d l dang thu hut dypc quan tam nhd't trdn t h i gidi la van d l d nhidm mdi trudng va egn kigt ngudn tai nguyen hoa thgeh. Chfnh phd cae qudc gia da t i l n h i n h n h i l u bidn p h i p de g i i m bdt g i n h ndng dd'n ngudn nhien lieu dau md va phat t h i i dpe hgi td c i c phUdng tien giao thdng van t i i . Xe d td hybrid (xang - didn) l i logi xe sd dyng hai ngudn ddng lyc bao gdm dpng cd xang va ddng cd di$n.
Nhd vide q u i n ly n i n g IUpng hpp ly v i vide thidt ke, dng dyng hidu q u i che dp lam vide eda dpng cd nhiet m a xe d td hybrid ed the giam thieu lupng khf t h i i , g i i m lupng nhien lieu tieu thy ma v i n dam b i o tinh nang hogt ddng eda phypng tien. Hidn nay, d nude ta cdn mdt s d lupng rat Idn eae xe d td the he cu {dung cdca'u phdi khi kieu ed khi truyen thdng) ed mdc tidu thy nhien lieu cao va phat t h i i ldn gay d nhidm mdi trUdng, dac biet ia khi ddng trong cac t h i n h phd Idn.
Trong trddng hpp n i y , de g i i m lupng tieu hao nhien
T h S . N G U Y E N VAN TUAN T S . VU NGQC KHIEM Trudng Dgi hgc Cdng nghg GTVT
PGS. T S . D A O TRQNG THANG Hgc vidn Ky thudt Qudn stf
lidu va g i i m c i e chat dde hgi trong khf t h i i thi mpt trong nhOng g i i i p h i p hidn nay la hoan c i i thinh xe hybrid. Khi dd ehe dp l i m vide eda dpng ed ntii^t cung ehuyen ddi td cac che dp cdng t i c truyen thdng sang cac che dp cda xe hybrid.
Vdi ddng cd ddt trong, khi thiet ke ehe tgo, ngifdi ta thudng tinh t o i n t h i l t ke d c h l dp djnh mdc. Vi v|y eac thdng sd lya chpn khi t h i l t k l ddng cd p h i i dim b i o sao eho hd sd ngp r\v cd g i i trj ldn n h l t dng vdi che dp tdc dp m i tai do edng s u i t dgt gia trj Idn nh^t.
Khi chuyen doi dpng cd de dng dyng cho xe hybrid phyc vy trong thanh phd, che dp hogt ddng chd yeu eda dpng cd nhiet l i ehe dp t i i trung binh. Tgi cac chd dp nay, c i e thdng s d tdi du eho dpng cd khfing cdn phu hpp.
Vi vay, de nang cao hieu q u i sd dyng dpng ccf nhidt khi c h u y i n sang dng dyng cho xe hybrid, mOl trong cac g i i i p h i p dupe lya chpn l i nghidn cdu hoan thidn pha phdi khi eda ddng ed.
2. Anh hudng cda gdc m d sdm, ddng mu^n xupap nap tdi dpng cd khi dng dung tren xe hybrid
Thdi d i l m ddng, m d xupap ngp anh hUdng rat \dn tdi qua trinh nap va tdn that cdng bdm, qua dd inh hudng den chat lupng qua trinh e h i y va cdng suit cCia ddng cd. Bdi v i y , lya chpn gdc md sdm ddng mu6n hpp ly phu hpp vdi c h l dp l i m vide eda ddng cd s§
l i m tang hd sd nap va giam tdn t h i t bdm. Khi xetinti hudng eda phu tai tdi he sd ngp eda ddng ed xing fl sd vdng quay khdng ddi [2], do vide thay ddi phy tSi dupe thye hidn b i n g each thay ddi lUdng h&n hpp n^p vao XI lanh nen khi hogt dpng d ehe dp t i i nhd va trung binh thi iyc e i n trong hd tlidng ngp tang, bQi vay h& s6 ngp cd e h i l u hudng g i i m . Vide tang trj sd gde dong mudn xupap nap se gdp p h i n c i i thidn hd sd nap khi ddng cd hogt ddng d cac e h l dd t i i nay. Tang trj s5 gdc ddng mudn xupap nap cho ddng cd nhiet khi ting dyng trdn xe hybrid cdn iam g i i m tdn t h i t edng bdm [1]. Trong ky nen khi piston tU d i l m chdt dudi di I6n d i l m chet trdn, i p s u i t trong xi lanh tang lam tdn iiao eho cdng nen tang. Khi d d , d l g i i m edng nen ta th^/c hidn tang gdc ddng mudn xupap nap. Trdn (hinhl) ta t h i y : Khi ddng mudn xupap ngp q u i trinh nen thi/cte se ngan lai va qua trinh nap se dai ra. Vi v i y , cong nen sd dung cho ky nen khi dd se giam di, phan cong ed ich dupc md rdng ra.
K H O A H O C - C O N G N G H E Tap chl GTVT 10/2012
US
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TDC Dong xupap
Hinh 1. Higu qua cua thdi diim ddng mudn xupap ngp [1]
N h u vgy, vide thay ddi pha phdi khf, m i cy t h i l i t i n g trj s d gdc ddng mudn xupap ngp se l i m tang he sd ngp Tiv, g i i m cdng n e n , kd't q u i la l i m t i n g edng suat Ng va g i i m sua't tidu hao nhien lidu gg. Day la mpt trong n h d n g c a n ed khoa hpc d l nghidn c d u hoan c i i d d n g cd nhidt khi dng dyng cho xe hybrid.
3. X a y d ^ n g m o h i n h va t i n h t o a n c h o m d t d$ng c d c u t h ^
3 . 1 . X d y d y n g m d h i n h
De kiem ehdng cho i n h hudng cda gdc ddng mudn xupap ngp tdi q u i trinh l i m vigc cda dpng cd d cae ehe dd t i i nhd v i trung binh, eac t i e g i i xay dyng md hinh ddng cd Honda Dream - ed dung tich 97cm3 va s d d y n g bd c h l h o i khi. C i c thdng sd cda dpng c d theo b i n g 3 . 1 .
Bdng 3.1. Thdng sd ky thudt cda ddng ca xe Honda Dream
L o a i dflng cd Dung tfch xilanh EJifftng kinh piston Hanh trinh piston TJ s 6 nfen C o n g suSt o f c i%i
H€ thong nhidn Ii£u Gdc ddnh liJa s d m G 6 c m d s6m xupap nap G6c d6ng mu$n xupap nap
D6ng cd 1 xilanh, diing xang 97 c m '
5 0 mm 49.5 m m 9:1
5 2 k W / 7 5 0 0 vg/ph; g^ = 283 B/kW.h
B§ c h ^ h 6 a Wil 30° TK 12°
2(?
D y a trdn d d n g c d t h y c t e , t d nhOng t h i n h phan t d cd sSn trong chUdng trinh A V L Boost, cac thdng s d ky thudt c d a d d n g c d { b i n g 3.1) ta xdy d y n g dype md hinh d d n g c d xe m a y nhu s a u :
- Dieu kien mdi trudng: Ap s u i t mdi trUdng p = 1 at; nhiet do mdi trudng t = 24,85''C.
- Lupng nhidn lieu cung cap cho mpt chu trinh tgi n = 7500 vg/ph, gg = 283 g/kW.h la: g^-t = 6,54 (mg/ct) - Luu lupng khi ngp dng vdi thdi diem 100%
budm ga la: m = 5,9976 (g/s).
Sau khi nhap sd lieu, tae g i i tien hanh ehgy md hinh de lay sd lieu. D l k i l m chdng dp tin edy eda md hinh, t i e gia ehgy md hinh tgi tde dp n = 7500 vg/ph dng vdi budm ga md 100%. Ket qua cho thd'y: cdng sud't Ne = 5,17 kW, gg = 283,2 (g/kW.h) la phd hdp vdi gia tri eda ddng ed nguyen b i n .
Bang 3.2 dUdi d i y l i k i t qua ehay mo hinh d eae ehe dp tai khac nhau khi gid nguydn gdc md sdm va dieu ChTnh gde ddng mudn cda xupap nap.
Bang 3.2. Ne, -xy, vi g^ cua ddng ca tgi toe dd 4000 vg/ph
%Tii G6cddng
mi4>n id' 3tf Af Stf 6tf
2S%
N, (kW)
1 79 182 IS3 189 1.86
(g'kWJi) 255 84 245 93 23819 233 60 23149
se%
(kW) 226 240 242 238 2.34
(g/kW.h) 218 22 213 68 205 99 202 83 209 36
75%
(kW) 241 247 249 247 243
fe/kW.h) 20694 202 7B 19935 20284 20687
T d b i n g k i t q u i ta ed dupe dd thj bieu didn mdi quan hd giOa edng s u i t , h§ s d nap vdi gdc ddng mudn xupap ngp nhu sau:
- - < ^
Goc dong mugn (do)
Hinh 3. Dd thi biiu diin quan h$ cua Ng, i^v vdi gdc ddng mudn xupap ngp tgi 25% tai
... 2 48 f 24
«——"^^
y^
' - - • • - . ' • ' ^
/ - • - N e - • - ' V
165 _ )62 S
Gdc ddng irijGn (<ib) Hinh 2. Md hinh md phdng
1. ige khf: 2. phin td cin ddng; 3. bd chi hod khi;
4. xl lanh; 5. binh tidu im Hinh 4. Dd thj biiu didn quan hg cda Ne, T\^ vdi 3.2. UTng d u n g phin m^m AVL Boost d ^ tfnh gdc ddng mugn xupap ngp tgi 50% tai cho d p n g c d xe may Honda Dream 3.3. Ddnh gid kit qud
N h a p s d lidu eho md hinh vdi cac thdng s d ban
(jgiy. • (Xem tiip trang 43)
Kni./A h v i * - U'UNU N U n b
Tgp chl GTVT 10/2012 I E
k i t q u i dien ap dau ra ludn bam theo dien i p ludi ngay c i khi dien ap ludi thay ddi hay tdc dd may ehfnh thay ddi, t h i m chi may chinh dao e h i l u quay.
- C i c mgeh trong hd thdng deu l i c i c mgeh lien tyc ndn kd't q u i didn ap ra cda m i y phat hoan toan l i i n tyc va se ed dang sin e h u i n .
4. Kdt l u ^ n
Bai bao da tdng ket va phan tfch c i c cau true hd thdng phat didn ddng true kinh dien va hidn dai, ndu ro uu, nhupc d i l m c i c md hinh c l u true, tren eP sd dd cd t h i lya chpn eau true md hinh phd hpp vdi d i l u kidn kinh te va ydu d u ky thugt. Ngoai ra, b i i b i o eung d l x u l t dUpc mpt cau true md hinh he thdng phat dien d d n g trye s d d y n g m i y dien di bp nguon kep trdn cd sd phUdng phap ddng dgng mach e i m dng rotor, vdi phUdng an de xuat da khac phye dUde n h i l u han c h l c d a eac hd thdng trude day nhu tfn didn ap dau ra m i y p h i t ehua sin ehuan hay dd bam didn i p iudi c d a may p h i t chua eao...
Tuy nhidn, md hinh sd dung m i y dien dj bp ngudn kdp vdi phUdng phap d y a tren tin hieu dong dgng mgeh rotor mdi ddng lai 6 bude d l x u l t , v i n d l md hinh h d a va ky thugt xay dUng mo hinh cu the sd dypc nhdm tdc g i i nghien cdu, hoan thien va cdng bd trong thdi gian tdi •
Tai li#u t h a m k h i o
[1]. GS.TSKH Than Ngpe Hoan, TS N g u y i n T i l n Ban (2008), Tram phit vd iudi didn tiu thu}', Nha xuat b i n Khoa hpc va KT thugt.
[2]. KS.Vu Ha Viet, Tram phit dien tiu thuy vdi miy phit dSng true cung cip nang IUdng thong qua biin tin. Nghien cdu cac bo dieu khiin khi eie miy phdt lim vide song song, Lugn van thgc sy ky thudt, Dgi hpc Hang H i i , 2010.
[3]. Rolf Ottersten (2000), Vector Control of a Double- Sided PWM Converter and Induction Machine Drive, En- gineering, Chalmers University of Technology.
[4]. Pelersson, A.(2005), Analysis, Modeling and Control oj Doubly - Fed induction Geileralr for find Tl- trbine P.h.D thesis, Chalmers Unversity Technology, Goteborg, Sw^eden.
[5]. Powder management (2001),. ASI Automation- schiff- Industrie,
[6]. Anders Carlsoon (1998), The Back-to-back con- verter. Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Lund Instistute of Technology.
[7]. Cao Xuan Tuyen, Ting hgp cae thudt toin phi tuyin trdn cd sd phUdng phap Backstepping di diiu khiin mdy didn di bo nguon kep trong he thing mdy phit didn sdc gio, L u i n an t i l n sy ky thugt, 2008.
NGHIEN cufu ANH HITSNG...
(Tiip theo trang 39) Gdc ddng mudn xupap nap eda d d n g ed nguydn b i n la; (pz = 20".
T d b i n g 3.2 ta thay: Tgi c h l dp 2 5 % t i i , gdc ddng mudn xupap ngp l i <p2 = 50°; cdng s u i t Idn n h l t Ne
= 1,89 (WJ), Tiv = 0.5745, g^ = 233,60 (g/kW.h). So vdi gdc d d n g mudn xupap nap ban dau edng s u i t tdng 5,6%, hd sd ngp tang 6,8%, suat tieu hao nhien li^u g i i m 8,7%.
Tgi chd dd 5 0 % t i i , gdc ddng mudn xupap ngp la 92 = 40°; cdng s u i t Idn nhd't Ne = 2,42 (kW) ), g^ = 205,99 {g/kW.h). So vdi gdc ddng mudn xupap ngp ban d i u cdng sui't tang 7 , 1 % , he s d nap t i n g 5,5%, s u i t tidu hao nhidn lieu g i i m 5,6%.
N h g n x e t :
- d t i i nhd v i trung binh, neu gid nguydn gdc md sdm xupap ngp, thi e i n g d d n g m u d n xupap ngp lupng khf n g p v a o d d n g c d tang d i n tdi edng s u i t ddng cd t i n g va s u i t tieu hao nhidn lieu giam. N l u tdng gdc d d n g mudn vUpt q u i 40 d p , qui luat trdn b i t d i u thay d d i .
- T i i c i n g nhd neu gdc d d n g m u d n xupap ngp d n g Idn se c i n g giup cho ddng cd phat huy h i t cdng s u i t va g i i m tdi da tieu hao nhidn lieu cho ddng cd.
4. Kdt l u | n
- Khi d d n g c d nhidt dupc dng d y n g trdn xe hybrid, chd d d l i m viec ddng ed thay ddi k h i e vdi khi dng
dung tren xe d td t r u y i n thdng. 0 eae ehe dp n i y , cac thdng sd phdi khi khdng phu hpp, dpng ed l i m vide khdng p h i t huy hdt edng s u i t , nhien lieu e h i y khdng het va lam tang cae c h i t dpc hgi trong khi x i . Vide nghien cdu lUa chpn pha phdi khi phu hpp la mdt trong nhdng g i i i p h i p de h o i n thidn ddng ed khi dng dyng eho xe hybrid.
- Cd t h i Ung dyng phan m e m AVL Boost d l k h i o sat i n h hydng pha phdi khi tdi che dd l i m vigc c u a ddng cd nhigt. K i t q u i thu dUdc la dang tin eay va l i m cd sd khoa hgc de lya ehpn pha phdi khf phd hdp vdi ehd dp l i m vide cua dgng cd khi dng dyng cho xe hybird •
Tai lidu t h a m k h i o
[1]. Farzad Irani C H A L M E R S UNIVERSITY OF T E C H N O L O G Y Gaoteborg, Sweden EX049/2009
"On Dynamic Programming Technique Applied to a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle".
[2]. Liguang Li Yan Su Yunkai Wang Jianwu Tao, Min Xiao, "Development of an Electrical Control VVT System for High Speed SI Engines", Changchun, 130025, CHINA.
[3]. Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E.
Gay, Ali Emadi, Modern Electric, Hybrid Eleetrie, and Fuel Cell Vehicles. Department of Electrical and C o m - puter Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran.
[4]. A V L - L i s t G m b H . BOOST v.2009 Users Guide.
H a n s - L l s t - P l a t z 1, A - 8 0 2 0 Graz, Austria, 2009.
