^ THUC TIIN cuu uuc.
TO CHUfO CHO SINH VIEN DAI HOC SUPHAM TUDANH GIA VA DANH GIA DONG DANG KET QUA HOC TAP MON GIAO DUC HOC
THEO TIEP CAN N A N G LUC
1. Dat van de
Tu danh gid vd dinh g i i ddng dang ed vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi su phit triln cua cd nhdn trong hpe tap.
Ginh gia ddng ding la qua trinh dinh gia dUpc thyc hifn giQa cdc sinh vien (SV) trong nhdm hodc cie nhdm SV vdi nhau. Thdng qua ddnh g i i kit qui hpc t i p (KQHT) eda bdn than v i dinh gid KQHT eOa ban hpe, SV bilt each danh gid chfnh xac cac nang lye (NL) hpc t i p eda minh v i hinh thanh NL phf phan, NL thu thap v i xis If thdng tin, NL dinh gii,...
Vdi vai tro la ehd t h l tugiie, tfeh eye ddc Ilp hpc tap, ngudi hpe khdng chi tfch cyc tham gia vao khau linh hdi tri thUe, kl nang ma can 6uac tham gia vdo khdu danh gia KQHT. Trong thUc tiln day hpe, giing vien thudng thifn v l sy danh gia etia minh ma it chd;? din viic hinh thinh su ty ddnh gid vd danh gia ddng dang eua ngUdl hoe. Do do, ngudi hpc thUdng bj ddng trong dinh gii, hp it dupe tham gia vio q u i trinh danh gia nfn NL ddnh gid va ty dinh gia cdn han chl [1]. Vi vay, trong qua trinh day hpe, bin eanh dinh gid eua gidng viin can td chdc eho ngudi hpc t u ddnh gia va dinh gia ddng dSng KQHT nhim giup hp t u nhan ra dupe nhdng uu, nhupc dilm trong hpc t i p cda minh 64 sisa chQa, phdt triln vd hodn thiin eac NL hpc tap.
Trong khudn khd bai vilt, ehung tdi nfu ro each to ehde eho SV dai hoc sU pham t y dinh gii va danh gia ddng ding KQHT mdn Giao due hpc theo t i l p can NL. Qua dd, SV danh gid chinh xac cie NL nghl nghiep ctia minh trong qua trinh hpc mdn Gido due hoe va hinh thinh NL ddnh gid va t y dinh gia song song vdi vifc danh gid ctia gidng vifn.
2. Rubric - cdng cu ddnh gid trong danh gia theo tilp can NL
Gdnh gia theo t i l p can NL ddi hdi phdi eung elp nhOng minh chdng trye t i l p dua trfn cae tiiu ehi ro rang.
Hien nay, trong danh gii NL, ngudi ta thudng kit hop giQa eie tieu ehi danh gia vd cae chi bio mUc dp t h l hien cae NL thdnh mdt edng cu dinh g i i gpi Id rubric.
Rubric danh gia NL la bin t i p hpp eae tifu ehi ddnh gid ve mpt NL eu t h l va cac mUc dp thuc hifn ning lUc Qng vdl eac tifu chf nhU: kem/ylu/trung binh/kha/gidi.
Nhuvay, rubric bao gdm hai ylu td co bdn: cde tieu eht dinh gid vd cae mUe dp thye hiin, trong do cde mQc dp thudng dupe t h l hiin dudi dang thang md td hoae k i t hpp giQa thang sd va thang md t i d l md t i ehi t i l t eac mQc dp thyc hiin NL cua ngUdi hpe [2]. Rubric ddnh gid NL ed cau true chung la:
ThS. N B U Y I N T H ! THANH TRA TWim Bai hoc Su pham HA NAI
^ " ^ - ^ . ^ Q c d p Tiiu e h i ^ ^ ^ ^ Tieu chf 1 Tieu chf 2
1 (Yeu) 2 (Trung
binh] 3 (Khi) 4 (Gidi)
s ^
Cd hai loai rubric la rubric tdng hpp (holistic rubric)
#
v i rubric phan tfeh (analytic rubric) [3]: Rubric tdng hdp eho phip ddnh g i i ddng thdi t i t cd cdc tiiu chi ciia NL ma khdng di sau vdo tUng chi tilt. Nd giup giing viin ehim b i i nhanh, phu hpp vdi eac ki ddnh gia tdng kit.
Tuy nhifn, loai rubric niy khdng eung cap nhieu thdng tin phdn bdl cho gidng vifn v i SV. Rubric phdn tfch, ddnh gia tQng tiiu chf cua NL rifng biit vd xac cfinh mde dp eho tQng tifu chf. No eho phep thu thap nhilu thdng tin phdn hdi hon, ehi t i l t han thudc tCfng tiiu chf. Chfnh dilu niy giup giing viin bilt ro dilm manh, dilm ylu eda tUng SV va qua trinh tiln bp eua hp. Tuy nhiin, vife cham bai se lau hon vl phdi phan tfeh dinh gii tQng ylu td, tilfng d^c trung khie nhau trong bai ldm cda SV.
Vifc sCf dung rubric de cham d i l m ed Uu dilm li:
Cho phep eung lue ed t h l vda ddnh gli djnh tfnh, viia danh gid djnh lUpng k i t q u i thye hifn nhifm vu hpc tap cda ngudi hoc; Cho phep ddm bdo ddnh gid khieh quan va 6n dinh hon; Xde djnh rd rang hoat ddng cCia ngu6i hpc se 6ugc danh gia nhU t h l ndo vd ein d?t dupe kit qud gl; Cung d p nhufng minh ehdng v l KQHT cCia ngucfi hpe, giup hp ed nhilu thdng tin nhlt v l KQHT; Cdng cy gitip gidng vien tao su k i t ndi giQa dinh gia, phdn hdi v i day hpc, ed gia trj hUdng tdi ndng cao hifu qud cCia vifc day hpe.
Vdi nhQng Uu d i l m trfn, viec sddung rubric, nhat la rubric phln tfch d^ chlm dilm va dinh g i i nang lUc trong dinh gia KQHT mdn Giao due hpc theo tilp c$n NL vdi md td cdc mUc nang lyc ehi t i l t va eu t h l sf ed Uu t h l rat ldn d l thye hifn td chUc dinh gia ddng ding vi ty danh gid.
3. Cac budc thuc hien to chdc cho SV dai hoc sU pham tu danh gid vh danh g\A dong dSng KQHT mon Giao due hoc theo ti^p can NL
Vife td chQe cho SV t u ddnh gia va danh gia ddng ding dirpc thue hifn qua vife to ehUc eho SV xay dyng tieu chi danh gia, to chUc cho SV chlm d i l m va phdn hdi k i t qui.
3,1. To ehdc cho SVxdy dung tiiu chf ddnh gid Mae du gidng vifn la ngudi phdi thuc hifn xay dyng cdc tifu chl ddnh g i i nhung ddi vdi nhQng nhifm vu khdng qui phUe tap, giing vifn ed t h l t6 ehde cho SV CLing xdy dung cae tieu ehf ddnh g i i . Vife xdy dung tifu chf danh gid dupe t i l n hdnh trudc khi SV thue hifn cde nhifm vu danh gia NL. Qud trinh ndy gdm cac budc sau:
4 6 •KHOA HQC GlAO DUC
THUC TliNGlAO DUC ^ - Budc 1: Giing vien giao cdc b i i tdp can thyc hien
cho SV theo hlnh thUe e i nhdn hoae nhdm nghifn cQu.
- Budc 2: Yf u elu SV de xuat tieu chf danh gid thye hifn bdi t i p dupc giao sau khi nghifn cQu. NhQng tieu chl dupe SV d l xult dupe giing vifn v i ed Idp phln tfeh xem tfnh phd hpp v i khi thi. NhQng t i f u ehf ed gia trj dupe glQ lai d l sQ dung.
- Budc 3: N l u SV khdng t h l dUa ra h i t eae t i f u ehf can thilt, giing vifn gpi y t h f m nhQng tifu ehf minh d l xdy dung v i thdng nhlt vdi SV v l nhQng tieu ehi ndy.
- Budc 4: Giing vifn hodn thifn ede tieu ehf v i xly dt/ng rubric ddnh gia eda eae tieu ehf dd.
Sau khi da hoan thifn eie t i i u ehf, gidng vien thdng bdo ede tifu ehf nay vdi SV d l gidi quyet bdi tdp theo nhQng tifu chf do. Vife dua ra eie t i f u chf trUde khl thUe hifn bii tap khiln SV bilt tap trung vdo nhdng y l u td trpng tam khi ldm bai v i b i l t each lim b i i tdt nhlt.
3.2,T6chdtdtoSVch£mdiimvdphdnh6ikitqud Vife chlm d i l m vd phdn hdi k i t q u i dupe thue hifn sau khi SV thUc hifn xong eie bai t i p 6uac giao. Cie bai tip danh gid NL eda eic mdn hoc ndi ehung vd ede bdi t i p ddnh gid NL qua mdn Gido due hpc ndi rifng cd hai loai eP bdn id loai bai t i p ddi hdi ddnh gid sdn phlm va loai bai tap yf u eau dinh g i i qua trinh. Tuy tQng yf u eau cCia loai bdi t$p m i cdeh thQe t i l n hdnh cham d i l m va phdn hdi kit qud cd sU khdc bift.
Ddi vdi cdc bdi tdp yiu cdu ddnh gid sdn phdm: TrUde hit, giing vifn thu bai cda SV va cham d i l m d l bilt mde dp lim bdi. Vife chlm d i l m dupe giing vien ghi rifng chd khdng t h i hiin t r i n bdi Idm. Gidng viin se nghiin cQu 64 bilt SV Idm bdi tdt d phan ndo, nhQng t i f u chf ndo hp edn y l u v i ghi lai nhQng die d i l m dd de sddung trong qui trinh dinh g i i . Sau khi hoin tat vife cham dilm, giing viin td chdc budi trd bdi cho SV d l t y ddnh gid hodc ddnh gid ddng ding. TCiy d i l u kifn thdi gian eho phfp, gidng vifn hudng dan SV ty d i n h g i i hole ddnh gia ddng ding ho^e k i t hpp c i t u d i n h gid vdi ddnh gia ddng ding. Dd Id hlnh thdc ndo, nd eung gdm cde bude sau:
-Budc T: Gidng vifn phit bdn hUdng dan cham d i l m (rubric) d i xay dung d i n tQng SV hoae nhdm SV xem xet kT bdn rubric. Gidng vifn gidi thich e^n ke cho SV hilu v l eie mUe 6p danh gid cua tdng t i i u ehf trong rubric vd hudng din SV cdch sis dung bdn rubric do trong qud trinh cham dilm.
-Budc2: SV stJdyng bdn rubric d l so sdnh, ddi chieu bdl lam eda bdn thdn, nhdm minh hole ban khie, nhdm khie vdi cdc mQe chlm dilm.
- Budc 3: SV lua ebon mde chlm dilm mieu td tdt nhlt mde dd thyc hifn tQng t i f u chf cda bai Idm eda bdn thdn, nhdm minh bode eua ban khie, nhdm khie trong bin hudng d i n cham dilm.
- Bude 4: SV thyc hifn vife chlm dilm bai lim eua bin t h i n , nhdm minh ho|e cQa b?n khie, nhdm khdc
Do ed hai loai rubric n i n eung cd hai dang chlm:
d^ng ehIm phin tfeh vd dang chlm tong hpp. Dang chlm p h l n tfch ddng chlm cho loai njbrie phin tfch, SV chlm d i l m cho tQng tieu ehf rdi tdng hop lai thdnh mdt d i l m sd, quy dilm tdng ra d i l m 10. Loai rubric tdng hop don gidn hon vl cle t i f u chf dUpc chlm ddng thdi nfn
khdng phdi cham tUng t i i u ehf chi t i l t can cU v i o bin rubric d l ehi ra ludn mQe dd ma b i i lam dat dupe.
Khi eho SV thue hiin vife t y d i n h gid vd danh g i l ddng ding, d l SV danh gid dupe nhQng mat dupe va ehua dupe khi thye hien cdc bai tap dUpc giao, giing vifn nen xay dyng eac rubric phan tfch de viic danh gid s i kTcang v i hifu qua hon.
- Budc 5: Gidng vifn hudng dan SV ghi nhln xet v l uu d i l m vd nhupc d i l m cua bdn than, eda nhdm minh hodc ban khde, nhdm khdc xudng eudi bii. SVdua vdo sU miiu td eac mUc dd Idm bai trong bin hudng dan chlm d i l m d l chi ra d i l m manh vd d i l m y l u trong bal ldm.
Vife lam ndy gidp SV khic phuc cdc dilm ylu, phat huy uu d i l m d l hpc tap t i l n bp hOn.
- Budc 6: Gidng vien trao ddi vdi cd nhln hoac cde nhdm SVve bii kilm tra da Idm.
Mac du SV dd thUc hifn ty danh gid hoae ddnh gid ddng ding bdi Idm eua minh theo bin rubric da d l ra nhung khdng phdi SV hay nhdm SV nao eung hilu rd vd nhdn ra duoc Uu, nhupe dilm cda minh. VI vdy, gidng vifn can dinh thdi gian trao ddi 64 thiy duoc nhdng Uu dilm vd han c h l trong bai lam kjp thdi dilu ehinh phu hpp.
TrUde khi t i l n hdnh trao ddi, gidng vifn yf u eau SV hodc cae nhdm SV nfu rd nhQng Uu, nhupc dilm d bdi l i m ma hp dd ghi l^i sau khi t y ddnh gid hodc duoc cdc ban khac nhan xit. Sau dd, cdn cQ vao phln cham d i l m ciia minh trUde dd, giang vifn khing dlnh lai hoac d i l u chinh nhQng uu, nhupe d i l m m i SV da 64 ra. Trfn co sd SV d l nhln ra ro nhutig khuylt d i l m cda b i n t h i n hole ctia nhdm minh, giing vifn y i u c l u SV d l xuat cieh sQa chQa nhupe d i l m de eii thifn bai lam eho tdt hPn. NhU vay, thdng qua vife trao doi trUe t i l p vdi giing vien, SV khdng chi nhan rd nhQng Uu, nhupc d i l m trong qua trinh Idm bdi md cdn bilt cdch thUe 64 sda chQa nhQng sai sdt trong b i i ldm eda minh, tQ dd giup h1nh thanh vd phit triln eie NL tdt hOn.
Tuy nhQng budi trao ddi ndy c i n nhilu thdi gian nhung chung ddng vai trd quylt dinh l i m tang hifu qud hpe t i p vd phdt huy t i l m nang etia ddnh gia NL.
Budi trao ddi khdng ehi tap trung danh gid nhdng bdi Idm cQa SV m i cdn giup SV tdng eUdng khd ndng t u danh gia.
Odi vdi cde bdl tap yiu cdu ddnh gid qud trinh Idm viic. Vifc td chdc cho SV chlm d i l m va phdn hdi kit q u i cd mpt sd d i l m khae bift so vdi dinh g i i sdn phlm.
Sau khi giing vifn giao nhifm vu cho SV va cho thdi gian ehuan bj thi SV b i t d i u trinh difn vife thUc hifn nhifm vy, ehing ban nhU gidng bii trUde Idp, xQ If tinh hudng,... Gidng vifn td chtJe eho SV ty ddnh gii vd danh gid ddng ding.
- Budc 1: Gidng vifn phit bdn rubric dd xay dyng d i n tU SV hodc nhdm SV trude khi hp tien hanh qud trinh thyc h i i n nhifm vy. Giing vifn y f u cau SV nghiin eQu b i n rubric v i g i i i thieh ein ke cho hp hilu v l cdc mde dp d i n h g i i eua tQng tifu ehf trong rubric vd hudng dan SV eieh sQ dung bdn rubric trong q u i trinh chlm d i l m .
- BUdc 2: Trong khi mdt SV hay mdt nhdm SV trinh dien phln t h l hifn nhifm vu eda minh trUde ldp, cdc SV hole nhdm SV khde sQ dung bin rubric theo ddi qud trinh the hiin nhifm vu eua hp rdi lua chpn mQc chlm
SlJIZO- G 9/2015 • 4 7
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d i l m md td phu hpp nhat vdi viec thye hien nhiem vu va chlm d i l m .
- Budc 3: SV hoae nhdm SV trinh dien vife thyc hifn nhiem vu xong cung tU dlnh gia va cham diem vife l i m cua minh.
- Bude 4: Giang vien yeu c l u cae SV chi ra cac uu, nhupe d i l m ciia ban, nhdm ban eung nhU t y chf ra Uu, nhupc dilm cCia minh.
- Bude 5: ThUc hifn vife trao doi giQa giing vifn vd SV. Gidng vien y i u c l u cdc SV hoac nhdm SV nfu Ifn nhQng Uu, nhupc d i l m cua SV hoac nhdm SV vQa trinh difn nhiim vu vd cdeh khic phuc nhQng nhupc diem dd.
Sau dd, nhdm SV thye hifn trinh dien eung tU neu Uu, nhupc diem vd de xuat cdch khic phye nhQng thieu sdt eho b i n than hoae nhdm minh. Cudi eung, giing vifn 64 xult 'j/ kiln nhln xet, khing djnh nhQng diem ddng vd dieu ehinh nhQng y l u td ehua dung d l SV rut kinh nghifm.
4. Ket luan
Vife td ehde eho SV t y danh gil vd danh gid ddng ding giup SV hpe tap ehd ddng, dinh gia dupe dung hPn eie NL b i n than qua dd biet each dieu ehinh vife Idm bdi va hpe tap cda minh. Gay la mdt trong nhQng y l u td t i e ddng manh va rd nhat d i n thanh tfeh hpe tap ctia hp. Id dilu kien quan trpng 64 SV dat thanh tfch cao trong hpe tap mdn Giao due hpc. Vifc ty dinh gia va ddnh gid ddng ding k i t qud hoc tap etia SV dai hoe sU pham trong qua trinh day hpe mdn Giio due hpe cang
cd hifu qud eao hon khi k i t hpp vdi dinh g i l cda gidng viin. bleu ndy t h l hifn rd vai trd chd dao cOa giing vifn va vai trd tU gidc, tieh cUc, ehu ddng cOa SV trong danh gii, nhd dd giup nang cao chat lupng ddnh gid vd hiiu q u i ciia mdn hpc
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
[1]. NguylnThjThanhTri, (2011), ryddnh gid ;tet qud hpc tdp cua ngudi hoc: Yiu t6 cdn thiet gdp phdn ndng cao chdtlugng day hpc. Tap ehf Gido due, sd 267, tr.23 - 25.
[2]. Airasian, R W, (2005), Classroom assessment concepts and applications (S"' edition), McGraw - Hill Higher Education, USA.
[3]. Nitko, A. J & Brookhart, S.M, (2007), Educational Assessment of Students, 5* Ed, Pearson Education, Ine, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Merrill Prentice Hall.
SUMMARY
The author proposes organizational process for students self-assess and peer review learning outcomes in Pedagogy subject towards competence, helps students realize their learning strong point and weak point, and know how to correct these shortcomings in order to improve their learning and form self-assessment competence in subjects Keywords: Self-assessment; peer review;competence- based assessment.
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DAY HOC KHOA HOC QUA KHAM PHA..
(Tiip theo trang 39) Cde hoat dong cCia GV vd HS trong hpe tap khoa hpequa khim pha cho thay kT ning, NL HS duoc hinh thdnh vd phdt triln qua phUOng phap nay. Cie hoat ddng nay dupe tdng k i t trong bdng 2.
6 mdi giai doan cda q u i trinh trong md hinh 5E, HS dupc tham gia true t i l p vao eie q u i trinh hoat ddng, dupe t u duy, hanh ddng, rin luyfn cic kT nang tQ dPn gidn nhu nghe, ndi, dpc, vilt, l i m viee nhdm den cdc ki nang quan sdt cd muc dfeh, tU duy d l so sanh, phan tieh tong hpp, eae kT ning thye hinh thf nghifm va kT ndng danh gid, t y ddnh gid,... Cae ki nang niy dupe hinh thanh, phit triln trong ei q u i trinh se Idm n l n tdng cho vifc hlnh thdnh v i phit triln cae NL giao t i l p , hpp tde, NL sd dung ngdn ngQ khoa hoc, tU duy phf phan, t u duy sdng tao, NL gidi quylt van d l trong khoa hpc cung nhU trong ddi song,... Id nhiJmg NL can t h i l t vdi mdi edng d i n trong thdi dai mdi.
3. Kit luan
Chung ta da thay rd nhQng Uu dilm eda PPDH khoa hpc qua khdm phd vdi sU hinh thanh vd phdt triln NL HS.
Vl t h l , phuong phap IBSE trong DH eie mdn khoa hoc mudn phit huy dupe hieu qud tdt c i n thay ddi mdt sd yeu td nhU: Cdch sip sip va td ehUe ehuong trinh, ndi dung chUPng trinh (can ed cdc npi dung lifn quan d i n sy hQng thii cda HS va eude song hdng ngay), eac PPDH khoa hpc, vifc sis dung eac dang bai danh gia. Khl ed dupe cle dilu kifn phu hop, phuong phdp nay se giup dat dupe muc tieu eua chuong trinh giao due pho thdng
mdi - phit triln NL HS.
TAILI£UTHAMKHAO
tl]. Dewey, J, (1997), Hot* We Think, New York:
Dover Publications.
[2]. Vygotsky, L.S., (1962), Thought and Language.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
[3]. Bachtold, Manuel, (2013), What do students
"construct" according to constructivism in science education?, Research in Science Education 43: 2477-96. doi: 10.1007/
sl 1165-013-93697, Retrieved 11 October 2014.
[4]. National Research Council, (2000), Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards: A Guide for Teaching and Learning, Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
[5]. Dr. Koay Suan See, (2015), Principles &
Characteristics of IBSE.
[6]. Phung Dinh Dung, (2010), Dgy vd hpe tich cUC theo md hinh 5E.
SUMMARY
Teaching science through discovery is a useful method to support the formation and development of student's competence. Teaching science through discovery aimed at forming and developing necessary competencies in the new era such as: communication, collaboration use ofseientific language, critical thinking, creative thinking, solve scientifie and daily Ufe problems.
Keywords: Cientifie teaching; competence; students 48 •KHOA HOC BlAO DUC
