KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H I
V A I T R O CLIA CHE PHLI D A T
B A I V GTHAIVI THUC V A T DEIM IMAIVG S U A T CAY CAO S U , CA P H E V A P U Y T O
TiiMH IMGH£ AIV
Nguyen Vin PhudngS Ding Thj Lan^
T6MTAT
Che phOi dat la bien phap quan b-gng nhdt. da dung va li n^n tang giup cho vi^c quan ly vi sii dung dat b^n vung. Co thi ehe phu dat bang ni I6ng bay tham thuc vit sdng. cic chit huu co sin c6 nhu: tin du thuc vat de bao v$ va cai tao dat. Che phu ddt bing tin du thuc vit ba mia. ram r?. c6. la kh6 c6 tic dung r6 r^t d^n ham lugng cac chdt dinh du6ng tiong ddt. lam tang ding k^ ham lugng chit huu ca trong ddt nhu ham lugng chat huu ca. dam. lin. kali tdng sd cQng nhu dk U^u frong ddt. dong thbi c6 tic dung giu dm cho ddt cao ban. nhat la b-ong tii6i ky ning n6ng vi h?in keo dii tiung binh tir 20,19-54.27%; lim giam ding k^ nhi^t do cua dat bi 2,51-6,4''C ngoai ra ehe phu ddt ban cb^ khdi lugng co dai 73.67-97.65% so v6i ddi chiing Ai tu nhien. nha do ma mit dp t^ bao vi sinb vit (VSV) trong d§lt; dSc bi^t cac t^ bao vi sinh vit tdng sd. vi sinh vat phan giai lan. vi sinh vat cd dinh nita. xenlul^ trong do tot nbSit la eong thiic tii bing ba mia a tr^n ca ba loai cay b-ong. Che phu ddt bing tin du thuc vit la da lam tang nang suat cay trong 6.1-21.7%. Ri6ng ddi vai cay ca phe viec bi gdc c6n lim tang chdt lugng ci ph^. cu th^ khdi lugng 100 nhan cao ban CT ddi chiing 20-28%
(CO ehe tli PlOO nhan dat 9,45 gam. d/c P 100 nhan 7.38 gam).
Tir kh6a: Che phu dat, tan du thuc v$t, bS mia, cao su, cd phd, quyt; ti'nh chit ly, hoa hpc da't; dat do bazan.
LBATVANDE
Ning suit cua mgt sd ciy trdng chinh d Bic Tmng bg nhu cam, c i phd.... dang cd chieu hudng giam Slit nghidm trgng, nhieu didn tich phai buy bd de thay the ciy khic. Mgt trong nhung nguydn nhin ndi trdn phai ke den trude het l i ddt trdng ngiy mdt kem di e i ve mat Iy tinh v i h o i tinh. Trong qui trinh canh tic liu dii thudng doc canh, nhidu chu ky trdng cam, c i phd, mia.... ndi tiep, ddt khong dugc cai tao, bdi duong. D i cd khdng it didn tich ddt bazan canh tic khdng cd hidu qua, ke ca ciy liu nim v i ciy ngin ngiy. Vi viy vide nghidn ciiu v i i p dung bidn phip ehe phu ddt cho ciy trdng la mgt trong nhiing bidn phip ky thuat canh tic hgp ly nhim ning cao dd phi nhidu eho ddt, ddng thdi nang cao hidu qua kinh td cho san xudt, gdp phan phit tridn mgt ndn nong nghidp ben virng d trung du v i midn mii cic tinh Bic Trung bd cua nudc ta.
IL VAT UBi NGHIEN CUU
Cac loai vat lidu ehe phii gdm: Tan du thuc vit nhu ba mia, rom, ra, la cao su, la mia, thin la diu dd, cd dai, ciy phin xanh, v.v...
- Ddt dd bazan d cac do ddc vdi cac miic dd thoii hoi khic nhau va dd ddc k h i c nhau.
' Trung tam Nghien curu Cay in qua va Cay eong nghifp Phii Quy
- Dia diem nghidn ciiu: Tai phudng Quang Tidn, thi x i Thii Hoi, tinh Nghd An.
I . PHUUNG PHAP NGHEN CUU
Thdi gian bd tri cic thi nghidm theo khdi ngiu nhidn hoin chinh, mdi thi nghidm cd ba eong tinic, mdi eong thiie bd tri 3 Ian nhic lai.
-Thinghi$ml: Vudn dy cao su
+ Cong tinic 1: Cao su tii gdc bing b i mia.
+ Cdng thiic 2: Cao su tii gdc bing cd Ii ciy.
+ Cong thiic 3: (ddi chiing): Khdng tii gdc.
Vudn ciy cao su kinh doanh 8 nim tudi.
-Thinghi$m2: Vudn ciy ci phd
+ Cong tinic 1: Ci phd tii gdc bing b i mia.
+ Cong thuc 2: Ci phd tii gdc bing cd Ii ciy.
+ Cdng thiic 3: (ddi chiing): Khong tii gdc.
Vudn ciy c i phd kinh doanh 10 nim tudi.
-Thinghidm 3: Vudn ciy QuftPQl + Cdng thiic 1: Quyt tii gdc bing ba mia.
+ C6ng thiic 2: Quyt tii gdc bing cd kho, l i khd.
+ Cdng thiic 3 (ddi chiing): Khdng tii gdc.
Vudn quyt kmh doanh 4 nim tudi.
- Quy trinh chim sdc dugc ip dung theo quy trinh da duoc Bd NN&PTNT ban hanh.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 2/2012
61
KHOA H p c C 6 N G N G H l
- Cie chdt bi ehe phii ddt phii dam bao ehe kin bd thing 7, thing 8, thing 9; lugng bde hoi thdp 74;
mit ddt tir gdc ciy den mdp chidu tin ciy. mm, 731,67 mm. Nim 2010 lugng mua dat thdp hoi Thdi gian bd tri tiii nghidm tiling 1 nim 2009 (1642,5 mm) vi lugng bde hoi cao hon nim 2009 vi ddn nim 2011. 2011 (884,30 mm). Khi hiu tiidi tid't ti'dn da anl
Sd lidu dugc tdng hgp vi xur ly thdng kd sinh hudng rdt Idn ddn ddn qui trinh sinh trudng ciia di hgc sii dung phin mdm vi tinh thong dung Mcrosoft loai ciy trdng vi die bidt li lugng mua ldn tap trm^
Excel, Minitab 14.2, IRRISTAT... giy ndn hidn tugng xdi mdn, riia trdi ddt ndu chiinj
* Chi tidu nghidn ciiu ta canh tic khdng hgp Iy.
Mdt sd die didm vit Iy ddt; mdt sd die didm hoi hgc ddt; dinh gii kha ning phuc hdi ciia ddt.
- Cic ydu td smh trudng vi cdu thinh ning suit, chdt lugng ciy trdng chinh trong thi nghidm.
Dinh gii hidu qui kinh td ciia cie loai ciy trdng.
* Chi tidu dinh gii ddt:
Phin tich dd dm ddt, Idy djnh ky 30 ngiy mdt Ian; xic dinh dung trgng bing xi lanh; xic dinh ty trgng bing binh picnomet.
- Phan tich cac tinh chat hoa hpc cua dat;
pH do tren may pH meter; chit hiiu co % tiieo Tiurin; N% theo Kjeldal; P205% theo miy so miu quang didn; K20% quang kd nggn lua.
Ldy mau ddt theo cic tang canh tic d do siu Idy miu: 0 - 3 0 em, lay mau ddt hdn hgp d tang ddt mit de phin tich cic chi tidu nong hoa.
•.KET QUA THAU LUAN
L Ydu td thdi ti^t, khi hiu
Theo doi cac yeu td thdi tidt khi hiu ciia viing Phu Quy tir nim 2009 - 2011 cho tiidy: Nhidt dg binh quin bien ddng tir 23,55"C d nim 2011 ddn 24,63''C d nam 2010. Khoang cich giua 2 dgt mua dii nhdt bidn dgng Idn 11 20 ngiy. Nim 2009, nim 2011, \u<yng mua ldn (2210,00 mm, 1959,10 mm) tip tiling vio
Bing 1: Mdt sd y^u td khi hiu thdi ti^t viing Phu Qu^
(Sdlidu khihrpng Tr^m Khi tirong Tiy Hidu)
Y^u td khi hiu Nhiet do tmng binh ("c) AmdOkh6ngkbi(%) Khoing each giCra hai dgt mua dii nhdt (ngiy) Sd ngay mua/nam (ngay) Tdng lugng mua/nam (mm)
Lugng boc hoi/nam (mm)
Nam 2009 24,76 83,91 20.00 126,00 2210.00
742.00
Nam 2010 24.63 82.20 11.00 137.00 1642.50 884.30
Tl-TlO nam 201:
23,55 84.00 15.00 129,00 1959,10
731.67
500 400 300 200 100 0
ill ill ill ill in rd
fl
Mil
J LJ U Id 1• Thing
• Nhvl do TB(oC) a AindQ ' KK (•/.)
Q Lugng mua (mm)
• Luong b6c hoi (mm) 9 to II 12 -
Bi^u ddl: Mdt sdy^utd khi hiu thdi ti^t | vung Phu Qu^
2. Tic dOng cua ehe phu ddt d^n ning cao dO miu m& trong ddt
Kdt qua phan tich d bang 2 kdt hgp vdi thang danh gii cho thdy:
Bing 2: K^t qui phin tich cic chi tidu hoi tinh ddt
Cay trong diinh Vuem quyt PQl
t
Vudn cao su Vu6nci
phd
C6ng thuc CTl CT2 CT3 CTl CT2 CT3
cn
CT2 CT3PHH3
5,0 5.2 5,2 4,2 4,0 4.2 6,5 6,0 4,4
OM, 2,41 2,57 2,25 2,89 2,89 2,81 3,05 3,05 2,73
Nts, OS) 0,09 0,09 0,09 0,09 0,09 0,09 0,10 0,09 0.09
Ntp (mgN/ioOg)
14,01 11,21 9.81 11.21
9.81 9,81 9,81 11,21
8,41
Pdt (mg P205/100g)
7,036 10,865 11,045 5,753 8,520 9,542 82,069 76,156 6,234
Kdt (mgN K20/10Qg)
31,26 94,63 76,23 23,31 24,85 24,85 23,31 34,63 29,61
Pts, (?6P205)
0,450 0,405 0,471 0,422 0,351 0,389 0,532 0,515 0,434
Kls, (%K20) 0,372 0,614 0,532 0,114 0,108 0,114 0,083 0,089 0,095
Mg* 1 C^
mg/lOQg 0,65 0,95 1,12 1,17 1,18 0,18 0,13 0,41 0,21
1,46 2,68 5,50 5,86 5,65 2,46 2,38 3,50 2,49
Ghi chu: + Cdng tiiue 1: Tu gdc bing bamia; -h Cdng tiiuc 2: Td gdc bing co Ii eay;
+ Cdng thuc 3 (ddi chung): Khdng tii gdc
62
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 2/2012
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
Gia tri PHKCI: dao dgng bi miic chua nhidu ddn it chua (tii 4 den 6,5), gii tri trung binh li 4,96 d miic chua; giua cac eong thuc khong cd su chenh lenh nhieu. Tuy nhien. cd the thay d thi nghidm ddi vdi cay ca phe: miu dat cd PHKCI eao nhat li CTl- Ci phd tu ba mia PHKCI, (6.5) tiep den la CT2 c i phd tii li kho (6.0), thap nhat li CT3 ca phe khong dugc ehe tu (4,4). Chiing td vide ehe tii da cd tic dung phan nao lam giam do chua ciia dat dd bazan.
Ham lugng chat huu co: Him lugng chat hiru CO dao dgng tir 2,41% dd'n 3.21% (Tir miic trung binh
Bing 3 : Mdt sd kdt qui phin
ddn muc khi). him lugng chat huu co trung binh dat gii h-i 2.78% (d miic tmng binh). Q cac eong thiic trdng quyt va c i phd thi su ehe tii cd tic dung ro ret, ham lugng chdt bun co ddu tang ro rdt so vdi eong thiic ddi chiing.
Cu thd: d mo hinh trdng quyt cd ehe tii ba mia ham lugng chdt huu co dat 2,41%, tii li kho 2,57%, trong khi d eong thuc ddi chiing chi dat 2,25%. 6 mo hinh trdng c i phd him lugng chat huu co d eong thiic cd ehe tii b i mia vi cd kho dat 3,05%, trong khi dd d khong ehe tii li 2,73%.
tich Iy tinh ddt nim 2009 v i 2010 Loai cay
Cao su
Ciphd
Quyt
Cong thii'c
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Dung trgng (gam/cm^) T3/2009
1.20 1.18 1.20 1,19 1,14 1,21 1,18 1,20 1,17
T l 1/2010 1,15 1,18 1,19 1,16 1,20 1,21 1,16 1,19 1,20
Ty trgng (gam/cm^) T3/2009
2,58 2.57 2,58 2.58 2.45 2,54 2.57 2,59 2,68
T l 1/2010 2,6 2.65 2,61 2,63 2,64 2,6 2,64 2,61 2,63
Do xdp(%) T3/2009
53,49 54,09 53,49 53,88 53,47 52,36 54,09 53,67 56.34
Tl 1/2010 55.77 55.47 54.41 55,89 54.55 53,46 56,06 54.41 54.37 Giii dm: + Cong tiitrc 1: Tii gdc bdng bd mia; + Cong
+ Cong tliuc 3 (ddi chiing): Khdng tic gdc
Ham lugng dam tdng sd: dao dgng bi 0,09 den 0,10%, trung binh li 0,09%, dao dgng d miic trung binh. Him lugng dam tdng sd cao nhdt li d mo hinh ca phd; CTl tii b i mia dat 0,10%.
Him lugng dam thuy phin: dao dgng trong khoang 8,41 den 14,01 mg/100 g ddt, trung binh l i 10,58 mg/lOOg dat, d miic cao. Cd the nhin thdy him lugng dam thuy phin d cic eong tinic cd ehe bi trdn ca 3 loai ciy trdng deu cao hon CT ddi chiing, cao nhat li d eong thiic trdng quyt cd ehe tii b i nu'a 14,01 mg/100 g ddt, tiep den li d ddt trdng cao su cd che,bi ba mia vi ci phd tii Ii kho Ii 11,21 mg/lOOg ddt.
Ham lugng lin dd tidu: Cd su bidn ddng Idn giua cic eong thiic, dao dgng tir 5,753 den 82,69 mg/lOOg dat (d miic thdp den miic cao), trung binh dat 24,13 mg/lOOg ddt (d miic cao). Him lugng lin dd tidu die bidt cao ddi vdi ciy c i phd d cic eong thiic cd tii b i mia (82,99 mg/lOO g ddt) vi bi li kho (76,156 mg/lOOg ddt).
Him luong K dd tidu: dao dgng trong khoing tii 23,31 mg/lOOg ddt dd'n 94,63 mg/lOOgddt, tinng binh 40,29 mg/lOOg ddt (dmiic cao).
thirc 2: Tu gdc bdng cd Id cdy;
Him lugng lin tdng sd: dao dgng tir 0,405 mg/lOOg ddt den 0,532 mg/lOOg dat, tiling binh 0,44 mg/lOOg ddt.
Nhu viy su ehe tii cd tic dung ro ret den him lugng cic chdt dinh duong trong ddt, tang dang ke him lugng chdt hiin co, tii dd lim ting him lugng dam, lin, kali tdng sd ciing nhu dd tidu trong dat.
Sd Udu d bang 4 cho thdy trong tdt ci cac thi nghidm, ddt dugc ehe phii deu cd am do cao hon, nhdt li trong thdi ky ban keo dii, trung bmh tir 20,19-54,27%. Ly do li nudc do mao din dua ldn mat ddt du(x: \bp ehe phii bao vd khdi bde hoi do tic dgng ciia nhidt do vi gid. Ket qui niy cung phii hgp vdi nhiing nghidn ciiu cua Boulakia (CIRAD, 2003).
Ong da khing dinh rang vide trdng xen cd diu Stylo vi cd Ruzi vdi c i phe sd giim ducyc hai lan tudi trong mua kho d Tiy Nguydn. Ngoii tic dung giii am cho ddt thi ehe tii li mdt bidn phip rdt cd tic dung nham lim giam ding ke nhidt do ciia ddt 2,51-6,40°C, tir dd tao dieu kidn thuan lgi cho ciy trdng sinh trudng vi phit trien thuan lgi trong dieu kidn mua he. Ddng
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 THANG 2/2012
^63
KHOA H9C
C 6 N GNGHl
thdi cd tic dung giam sd lin tudi nudc trdn vudn ciy, tir dd gdp phin ting hidu q u i kinh td.
Bing 4: T i c dijing ehe phii ddt ddn v i ^ giCr dm cho ddt, didu hda nhipt trong ddt trong mua hd Chi tidu
theo d5i AmdgTB
(%)
Nhidt dg
Ce)
Cong thirc thi nghidm
TB So D/c (%)
TB So D/c
Cao su CTl
28,59 37,48 29,30 3,45
CT2 24,99 20,19 30,24 2,51
CT3 20,79 32,75
C i p h d CTl
28,21 39,30 31,90 3,73
CT2 24,75 22,18 32,63 3,00
CT3 20,25 35,63
Quyt PQ]
CTl 30,22 54,27 32,31 6,40
CT2 25,98 32,66 35,02 3,59
CT3 19,59 38,71
Ghi chu: + Cdng tiidc 1: TO gdc bing bi mia; + Cdng tiiuc 2: Tu gdc bing eo li ciy;
+ Cdng tilde 3 (ddi ehung): Khdng tii gdc
CT 1 2 3 CV,%
LSDoc^
Bing 5: Khdi lugng cd d^
Vudn c i phd 87,67 514,17
1953
Giim so vdi d/c (%)
95,51 73,67
dr cic cdng Vudn cao
su 99,33
785 4231,8
thuc thi nghidm Giim so v(A
d/c (%) 97,65 81,45
GDon vi tinh:
Vudn quyt PQl
975 1193,2 8808,2
kg/ha)
Giim so vdi d/c
(%)
88,93 86,45 118,056
0,05232
Ghi chu: + Cdng thuc 1: Tu gdc bing bi mia; + Cdng th uc 2: Tu gdc bing cd li ciy;
+ Cdng thuc 3 (ddi chirng): Khdng tu gdc
Ket qua d bang 5 cho ta tiidy sii dung chdt til cd giam dugc 73,67-97,65% so vdi ddi chiing. Q cic eong tic dung lim giim khdi lugng cd dai mgt cich ding thiic tii bing b i mia, rom ra cd khd cd xudt hidn o ke. Trong dd CT3 khdng ehe tii dat ndn cd khdi lugng miic do rdt it (tiling 1-tiiing 7), sau dd ting dan tii cd dai rdt Idn (1953 - 8808,16 kg/ha), cdn CTl v i CT2 thing 8 - tiling 12, nhd viy, d i lim giam dugc chi phi do dug'c ehe tii b i mia v i cd kho ndn khdi lugng cd lim cd, tudi nudc cho vudn cay.
Bang 6 :Kdt q u i x i c djnh m i t dd t^ bio vi sinh \%t nim 2010
(Kdt q u i phin tich cua Ti^n Thd nhuOng N6ng hda)
Cong thiic Vkts
Xa khuan
TS
NdmTS VSV PGP VSV CDN
Vi khudn PG xenlulo
Xa khuan PG xenlulo Vu6n quyt
PQl
cn
3,2 xlO' 1,1x10' 2,6x10^ 5,2 xlO' 2.6x10^ 4,4x10* 1,4x10'CT2 1.6x10' 6.9x10* 3,8x10^ 4,1 xlO' 3,9x10^ 5,1 x 10" 2,8x10' CT3 3,6x10* 3.1 xlO* 1,3x10° 2,6 XlO' 1,3 x 10* 2,2x10* 1.9x10*
Vudn cao su kinh doanh
cn
3,8x10' 4,3 xlO* 2,7x10' 7,1 xlO' 8,4x10* 9,4x10* 7,1 x 10*CT2 8,7x10* 4.2x10* 1,6x10* 2,0x10* 4,2x10* 6,7x10* 6,6x10*
CT3 7,3x10* 3.1 xlO* 1,2x10* 1,5x10* 3,4x10* 5,6x10* 3,3x10*
CTl 4,1 xlO' 5,9x10* 3,0x10* 8,2x10*
Vuon ca phd
2,9x10* 3,7x10* 6,1x10*
CT2 3,8x10' 2,8xl(f 2,3x10* 7,9x10* 2,2x10* 3,0x10* 4,3x10*
CT3 4,5x10* 1,5x10* 1,9x10* 1,1 X 10* 5,4x10* 2,1x10* 1,3x10*
Ghi chu: + Cdng thuc 1: Td goc bing bi mia; cdng thuc 2: Tu gdc bing co la ciy, eong tiiue 3: (Si chung): Khong tii gdc
Qua bang phin tich trdn (bang 6) ta tiidy ro str so, vi sinh vit phin giai cd dinh dam, cd dinh nito, ehe tu cd tic dung lim ting ro rdt ddn mat do td xenlulo tdt nhdt or cdng thiic tu b i n g ba mia d ti-dn bio vi sinh vit ti-ong ddt, d i e bidt vi sinh vat tdng ca ba loai ciy trdng: q u ^ cao su v i ca phd.
64
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN
N 6 N GTHON - KY 2 - THANG 2/2012
KHOA HOC
C 6 N G N G H ICdng thiic thi nghidm
CTl CT2 CT3 (d/c) LSD0,05
cv,%
Bing 7: Anh hudng ciia ehe tii ddt ddn ning sudt, chdt lugng ciy trdng Quyt PQl
Ning suit (kg/ha/nim)
25.485,34 24.707,20 23.287.06 1752.4
3.58
Ting so vdi d/c(%) 9.44
6.1
Ciphd Ning suit c i
phd nhin (kg/ha/nim)
1.239.67*
1.311,87*
1.088,74 112,53
4.64
Ting so vdi d/c (%)
13.86 20,49
Tyld tuoi / n h i n
9,58 8.86 10,07
PlOO nhin
8,87 9,45 7,38
Casu Ning suat
mil kho (kg/ha/nim)
2828,19*
2551,78 2323.92 291.42
5,68
Ting so vdi d/c (%)
21,7 9,8
Ghi chu- -h Cdng thue 1: Tu gdc bing ba mia; + Cdng thuc 2: Tu gdc bing cd li ciy;
+ Cdng thuc 3 (ddi chung): Khdng tu gdc Sd Udu d bing 7 cho thdy mic dii dugc thu nghidm trdn cic loai ciy trdng khic nhau nhung ehe phii dat vin Ii mdt bidn phip quan trgng trong vide ting ning suit ciy trdng (thdp nhdt ting Ii 6,1% so vdi CT2 trong vudn quyt PQl vi cao nhdt Ii 21,7% ddi vdi cao su d CTl). Ridng ddi
Bing 8: H i ^ qua kinh t^ tiTong vide tu gdc cho ciy tidng.
DVT: dong/ha/2 nim (2009-2010) vbi ciy ci phd vide tii gdc cdn lim ting chdt lugng ci phd, cu the khdi lugng 100 nhin cao hon CT ddi chimg 20-28% ( cd ehe phu thi PlOO nhan dat 9,45 gam, d/c thi khdi lugng 100 nhin 7,38 gam).
Ro ring vide ehe phd cd tic dung rat ldn den vide ting ning suit ciy trdng.
Ciy trdng Caosu
Ciphd
Quyt
Cdng thuc CTl CT2 CT3 CTl CT2 CT3 CTl CT2 CT3
Tdng thu 192.316.920 173.521.040 158.028.560
61.983.600 65.593.680 54.437.250 382.280.108 370.608.011 349.305.929
Tdng chi 9.563.051 8.762.951 4.804.800 12.958.000 12.858.000 9.824.000 12.458.000 12.358.000 9.824.000
Lgi nhuan 182.753.869 164.758.089 153.221.760 49.025.600 52.735.680 44.613.250 369.822.108 358.250.011 339.481.929
Ting so vdi ddi chiing 29.532.109 11.536.329 4.412.350 8.122.430 30.340.179 18.768.082
So vdi d/c(%)
19 8 10 18 9 6
Nhu viy cd the thay vide ehe phu ddt ed tic 20,19-54,27%. Ddng thdi cd tic dung dieu hda nhidt dung cai tiiidn rdt ldn den tinh chdt ly, hda hgc ddt, dd ddt, lim giim ding ke nhidt do cua dat tir 2,51 ddng thdi ning eao do miu mo vi ban chd suy thoii
ddt; ngoii ra cdn lim ting hidu qui kinh td' tii 6- 19%.
IV. KET LUAN
- Che tu cd tic dung lam ting him lugng cic chdt
6,4*'c tii dd tao dieu kidn thuan lgi eho ciy trong sinh trudng vi phit trien tdt trong dieu kien miia he.
Su dung chdt tii cd tic dung lim giim khdi lucyng cd dai 73,67-97,65% so vdi khdng tii.
Che tii cd tic dung lim ting ro rdt den mat do dinh duong trong ddt, nhu: chat hiiu co, dam, lin, te bio vi sinh vat trong ddt, die bidt vi sinh vit tdng kali tdng sd ciing nhu dd tidu trong dat. sd, vi sinh vit phin giii lin, vi sinh vit cd dinh dam, Che phu cd tic dung giii am ddt cao hon, xenluld tdt nhdt d edng tinic til bing b i mia d ti'dn ca ihdt Ii trong thdi ky han keo dii, trung binh tir ba loai ciy ti-dng: quyt, ci phd, cao su.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 2/2012 65
KHOA Hpc
C 6 N GNGHl
Che phli dat lim ting ning sudt 6,1-21,7%. cic nong ho viing ddi niii phia Bic Vidt Nam'' NXB Rieng ddi vdi cay c i phd vide bi gdc cdn lam ting Nong nghidp H i Ngi.
chat lugng ca phe: cu tiid khdi lugng 100 nhan cao 5 Thii Phidn, Nguyin Tu Sidm. Su dung b^n hon ddi chiing 20-28% (ndn cd ehe tu PlOO nhin dat ^ ^ g ^i^jt midn nui vi viing cao d Vidt Nam. Nhaxu^t 9,45 gam, d d/c P 100 nhan 7.38 gam). I,,^n Nong nghidp, 2002.
TAI UBI THAM KHAO g ^.it q u a n g h i d n ciiu k h o a h g c . Q u y d n 1- Vi^n 1. Tap chi Klioa hgc Ddt. 27/7/1993. Nhi xudt Thd nhuong NOng hda. Nhi xudt ban Nong nghidp, ban Nong nghidp. 1995.
2. Ky ydu hgi nghi KH. CN&MT viing Bic 7. Nguydn Tir Sidm-Thii Phidn. 1992. Nguy ca Trung Bg lan tini nam thing 8 nim 2000. thoii hda vi nhung uu tien nghidn ciru bio vd dat
3. Thai Phien. Nguydn Tii Sidm. 2002. Su dung ^'^^ ^ ^i^t Nam. Tap chi Khoa hgc Ddt. sd 2.
ben viing dat mien nui va viing cao Vi^t Nam. NXB 8. Nguyin Tu Sidm-Thii Phidn, 1991. Ddt bjxoi Nong nghiep Ha Ngi. mdn nia trdi 0 Vidt Nam vi bidn phip quan ly. Tap
4. Thai Phien, Nguydn Ttr Sidm. 2099. Ciy phin chi Nong nghidp vi CNTP, sd 345.
xanh voi chien luge su dung hidu qua dat ddc Vidt 9. Nguydn Tii Sidm-Thii Phidn ddi niii Vi^t Nam. Ky yeu Hgi thao "Cay phan xanh phu dat trdn Nam: Thoii hda vi phuc hdi. Nhi xudt ban Nong
nghidp Hi Ndi-
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT LAND BY VEGETATION TO YIELD RUBBER, COFFEE AND ORANGES IN NGHE AN
Nguyen Van Phuong, Dang Thi Lan Summary
Cover is the most important measures, and is versatile platform enables the management and sustainable land use. Can cover with plastic or live vegetation, the availability of organic matter such as crop residues to protect and improve land. Mulching with crop residues bagasse, straw, grass, dried leaves have a significant effect to the concentration of nutrients in the soil, significantly increased levels of organic matter in the soil as humus content, protein, pbosphoms. potassium and digestion of the soil, and have a moisturizing effect for higher ground, especially during hot weather and long-term average from 20.19 to 54.27%; reducing soil temperature significantiy from 2.51 to 6.40''c plus mulching weed mass limit from 73.67 to 97.65% over the control to nature, whereby die number of microorganisms in special soil microorganisms total, microbial resolution pbosphoms. cellulose is the best recipe using bagasse cabinet f^
on all three crops. The effect brought about the economic mulching with crop residues increased yield from 6.1 to 21.7%. Particularly for cofifee also increases the base cabinet coffee quality specific human P 100 higher than the amount of 20-28% for control (PlOO autonomous workers reached 9.45 g. e / c P 100 gram 7. 38 gram).
Keywords: Soil covering, vegetable residues, sugar cane bagasses, coffee, mandarin; physical and chemical properties of soil; basalt brown soil.
Ngudi phan bi^n: TS. Bdi Huy Hi^n
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