Tap chi Khoa hpc vi Phat trifin 2012: Tgp 10. s6 2: 325 - 329 TRUQNG DAI HQC NONG NGH1$P HA NQI
ANH HUdNG CUA TY LE Cd VOI {Pentiisetumpurpureunh VA RAU MUONG [ipomoea anuaticanmm KHAU PHAN DEN HIEU QUA SUT DUNG THUTC AN VA
NANG SUAT CUA T H 6 THIT NEW ZEALAND
Effects of Proportions of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Water Spinash {Ipomoea aquatica) in the Diet on Feed Utilization and Performances of
New Zealand White rabbits
Nguyln Xuan Trach, Nguyen Thj Dwffng Huyen, Nguyen Ngpc Bfing, Mai Thj Thffm Khoa Chdn nuoi vd Nudi trdng thiiy sdn, Trudng Dgi hgc Ndng nghidp Hd Ngl
Dia chi email tac gia lien hp: [email protected] Ngay gui bai: 02.12.2011 Ngay cli^p nhgn; 05.04.2012
TOM TAT
Mpt thi nghi?m nu6i duwng du^c tiln hinh nhim dinh g i i i n h huwig cua vi$c thay t h i cd voi (Pennisetum pumureunt^ bing rau mu6ng (Ipomoea aquatica) o cic mi>c khac nhau flin kha ning su- dyng thu-c an, tec dp sinh tmong va thinh phin than thjt cua tho ngo^i. Ting s6 30 thd d^re New Zealand 1,5 thing tuoi duyc phin ngiu nhien d i u vio 5 Id, m6i 16 6 con, d l cho in trong ldng cic the theo 5 khiu phin an khic nhau, trong dd thay t h i 0, 25, 50, 75 va 100% co voi bing rau m u ^ g . Kit qui cho thiy ring
Z
g Uiu nh^n VCK v i CHC thiro i n cao nhit khi rau mu6ng chilm 50-75% lu^ng ttitrc ^n xanh trong phin. Cing ting ty 1^ rau mu6ng thi lu^ng thu nhfin CP v i ty I9 tieu hoi cic thinh phin dinh 6{t&ng cua khiu phin cing tang len. Tang trpng cua tho tang ten (P<0,001) v i h$ 56 chuyin hoi thirc an (FCR) giam r i t ro r^t (P<0,001) khi ty I^ rau muong tang len cho din 75%. Tang tj 1^ rau mu6ng trong khiu phin thi kh6i iuong cv the^cung nhu- khdi iiFpng moc him hay khdi luvng thjt xd deu tang (P<0,01), nhutig t^ 1$cic thanh phan co* the v i thinh phin than thjt khong thay doi dang ke (P>0,05).
TCF khoi: Co voi, rau muong, ting trpng, thd, ty If tieu hoi.
SUMMARY
A feeding trial was carried out to determine effects of replacement of elephant grass [Pennisetum purpureum) with water spinash (Ipomoea aquatica) at different levels in the diet on feed utilization, growth and carcass performances of exotic rabbits. A total of 30 New Zealand White rabbits at 1.5 months of age were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 each to be fed individually on diets in which 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% elephant grass was replaced with water spinash. Results showed that intakes of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) were highest when water spinash accounted for 50-75% of forage in the diet. The more was the proportion of water spinash the more were the intake of protein (CP) and digestibilities. The average daily gain (ADG) was increased (P<0.001) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced accordingly (P<0.001) when the proportion of water spinash increased up to 75%. Live weight and carcass weight were increased (P<0.01) with the increase in the proportion of water spinash while the carcass composition was not significantly affected (P>0.05).
Key words: Digestibility, elephant grass, growth, rabbits, water spinash.
riAT \TA-M T\V' dudng thfi'p, thfim chi chi co mot loai cd duy 1. DAT VAN D E ^.^^^ j . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ jjg' ^^^^^ ^-^^^ ^^--j.
Chfit lupng kh^u p h i n thudng lfi mdt can bfing dinh du3ng, dfic biet lfi thieu y§u tS han ch^ chinh trong chfin nudi thd. protein trong kh^u ph£n, eac loai cay bO dau Trgn thUc te, tho nudi b nude ta thUdng dupc thucing lfi nguon thiic an quan trong dupc cho fin cac loai thUc fin cd chfi't lupng dinh diing de cung cfi'p protein cho tho (Cheeke, 325
Anh hu'd'ng cua ty 10 cd voi {Pennisetumpurpureum) va rau mu6ng... thd thjt Nev -'^l^nd •
1986). Ngofii ra, cd nhieu lo^i cfiy co khac ciing gifiu protein, trong dd cd nhiing lo^i rau cd ban dia pho bien nhU rau mud'ng, ciing c6 the sb dyng Ifim thdc fin cho tho (Hongthong Phimmmasan & cs., 2004; Nguyen Huu Tam
& cs., 2008). Tuy nhidn, vi^c sii dpng cfic lo^i rau cd ban dia d^ nudi thd ngo^i nhfip chUa dupe nghidn cUu nhieu. Bfii bfio nfiy trinh bfiy kd't qua mdt thf nghipm dfinh gifi anh hudng cua cfic ty lg phdi h(3p giiia co voi (Pennisetum purpureum), lfi mpt lo^i co gifiu xd, vdi rau mud'ng (Ipomoea aquatica), Ifi loai rau gifiu protein, b cac mUc khfic nhau den kha nfing sii dung thUc fin vfi nfing sufi't cua thd thit New Zealand.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHLTONG P H A P Mpt thi nghiem dupc ticn hfinh trong thang 9 vfi 10 nfim 2010 tai Trai ehfin nudi TrUdng Dai hoe Ndng nghiep Hfi Ndi. Tong so* 30 tho dUc New Zealand 1,5 thang tud'i dupc phfin nglu nhien dfi'u vfio 5 15, moi Id 6 con nudi trong long ca t h i cd mfing fin, mfing uong rieng vfi thiet bi thu phan rieng. Kh^u phan fin cua thd gom thdc (6,56% CP, 32,16% NDF, 15,00% ADF) b miic 2% the trpng vfi thUc fin xanh cho fin tU do gom cd voi (14,41% CP, 62,36% NDF, 33,10% ADF) vfi/hay rau mud'ng (27,08% CP, 30,07% NDF, 19,82% ADF) theo ty lp phdi hdp (ti'nh theo
%VCK) nhu sau:
Ld 1: 100% CO voi
Lo 2: 75% CO voi + 25% rau muong Ld 3: 50% co voi + 50% rau muf^ng Ld 4: 25% co voi + 75% rau muong Ld 5: 100% rau muong
TrUdc khi bfit d^u thi nghiem tho dupc tiem vacxin chong bai huy^t vfi tfiy k;^ sinh trung dUdng rupt. Thdi gian theo doi thf nghiem chfnh lfi 8 tuin sau mpt thdi gian cho fin thfch nghi lfi 7 ngfiy. Thiic fin xanh dUdc phoi hdp theo ty 1$ cua thig't ke thi
nghiem vfi cho fin mdi 3 l£n/iif^ay vfio cfic thdi di^m 8:00, 14:00, vfi 20:00h. Thdc dMt}c cho fin 1 Idn/ngfiy vfio liic ll:00h sang. Nudc udng dupe eung cfi'p ti; do sud't ngfiy dem.
Thd dupc can khdi lupng vfio diu thi nghidm vfi sau dd 7 ngfiy mpt lin vfio luc 7h sang, trudc luc cho thd fin. Tfing trpng ca kj dupe tfnh bfing ch^nh lech khSi lupng gifla dfiu vfi cudi thf nghidm. Tflng trpng binh qufin hfing ngfiy (ADG) dupc tfnh theo h§ B6 hdi quy tuy^n tfnh (slope) gifla kh6i lupng cfin hfing t u i n vfi thcfi gian nudi.
ThUe fin cho fin dUqIc cfin cho tflng con trUdc m6i bfla fin vfi thflc fin thfla dUdc cfin vfio huSi sang hfing ngfiy trUdc khi cho fin bfla diu tien. Mfiu thflc fin cho fin vfi mlu thflc fin thfla dupe Ifi'y de phfin tfeh thfinh phin hofi hpe. Tfl dd lUdng thu nh§n vfit chfit khd vfi protein hfing ngfiy eiia tho dupc tfnh tofin theo khdi lupng tuyet doi vfi theo phin trfim the trpng. H? sd* chuyen hoa thflc fin (FCR) dUdc tfnh bfing ty le VCK thu nhfin/tfing trpng.
Trong thdi gian gifla thf nghidm phfin ciia tho thai ra hfing ngfiy dupe thu lien tuc theo tflng ca the trong 7 ngfiy li^n de tinh lupng phan td'ng sd" vfi Ifi'y mfiu phan tfch thfinh p h i n hoa hpc de tinh ty Ie tieu hoi vfit chfi't kho (VCK). chfi't hflu cd (CHC), protein thd (CP), NDF vfi ADF. Cac thfinh phin VCK, khoang td'ng so (de tfnh CHC) vi CP dupe phan tich theo AOAC (1990), cdn cfic thfinh p h i n NDF vfi ADF dU^c phan tfch theo Van Soest & cs (1991).
Vfio cudi thi nghidm, moi Id dUdc chon ngfiu nhien 3 thd de mo khao sat xfic dink khdl lupng vfi ty I§ mdc ham (cd the bd noi tang, Idng, da, tiet), khoi lupng vfi ty le thit xe (than thit khdng cd d i u vfi chan), ty Id npi tang (ca chfi't chfla) so vdi khoi lUdng song trudc khi giS't thit. D6ng thdi, cfic ty 16 dfii trUdc, dfli sau vfi thfin lUdn trong than thit xe cflng dUcjc xac dinh.
Nguyen XuSn Trach. NguySn Thi Dwang Huydn. Nguyin Nggc BSng. Mai Thj Tham
Sd lieu theo ddi tfi't ca cfic chi tieu dd'u
tinh tren tflng cfi the. So lidu tflng chi tidu dupc xfl ly thd'ng ke theo md hinh phan tfch phUdng sai mpt nhan to' bang phin mem Minitab 16. So sanh cfip ddi cac gia tri trung fainh theo phuOng phfip Tukey d mflc P<0,05.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Thu n h a n va tieu h o a thijfc an
Ke't qua theo doi thu nhfin thflc fin (Bang 1) cho thfi'y ty Id gifla co voi vfi rau muong trong khau phin cd anh hudng rfi't rd rdt (P<0,001) den lupng thu nhfin VCK, CHC cung nhu protein thd (CP) cua thd. Nd'u chi cho fin cd voi thi lupng thu nhfin thflc an ciia thd tha'p vfi thfi'p hdn ca khi chi eho fin rau muong. Lupng thu nhfin VCK va CHC thflc an cao nhfi't khi rau mud'ng chiem 50-75%
lupng thflc fin xanh trong khau phin. Tuy nhidn, cfing tang ty le rau mu^ng thi lupng
thu nhfin CP cfing tfing do ty Ig CP trong VCK cua rau mud'ng cao hdn rfi't nhieu so vdi cd voi.
Kd't qua thi nghiem d bang 2 cho thfi'y cfing tfing ty Ie rau muong trong kh^u phin thi ty Ig tidu hoa cfic thfinh phin dinh dUdng cua kh^u phin cfing tfing Ign, chflng td ty le tidu hoa cfic thfinh phin cua rau mud'ng cao hdn b i n so vdi cd voi. Ve nguyen 1;^ thi ty Id tieu hoa thfi'p se han che lupng thflc an fin vfio do chfi't chfla trong dudng rupt chfim dupc giai phdng. Dieu dd giai thich tai sao lupng thu nhfin VCK cfing thfi'p khi trong kh^u phin ty le co voi cfing cao nhu da thfi'y
b trong bang 1. Ke't qua nfiy cung phu hppvdi nghien cflu cua Nguyen Thi Kim Dong &
cs. (2006) cho thfi'y khi thay the cd long para bfing rau mud'ng trong kh^u phan an cd sd cua thd lai da lfim tfing rd ret ty le tieu hoa thflc an.
Bang 1. Anh h\ihng cua mufc t h a y the co voi bang r a u mud'ng d e n t h u n h a n thflc an
Chi ti6u Thu n h i n VCK:
g/con/ngiiy
% thi trgng Thu n h i n CHC g/con/ngSy
% thi trgng Thu nh$n protein tha (CP) g/con/ngay
% VCKthiivSn
0
65.4'=
4 , 4 3 '
60,6"=
4 , 1 1 "
6,9"
10,57' MiJc thay tb^
25 85,3"
5 , 1 9 "
78.3"
4 , 7 6 "
10,9'=
12,79"
CO voi bang 50
94,6'"
5 . 6 1 ' 8 6 , 5 "
5,13'
14,3°
15,10=
rau mu6ng {%) 75
95,8"
5,78' 87,4"
5,28'
16,5'"
17,14"
100
90,0'"
5,18'"
8 2 , 1 ' "
4,73'"
16,8' 18,60'
SEM
2,3 0.20
2,1 0,18 0,5 0,16
P
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
<0,001
Ghi chii: Trong cung hang, cac gia tri trung binh khong mang chfl cai nfio giong nhau thi khac nhau c6 y nghia thShg ke (P<0,05).
Bang 2. Anh hxidng cua mflc t h a y the co voi b a n g r a u mud'ng den tieu hoa thflc an
Ty 1$ ti&u h o i (%) VCK CHC CP NDF ADF
0 61,63*=
63,08'' 61,62'=
52.46"=
49,49"
Mu'c thay t h i cd voi b i n g 25
6 4 . ^ 1 " ' 65,45"
65,81"
59,49"
54,5"
50 65,42"
66,27"
65,30"
59,38"
54,23"
rau mu6ng (%) 75 69,85' 70,49' 71.13' 62,36' 57,19'
100 72,36' 73.06' 74,05' 62,67"
58,66' SEM 0,71 0.77 0,86 1,13 1.18
P
<0,001
<0,001
<0.001
<0,001
<0,001
Ghi chii: Trong cung hang, cac gia tri trung binh khong mang chG cai nao giong nhau thi khac nhau co
y nghia thong ke (P<0,05).
Anh htfgng ciJa ty 1$ co voi (Pennisetum purpureum) vA rau muong . tho thit New Zealand
3.2. Tang t r o n g va hieu qufi sii d u n g nhu clu protein cua thd dvC(}c dap flng tot thflc an hdn nhU Nguyen Thi Kim Dong & cs.
Ke't qua thi nghidm (Bang 3) cho thfi'y ^2006) da cho thfi'y r^ng thay t h ^ thay th^
nd'u chl cd cd voi lfi thflc fin xanh duy nhfi't ^° '^"g P^^^ ^^ ^^"^ ^^"^"^ P'^'^*^"'^ '^^^
trong khiu p h i n thi tfing trong eua thd rfi't (12.9% CP) trong khfiu phfin fin cd sd bfing thfi'p (10,20g/con/ngfiy) vfi FCR rfi't cao ^«" ' " " ^ " S ^"^ ^^"^ ^^-^"^ P^°^^'" ' ^ °
,„ - ,. Tz-u- J ., fi' i 1 I,A' i,fl' (26,3% CP) da lfim tfing rd rgt toe dd tfing(6,54). Khi dUa rau mudng vfio khfiu phfin '• ' ' , , -' ^ . ., .>. , , . •> .. •. , , T~ . T^r<D trong cua tho Iai. Doan Thi Giang & cs.
thi tfing trong cua tho tfing len va FCR • ^ , , , ^ fl'.. - -.. /n^n nfM\ r»-- A • ^uiS (2007) cung thfi'y rfing khfiu phfin ket hdp giam rfit ro ret (P<0,001). Dieu nfiy co the v / & .> f
J-_ ••• ,.1.' u IX J 1 ,- 4-t, ufl ..u-J thflc fin gifiu dam vdi thflc fin gifiu xd cd
dUdc giai thich lfi do lUdng thu nh^n thuc .^ . to vr, ty 16 tiSu hoa tSng len (Bang 1 v4 2). " ^ '^''ng cai t h i l n toe do tSng trong cua
Kft qua da cung c6 t h i giai thfch 14 nhcl * " ^ e " Zealand.
Bang 3. Anh hflding cua mflc t h a y t h e co voi bfing r a u mud'ng d e n t a n g t r o n g va c h u y e n hoa thflc fin cua t h o
Mil-c thay ihh c6 voi bang rau mu6ng (%)
Chitifeu S E M P 0 25 50 75 100
K h i i lifting (T4U ky (kg/con) 1,24 1,23 1,20 1,08 1,17 0,06 0,324 Kh6i lu-tprng cu6i ky (kg/con) 1,77' 2,06" 2.19" 2.25" 2 . 3 l " 0,07 <0,001 Tang trgng c i ky (g/con) 525,0" 828,3'= 990,0'" 1178,3' 1138,3'" 44,0 <0,001 Tang trgng b/q (g/con/ng^y) 10.2" 15,3'= 18,2" 2 0 , 8 ' 19,6*" 0,6 <0,001 FCR 6,54' 5,64" 5.24"° 4,62*= 4,64"= 0,29 <0,001
Ghi chd: Trong cung hang, cac gia tri trung binh khong mang chfl cfii nao gio'ng nhau thi khfic nhau cfi y nghla thd'ng ke (P<0,05).
Bang 4. Anh hflcing cua mflc t h a y t h e co voi b a n g r a u mud'ng d e n t h a n h p h a n cd t h e t h o
Chi ti§iJ
KL hoi (g/con) KL m6c ham (g/con) KL lh|t x6 (g/con) Ty 1$ m6c h i m (%) T f 1$ thit x6 {%) Ty 1$ n<Ji tgng (%]
Thanh ph^n thfin thjt:
Ty 1$ dui trt/dc (%) J^ 1^ aii\ sau {%) T j 1$ than lu'&n (%)
0 1946,7"
1052,4"
932,3"
54,05' 47,87' 27,30'
16,80' 34,83' 18,25'
MCrc thay t h ^ c6 voi bSng n 25
1992,0"
1104,0'"
1010,6'"
55,43' 50,73' 25,82'
l'7,24' 35,60' 17,86'
50 2106.7"
1163,7'"
1032,0'"
55,15' 48,99' 25,10'
17,17' 35,16' 1 7 , 1 ^
au muAng (%) 75 2183,3'"
1199,9'"
loes.o""
54,93' 4 8 , 7 5 ' 24,82'
16,77' 3 3 , 2 3 ' 17,80'
100 2380,0' 1329,8' 1176,4"
55,82"
4 9 , 4 2 ' 2 6 . 3 0 '
16,69"
3 4 , 0 4 ' 16,78'
• SEM
54,08 50,97 37,28 1,32 1,00 2,14
0,61 1,54 0,71
0,002 0,028 0,012 0,900 0.405 0,924
0,958 0,823 0,615
Ghi chii: Trong ciing hfing, cfic gifi tri trung binh khong mang chfl cfii nfio giong nhau thi khfic nhau c6
f nghia thong ke (P<0,05).NguySn XuSn Tr^ch, Nguyin Thj Dwang Huyen, NguySn Ngpc BSng, Mai Thi Tham Khi rau mud'ng chie'm 75% thflc an xanh
trong khau p h i n thi tfing trong binh quan cua thd (20,81g/con/ngfiy) cao gfi'p hdn 2 lln so vdi khi chi cd cd voi (10,20g/con/ngfiy). Tuy nhien, khi tfing ty Ie rau muong cao hdn nfla thi tfing trpng vfi chuyd'n hofi thflc fin cua thd cung khdng td't them dUdc nfla, thfim chf cdn cd xu hudng xa'u di. Dieu dd cd the lfi do mfle protein trong k h i u p h i n eao qua mflc ein thiet vfi/hay do ty Id xd trong k h i u p h i n bi giam xud'ng dudi mflc cin thie't khi ty Id rau mud'ng tfing qua cao.
3.3. Ket q u a mo k h a o sfit
Can cfl vfio ke't qua md' khao sat thd b bang 4 cd th^ thfiy r4ng tfing ty 1? rau mud'ng trong khiu phin thi khdi lUdng cd the cung nhu khdi ludng mdc hfim hay khdi lUqing thit xe deu tfing (P<0,01), nhung ty Id cac thfinh phin cd the va thanh p h i n than thit khdng thay dd'i dfing k^ (P>0,05). Kg't qua nfiy cd khac vdi khi thay the thflc fin tinh bfing thflc fin xanh (Nguyfin Xuan Trach & cs., 2011) d chd tfing mflc sfl dung thflc fin tho xanh thay cho thflc thflc an tinh lfim tfing ro rfit ty le noi tang trong khoi lUdng chung cua cd the.
4. KET LUAN
Ty le gifla cd voi va rau muong trong khfiu phan CO anh hudng dd'n Ifldng thu nhfin thflc fin, ty lfi tieu hoa, tdc do tfing trong va nfing sufi't thit cua thd thit New Zealand. Ludng thu nhfin VCK thflc fin eao nhfi't khi rau mud'ng chiem 50-75% lUdng thfle fin xanh trong khiu phin. Cang tfing ty Ie rau mud'ng thi ty le tidu hofi cang tang. Tuy nhien, viec tfing ty Id rau mud'ng lfim tfing tdc do tfing trong, khdl lUdng cd the, khdl lUdng mdc ham vfi khm lUdng thit xe, trong khi lam giam h% s6 chuyen hofi thflc fin (FCR), chl cd dUdc khi ty Ie rau mudng khdng vUdt qua 75%. 1^ Id cac thanh p h i n cd thd' va thfinh p h i n than thit khdng chiu anh hudng dang k^ bdi ^ Id gifla hai loai rau (P>0,05).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th edition (K. Helrick editor).
Doan Thi Gang, Nguyen Thi IVIui and Dinh Van Binh (2007). Calliandra foliage as supplementary feed for rabbits fed a basal diet of Guinea grass.
Proceedings of MEKARN Conference on Matching Livestock Systems with Available Resources (Editors: Reg Preston and Brian Ogle), Ha Long Bay, Vietnam, 26-29 November 2007 http://www.mekam.org/prohan/gang.htm Hongthong Phimmmasan, Siton Kongvongxay,
Chhay Ty and Preston T. R. (2004). Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and Stylo 184 (Styiosanthes guianensis CIAT 184) as basal diets for growing rabbits. Livestocic Research for Rural Development Volume 16, Article it 34. Retrieved from.
http://www.lnd.Org/lrrdl6/5/hongl6034.htm Minitab 16 (2010). Statistical Software. Minitab Inc.,
USA.
Nguyen Huu Tam, Vo Thanh Tuan, Vo Lam, Bui Phan Thu Hang and Preston T. R. (2008). Effects on growth of rabbits of supplementing a basal diet of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) with vegetable wastes and paddy rice. Livestocic Research for Rural Development. Volume 21, Article # 174. Retrieved , from http://www.hTd.org/ln-d21/10/hang21174.htm Nguyen Thi Kim Dong, Nguyen Van Thu, Ogle R. B.
and Preston T. R. (2006). Effect of supplementation level of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) leaves in diets based on Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) on intake, nutrient utilization, growth rate and economic returns of crossbred rabbits in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam.
Proceedings of the MEKARN woikshop on forages for p i ^ and rabbits, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 22-24 August 2006.
Nguyln Xuan Trach, Nguyln Thi Duong Huy€n, Nguyln Ngpc Bang, Mai Thj Thom (2011). Anh hudng cua mflc thay the thirc Sn vien hdn hpp bang rau mudng (ipomoea aquatica) trong khau phwi dSn hi?u qufi su dyng thiirc an vfi nSng suat ciia thd tiijt New Zealand. T^ip chi Khoa hoc va Phdt Hiln. Tap 10, So 1/2012. Tr. 158 - 164.
Van Soest P. J, Robertson J. B. and Lewis B. A.
(1991). Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Deteigent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. Joumal of Dairy Science. Vo). 74, No. 10.
