KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H E
LriNIG DIJIXIG CHi TH! PHAIXI T I J D E C H 0 I \ I L Q C IVHiJIXIG DdlVG LUA KHAIXIG BEIXIH BAC LA TLT QLIAIXI THE
B C 3 F 2 CLIA TO HOP LAI T B R e e 5 / I R B B G 4
Hodng Minh Trang^, Nguyen Thi HaoS Doan TTii Mmh Thiiy\
Dodn Van SonS V6 Thi Minh Tuy^n*
T6MTAT
Trong nghien cuu nay, chi thi phan tu li6n ket vol gen khang benh bac la va lay nhi§m nhan tao voi vi khuan gay benh da dirge su dung de sang loc cac dong mang 2-3 gen khang hihi hieu {xa5, Xa7\z Xa21). Sir dung 30 dong BC3F2 cua to hop lai TBR225/IRBB64 de lam vat lieu nghien ciiu. Ket qua sang loc duoc 6 dong A14, A19, A23, A24, A27 va A29 mang 2-3 gen khang chinh {xa5. Xa7vk Xa21). Cac dong nay da cho phan ling khang cao (HR) va co pho khang rong voi ca 3 chiing vi khuan gay benh bac la khi lay nhi^m nhan tao.
Qua danh gia tren d6ng ruong da chon duoc 2 dong A23 va A29 co mflt s6 cac dac diem nong hoc chinh tucmg tu gidng liia TBR225. Trong dieu kien tu nhien, cac dong liia mm da the hien tinh khang b^nh bac la tdt hon so voi giong TBR225 (diem 0-1) a vu mua 2019.
Tu kh6a: Chi thi phan td, benh bac la, gen khang, lai backcross.
1 . OAT VAN BE
O cac nuoc chau A, b^nh bac la b liia la benh rat pho bien, no co the gay thiet hai toi tren 50% nang suat Ilia. Viec giam nang suat liia nhu vay can dtroc ban che toi muc thap nhat de dap ung nhu cdu ve liia gao cua the gioi (Latif va cs., 2011). Hien nay vln chua CO thudc dac tri cho bdnh bac la, mac dii da danh gia mot so loai thuoc va chat khang. Do vay phat trien cac giong khang benh bac la vdn la giai phap thi^t thuc trong phong tru benh.
Viec chon tao cac giong liia c6 pho khang rong ia rat can thiet de cai thien tinh khang benh bac la b Ilia. Mpt s6 nghien cuu chi ra rang cac giong mang don gen khang khong cho pho khang rong. Gan day, ky thuat MAS (Marker-assisted selection) va MABC (Marker-assisted backcrossmg) la 2 ky thuat su dung chi thi phan tu da duoc ling dung thdnh cong va dupc tnen khai rong rai trong chuong trinh chon gidng.
MAS Id ky thuat su dung cdc chi thi (marker) hen ket voi cac tinh trang dac hieu de chpn Ipc cac ca the mang cdc tinh trang mong mudn do trong qudn the phan ly mot each nhanh chong va hieu qua, cd the thuc hien duoc ngay b giai doan cdy ma, day nhanh su phat trien cac ddng trong chuong trinh chpn tao
' Vien Di truyen Nong nghiep
gidng. Do dd, marker hd trp trong chpn tao gidng da trd' thanh mpt cong cu quan trpng de sang loc tinh khang ben, giam thi^u thoi gian va chi phi trong cdc chuong trinh chpn tao gidng (Uu va cs., 2003).
Gidng Ilia thuan TBR225, do Cong ty Gidng cay trdng Thai Binh chpn tao, dang duoc trdng rpng rai tai cac tinh ddng bang BSc bp. Gidng liia chat luong nay dupc rat nhidu bd con nong dan va ngiroi tieu dimg cac tmh phia Bac ira chupng do gidng co nang suat cao, chat lupng gao ngon, tuy nhien nhupc diem ciia gidng la hi nhi^m bfenh bac la. Su dung phuong phdp lai tra lai vd chi thi phan tu Uen kdt chat voi gen khang benh bac Id trong cdi tien gidng liia TBR225 Id mot trong nhiing hudng di cdn thiet hien nay.
2 . VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIBU CUU 21. Vdt lieu nghidn cuu
30 ddng Ilia the he BCgF^, cua to hop lai TBR225/IRBB64,dupckyhieutirAldenA30.
Ddng IRBB64 chiia 4 gen khdng bac la Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa21, nhdp noi tir Vien Nghien ciiu Lua Qudc te IRRI.
Ddng IR24 nhdp npi tir Vien Nghien cuu Lua Qudc te, la ddng chuan nhiim.
Gidng lua TBR225 cua Cong ty Gidng cay trdng Thdi Binh.
54 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2020
KHOA HOC CONG N G H l Cac chi thj phan tir lien kit gen khang benh bac la: xaS, }ia7, Xa21:
TT
1 2 3 4
T6n moi
RM6320 PS pTA248
MPl'2
Trinh hi
F: GAGCTGGACCTCCTCGACAC R; CATGCATCACCGAATGAGTC F: CAGGAATTGACTGGAGTAGTGGTT R: CATCACGGTCACCGCCATAT F: AGACGCGGAAGGGTGGTTCCCGGA R AGACCGGTAATCGAAAGATGAAA F: ATCGATCGATCTTCACGAGG R: CTGCTATAAAAGGCATTCGGGGTAT
NST
5 6 11
11 Khoang each li^n ket (cM) 1-3 3.4 0-1 0-1
Gen khang xa5 Xa7 Xa21 Xa4 Sd dung 3 chung vi khuan cua Bd mdn Benh hoc
phan tir dugc phan lap nam 2016.
+ ChiJng 1: Thu thap tai Tinh Gia, Thanh Hda;
gidng lay mdu benh; HTl; Day la chung phd bien va dai dien cho cdc tinh vimg Bac Trung bo, cd dpc tinh trung hinh.
+ Chung 2: Thu thap tai Hai Duong; gidng lay mdu benh: TBR225; ddy Id chung phd bi^n, dai dien cho cac tinh ddng bdng song Hong, co dpc tinh cao.
+ Chung 3 (Chung cd dpc tinh manh nhdt): Dia diem thu mdu tai Nam Dinh, gidng lay mdu benh:
BT7; day Id chung dugc thu thdp tai viing dich, cd ddc tinh manh nhung khong phd bien.
2.2. Phuong phdp nghifin ciiu
- Ddnh gia vd sang loc cac ca the BC3F2 mang gen khdng bang chi thi phan h> vd Idy nhi^m nhan tao vdi vi khuan gay benh bac la.
+ Phuong phdp tdch chiet DNA: Phuong phap sii dung chi thi phan hi xac dinh gen khang benh bac la.
AND tdng sd duoc tdch chiet theo phuong phdp
"NAOH extraction" cua Wang (1992). Sau khi nhdn AND bang nhimg cap moi chay dien di theo phuong phap cua Khoa Genome thuc vat Trudng Dai hoc Cdng nghe Texas, My cd cat tien.
+ Sir dung phuong phap lay nhiim nhdn tao benh bac la QICA 2003), phuong phdp cdt keo; giai doan lay nhiim: lua ldm ddng - h-6. Ddnh gid: 18 ngdy sau lay nhiim tien hdnh do chieu ddi vet benh vd dua vao chidu ddi vet benh de danh gia tinh khang, nhiim (Jica, 2003) theo diang diem 5 cap.
- Ddnh gia dac didm ndng sinh hpc ciia cdy lua theo tieu chuan cua Vien Nghien ciiu Lua Qudc te aRRI.2002).
2.3. Ihdi gian vd dia di^m nghidn ciiu Nghien cuu dupc thuc hien vu miia 2019 tai phong thi nghidm, nha ludi vd ruong thi nghiem cua Vien Di truydn Ndng nghiep.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Ddnh gid qudn thi BC3F2 bang chi thi phdn hi
Ddng IR24, TBR225 vd 30 ddng lua duoc chpn Ipc tir to hgp lai TBR225 x IRBB64 the he BC3F2 dugc sir dung phan tich PCR vdi cac chi thi MPl-2, RM6320, P3, pTA248 de sang loc cdc dong mang gen khang benh bac Id: Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa2L
Sdn pham PCR sau dd dugc dien di tren gel agarose 2,5%. Ket qua phdn tich PCR cho thay cdc ddng Ilia dua vdo phan tich da cho sdn pham PCR ro rang.
Hinh 1 San pham PCR cua quan thS BC3F2 voi cic chi thi phan til lita k^t vcSd gen Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa21 (Tit tlii qua phai- Thang ADN chuSn Ikb, cdc ddng TBR225 va IRBB64; A1->A30; 30 c4 th« tir t6 hpp lai
TBR225/IRBB64 th^ h^ BC3F2) San pham PCR tai hinh 1 cho thiiy:
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2020 55
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHt - Cac ca the mang gen khang xa5. 15 ca <i£
mang gen xa5 a bang thai dong hop hi (co 1 vach bang duy nhat trung voi vach bang ciia dong mang gen IRBB64) gom cac ca the: A2. A3. A6, A7. A8.
A l l , A12. A14. A17, A19. A21. A23, A24. A27 va A29;
9 dong: Al. A5. A9. AlO. A22. A25, A26. A28 va A30 mang gen xaSb trang thai di hop (xuat hien 2 vach bang: 1 vach bang trimg voi vach bang cua dong mang gen khang IRBB64 va 1 vach bang trung vach bang ciia dong khong mang gen TBR225).
- Cac ca the mang gen khang Xa21: co 10 ca the
A13, A14. A24, A26. A27. A28. A29 va A30). 11 ca the mang gen Xa21 a frang thai di hop (A3. A2. A6. A7.
AlO. Al 1. A12. A16. A18, A19 va A25).
• Cac ca thS mang gen khang XhZ: 18 ca the:
A13. A14. A15 den A30 mang gen Xa/a frang thai dong h w hi. Ca thi A5. A6, A9. AlO. A l l va A12 mang gen Xa76 trang thai di hop.
- Cac ca the mang gen khang Xa21:11 ca th^: Al den A8. A12, A18. A20 mang gen Xa4 a frang thai dong hop tli. Cac ca the: A9. AlO. A l l . A17. A21. A16 mang gen Xa4 a trang thai di hop.
mang gen Xa21 6 frang thai dong hgp frr (A4. A5.
Bang 1. T6ng hpp k^t qua sdng IQC cdc cd thi BC3F2 mang gen b ^ chi thi phdn tii (Cdc cd thi mang 2-3 gen khdng bac Id httu hi^u: xa5, Xa7vi Xa2D TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Cathe A13 A14 A17 A19 A21 A23 A24 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30
Gen xa5
+ + + + + +
+
+ Xa21
+ +
+ + + + + +
Xa7 + + + + + + + + + -1-
•f-
+
Xa4 Tdng hgp gen
Ddng hop tu 2 gen: Xa21, Xa7 Dong hop tir 3 gen: xa5, Xa21, Xa7 Ddng hop tii 2 gen: xa5, Xa7; di hop Xa4 Ddng hop hi 2 gen: xa5. Xa7, di hpp Xa21 Ddng hop tu 2 gen: xa5. Xa7, di hop Xa4 Dong hop tu 2 gen: Xa7. xa5 Ddng hop tu 3 gcn:xa5, Xa7, Xa21 Ddng hgp tir 2 gen: Xa7, Xa21; di hgp xa5 Ddng hgp tu 3 gen: Xa7, Xa21, xa5 Ddng hpp tir 2 gen: Xa7, Xa21;di hpp xa5 Ddng hpp tir 3 gen: Xa7, Xa21, xa5 Ddng hgp tir 2 gen: Xa7, Xa21;d\ hgp xa5 Ket qua tong hop danh gia bang chi Uii phan tii
30 ca the BC3F2 (Bang 1). da chon duoc 12 ca die mang 2 - 3 gen khang benh bac la hiru hieu {xa5, Xa7 va Xa21). Tuy nhien chi co 4 ca the mang ca 3 gen Xa21, Xa7, xaSb frang diai dOng hop tir. do la cac ca the A14; A24; A27 va A29. 2 ca the: A17. A21 mang dong hop tii 2 gen: Xa7, xa5 va di hop til gen Xa4. 3 ca die A26. A28 va A30 mang dong hgp hi 2 gen }Ca21 va ;&7va di hgp xa5. Ca the A19 mang dong hgp hi 2 gen: Xa7, xa5 ra di hgp hi gen Xa21.
3.2. Bdnh gid khd ndng khdng b|nh cua cdc cd thi mang da gen bing Idy nhiSm nhdn tao v6i vi khuiig4yb$nhbacld
M6i gen chinh thuong chi khang dugc vol mot chiing gay benh hoac noi gay hai nao do. do vay neu quy tu dugc hai hay nhiiu gen khang vao mot dong hoac gidng liia thi se tao ra dugc mot dong liia khdng
dugc voi nhieu chiing gay benh hoac nhieu noi gay hai. Nhu vay mudn tao ra gidng liia khang ben viing ddi voi dich hai. nguoi ta phai dua duoc hai hay nhieu gen khang liieu qua cao vao ciing mpt nin gen uu viet.
3 chiing vi khuan gay benh bac la da dugc su dung de lay nhiim nhan tao: Chiing 1, chiing 2 va chung 3. Dong IRBB64 la dong chuan khang, dong IR24 la dong chuan nhiim, dong TBE225 la dong ddi chiing. Kit qua do dim. danh gia sau 20 ngay lay nhiim dugc frinh bay d- bang 2.
Cac ca the BC3F2 mang da gen diu co phan ling khang vdi 3 chung lay nhiim su dung trong thi nghiem. Tuy nhien miic dg khang benh thi hi"
khac nhau d cdc ca the vdi cac chung lay nhiim ti' khang cao (HR). khdng (R) va khang trung binh
(M).
56 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2020
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHt
Bang 2. Phan ling cua cdc ddng liia thi nghiSm vdi cdc chung vi khuSn 14y nhlSm (vu miia 2019)
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Ddng A13 A14 A17 A19 A21 A23 A24 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30 TBR225 IR24 (D/C) IRBB64 IRBB6 IRBB7 IRBB21
Chung 1 Chiiu dai
vet benh 3.52±0.23 1.47+0.75 2.35+0.29 2.15+0.84 3.50+1.90 1,05+0.44 1.93+1.25 3.33+1.50 1.95+1.57 6.83±1.50 1.42+056 3.13+1.01 15.77+1.03 18.50+1,56 1.47+0.23 5.04+1.21 6.10+1.07 7.50+151
Danh gia HR HR HR HR HR HR HR HR HR R HR HR S HS HR R R R
Chiing 2 Chieu dai
vit benh 5.37+0.71 2.30+0.98 3.37±0.70 2.67+0.75 4.60±1.10 2.27+1.37 2,33+1.50 4.13+0.40 250±4.28 6.30±1.70 2.63+1.16 4.57+0.60 19,03+1.18 20.37+1.85 1.13+1.53 6.37+0.60 9.20+1.03 10.10+1.33
Danh gia R HR HR HR HR HR HR HR HR R HR R HS HS HR R M M
Chung 3 Chiiu dai vet
benh (cm) 7.70+0.85 3.77+0.9 5.70±0.61 3.97+0.83 6.07±0.80 3.10+0.46 3.43+0.74 6.05±050 357+0.6 8.27+1,14 3,81±0,71 6,23±0,93 21.45+1.12 25.50±1.04 2.17±1.46 8.15+0.91 10.5+1.27 11.3+1.36
Danh gia R HR R HR R HR HR R HR M HR R HS HS HR IVI M IVI Sd lieu d bang 2 cho thay ddng doi chiing nhiim
IR24 biiu hien nhiim benh bac la rat dien hinh (HS).
vit benh dai 17,8 - 25,5 cm. Chiiu dai vet benh ciia giong TBR225 ngdn hon so vdi gidng chuan nhiim nhimg vdn dugc danh gia la nhiim va nhiim cao (S.
HS). Ket qua biiu hien benh tren dong ddi chiing nhiim cho thay 3 chung bac la trSn cd doc tinh manh. Dong mang 4 gen khang IRBB64 the hita kha nang khang tdt (HR). Hai ddng mang don gen khang IRBB7 va IRBB21 the hien khang (R) vdi chung sd 1 va khang trung binh (IVI) voi chiing sd 2. 3. Ddng mang don gen 1RBB5 t h i hien khang (R) vm 2 chung so 1 va 2 va khang trang binh (M) vdi chiing 3. Nhu vay gen khang xaSthe hien tinh khang tdt hon 2 gen khang Xa7m Xa2l 6 ca t h i A14. A19, A23, A24, A27 va A29 the hita tinh khang cao (HR) va pho khang rong hon ca (khang cao vdi ca 3 chung lay nhiim), hiong duong ddng chuan khang mang da gen IRBB64. Cac ca t h i con lai chi khang cao vdi 1 hoac 2 chung va khang (R) voi chiing sd 3.
Kit qua nghien ciiu da cho thay niu quy hi nhiiu gen khang hou hieu vao ciing mot gidng lua Ihi kha nang khang se cao va phd khang se rdng hon. Ket qua nghien cihi cua d i tai cung triing vdi
kit qua cua cac nghidn cuu trudc day (Biii Trgng Thuy va CS. 2004; Anjali etal., 2007). D i tao dugc gidng Ilia cd tinh khang bin viing vdi benh bac Id rat can thiit phai dua vai gen khang benh bac la hieu qua vao mdt gidng. Cac gidng liia mang don gen khang vdn cd t h i hi nhiim benh bac la binh thudng, chi cd nhung gidng liia mang da gen khang htm hieu mdi cd the khang dugc cac chung vi khuan gay benh bac la nay. Day chinh la nguyen nhan khiin nhiing gidng Ilia khang benh bac la (mang dgn gen) bi nhiim benh tai cac viing dich.
Hinh 2. Phan ling ciia cdc ddng BC3F2 vdi chung vi khujnsd3
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2020
57
KHOA HOC CONG N G H l 3.3. Ddnh gid djc dilm ndng, sinh hpc chinh
riia cic ca thi mang da gen, khdng cao vdi cdc chiing vi khudn gdy binh bac Id
Muc aSu la cai tien tinh khang benh bac Id ciia gidng Ilia TBR225 nen cac dong lua nghidn ciiu frudc hit phai thi hien kha ndng khang cao voi ca 3 chung
vi khuan gdy benh bac la. Do vay 6 cd the lua dap img dugc yeu cdu frdn la: A14. A19. A23. A24. A27 va A29 dugc lua chcn de hip tac ddnh gid g vu mua vi cac dac diem ndng. sinh hgc chinh vdi muc dich dl tim ra ddng cd cac dac diim ndng hgc gidng vdd gidng lua TBR225 nhat.
Bang 3. Mdt sd ddc dilm hinh thii nia r;lr diSnu Ida manu da cen Ten ddng
A14 A19 A23 A24 A27 A29 TBR225
(D/C)
Thdi gian sinh trucmg (ngay)
106 105 105 108 107 105 106
Chieu cag cay (cm)
110,5 114,0 113,4 112,2 112,7 114,0 113,0
Chiiu dai bdng (cm) 24,1 28,0 26,8 25,7 26,1 25,0 26,3
Chiiu dai cd bdng (cm)
4,3 7,2 4,8 0 1,0 0,5 4,1
khang (vu miia Do cimg cay
(diem) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2019) Mau sdc hat
thdc Vang sang Vang dam Vang sang Vang sang Vang sdng Vang sang Vang sang Kit qua d bang 3 cho thay: Cac ddng lua thi
nghiem cd thoi gian sinh trudng thudc nhom gidng ngdn ngay, tuong duong thdi gian sinh trudng ciia gidng TBR225 (105-108 ngay). Chiiu cao cay cua cac ddng mang da gen dao ddng tirll0.5-114cm. Ddng A14 cd chiiu cao cay thap nhat (110 cm). 5 ddng cdn lai cd chiiu cao cay tuong duong chiiu cao cay cda gidng lua ddi chiing TBR225 (112 - 114 cm). Cac ddng lua thi nghiem cd chiiu dai bdng dao ddng tir 24 - 28 cm. Cao nhat la ddng Iiia A19 (28 cm), thap nhat la ddng A14 (24 cm). Cac ddng Ida A23. A24 va A27 cd chiiu dai bdng tuong duong cua bdng ciia gidng TB]^25. Trong 6 ddng Ida nghien cim. ddng A14 va A23 cd chiiu dai cd bdng tuong duong chiiu ddi cd bdng ciia gidng Ida TBR225. Cac ddng cdn lai cd chiiu dai cd bdng qua thap nhu ddng A24. A27 va A29 (chieu dai cd bdng lan lugt la 0, 1 va 0.5 cm) hoac qua cao nhu ddng A19 (7.2 cm). Cac ddng lua thi nghiem diu cd dp cimg cay tuong duong gidng ddi chiing (diim 1). Ve man sdc hat thdc. chi cd ddng A19 cd mau sac hat thdc la vang dam, cac ddng cdn lai diu cd mau sdc hat thdc la vang sang tuong duong man sic hat thdc cua gidng ddi chung TBR225.
Cdng nhu tat ca cac cay frdng khdc frong sdn xuat Ida, ndng suat la muc Ueu cudi cung va la mdt chi tieu kinh ti quan frgng va cd y nghia quyet dinh ton tai hay khdng ten tai cua mdt gidng lua. Mat khac. ndng suat la chi hdu tdng hgp phan dnh ket
qua cua 1 gidng Ida. Kha nang cho ndng suat cua mdt gidng Ida dugc the hien qua cac yiu td cdu thanh nang su^t nhu: sd nhdnh hiiu hieu. sd hat chac/bdng, ti le % lep, PIOOO hat (Bang 4).
Hnh 3. Hnh anh bdng Ma dia cdc ddng Ma 4il nghidm Kit qua a bang 4 cho thay sd nhanh him hieu cua cac ddng Ida biin dgng hi 4.0 - 5.7 nhanh. Ddng cd sd nhanh thap nhat Id ddng A24 va A19 (khoang 4 nhanh) va ddng cd sd nhdnh cao nhdt la dong A27 Cdc ddng cd sd nhdnh hihi hieu hiong duong gidng ddi chiing TBR225 (4.6 nhanh) la AM. A23 va A29 (4,5-4.8 nhdnh).
Sd hat chac/bdng anh hudng rat ldn den nang suat. Thdi ky quyit dinh bdt ddu hinh thanh sd hat chac/bdng bat ddu tii thdi ky phan hda ddng d|n cupi thdi ky vdo chde (tii fruoc frd 30 ngay d^„
frd 15 ngay). Sd hat chdc/bdng ciia cac ddng r "
friin vgng biin ddng tii 142 - 175 hat. Trong d™
58 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE dong cd sd hat chac/bong cao nhat la A23 (175 hat)
tuong duong gidng ddi chiing TBR225 (172,7 hat), dong c6 s6 hat chac/bdng thap nhat la dong A14 (142 hat).
Khdi lugng 1000 hat cua cdc ddng liia thi nghiem bidn ddng tir 22,3 - 24,5 gam. Ddng co khdi lugng 1000 hat th^p nhat la ddng A19 va A27. Ddng A23, A24 va A29 cd khdi luong 1000 hat tuong duong gidng lua TBR225 (23-24 gam).
Nang suat thuc thu cua cac ddng liia thi nghiem dao dpng tir 14,1 - 18,2 gam/khdm. Ddng co nang
suat thap nhat la dong -A24, cac dong co nang suat cao la A23 va A29 (17,5 va 18,2 gam/khom tuong duong nSng suat cua gidng ddi chiing TBR225 (17,4 gam/khom).
Chieu dai hat thdc la la tinh trang dn dinh nhat, it bi anh huong cua moi trudng va dugc dieu khidn bdi da gen. Tran Thanh Hoang (2005) ciing cho rang chieu dai hat gao la mpt trong nhung chi ti6u danh gia pham chat hat gao va nd bi chi phdi manh bdi yeu td di truy&n va it bi chi phdi boi ydu td moi trudng.
Sdng 4.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
^ang sudt vd cdc Ten ddng
A14 A19 A23 A24 A27 A29 TBR225(D/C)
y i u t^ cau thdnh ndng sudt Sd
nhanh 4.8 4,1 4,5 4,0 5,7 4,8 4,6
Sdhat chdc/bdng
(hat) 142,0 168,5 175,0 164,5 146,0 168,0 172,7
dia ddng Ida thi nghilm Ti le (%)
lep 17,4 18,3 15,1 14.1 15.2 16,1 15,6
KLIOOO hat (gam)
22,7 22,3 23,5 23,5 22,5 24,2 23,4
(vu miia 2019) NSTT (g/khdm)
14,7 14,7 17,5 14,1 15,3 18,2 17,4 Ket qua danh gia ve chi h6u thuong pham hat
thdc cua cac ddng liia thi nghiem duoc the hien b bangs.
Bkag 5. Mdt sd chi ti^u thuong phim hat dioc ciia ddng Ilia trong thi nghifem (vu mua 2019)
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Ten dong A14 A19 A23 A24 A27 A29 TBR225
(B/C) lSDa,m
CVX Chieu dai hat thoc (mm) 6.5 6.8 6.4 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.9 0,20 0,18
Chieu rong hai thoc (mm)
2.09 2.20 2.00 2.30 2.13 2.16 2.16 0,09 0,80
Dai/
rpng 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.2 0,08 0,60
Hinh dang hat thoc
Thon dai Thon dai Thon dai Thon dai Thon dai Thon dai Thon dai
mm, chieu rpng hat thdc dao ddng tir 2,0 - 2,3 nun. Ti 16 dai/rpng hat thdc dao dpng tir 3,00 - 3,2.
Nhu vay sd lieu quan sat va danh gia ve cac dac diem nong, sinh hpc chinh cua 6 ddng ilia mang da gen khang benh bac la cho thay A23 va A29 cd nhieu dac diem nong hoc chinh gidng vdi gidng liia ddi chung TBR225.
3.4. Danh gia kha nang chdng chiu sSu b^nh h?u chinh cua cic ddng liia thi nghidm tr^n ddng ruOng Bang 6. K^t qua danh gii mpt sd sau b^nh hai chinh
cua ddng liia thi nghiem trdn dong ruOng (vy mua 2019)
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ten dong A14 A19 A23 A24 A27 A29 TBR225
(D/C)
Benh hai Dao on
3-5 0-1 1-3 0-1 3-5 1-3 3-5
Kho van 1-3 1-3 0-1 1-3 1-3 0-1 3-5
Bac la 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 3-5
Sau hat Due than 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 3-5 1-3 1-3
Cudn la 1-3 0-1 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3
Ray nau 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 Kit qua g bang 5 cho thay cac ddng Ida thi
nghiem diu cd hinh dang hat thon dai nhu gidng ddi chiing. Chiiu dai hat thdc cd su bien ddng di 6,4 - 6,9
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2020 59
mm V-
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHt Kha nang chdng chiu sdu hdnh cua cdc gidng Ida
anh huong true Hep tdi ndng suat nen cdc nhd chgn gidng rat quan tam de ddnh gid ve 1 gidng Ida. Sd lieu ddnh gia v i kha nang chdng chiu cua cdc ddng lua mang da gen khdng benh bac Id. frong diiu kien hi nhiln fren ddng rugng. dugc t h i hien d bang 6.
Vdi benh dao dn cd 2 ddng Ida: A14. A27 nhiim benh d dilm 3-5 tuong duong gidng ddi chiing TBR225. Cdn lai cdc ddng Ida thi nghidm khac nhiim dao dn nhe hon (diim 0-3). Binh khd vdn thi hau h i t cac ddng diu nhiim nhe (diem 1-3). nhe hon so voi gidng ddi chiing. Theo doi fren ddng mdng. trong diiu kien hi nhien. cho thay tat ca cdc ddng Ida thi nghilm diu khdng bi nhiim hodc nhiim rat nhe vdi benh bac Id (diem 0-1). Cung diiu kien chdm sdc, gidng ddi chiing nhiim bdnh diem 3-5.
Vdi sdu due than ddng Ida A27 nhiim diem 3-5.
cac ddng cdn lai chi bi nhiim nhe. Vdi sau cudn Id va ray ndu. cdc ddng diu chi bi nhidm nhe (diim 0-3) tuong duong ddi chimg.
4.KnLUilNVADENGHI 4.1.KltluSn
Su dung chi thi phan tu hen k i t vdi cdc gen khang benh bac la chinh {xa5, Xa7va Xa21) de sang loc 30 cd t h i BCsFa, dugc chgn tir td hgp lai TBR225/IRBB64. da thu dugc 6 ca t h i cd ttr 2-3 gen khang Id: A14. A19. A23. A24. A27 vd A29. Cdc ca the nay da the hien cap dd khdng cac (HR) va phd khang rdng vdi cd 3 chung vi khuan lay nhiim.
Kit qua ddnh gia mdt sd dac diim ndng. smh hgc chinh cho thay 2 ca t h i A23 va A29 cd nhiiu ddc
gian smh frudng frong vu mua khoang 105 ngay, chiiu cao cdy tii 113-114 cm, nang suat cao lu 17,5- 18,1 gam/khdm, ciing cdy, hat thdc thon dai. mau vang sdng.
Trong diiu kien hi nhien ngoai ddng rugng. 2 cd t h i A23 vd A29 t h i hien kha nang chdng chiu sdu benh tdt hon so vdi gidng lua TBR225 (diem 0-3). ddc biet the hien khd nang chdng chiu tdt vgi benh bac la
(diim 0-1).
4.2. D i nghi
Tilp hjc khdo nghilm dien hep vdi 2 ddng A23.
A29 vd ddnh gia d cac vung sinh thai khac nhau d l ddnh gid kha nang thich ung cua cac ddng Ida tilin vgng. tien tdi md rdng dien tich giee frdng frong san xuat.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Latif MA, Badsha MA Tajul MI, Kabu- MS, Rafli MY, Mia MAT (2011). Identification of geneotypes resistant to blast, bacterial leaf bUght.
sheath blight and tungro and efficacy of seed freating fungicides against blast disease of rice. Sci Res Essays 6 (13):2804-2811. doi:10.5897/SRE11.315.
2. Liu SP. U X. Wang CY. Li XH. He YQ (2003).
Improvement of resistance to rice blast in Zhenshan 97 by molecular marker-aided selection. Acta Bot Sin 45:1346-1350.
3. Bill Trgng Thuy. Phan HOu Tdn (2004). Kha nang khang b | n h bac Id cua cdc ddng chi thi (Tester) chiia da gene khdng vdi mdt sd chiing vi khuan Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae gay bdnh bac la Ida phe biln d miin Bac Vi|t Nam.
dilm ndng hpc tuong tu voi gidng Ida TBR225: Thdi
MARKER ASSISTED BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL I£AF BUGHT IN BC3F2 POPUIAnONS OFTBR225/IRBB64 COMBINATION
Hoang Minh Trang^ Nguyen Thi Hao\ Doan Thi Minh Thuy\
Doan Van Son^ Vo Tlu Minh Tuyen^
'Agricuhire Genetic Institute Summary
In this study, linked markers and artificial inoculation were used to select plants earned 2-3 BB resistance genes {xaS, Xa/and Xa21) in 30 BC3F2 populations of TBR225/IRBB64 combination. The result indicated dial six lines: A14. A19. A23. A24. A27 and A29 earned 2-3 BB resistance genes {xaS, XaTani X^i) j ^ j showed high resistance to tiie Xoo races in the field. Evaluation of agronomic characteristics of these lines in the field showed two line. A23 and A29. have die main agronomic traits similar to the ongin vanetv TBR225. These lines showed resistance to BB (pomt 0-1) m the field, better than that of TBR225 ongin variety (point 3-5) in summer season 2019.
Keywords: Marker-assisted selection, bacterial leaf bhght (BB), resistance gene, backcross.
Ngudi phan bi|n; PGS.TS. Ld T u i i Nghia Ngdy nhdn bdi: 3/4/2020
Ngdy thdng qua phdn bi|n: 4/5/2020 Ngdy duylt ddng: 11/5/2020
60 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 7/2020
