B l 50 NAM THl/C mtNDI CHOC CUA CHp TjCH H 6 CHI MINH
DIEU MONG MUON CUOI CUNG TRONG Dl CHUC CUA CHU TKH HO CHI MINH
• NGUYEN VAN C 6 N G Khu Di tich Chil tich Ho Chi Minh
tgi Phu Chu tich
• Torn tdt: Di chiic ciia Chu tich Ho ChiMinh la tdi sdn vo gid cita Bdng vd nhdn ddn ta, cd gid tri ly luan vd thiic tiin to Idn ve nhieu mat, dd la sii ket tinh cua tinh hoa vdn hda ddn tgc vdi tinh hoa vdn hda nhdn logi. Id nhiing chi ddn quy bdu. Id nguon co vd, dgng vien to Idn vdi todn Ddng todn ddn, todn qudn trong sU nghiep xdy diing vd bdo ve To quoc.
• TU khda: Di chuc cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh.
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i chuc cita Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh dupe Ngudi viet va sua nhieu lan trong giai doan 1965-1969, thdi diem code khdng ehiin chdng My cuu nude diin ra hit siic dc hit va cd nhirng dau mdc quan ttong; each mang dii cdn khd khan, song dang tren da thdng lgi, ddi hoi su doan kit, chien dau ben bi ciia toan Dang, todn qudn, toan dan vdi niim tin virng chdc vao thang loi cudi cimg.Nhiing but tieh cua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh cdn luu lai trong cac ban Di chuc da cho thay, day la van ban dupe Nguoi tap trung thdi gian, suy nghi, chinh sira nhieu nhat so vdi cac vdn ban but tich di lai, Dieu dd thi hiin tinh than trach nhiem cua Ngudi trude su nghiep each mang cua dan tdc, dd cdn ta tam long ctia vi lanh tu vdi tuang lai dat nude. Ban Di chuc cdn mang net ddc dao rat riing, dd la, dti biit tieh Bac ghi rd "Tuyet ddi bi mat", nhung day lai la tai lieu duoc cdng bd rpng rdi nhat, dupe nhieu
the h i hpc tap, noi theo. Toan van Di chuc eiia Chii lich Ho Chi Minh da dugc Bp Chinh tri cho cdng bd va xuat ban eimg ngay td ehiie li qudc tang (9-9-1969). Di chucva toan bd tu tuong eua Ngudi la tai san vd gia de lai cho Dangva nhan dan ta.
La ngudi sang lap, giao due va ren luyen Dang ta, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da dan ddt Dang va dan tdc ta di ttr tiidng loi nay den thdng loi khac, Ngudi dac biet quan tam can dan:
"Truoc hit ndi vi Dang" va nhan manh "Doan ket la mdt truyen thdng cue ky quy bau cua Dang va ciia dan ta". Ngudi tam huyit nhde nhd eac ddng chi tu Trung uong den cdc chi bd
"can phai giu gin su doan kit nhat tri cua Dang nhu giu gin con nguoi ciia mat minh"'"
Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh ciing chi m, mudn lam duge viic dd thi trong Dang phdi doan ket nhat tri, thuc hanh ddn chu, tu phe binh va phe binh, phai cd linh dong ehi thuong yeu Idn
LV LUAN CHiNHTR!-S6 5/2019
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nhau. Ddc biet Nguoi nhan manh: "Dang ta la mpt dang earn quyen. Mdi dang vien va can bp phai that su tiiam nhuan dao due each mang, that su can kiem liim chinh, chi cdng vd tu.
Phai giu gin Dang ta that trong sach, phai xiing dang la ngudi lanh dao, la ngudi day ta that trung thanh ciia nhan dan"'^', Trong hai eau ngdn ggn nhung Ngudi liin tiep sti dung hai tir
"that su" va "that" nhu mdt ldi nhdn giri mang tinh quy luat, phd biin, phai lam thudng xuyen, liin tuc, neu khdng Dang khd ldng giii viing vai trd cam quyen eua minh.
Di thue hien doan ket, thdng nhat trong Dang, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh yiu cdu phdi thuc hiin cac nguyin tdc td chiie va sinh hoat cua Dang, lam cho Ddng ta thdt su trong sach, vung manh. Ngudi ehi rd: "viec can phai lam trude tien la chinh don lai Dang, lam cho mdi dang vien, moi doan vien, mdi chi bd diu ra siic lam trdn nhiem vu Ddng giao phd cho minh, toan tam toan y phuc vu nhdn dan. Lam dupe nhu vay, thi dir cdng viec to 1cm may, khd khan may chiing ta eung nhat dinh thdng Ipi"'-''.
Trong Di chuc, Ngudi eung chi rd: "Cuoc khang chien chong My co thi kio dai may ndm mia.,," vd "Dii khd khan gian khd din may, nhan dan ta nhat dinh se hoan toan thdng lgi""'. Sau khi chien tranh ket thuc, Ngudi cdn dan: "cdng viec todn dang, toan quan va toan dan ta phai ra sire lam la mau chdng ban gdn vet thuong nghiem trpng do de quoe My gay ra ttong cude chien tranh xam lupe da man"''^'. Dd ia cdng viec khd khan, vd eting phire tap nin Ngudi rdt quan tam can ddn trong Di chuc.
Ddi vdi Doan vien thanh niin, trong Di chuc, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh chi rd vai trd eua thanh niin trong su nghiep each mang, xay dung va bao ve Td qudc, la dpi hau bi ciia Dang, la ngudi chu tuong lai ciia dat nude, do vay Dang
phai chdm lo bdi dudng dao due each mang cho hp. Dd la the hien su quan tam sau sdc ciia Dang va Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh ddi vdi viee bdi dudng the hi cdch mang cho ddi sau. Ngudi can dan va nhan manh; "Dang can phai cham lo giao due dao diic each mangcho hg, dao tao hg thanh nhung ngudi thira ki xay dung chii nghia xd hdi vira "hdng" vira "chuyen".
Bdi dudng thi he each mang cho ddi sau la mdt viec rat quan trgng va rat can thiit""^'.
Dan tdc ta dd trdi qua nhiiu cude chiin tranh chdng gidc ngoai xam bao ve nin ddc lap dan tpc. Sau mdi lan chiin thdng, dng cha ta lai ed ki sach de bdi dudng sue dan, tdng cudng lire lupng. Di chuc eua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da ke thira truyen thdng quy bau do eiia dan tde ta. Vdi tinh thuong bao la danh eho mpi tang Idp nhan dan, Ngudi dac biit quan tam va can dan: "Nhdn dan lao ddng ta d miin xudi cung nhu mien niii, da bao ddi chiu dung gian khd, bi chi dp phong kiin vd thuc dan dp birc bde lot, lai kinh qua nhieu chien tranh (...) Dang can phai cd k€ hoach that tdt di phdt trien kinh te va van hda, nhdm khdng ngimg nang cao dai sdng cua nhan dan"^''\
Ldi cdn dan cua Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh vi nhan dan chimg td Ngudi hieu than dao nggn ngudn vi nhdn dan, thuc su quan tam lo ldng cho ddn va mdi quan he giua Dang vdi dan, ddn vdi Ddng. Trong tinh thuang bao la ddnh cho mpi tang Idp nhdn dan, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh trdn trd nhiiu din ndng dan, Ngudi nhan manh nhirng ddng gdp to Idn ciia ndng dan, vai trd cua ndng dan doi vdi su nghiep each mang eiia nude nhd: "Trong bao nam chdng thuc dan Phap, tiep den chdng de qudc My, ddng bao ta, nhat la ddng bao ndng dan da ludn hit siic trung thanh voi Dang va Chinh phu ta, ra stic gdp cua gdp ngudi, vui long chiu
LVLUAN CHINH TRj-So 5/2019
50 NAM THirC HIEN D ; CHUC CpA CHU TICH HO CHl M I N H
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Doan cuoi Irong Di chiic cua Chii tich Hd Chi Mmh _ Anh: TL
dung mpi kho khan gian kho. Nay ta da hoan viia giao due, vira dung phap luat de cai tao hp, toan thang loi, toi coy de nghi miSn thue nong giup do hp tro nen nhitng nguoi lao dpng nghiep mot nam cho cac hpp tac xa san xuat luong thien"""'.
nong nghiep de cho ddng bao hi ha, mat da. Trong Di chuc, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh dua ra mat long, them nhieu phan khoi, day manh loi tien doan co tinh chat khang dinh, nhu mot san xuat"'"'. tat yeu ciia lich sit; "Cuoc klrang chien chong Doi vol con nguoi, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh can My c6 the keo dai may nam niia. Dong bao ta dan: "Dau tien la cong viec doi vol con nguoi, c6 the hy sinh nhieu ciia nhieu ngucn. Dii sao, Ddi voi nhiing nguoi da dung cam hy sinh chiing ta phai quyet tam danh giac My den mpt phan xuong mau ciia minh(...). Dang, thing loi hpan toim""". Trong Dj diiic, Nguoi Chinh phu va ddng bao phai tim moi each lam viet;" ...Toi mong ring. Dang ta se ra sue hoat cho hp cd noi an chon dyen dn, ddng thai phai dpng, gop phan dSc liic vao viec khoi phuc lai mo nhiing lop day nghe thich hpp vol mdi khoi doan ket giiia cac dang anh em tren nen nguoi de hp CO the dan dan "tu luc each sinh" tang chii nghia Mac - Lenin va chii nghia nuoc {...), quyet khpng de hp bi dpi ret"'"'. Ngay dpi te vo san, co ly, co tinh""^'.
vpi nhung nan nhan cua che dp xa hpi cu, Sudt doi phuc vu nhan dan, dat nuoc trone Ngudi ciing nhac nho "Nha nuoc phai dung Di chuc. Chu tich Hd Chi Minh khdng de c"
LY LUAN CHiNHTRhSo 5/2019
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din "ca nhan" hay "ban than", ma ndi "ve viec rieng", bdi sudt ddi Ngudi phan dau eho hanh phiie chung cua toan dan. Cdi riing cua Ngudi hda trong cai chung cua dan tdc. Suot ddi Ngudi vi dan, vi nude, vi Dang, nen khdng lue nao Ngudi nghi den ban than minh. Trudc liic dixa, Nguoi "khdng cd dieu gi phai hdi ban" vi da phue vu cdch mang, phuc vu nhan ddn h i t siic, het long. Ngudi "ehi tiec la tiic rdng khdng dupe phue vu lau hon nua, nhieu ban nira", va
"de lai mudn van tinh than yeu" cho toan dan, toan Dang, cho toan the bp dpi, eho eac chau thanh nien va nhi ddng""^'.
Ttr ngay Chii tich Hd Chi Minh di xa d i n nay, toan Dang, toan dan ta ra siic va quyet tam thuc hien Di chiic thieng liing ciia Ngudi, lay nhiim vu xay dung Dang la then chdt, phat trien kinh te la trpng tam, cung vdi phat triin van hda la n i n tang tinh than cua xd hpi. Cacb mang nude ta phai trai qua mudn van thii thach, du t h i gidi biin ddi khdn ludng, toan Dang vd toan ddn ta nguyen sdng chien ddu, lao dgng va hpc tap theo guong Bae Hd vi dai.
Thuc hiin diing nhu ldi t h i ma ddng chi Li Duan, Bl thu thii nhat, tuyin dgc khi vinh biit Bac Hd, chung ta quyit tam thuc h i i n nhiing dieu Bac can dan trong Di chuc: "mang la cd bach chien bdch thdng eiia HO CHU TICH tdi dich cudi cung""*'.
50 nam thuc hien Di chue Bae Hd, Ddng va nhan dan ta da dat duge nhieu thdng lgi va thanh tuu to Idn, dua dat nude phat trien nhanh, ben viing len mgt tam eao mdi. Song, vdn edn nhiiu thieu sdt, yiu kem, ehua lam dug€ nhieu diiu nhu Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh da can dan. Trong viic xay dimg Dang, xay dung Nha nude, thue hien quyen lam ehu eiia nhan dan va khdi dai doan kit toan dan tpc, ben canh nhimg thanh tim va uu diim dang ke,
ehung ta edn vap phai khdng it sai lam va khuyet diem, Su suy thoai ve ehinh tri, tu tudng, dao diie, ldi sdng, su vi pham cac nguyin tac vi td chiie va sinh boat, su lam dung quyen lire, t i quan liiu, tham nhiing, ldng phi trong mdt bg phdn cdn bd, dang vien da ed nhirng tac ddng tieu cue d i n viec ndng cao nang luc lanh dao vd sire chien dau eua Dang, Idm giam sut Idng tin eua nhan dan doi vdi Dang, vdi che dp. Cugc van ddng xay dung, chinh ddn Dang dugc tiin hanh trong nhiiu nam qua, dac biit Id Cude van ddng "Hpc tap va lam theo tam guong dao diic Hd Chi Minh"
dupe phat ddng tir sau Dai hdi X din nay, ehinh la de Dang ta khde phuc yiu kem va khuyit diim, khdi phuc vd phat huy nhiing pham chat eao dep vdn cd.
Thue hiin Di chuc eua Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh, can bd, dang viin can khdng ngimg tu dudng dao diic each mang, that su "can, kiem, him, ehinh, ehi cdng vd tu". Ddng thdi, phai cd ban Hnh chinh tri virng vang, Idp trudng tu tudng kiin dinh, xdy dung Dang ta that su trong sach, viing manh, hoan thanh Idi Ngudi can dan trong Di chuc: "dieu mong mudn cuoi cung: "Toan Dang, todn dan ta doan ket phan dau, xay dung mgt nude Viit Nam hda binh, thdng nhat, dgc lap, dan ehii va giau manh, va gdp phan xiing dang vao su nghiep each mang the gidi ""^':D
(I), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15) Hd ChiMinh: Toan tap. t.l2, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2000, tt.497,498, 503, 498, 503, 498, 498, 504, 503-504, 504, 498,499,500.
519,512.
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