Nghien CLPU anh hu'O'ng cua nong dp dung djch dien phan Ca(0IH)2 den hieu qua cua phu'cng phap dien hoa rut muoi cio trong betdng cot thep
Investigation on effect of CalOH)^ electrolyte concentration on electrochemical chloride extraction of reinforced concrete
Ngay nhan bai: 23/12/2014 Ngay SLfti bai: 25/02/2015 Ngay chap nhan iJang: 18/03/2015 TOM T A T :
Co nhieu phuong phap sua chua dirpc dua ra de sua chua an mon BTCT nhim keo dai tu6i thg ciia cong trinh BTCT, mgt trong so do la phuong phap dien hoa. Bai bao nay trinh bay nghien ciru anh huong ciia nong dci dung djch dien phan Ca(OH), din hieu qua cua phuong phap di^n hoa rut mu6i d o trong BTCT thong qua viec danh gia dien trd suat ciia betong, ham lui?ng ion cio phan bo trong lop betong bao ve va cau tnic ciia betong theo thoi gian dien hoa. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay, sau 8 tuan thirc hien dien hoa, ham lugng ion cio tai mot chieu sau betong bao ve giam khi nong dp dung dich dien phan tang tir 0,01 len 0,03M, trong khi do dien tro suat ciia be t6ng hau nhu khong thay doi sau khi ket thiic di?n hoa, Tir khda: An mon BTCT, di?n h6a, n^ng dp CaCOH)^
ABSTRACT
There are many methods recommended to repare corroded reinforced concrete structures, and one of these is electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) method. This paper presents effect ofthe Ca(0H)2 electrolyte concentration on electricity resistance of concrete, remained chloride content and microstructure of the concrete after 8 week ECE, Results show that the remained chloride content in concrete cover reduces with increasing Ca(OH)j concentration from 0.01 to 0,03M, whereas, the electricity resistance ofthe concrete is neariy the same as that is before ECE,
Keywords: Reinforced concrete corrosion, electrochemical, Ca{OH), concentration PGS. T S . Tran Van Mien
Bg mon Vat lieu xay dung - Khoa Ky thuat xay dung.
Truang Dai hgc Bach Khoa - Dai hgc Quoc Gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
Di d p n g : 0903810481 Email :[email protected] vn KS. Tr^n Vi^t Phirong Dfing
Hpc vien Cao hpc - Khoa Ky thuat xay d^rag.
Trudng D^i hgc Bach Khoa - D?i hpc Quoc Gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh,
Tran Van Mien, Tran Viet PhiTcfng Dong
1. Gidi thieu
Cic cau kien betong cot thep (BTCT) \h vat lieu quan trong nhatdupc sCrdung tren thegidii do gid thdnh r^ va d^ dang thi cong [1 ]. NhUng khi k^t du BTCT lam viec trong moi trUdng xam thUc bien hoac ven bien, an mon cot thep vii betong lam cho BTCT bi gieim tu^i thp. 0 6 ben cua BTCT phu thupc vao mile do xam thUc cOa moi trUdng va chat lu'ong vat lieu sif dung [4]. Khi cong trinh nam d viing bien hoac ven bien, ion Cl" la nguyen nhan chtnh gdy an mPn c6t thep trong BTCT [1 ]. Viet Nam c6 (Judng hb bten dai, so lUpng cac c6ng trinh BTCT l&m viec trong moi trU6ng biln la dang kl, Vei hien tai dang b\ hu hai nghiem trgng anh hudng den khi nang chiu luc cua cong trinh [4]. Hien nay, cd hai phu'dng phap dupc ap dung de phuc hoi ket cau khi qua trinh an mon dang di^n ra la:
phuong phap bao ve catot vh phUOng phap dien hoa rut do trong ket cau betong cot thep.
Ci hai phuong phdp tren deu sCr dung mot d6ng d\in mflt chieu dat len be mat betong di chuyin hoa cot thep b! an m i n til vCing anot va catot den mot anot mdi b&n ngoai be mat betdng. Vdi phuong phap dien hda rut cio sif dung ddng dien cao trong khodng thdi gian khodng 6 - 10 tuan, phan ldn ion cio dUoc rut ra khoi bfetdng, dong thdi ham luong ion cio cdn lai tren be mat cot thep thip hon ngUdng ndng dd an mdn l/u dilm co bcin cCia phuong phap dien hda nit cio trong ket cau bfetdng cdt thep la gidm thdi gian cung nhu chi phi bdo tri sCra chCa so vdi phuong phdp bdo ve catot, mpt trong so dd la phuong phap dien hda,
Bai bao nay trinh bay nghien cilu dnh hudng cCia nong do dung dich dien phdn Ca(OH)j den hieu qua ciia phuong phdp dien hda nit muoi do trong BTCT thdng qua viec danh gia dien trd suat cila bfetdng, ham lupng ion do phan bo trong Idp betdng bdo ve va cau tnic ciia betdng theo thdi gian difen hoa. Thdi gian dien hda keo ddi 8 tuan va sirdung mat dp ddng dien la l A / m l Ndng dd dung dich difen phan sil dung la 0,01 M; 0,02M vd 0,03M,
io.2oi5SHniEi!i!aa 7 5
Bdng l:Thanh phan hda SlO;
21.66 Al:0,
t%) 558
FejO,
2.79 SOj
2 32 MfO
2 55 va k h o a n g cCa
c,s
58 3 C3S (*4) 22.6
C^
64 xi m a n g PC C^AF
101 MKN
P4) 072
NaiO
0.15 K,0 Ci) 0J4
C»0
63-92 Bdng 2:Cap phdi bfetdng Sli dung trong nghien ciJu Ky
hieu M3 M4 MS
NUdc ( k g / m ' )
164,29 185,71 157,14
Xi m a n g (kg/m^l 271,43 285,71 357,14
0 ^ ( k g / m ' ) 1071,43 1071,43 1142,86
(kg/m^) 678,57 678,57 678,57
Phu gia (ml/m^) 1071,43 1785,71 1428,57
NaCI (kg/mn
6,79 7,14 8,93 2. PhifOng p h ^ p difen hda r u t m u o i d o
t r o n g b e t d n g
Nguyfen ly cua phUong phap dien hda rut mu5l cio la sir dung dong dien mpt chieu tac dung iin be mat betdng de chuyen hoa cot t h ^ p bt an mdn til vCing anot va catot d i n mdt anot mdi ben ngoai b l m | t bfetdng. Qud trinh dn m d n cdt thep la mdt qud trinh dien hda dUoc m d t d t d m tat bang hai phuong trinh 1,2 vd 3 [ 1 , 2] cung vdi cdc dieu kifen CiSn thiet khac se xdy ra qua trinh an mdn cdt thfep. Trong qud trinh difen hda se sCr dung ddng difen mdt chieu vao mdt anot tam thdi ap len be mat betdng den cdt th^p, ddng dien n^y cd cUdng dp dii de ngdn cdn phdn litig xdy ra.Tren be mat thep chl xdy ra mdi phdn iing (1) 6 viing catot.
Fe=Fe^" + 2e (1) Oj + 2H^0 + 4e = [40H] (2) 2Fe + 2H^O + O^ = 2Fe(0H), (3) H3O + e = H + OH (4) lon hydroxyt tao thdnh d phan img (4) se lam tang tinh kiem vd giiip hlnh thanh Idp thu dpng tren be mat cd thfep da bi phd hiiy do xdm thUc d o , Tuy nhien, nguyfen tCr hydro tao thanh ttr phdn iing tren cd the khuyech tdn vao thfep vd llfen k i t trong mang lUdi t i n h the cua thfep, Idm gidm cudng d p ciia thep hay gidm khd ndng chju lUc ciia ket cau betdng cdt thep.
Bdn than ion d o mang dien the am va nd sfe bi day ra xa khdi cue catot, nd se di c h u y i n ve phia anot mdi ia tam kim loai dp len trfen be mat bfetdng vd tao thanh khi cio di vdo dung dich dien phan dUpc md ta nhU phuong trinh (5)15,61.
ZCr-.CI,t t2a- AOtr -tan,l) + 0,t 4e- 2Hfi ->A>r fOi* 4e"
m Iml |*iiol)
HaoSm [ +
<l*n « -
Tswm
Hinh 1: Mo hinh dien hoa nJI do trong kft du BTCT
2C|- = CI^ + 2e- (5) NhCmg phSn iJng khac xdy ra d anot tao thanh khi oxy:
2 0 H = H j O + 1 6 0 , + 2e- (6) Hp = ViOj + 2H* + 2e- (7) Phan umg (6) la phdn iing trung hda cua phan ling (4), nghfa Id lon OH" tao thdnh d catot se phan ly tao thanh ion H* d a n o t Idm giam kha nang tai tao Idp thu ddng quanh cdt thep.Trong qua trinh dien hda nit d o tai anot mdi dupc dp len b l mat betdng la nai lon Cl tap trung n h i l u nhat va mdt phan ion Cl se tac dung vdi nUdc tao thanh HCI va HCIO nhu md td d phan iJng (8). D o n g thdi, dUdi tdc dung ciia ddng dien ion Cu'*^ se tac dung vdi ion OH" trong dung dich tao thanh hop chat CuOH)^ nhu md td 6 phdn iing (9).
CI, + H,0 = HCI+HCIO (8) Cu + OH = Cu(OH), (9) 3 . N g u y e n v | t l i e u 5 i J r d u n g v ^ t h U c n g h i e m Cac nguyen lieu chfnh si!r dung trong nghien cilu ndy gdm cd: xl mang PC50, cat, da, nudc, phu gia sieu deo, dien cue lUdi ddng va dung dich dien phdn Ca(OH)^
Cdt lieu Idn sir dung Id dd dam cd D , ^ - 20mm, cap phdi hat ciia da nam trong gidi han cho phep cua tifeu chuan. Cdt lieu nhd sir dung la cat sdng hat to cd M^, = 2,58, cap phoi thdnh phan hat ciia cat ndm trong gidi han cho phep ciia tieu chuan, ham luong bui bun set 0,8%.
Trong nghifen ciJu ndy sCr dung dung djch dien phan Ca(OH), vdi 3 ndng dp khac nhau la 0,01 M;
0,02M va 0,03M.
Nghien ciiu danh gid anh hudng ciia nong dp cua dung dich dien phan den hieu qud cua phUdng phap dien hda nit d o trong mau BTCT d 3 mac betong khde nhau. Mau dUpc diic va dudng hd trong dieu kien chuan trong 28 ngdy (ke ca ngay due mau). Mau BTCT dUoc dien hda cd kich thudc d l S0-h300, d chinh giu'a cd thep d l 4 m m v a dai 300mm.Trong mau BTCT cd trdn sdn mpt ham luong mudi NaCI vdi ham lUpng 2,5% so vdi khdi lUpng xi mang, tUOng dUOng vdi ham lUpng Cl Id 1,53%, Cap phoi bfetdng duoc sil dung de nghien ciiu dUoc cho trong bang 2.
Phan cot thfep khdng dupc betdng bao ve
duoc Sdn m d t Idp son trong qua trinh dudng hd trudc khi dien hda vd trudc khi hit dau dien hda sfe cao bo Idp son d d . Khi ket thuc dudng hd, tien hanh d o dien t r d suat cOa mau betdng cdt t h e p de tinh toan dien trd, cudi cung la quan ludi dong de tien hanh dien hda n i t d o .
Qui Udc ky hieu mau:
M3, 4, 5 - 001 - 1: la mau cd cUdng dd 30MPa, 40MPa va 50MP3 ngdm trong dung djch Ca(OH)j nong d p 0,01 M cho ddng difen cd mdt d p l A / m ^ d i q u a .
M3, 4, 5 - 002 - 1: la mdu CO cudng d^
30MPa, 40MPa vd SOMPa ngam trong dung dich Ca(0H)2 ndng d p 0,02M cho dong dien cd mdt d P I A / m M i q u a
M3, 4, 5 - 003 - 1: Id mSu cd cUdng dp 30MPa, 40MPa vd SOMPa ngdm trong dung dich Ca(0H)2 nong d p 0,03M cho ddng dien c6 mdt d d l A / m ' d i q u a
4 . Ket q u i n g h i e n ciJiu
4.1. Hdm lugng ion do cdn lai trong bitdng trong qud trinh dien hda
K i t q u d phan tich hdm lUdng ion d o cdn lai trong mSu BTCT duoc trinh bay trong bdng 3.
Dua vao ket qua tren cCing vdi ham lUpng ion d o trong dung djch dien phdn cd the danh gid chinh xdc hieu qua cung nhU cdc yeu t d dnh hudng den hieu qud ciia phUdng phap dien hoa nit d o trong k i t du BTCT Ham iUong do tdi han gay an mdn nay khdng on dmh vd t^y thupc theo dieu kien cu the d ti/ng khu vUc. d n h i l u nudc ham lUpng d o bSng 0,4% theo kh6i luong xi mang dupc sCr dung lam ham lUpng tieu c h u i n d e phdn cap miic dp an mdn cdng trinh khi thiet ke, dUa vao dd phan cap mu'c dd an m d n theo ham luong d o nhUsau [1]:
- Khi ham lUpng d o dUdi 0,4% It cd khd ndng phdt sinh dn m d n
- Ham luong cio trong khodng 0,4 - 1% ed khd nang phat sinh an mdn.
- H a m lupng d o trong khoang 1 - 2 % c d k h d nang phat smh an mdn cao.
- Ham lupng d o trfen 2% chdc chdc phdt sinh an mdn.
Nhu k i t qud dupc trinh bay trong bdng 3, hdm lupng ion d o cdn lai trong mau BTCT sau 8 tuan dien hda deu khdng nSm trong viing phdt smh dn m o n . DUa tren k i t qua dUpc trinh bdy nhdn thay cang tang nong dp dung dich dien phan luong ion d o cdn lai trong BT cang th3p, nhUng mu'c d p dnh hudng khdng Idn. Trong difen trudng cdc hat mang di^n chiu tac dung ciia life dien, ndi ddn gidn trong difen trUdng cac hat tich dien ciing dau se day nhau, cdn cdc hat tich dien trai dau sfe hut nhau Theo djnh luat Coulomb lUc tuang tdc giCra hai dien tich CO d p ldn tj le thuan vdi tich cdc dien tich vd t J le nghich vdi binh phuong khodng each giCia ehiing. Theo djnh nghfa trfen, cdc Ion dm trfen bi mat cot thep se chju tac d y n g ciia life day do cdt thep tfch dien am vd luc hiit do ludi ddng tieh difen d u o n g .
7 6 SBESIE1S3 10.2015
Bdng 3: Ham luong ion d o trong BT sau khi tien hdnh dien hda (%khdi lUpng BT)
K i h i e u m S u
M3-001-1 M4-001-1 M5-001-1 M3-002-1 M4-002-1 M5-002-1 M3-003-1 M4-003-1 M5-0D3-1
Sau 4 tuan dien hda 0 - 2 0
(mm) 0.13 0,18 0,18 0,13 0,24 0,20 0,13 0,16 0.19
2 0 - 4 0 (mm) 0,13 0,14 0,16 0,12 0,15 0,16 0,16 0,16 0,18
4 0 - 6 0 (mm) 0,10 0,10 0,11 0,08 0,10 0,11 0,13 0,11 0,10
Sau 8 tuan dien hoa 0 - 2 0
(mm) 0,12 0,14 0,14 0,13 0,15 0,16 0,11 0,16 0.17
2 0 - 4 0 (mm) 0,13 0,11 0,13 0,11 0,12 0,15 0,12 0,12 0,12
4 0 - 6 0 (mm) 0,08 0,07 0,09 0,07 0,09 0,09 0,08 0,10 0,08
Bdng 4: Du dodn toe do dn mdn cdt thfep dUa vao dien t r d suat ciia bfetdng
Bdng 5:Difen t r d suKt ciia bfetdng trudc va sau khi tien hanh dien hda Ki hieu mau
M3-001-1 M4-001-1 M5-D01-1 M3-002-1 M4-002-1 M5-002-1 M3-003-1 M4-003-1 M5-003-1
O i e n t r d 5 u £ t | k n . c m ) TrUdc khi dien hda
7,00 8,10 11,00 7,00 8,10 11,00 7,00 8.10 11,00
Sau khi dien hda 7,50 8,50 11,50 9,57 11,50 15,00 7,37 11,37 13,00
Dd chenh lech trUdc va sau khi dien hda
(%) '
7 5 5 37 42 36 5 40 18 Bdng6:HamlU0ng
Ky hieu mau
M3-001-1 M4-001-1 M5-001-1 M3-002-1 M4-002-1 M5-002-1 M3-003-1 M4-003-1 M5-003-1
T u ^ n l 12,73 9,49 8,11 12,68 10,60 9,35 12,49 10,60 8,76
on trong dung dich dien phan Ham iuong Tuan 2
13,16 10,95 9,06 11,92 12,14 11,03 13,45 12,14 10,37
Tuan 3 7,00 6,33 5,70 9,22 5,13 4,89 9,00 8,55 8,76
hay doi theo thdi gtan dien hda ion cio trong dung dich dien p h (% khdi luonq xi mdnq)
Tuan 4 14,30 10,50 8,60 14,11 13,36 11,87 15,01 13,90 12,10
Tuan 5 12,00 8,30 8,20 11,38 11,54 10,47 12,61 12,73 12,53
Tuan 6 11,51 11,03 9,15 12,75 11,66 10,23 12,57 11,98 12.38
an Tuan 7
8,68 6,46 7,81 10,27 9,45 8,88 11.15 10,08 11,03
Tuan 8 5,00 4,57 4,58 6,37 10,40 9,42 10,62 10,40 n , 7 i
Dien t r d sudit(k n . c m )
> 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 5 - 1 0
< 5
Toe dd an mon cot t h e p Rat t h a p Thdp
Cao Rat cao
^^^^HjH
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
^•__Z^^B
^^^^^H^^IHI^^^I
^^^^^H^^^^l
4.2. Anh hudng cda qud trinh dien hoa den l a m d t q u d t r i n h d i f e n h d a , nen dien t r d suat ciia diin trd sudt eua betdng BT cd moi quan he chat chfe vdi tde d d dn mdn.
Do qua trinh an m d n cdt thep trong BTCT Tde d o dich chuyen ddng ion phu thupc vao
Hinli 2' Be mat cot th^p sau 8 tuin dien hoa 1) Mau dien hoa v6\ mat flo ding flien 1 Mm';
2) Mau khong flien hoa Hinh 2: Be nnat tot thep sau 8 tuan dien hoa
1) Mau dien hoa vdi mat do dong dien lA/m';
2) Mau khong dien hoa
dien t r d suat ciia BT. Oe xac dinh dien t r d suat ciiabetdngcansirdyngmpt bodocdien trdvd thanh dd Wenner Difen trd suat ciia betong cd the sir dung de du dodn khd ndng an mdn cdt thep trong kit cau BTCT
Sau khi kitthue qud trinh difen hda, dien trd suat do duoc trong eae trUdng hop deu tang so vdi dien trd trUdc khi tien hanh dien hoa. 0 nhu'ng mau M3 cd t^ sd N/X cao nhat cd difen trd suat thap va theo qui dmh cho thay tde dd an mdn cot thep cao, con d nhu'ng mau M4 va M5 cd tj sd N/X thSp cd difen trd suat cao hon va tdc dp an mdn edt thfep deu nSm trong viing thap Kit qud do difen trd suat sau khi difen hda d cde trudng hop deu tang so vdi ban dau cho th^y su djch chuyen ciia ion trong dung dich 16 rong da giam Dong thdi dieu nay cho thay dieu kien dien hda dp dyng phii hop de khde phu mpt phan tac hai ciia phUOng phap difen hoa din cau true ciia bfetdng, nhutang dP rdng, tdng tinh tham, niit bfetdng, v.v.,..
4.3. Hdm lugng ion do trong dung dich dien phdn thay doi theo qud trinh dien hda
Khi dp dung phuong phap difen hda nit d o trong mau BTCT, ion d o sfe dich chuyen t i r b l mat cot thep tdi anot bfen ngoai vd tao thdnh khi Clj thoat ra bfen ngodi Tuy nhifen, ed mdt phan ion cio tdc dung vdi dung dieh difen phan tao thdnh axit HCI hoac HCIO, De xae dinh ham luong ion d o gidt phdng trong dung dich difen phan trong dieu kien difen hda khac nhau, tien hdnh lay mau dung dieh d moi thung dien phan sau mdi tuan va tien hanh chuan d p d l xac djnh lUdng ion d o trong dung dich va t h d n g sd d d cd t h i diing de tham khdo so sdnh giCra hdm
177
luong ion d o ban dau dua vao la 1,5% sau qud trinh dien hda dd gidm bao n h i l u phan tram.
Mdc dCi, ham lupng d o thodt ra dung dich dien phan khdng the d i i n g de danh gia true t i l p dnh hudng cOa p h u o n g phap dien hda den t i n h chat eiia bfetdng va cot thep sau khi dien hoa, nhung cd the sif dung di gidm sat suot qua trinh t i l n hdnh difen hda. Hon nCra, dUa vdo lupng ion d o trong moi thiing difen hda xde djnh d moi tuan ta cd t h i d u d o d n tuong ddi miie dp dnh hudng ciia phuong phdp difen hda nit d o trong mau bfetdng c6t thfep d eae d i l u kien khae nhau, n h u mdt d p ddng dien, ndng dp dung dich difen phan, chiit lUcmg BT vd tif do cd t h i danh gid chdc chdc hifeu qud eiia phuong phdp dien hda rOt cio trong k i t cau BTCT, K i t qud do hdm luong ion d o trong dung dich dien phan dUOc trinh trong bdng 6,
Tir ket qud tren ta nhdn thay hieu qud cua phuong phdp dl^n hda nit cio trong BT phu thupc n h l l u vdo ndng d d dung djch dien phan, thdi gian difen hda va chat lupng ciia BT. Khi tdng ndng d d dung djch difen phdn th) luong ion d o trong dung djeh difen phdn cang tang.
Nhdn thay rSng, hdm luong ion d o trong dung djch dien phan khdng phu thude vdo th£ri gian dien hda. K i t qud chuan dp cho thay lUdng ion d o trong dung dich giam dSn theo thdi gian, nhUng sau khi Idm mdi dung dich va lUdi ddng lupng ion cio trong dung dieh lai tang. Cd t h i gidi thich hien tUOng tren Id do tdc dung eiia ddng difen tao nen dien trUdng giUa edt thfep (tich difen dm) vd lUdi dong (tich dien dUOng), Trong difen trudng cac hat mang dien deu chiu tde dung cOa lUc difen, dudi tae dung ciia lUc difen ede ion duong (Ca'% Cu") se djch c h u y i n v l cdt thep, edn edc ion dm (Ci) sfe djch c h u y i n tdi ludi ddng di vdo dung dich difen phdn, DUdi tdc dung khdng lien tuc eiia lUc difen ed the Idm thay doi tinh chat ciia dung dich Id rong va ed t h i lam thay doi cau tnic rdng ciia betdng.
Ddng thdi dUdi tdc dung eiia lyc dien trong ^ e n trudng cd the phd vd lifen k i t ciia cac ion elo lifen k i t nen ham luong ion elo t u do trong dung djch 16 rong tang len. Dudi tdc dung cua ddng difen Idm dich c h u y i n cac lon (ion dUong va ion dm) trong dung djch 16 rdng, tao nfen mot vdng t u i n hoan. Khi edc ion duong dich ehuyin tdi b l mat cdt thfep thi can mdt lupng ion am djch e h u y i n theo chieu ngupc theo nguyen ly can bdng difen tich, ddng thdi do di§n tfeh ciia ion duong Idn hon nfen can mdt lupng lon am Idn d l duy tri vdng tuan hoan. Khi ndng d p dung dich Ca(OH)j edng tdng thi edc ton C a " phan li edng n h i l u , khi d d ndng do cac ion am Cl- sfe tdng de trung hda di?n tIchcOa vong tu5n hoan.
5. K ^ l u a n
Nghien ciiu da khdo sat anh hudng eiia ndng d d dung dich dien phan Ca(0H)2 d i n hifeu qud ciia phuong phdp difen hoa thuc hien trong 8 t u a n , tif k i t qud thyc nghiem cd t h i rut ra m d t sd k i t luan sau:
. Dien t r d suat ciia mau BTCT xac djnh trude va sau khi difen hda khdng chenh lech n h i l u vd gan nhu bang nhau d mdt sd dieu kifen difen hda;
• Ham lupng lon d o trong dung djch dien phan t J le thudn vdi ndng dd dung dieh dien phdn khi c6 dmh mat do ddng difen;
• Ham lupng Ion cio cdn l^i trong BT tj lfe nghjch vdi nong do dung djch dien phan. Theo k i t qud nghien ciJu ham lUpng ion d o tai b l mat cdt thfep g i i m manh [gidm khoang 40-60%
so vdi trudc khi dien hda) sau khi t i l n hanh difen hda vd sau 8 tuan dien hda van cdn hdm lupng ion elo trong BT.
Ldi earn on
Nghifen ciJu nay dUpc tdi trO bdi TrUdng Dai Hpc Bdeh Khoa - Dai hoc Qudc gia Thanh phd Hd Chf Minh trong khudn kho d l tai md so T-KTXD-2014-5S,
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
l.TrSn Van Mien Nguyen \ran Chanh, An mon va Chflng an mon belong cot t h ^ , NXB Dai hoc QuflcGia TP Ho Chl M m h , 2010.
2, John P, Broomtield, Corrosion of Steel in Concrete, t & FN Spon, UK, 1997.
3, Michael Peter Webster, T h e Assessment of corrosion- damaged concrete strctuies," U n i w 5 i t y of Biimingham, Bnmingham, UK, PhD Thesis 2000.
4 Le Xuan Lam, "Nghien cuXi anh hudnq cia phuong phap dien hoa nit d o trong ket cau be ong cot thep,"Sai hoc Bdch Khoa TR Ho ChiMinh, Ludn vanThacsi, 2011
5. G.E. Abdeialim, A M K, and Fawzy Abdelaziz, 'Evaluation of short and long-term efhciencies of electra-chemical eHraction,"Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 39, pp, 727-732
6. G, Escadeillas, G. Arliguie G. Fajaido, "Electrochemical dilonde extractin (ECE) for steel-relnfoiced concrete specimens contaminated by'aitificiarsea-water,"Corrosion Sience,voL4fi, pp 110-125
7. C M . Hansson and B.B, Hope I D , Marcotte, "The effect of electrochemical chloride extraction treatment on steel- reinforced Motar-Part1:Electrachemi(almeasi]rement,''Cement and Concrete Research, vol, 29, pp. 155S-1S60,
8. C M Hansson and B.B, Hope TD, Marcotte, "The effect of electrochemical chloride extraction treatment on steel- reinforced Motar - Part II Microstnjtturai charactenzation,' Cement and Concrete Research, vol, 29, pp, 1561-1568
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