KHOA HOC C 6 M 0 UOMf
niGHitm Cliu sv T H A Y o d i HIIVH T H A I , SIIMH L V ,
SIMH HdA ClIlA QUA DLTA OUEEIV TROIVG QUA TRIIVH PHAT TRlini
Tria Th| Ngpc Difp', Nguyin Thanh Hiin', Nguyin Duy Bii TtiMTAT
Sau khi xir Iy ra hon bing dit dfn, md phfln sinh chdi ngpn ciia dua Queen chuyin thinh md phan sinh hoa Giai doan tri hoa dfi dtin ra theo hinh xotln ic tif di hoa din chii ngpn ti-ong v6ng 15 ngiy. Sau dd, qui trinh phit Uiin qui di diin ra tuin tu qua 4 glal doan: Tflng trudng, Uvdng thinh, chin vi lao suy. Trong qud trinh tflng tinidng, qui dfl phfin chia vfi tflng rdng ti bflo di dot kich thi^n- tii da vfio ngfiy 124 ti^ng miia khd hofic ngfiy 130 U-ong miia mua. Tiip theo lfi su lich tp chit dinh dudng tii da tiYing giai doan uvdng thfinh sinh ly di chuin b| budc vfio qufl Uinh chin. Qufi se chin ti-ong khoing 10 ngfly (tii ngiy 130 • 140 trong miin khd hofic ngfiy 136-146 U-ong miia mua). Khi iliin. qufi dfl cd nhOng Uiay dii r» rft vi hinh Uifli, c^u UTic ti bfio, sinh ly vfi sinh hda. Kit qufi lfi qui cd mdt mfiu sic vfing sang ci phin diit vi vi qui vfi mill v) dfic Uvng h^p d£n ngudi tiiu ditng. Sau dd, qufl vflo giai doan Ifio suy vdl su phfln buy nhQng chit qui via ting hpp dr nhttng giai dofin trudc dd. Ngofii ra, thdi gian thuc hifn qui trinh phfit triin qui trong miia khd nhanh hon Uong mua mua khofing 6 ngfly. Kich thudc vi khii lupng qui ti-ong miia mua cao hon so vdi miia khd nhung nhQng hfim lupng sinh hda nhu chit khd hda tan ting cfng, axit ting, vitamin C trong miia ^ mua Ifii fliip hon khdng dflng ki. Djc bift 14 cudng dd hd hip ciia qui glim din ti-ong qui trinh chin, chiing td qui diia Queen khdng thudc nhdm qufi cd bft phfit h i hip: qui se khdng Uip tgc chin niu ttiu hojch qui bvdc thdi diira chia Do v^y. thdi diim tim hoaeh rit quan trpng ddi vdi diia Queen.
Td khda: Ananas coniosus vac coniosus. chin, dda Queen, lio suy, ting Uudng, trudng Uiinh.
LIWBAU
Li mft trong nhimg cSy ti-ong chii luc ciia tinh Tiin Giang, diia Queen vdi thuong hlfu "Khdm T i n Phudc" hifn dang dupc h-dng chuyfn canh trfn 13.000 ha tai huyfn Tin Phudc, vimg chuyfn canh ldn nhit ddng bang sdng Cuu Long. Tmh cQng cd chii tniong nhan rdng md hinh s i n xuat diia theo tieu chi VietGAP tai vimg nay. Do viy, vifc tim hiiu nhimg Uiay dii hinh Uiai, smh ly, sinh hda ciia q u i diia Queen tir khi dilu q u i den khi tivdng ttiinh vi chin da dupc tiin hanh nhim x i c dinh cic giai dojm phat triin ciia qui ti-ong mua mua v i miia khd.
Nghif n Cliu nay sf la nin ting d i xic dinh dupc ttidi diim Uiu hoaeh qui diia Queen Uiich hpp vdi nhiing muc dich tifu diing v i Uii tivdng khic nhau, gdp phan tang lpi Uii canh tranh ciia loai ti-ii ciy niy.
I. VAT im W PHUONG tm lUGKIEN CUU l.VJtUfu
Diia Queen Alexandra (Ananas coniosus (L.) Merrill hay cdn gpi li Ananas coniosus varcomosus- Hp Bromeliaceae) dupc lay miu tai cic vudn diia 2
^ Trucmg Dai hpc Quoc te, Dai hpc Quoc gia TP. HCM Trung tfim Nghien clhi vfl Phat trien Ndng nghiep Conn nghf cao o o vf e,
^Phan vi?n Co difn Ndng nghifp vi Cdng nghf Sau thu
nim hldi cua mdt hf ndng d i n - x i Phudc I4p va ciii Ndng tivdng Diia Tin LJp - x i Tin Ugi I cua huyfn Tin I4p - tinh Tiin Giang.
2. Diiu kifn sinh thii v i v i diiu kifn chim sdc cho diia Queen noi thi nghifm
a. Diiu kifn sinh thii
- Dit dai: Dit phin ho?t ddng siu (Si2).
- Khi h$u: Nhift ddi gid miia. Miia mua bit i&i tir thing 5, k i t thiic t h i n g 11 duong ljch. Miia ning til tiling 12 din tiling 4 duong Uch nim sau.
- Nhift dO: Nhtft Af> trung bmh tiong nSra li 28°C, cao nhit li ttiing 4 v i Uiip nhit vio ttiing 11.
Mua: Lupng mua tivng binh 1.000 - 1.383 m m / n i m , t|ip tnmg nhiiu vao thing 9 den ttiang 10 duong lich.
- Biic X? v i chiiu sing: Nguin ning lupng bit X? ddi dio, bmh quin 10 Kcal/cm^ v i ti-in 2.400 gii ning trong nam. S i gio n i n g binh quin 6,3 gid/ngiy, miia khd cao hon: 7 gid/ngiy.
• Thiiy vin: ngudn nudc chiu i n h hudng cia die dd bin nh^t triiu khong ddng deu cua song Vam Oi Tiy va sdng Tiin ttidng qua hf tiling cic kinh tnii:
chmh: hf tiling kfnh Ning, hf tiling sdng NguySo Vin Tiip.
66
NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 8/21^
KHOA HQC C 6 N 0 NOHJ
b. DiSu kidn chSm sdc
• Ch^ do b6n phan: 90% phSn vd c a (NPK 8-1- 20/cay/vy) k^t hgp 10% phan huu c a sinh hpc. Ngoii ra, vi$c phun thu6c tnr sau cung dugc ti^n hAnh theo qui trinh cua Ndng tnibng Dua Tan I4p n h ^ ph6ng trir b^nh r$p sip, b^nh th6i rk vk th6i nggn diia, b^nh kho h^o d4u la diia, v.v...
- H0 thdng tu6i tifeu: 100% sii dyng nu6c kfinh rach.
3. Phuong phap nghifin ciiu
40 ngay sau khi dupc xii ly ra hoa b4ng d^t dfin (CaCz), khi c6 th^ th^y dupc b ^ m^t thudng (hoa nhd lfin cao va c6 miu dd), hoa sfi dupc dinh dSiu bang cac th6 d6ng (Hinh 1). Sau d6, qud sfi dupc thu hai vdi so lupng 10 qud/dpt trong 14 -15 dpt tu ngdy 64 d^n ngay 148 sau khi xu I^ ra hoa nhu sau: 64, 76, 88, 100, 112, 118, 124, 130, 132. 134, 136, 138, 140, 142. Rifing trong miia mua, qud thu hdi thfim ngdy 144, 146 vd 148. Qud thu hdi v^ sfi du(?c phdn tich nhiing chi tifiu sinh ly, sinh hda, hinh thai cua qud.
4. NhQng chi tifiu phdn tich
- Khoi lupng tuoi cua qud (g) dupc xdc dinh ' b k g can OHAUS, CS 5000. 5000 ± 2 g.
- Hdm ^ 00 dupc tinh theo cfing thiic:
Y = ' ^ ' " ^ ' x l O O G i - G
Trong dd: Y: ham lupng am tinh flieo 100 g miu (%); Gl. khii lupng chin v i mau trudc khi siy (g); G,:
' khii lupng miu v i chin sau khi siy (g); G: khii lupng chin khdng (g).
- Thi tich q u i (cm') dupc tinh bing cich do ttli I tich nudc ti-an ra khi nhin q u i trong bmh nudc diy.
- Trpng lupng rifng cua qua (g/cm'), dupc tinh ' dieo cdng ttnic:
Trong dd: d: trpng lupng riing; m: khii lupng .qua (g); V: Uii tich q u i (cm").
- Chi s i miu sic ciia thit v i vd qua dupc danh gii qua cic chi so L, a', b* ciia miy so mau Minotal CR-
*i200. L: dp sing (0 -100); a': xanh la cay din dd (-60 'den +60); b':xanh da ti-di din ving (-60 den +60).
( - Cudng dp hd h i p qua (mgCOj/kg/gid): Qua dupc djt ti-ong binh ciia hf t h i n g do cudng dp hd
hip trong 24 gid vi do cudng df hd h i p bing phuong phip ddng khdng khi Ufn hjc d luu lupng v i nhift do xic dinh, sir dung thiit hi phin tich CO2 tu dfng Gas Data COj (Anh).
• Dd chic ttiit q u i (kg/cm^ dupc dc bing thiit bi do dd Cling Peneti-ometer FT327 (V).
- Him lupng chit khd hda tan ting ciia djch q u i (%) dupc t h i hiin qua df brix v i dupc do bing khiic X? k i (Digitid refractometer) ATAGO (NhW, Uiang do 0-32%.
- H4m lupng axit ting cua dich qui (%) dupc t h i hiin qua him lupng axit hiru co t o ^ phin v i dupc xic dinh bing phuong phip chuin do dung dich NaOH 0,1N, chi tiii miu phenolphtalein 1%.
- Him lupng vitamin C ciia dich qua (mg%) dupc xic dinh bing phuong phip chuin df vdi dung dich 2,6 diclophenol -indophenol 0,001«.
- S i Ufu dupc xu ly thing kf bing phin m i m Excel/Tool/Data analysis.
•.Kfr qui VA IHAO uiiN
Phucmg phip xii 1^ ra hoa bing dit den da dupc ndng dSn huyfn TSn PhmSrc su dung r i t phi biin va liu ddi nhim kich thich dira ra hoa cimg mpt liic tren tiing luing - khoang 40 ngay. Nhu vay, hp cd Uie kiim soit sin lupng dua timg dpt, nhim tranh hifn tupng thu hoaeh d ^t v i vifc thu hai dira se dp t i n cdng lao dpng hon vi q u i phit triin ddng lo?t h-fn nhiing luing x i l j .
Sau khi x i ly ra hpa theo phuong phip niy, md phan sinh dinh duong cua diia se chuyen thanh mo phSn sinh hoa (md phan sinh sinh due) trong vdng 30 ngay - giai doan hrpng hoa. Su chuyin mau cua la bic tir mau tring thinh mau dd va sir phit trien cua cuing hoa trong khoang 10 ngay sau d i trang hoa cd Uii d i nhin biit bing mit Uiudng (giai doan Ifn ndng) (Hinh 1). Sau dd, nhiing hoa don se bit diu nd hoa tim hiin bf tir dudi d i hoa Ifn den chdi ngpn ti-ong khoing 15 ngiy (giai doan bdng lyc bmh) (Hinh 2). Song song vdi thdi gian trd hoa tim, nhirng bp phan nhu gdc la bic, l i dai, bau noan cua hoa cung b i t dau hinh thanh phan an dupc ciia q u i (Nguyfn van Ki, 2000).
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KV 2 - THANG 8/2012 67
KHOA H Q C C O N O H G H I
Hinh 1. Tlidi di^m ddnh ddu hoa (ngdy 40 sau khi xii Ij^ ra hoa)
Sau dd, qud phdt tri^n qua nhQng giai do^n sau:
1. Giai do^n tdng tnrdng vd tmdng thdnh ciia
Hinh 2, Giai do^n nb hoa vd hinh thdnh qud
qud
Song song vdi si; trd hoa tim ldn lupt tu g<^c lfin ngpn thi nhung thdnh phdn cdu tao cua qud cQng dd tang trudng. Bdi vi khi hoa bdt ddu hfio khd vd chi cdn nhflng vdy den vdo ngdy 88, khdi lupng tuoi vd th^ tich qud dd d^t ddn mdt gid tri nhdt dinh. Sau dd, kich thudc qud, thd hifin qua cdc chi sd chi6u ddi, dudng kinh vd thd tich tdng manh ddn ngdy 112, tdng cham dan vd dat kich thudc tdi da d ngdy 124 trong mua khd va ngay 130 trong miia mua. Sau dd kich thudc qud khong thay ddi. Cdc cht sd vd khdi lupng qud (khdi lupng tuoi, hdm dm vd trpng lupng rifing) tidp tuc tdng 6 ngdy sau dd (Hinh 3).
Kich thuoc vd khdi lupng qua trong miia mua cao hon trong miia khd, cd lfi vi miia mua sfi cung cdp cho qua mdt lupng nudc ddy dii lam su tang rOng
H3.1
td bdo di£n ra hodn hdo hon. Tuy nhifin, cdc chi so sinh hda hdu nhu khdng cd si; khdc bi^t ldn, d^t gia tri trung binh nhu sau: hdm lupng chdt khd hda tao tdng 12,29%, axit tdng 0,97% vd vitamin C 38,18 mg%
(Hinh 7).
Tuong ti;, khdng cd si; khdc bifit vd mdu sdc th|t vd vd qud trong 2 miia. Cdc chi sd U a. b do trfin vd vd thit qud tdng ddn nhung chi sd a cua vd qud rat thdp vi vd vdn cdn xanh (Hinh 8).
Theo Miltra vd cdng si; (1989), khi thd tich va khdi lupng qud d^t gid tri cao nhdt qud sfi ngung tdng tnrdng. Nhu vdy ngdy 130 (miia khd) vd ngdy 136 (miia mua) sau khi xir ly ra hoa cd thd Id thdi di&n qud diia Queen ngimg tdng trudng vd b ^ ddu viio giai do^n trudng thdnh. £)d Id nhimg mdc ddnh d^
qud dd phdt tridn ddy du. tuong ung vdi su thidt ]3p mdt tr^ng thdi sinh ly mdi. ndi cdch khdc qud da trudng thdnh sinh ly vd bit ddu qud trinh chin.
i T N I I Sulha> d&i viduAngkinhqiAcknQuBM ' j ,
H3^
Su (hay <l&i vk irgng lircmg qid dua Queen
H3.3 H3.4
68
N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT T R I I N N 6 N G T H 6 N - KV 2 - THANG 8/20W ^KHOAfiic C 6 N 0 N0H>
TNI 1. Sw Ihly dSi v H i m im quA dlla Queen
MK • . - MM
H3.5 H3.6 Hinh 3. NhOng Ihay ddi Hch thudc (H3.1, H3.2, H3.3) vi khdi lupng (H3.4, H3.5, H3.6) ciia dua Queen
H4.1
Hinh 4. Cudng dd hd hip (H4.1) vi dd chic Uiit qui (H4.2) ciia dda Queen
%iy64(MKviMM) ""^'"^^f^"^ " " " ' " w T ^ " ' Ngay 124 (MK)/130 (MM) ilinh 5. Giai doan tdng trudng: ngdy 64,94, % vd 124 trong miia khd (MK); ngdy 64,100,112,130 trong mua mm
(MM) sau xu \^ ra hoa _
Ngay 130 (MK)/136 (MM) Ngiy 124
(MK3/130 (MM)
Hinh 6. Giai doan tiudng thinh: ngiy 124-130 trong mua khd (MK), ngiy 130 -136 bong mua mua (MM) sauxixl^rahoa
ONG NGHIDP VA PHAT TPICM MOMC TH6N - KY 2 - THANG 8/2012
69
KHOA HOC C O N O W 0 H >
2. Glal do9n chin cda qui
Str chin ctia qui Ii k^t qui cua mdt phdc hd nhfhig thay ddi sinh 1^, x i y ra ddc lip vM nhau do cic ho^t ddng bi^n duOng khic nhau. NhUng thay ddi hdn ngoii di nhjn bift nhu miu sic, dd chua ngpt, huong thom, dd mdm ... li do nhOng phin ung bidn duOng xiy ra bdn trong qui dudi tic ddng ciia nhOng bidn ddi shih 1^ nhu hd hip, svr sin sinh etylen vi sif Uiay ddi ti 1$ cic chit didu hda ting tnidng Uiuc vjt (Bill Trang Vi«t, 2000; Kays, 1991; Seymour vi Taylor, 1993). Khi hd hip, Mf bio qui d i sir dyng ngudn chit du trtt mi di tich trir dupc trong giai dojn tudng Uiinh dd t?o ning lupng ATP, ning lupng cin cho cic host ddng bidn dudng khic cimg xiy ra. Hoat ddng bidn dudng rO nhit Ihd hidn qua sv gia ting him lupng chit khd hda tan tdng cdng v i him lupng niy djl dinh vio ngiy 136 (trong miia khd) v i ngiy 142 (trong miia mua). Trong khi dd.
him lupng axit giim din. Do v|y, chi sd th^ hidn dp ngpt ciia qui TSS/TA gia ting v i dft g i i Irj cao nhit vio ngiy 140 trong miia khd v i ngiy 144 trong miia mua (Hinh 7).
Ddi vdi vd qui dua Queen, 3 chi sd L, a v i b ting din 43,24%, 913,73% v i 188,77% so vdi ban diu theo thit h; chi sd L, a, b, thd hidn ra bdn ngoii miu xanh din bidn mit, miu ving din xuit hidn tir hing mit dudi cimg Idn ddn diu qui, Iim qui cd miu ving sing d ^ (Hinh 8).
Bil vdl Uijt qui diia Queen, c i c cfai sd L, a, b (die bidt l i chi sd b) cOng ting din v i thit cd miu ving sing (Hinh 8, hinh 9).
Sdng Uidi, khi chin, sv phin huy vich td bio d2 diin ra do nhOng enzym polygalactiironaza, pecBii methyl estera, xenlulaza v i galactosidaza ting ho^t tinh lim do chic cua Uijt qui giim din (Hinh 4.1).
H7.4
Hinh 7. Nhiing chi Udu sinh hda: him lupng chit khd hda tan tdng (H7.1), him lupng axit tdng (H7,2).
' ' ^ ^ A ( H 7 ^ ) v i him lupng vitamin C(H7.4) cua diia Queen TNI I S K lh .yd 6 ,,e ch i5 6 L^ oqg a< to.Q ue en Sw th.y do, V* ch, . i « vd qui dum Queen
H8.1
70 N 6 N G NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 8/2012
KHOA Hpc C 6 N 0 NOHj
"
:o
-
i"'
TNI 1 Sv thay i l A i v i cht sAbvAqu&dite Queen 13 M
y"^^^ *
^ ^ .,-<^'^' '"'
—• M„ . . . . I3< m 111 IK lit III 11. Ill ••
K|tyHU>gl|,.ku
..,,.
M M 1 . > 1.1
..
S"
.,
T l . 1. Sv thay d i i v i chl sA L thil qui dda Queen
n*B n i l
,
. . . M M> Ul uo 111 I). lit 111 M Ml II. Hi H, N|liiiu,.li„ho,
'I ' » r ^
^; I
Ngayl36(MIO/142(MM) Ngay 138 (MK)/144 (MM) Ngay 140 (MK)/146 (MM) Hinh 9. Giai do^n chin: ngiy 130-140 trong miia khd (MK), ngiy 136-146 trong miia mua (MM)
sauxixl^rahoa
3. Giai dosn lio suy c i a q u i (Mai Tran Ngpc Tidng, 2001; Biii Trang Vi^t, 2000;
Lao suy Ii trang Uiii sinh 1^ sau ciing, khdng thd Kays, 1991; Nooden v i Leopold, 1988).
dao ngupc cda sir sdng cua td bio, md, co quan hay Sau khi chin hoin toin vio ngay 136 (trong CO thd, bao gdm mdt chudi phan ling sinh ly binh miia khd) va ngiy 142 (ti-ong miia mua), qua b i t ftudng dan ddn su p h i va td chuc td bao v i su chdt d i u vio giai doan lao suy vdi si; phin huy chinh
N S M C MfiUieD v / i nuATT,Mr.if,A».r~7HAM . KY 2 - T H A N G 8/2Q12
KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 MOHt
nhimg chit mi nd vita tdng hpp xong, lim him lupng chit khd hda tan tdng cdng bit diu glim, him lupng axit tdng vi him lupoig vitamin C cua dua Queen tidp tijc giim. Djc bidt li chi sd TSS/TA bit diu glim vio ngiy 142 (ti-ong miia khd), ngiy
146 (h-ong miia mua), chiing td qui di thjt sv ti-ong glal do?n lio suy (Hinh 7.3). Giai doan niy, chi sd L ciia vd vi thit qui cd xu hudng giim, thd hidn la bdn ngoii li qui cd miu ving xin vi thjt qui chin nhon (Hinh 8.1).
Hinh 10. Giai doan Iflo suy: > 142 ngiy trong miia
N.KtTLUiNQui trinh phit bidn qui diia Queen tuin ti; qua 4 giai doan khdng thd dio ngupc: Tang trudng (tir ngiy 60 - 124 ti-ong miia khd, ngiy 60 -130 hong miia mua), trudng thinh (tir ngiy 124-130 trong miia khd/ngiy 130-136 trong miia mua), chin (tir ngiy 130 - 140 trong miia khd/ngiy 136-146 trong miia mua) vi lio suy (tir ngiy 142 trong miia khd/ ngiy 148 tiong miia mua). Sir phit tridn qui trii qua nhidu sir ki6n nhu phin chia, ting rdng td bio, bidn duOng sinh ly, smh hda vi dd cudi ciuig cho mdt huong vj thom ngon, miu sic that bit mit vdi gii trj dmh duiing cao, rat tdt cho sue khde chung ta.
Kich thudc vi khdi lupng qui tipng miia mua cao hon so vdi miia khd; nhiing chi sd sinh hda nhu him lupng chit khd hda tan tdng cdng, axit tdng, vitamin C tiong miia mua 1^ thip hon nhung khdng ding kd. Sau khi ra hoa vi thinh lap qui, thdi gian ttiuc hi^n qui hinh phit bidn tiong miia khd nhanh hon ti-ong miia mua khoing 6 ngay.
Ngoai ra, qui diia Queen khdng ttiudc nhdm qui cd bpt phit ho hip vi cudng dO hd hip giim din tiong qui tiinh phit hidn. Didu niy cd nghia qui s«
khdng tidp hjc chin ndu Uiu hoaeh qui tiTjdc Uidi didm chin. Do vSy, Uidi didm Uiu hoiich rit quan tipng ddi vdi diia Queen. Qui cin dupc Uiu hii Kt sau ngiy 130 - 140 tiong miia khd kd tit ngiy xii ly ra hoa (Miia mua Uiu hoaeh qui chim hon khoang 1 tilin). Mau sic vd cOng li ehi sd Uiu hojch quan tipng khdng kdm: ndu phin phdi d Uij tiudng tiong nudc Uii ndn ttiu hii khi tit ei cic hang mit diia da
"md" vi 1 - 2 hang mit dudi ciing ehuydn miu ving.
khd;> 148 ngiy trong miia mua sau xit l^ra hoa Nghidn Cliu qui trinh phit tridn qui diia Queen li CO sd dd nhdm nghidn ciiu tidp ti^c thi,ic hidn tfai nghidm xic dinh chi sd thu hoaeh cho loai trii dy niy. Tir dd, ngudi trdng diia cd thd xic djnh dupc d$
chin cua qui dd thu Ilii dung thdi didm vi phin k)^
qui dd bin cho nhiing ddi tupng thu mua khac nhau.
IU Utu nuM mill
1. Bill Trang Vi*t (2000). Smh 1^ Oiuc v$t dai
cuong. Phin U: Phit biin. Nhi xuit bin D?i hpcQudc giaTp. Hd Chi Minh, 333 d".
2. Nguydn Vin Kd (2000). Ciy dua. Trudng Dai hpc Ndng Lim Tf. Hd Chi Minh.
3. Mai Trin Ngpc Tidng (2001). Giio trinb lao say
thuc viit Tnidng Dai hpc Qudc gia Tp. Hd Chl Minh.4. Mai Trin Ngpe Tidng (2001). GUo tiinh slab
hfc Ong trudng vi phit triin thuc v$t Trudng B?ihpc Qudc gia Tp. Hd Chi Minh.
5. Nguydn Manh Chinh, Nguydn Ding Nghia (2006). Ciy dua (khdm, thom). Nhi xuit ban Ndng nghidp.
6. Bower J. H., Jobling J. J., Patterson B. D. and Ryan D. J. (1998). A meUiod for measuring the respiration rate and respiratory quotient of detached plant tissues. In: Postharvest Biology and Techohgy
IS Elsevier. 263-270.7. D. P. Bartholomew, R. E. Paull and K G.
Rohrbach (2003). The Pineapple Botaaf.
Production and Uses ABI PubUshing, UK 72 N 6 N G NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - KY 2 - THANG 8/2012
KHOA HOC C 6 N 0 WOHt
8. Kays S. J. (1991). Postharvest physiology of measured acoustically, mechanically and manually.
perishable plant products. An avi book. Published by Horticulhiral Absbracts 2001 VoL 71 No. 7, CAB Van Nosband Remhold, NewYork. 415 p. International. 1131.
9. Lindy Coales et al. PosOiarvest diseases of 14. Py C, Lacoeuilhe J. J., Telson C. (1987). The borUculral produce. Volume 2: Tropical buit ' Ptaeapple - cultivation and uses. G. P. Maisonneuve Department of Primary Industiies. Queenland. Et Larose. France.
Vi.M.eiAaex'^.(iSi/t). Class experiment in Plant 15. Seymour G. and Taylor J. E. (1993).
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STUDY ON CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIO - BIOCHEMISTRY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUEEN PINEAPPLE FRUIT
TVan Thi Ngoc Diep, Nguyen Tlianh Hien, Nguyen Duy Due Summary
Since the floral induction treatment with CaCj to the base of Queen pineapple leaves, the differentiation of ttie apical meristem into flora] primordium happened. Then, the flowers blossomed spirally upwards along the inflorescence staUc within about 15 days. After that, the fruit development process underwent 4 continuous stages: growtti, maturity, ripening and senescence. During the growth stage, the fruit ceUs divided and enlarged vigorously to gain the fruit maximum volume at the 124^ day in the dry season or the 130^ day in the rainy season. Followed was the maturity stage with the nutrient accimiulation for the fruit Then, the fruit ripened within about 10 days (130*-140* day in the dry season or 136*-146* day in the rainy season). When ripening, there were dramatic changes on the morphology, the cell waU structure and the metabolism of the fruit As the result the fruit posed an attractive bright yellow color both in the fruit flesh and peel, a delicious taste in the fruit flesh, and a characteristic fragrance. Final stage is the senescence stage with the cell wall structure deteriotation and the hydrolysis of the fruit nutrients which had been synthesized in previous stages. In addition, the fruit development in the dry season was 6 days sooner than in the rainy season. The fiiiif s weight and volume in the rainy season were higher than those in the dry season. On the contrary, biochemical levels of total soluble solid, total acid and vitamin C in the rainy season were slightly smaller than those in the dry season. Especially, that the fruit repiration rate decreased graduafly during ripening showed that Queen pineapple fiint was a non-climateric fruit It meant the fruit would not continue to ripen if harvested before ripening stage. Therefore, harvesting time was very improtant to Queen fruit
Key words: Ananas comosus var. comosus, growth, maturity, Queen pineapple, ripening, senescence.
Ngu6i phM b i ^ : GS.TSKH. Trdn Thi T^c Ngdy n h ^ b ^ : 4/5/2012
N g ^ th6ng qua phin bi^n: 2/8/2012 Ngiy duy^t dSng: 8/8/2012
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TPIFM M A M G T H 6 N - K t 2 - THANG 8/2012 73
