J Sd & Devel 2014 Vol 12 No 4:558-566 Tap chi Khoa hpc va Phat trien 2014, tap 1 ^ sd 4: 558-566 www.hua.edu.vn
ANH HUdNG CUA MAT Dd NANG LUONG, PROTEIN VA XU TRONG KHAU PHAN DEN SINH TRUdNG VA HIEU QUA CHUYEN HOA THUTC AN CUA THO NEW ZEALAND
Nguyin Van Dat'*, Tran Higp^ Nguyin Xuan Trach^
'Trif&ng Cao ddng Kinh ti - Ky thuat Vinh Phuc 'Khoa Chdn nuoi va Nuoi trong thuy sdn, Hgc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam
Email*: [email protected]
Ngay glii bai: 24.04.2014 Ngay chip nhan: 27.06.2014
TOM T A T
Thi nghiem duoc tidn hanh nham tham dd anh hudng cua mat do nang lup'ng, protein va xa trong khiu ph^n an den toe dp sinh trudng va hieu qua c^uy§n hoa thdc an cua thd New Zealand khi sd' dung ngudn thdc an xanh s i n cd 6' mien B§c Viet Nam. Tong s6 125 thd due 6 tuSn tuoi dupc phan nglu nhien ddu thanh 25 nhom de cho 3n cac khau phan an cd muc nang lu'png, protein va xo thay doi bang each thay ddi ty le khac nhau giua cd hoa thao giau xo (cd voi, setaria, cd Idng para) vathucan xanh giau protein (rau mudng, rau Iang, la che dai). Kdt qua phan tidi hoi quy cho thay mat dp nang luong (ME), ty le protein (CP) va xa (ADF) cd anh hudng r l t rd ret ddn tdc dp sinh tru'dng va hi?u qua chuyen hoa thuc an cua thd. Kdt luan so bd, khi su dung cac nguon thirc an xanh s i n cd cua 6\a phuong de nuoi thd New Zealand sinh trudng c l n dam bao 2.106-2.162 Kcal ME/kg, 16,52-16,75% CP va 21,86- 22,42% ADF trong chat khd cua khau phan.
TCr khda: Nang luong, protein, smh truong, thd New Zealand, xo.
Effects of Levels of Energy, Protein and Fiber in the Diet
on Growtli and Feed Conversion Efficiency in New Zealand White Growing Rabbits
ABSTRACT
An expenment was conducted to investigate effects of levels of energy, protein and fiber in the diet on growth and feed conversion efficiency in New Zealand White growing rabbits fed with green forages available in North Vietnam. A total of 125 growing rabbits at 6 weeks of age were randomly divided into 25 groups of 5 each to be fed with diets containing different levels of energy, protein and fiber by means of varying the ratio between fiber rich grasses (elephant, setaria or para grass) and protein rich foliages (water spinach vine, sweet potato vine or giganlea leaves) in the basal diets. Results of regression analyses on nutrient-response curves showed that the levels of energy, protein and fiber in the diet strongly affected growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of the rabbit. It was suggested that a diet using local feed resources for New Zealand White growing rabbits should contain 2106-2162 Kcal ME/kg, 16.52-16.75% CP, and 2186-22.42% ADF in its dry matter.
Keywords- Energy, fiber, growth, New Zealand rabbits, protein.
l . D A T V A N D E , .
an xanh san cd ciing nhu site lao dgng doi dao Chan nuoi tho d nudc ta thdi gian g^n day cua ndng dan b cac dia phUOng. Viec nuoi tho da phat tnen rat nhanh. Cac gidhg thd cao san ngoai bang thitc an cua dia phUdng thUc tS'dang mua cua nudc ngoai chu yeu dupe chan nuoi diln ra pho bien, nhUng kien thtic cua chiing ta theo phuong thdc cdng nghiep bang thdc an ve dinh dudng cua thd ndi ehung va tho nhSp tong hgp ep vien. Tuy nhien. phuOng thdc chan ngi ndi rieng cdn rat han che. Do v^y, cin nudi nay khd cd the pho bie'n rong rai dugc va nghien cdu de biet dUdc miic dinh dddng phd khdng khai thac tot tiem nang eac nguon thiic hdp trong khau phan do'i vdi loai tho nay.
558
Nguyen Van Dat, Trin Hi^p, Nguyfen Xuan Trach
Vi§c xac dinh nhu cau dinh dudng cho gia sue thudng dtta vao phudng phap thi nghiem trao doi nhiet khi ddi (fasting heat production) hay thi nghiem can bang dinh dudng (convential balance methods) (Schiemarm et al., 1971), hoac phifdng phap mo khao sat (comparative slaughter technique) (Pascual et a l , 2000). Tuy nhien, cac phUdng phap nay thudng ton thdi gian va chi phi rat ldn. Hien nay, phUdng phap stt diing cac mo hinh toan hgc de md phdng dgng thai dap iing cua gia siic do'i vdi cac thanh phln dinh dudng (Mathematical Modeling of Nutrient
~ Response Curves/ Nutritional Response Models) dang dUdc s i dung rgng rai tren the gidi nham muc dfch xac dinh nhu cau dinh dudng eua vat nudi (Mercer et al., 1986, 1992;
Noblet and Perez, 1993, Rayburn and Fox, 1993; Holter et al., 1996; Fuentes-Pila et a l , 2003; Tedesehi et al., 2005, 2008; Rivera-Torres et al., 2011; Vedenov and Pesti, 2008, 2012). Vdi phuong phap nay, nhieu mo hinh da dupe xay dung de srt dung trong cac he tho'ng dinh dudng ciia NRG, CNCPS tai Bdc My, chau Au (Ha Lan, Phap, Dlic, Thuy Si) Bai bao nay trinh bay ket qua mgt thi nghiem sd dung phUOng phap mo hinh boa dap itng cua gia sue vdi thanh phan dinh dudng de tham dd anh hudng ciia mat dp nang lugng, protein va xd trong khau phan den to'c do sinh trUdng va hieu qua chuyen hoa thdc an, tli dd udc tfnh cac mifc dinh dudng to'i Uu trong khau ph&n cho thd New Zealand nudi d nude ta.
2. VAT LIEU VA P H U O N G FRAP 2.1. Gia sue va k h a u p h a n thi nghiem
Td'ng so' 125 thd due New Zealand 6 tuan tuoi dupc chia thanh 25 nhdm (mdi nhdm 5 con) de cho an cac khau phfin an khac nhau. Cac loai thitc an sii dung (bang 1) chu yeu la thilc an xanh dupc pho'i hpp bang each thay the thdc an giau xd bang thdc an giau protein theo cae ty le khac nhau (0, 25, 50, 75 va 100%) de tao ra sU bien dpng ldn ve mat dp nang lUpng, protein va xd. Ngoai thiic an xanh, thd dupe bd sung thdc hay gao d miic 2% kho'i lUdng cd the. Ham lugng nang lUdng, protein va xo ciia cac khau phan nay thay doi trong nhiing mien bien dgng Idn (Bang 2), bao phu dUdc cac gia tri theo khuyen cao cua NRG (1977), Lebas (1980) va eae cong trinb nghien ciiu gan day ve thanh phan dinh ditdng trong khau phan cho tho (Tao and Li, 2006; Pinheiro et al., 2009; Amy, 2010; De Bias et al., 2013; Osho et al, 2013).
2.2. Nuoi difSng va q u a n ly
Thf nghiem dUdc tbuc hien tai Hgc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam va TrUdng Cao dang Kmh te - Ky thuat Vinh Phiic. Thdi gian theo ddi thi nghiem chinh la 8 tuan sau mgt thdi gian cho an thfeh nghi la 7 ngay. Tritdc khi tien hanh thf nghiem, thd dUdc tiem vac xin phdng benh bai huyet thd va udng thuoc phdng benh eau trung. Moi lin cbo an, cac loai thde an dupc phoi hgp theo ty le ciia thiet ke thi nghiem. Thd dUdc Bang 1. T h a n h p h a n hoa hoc va gia tri dinh difdng ciia thiifc an thi nghiem
ThCPC an
C i voi C6 setaria C616ng para Rau mu6ng Ddy khoai Iang LA Ch6 dai Th6c G^o
DM
(%)
14,43 13,67 17,17 11,82 11,00 17.45 88,01 88,14
CP (%DM)
14,44 15,29 11,26 26,79 23,06 18.82 6,94 7.61
NDF {%DM)
62,36 60,38 76,39 30,07 37,76 45,76 32.19 5.31
ADF (%DM)
33,14 33.21 35,35 19,72 22,45 25,46 16,60 3,32
CF (%DM)
28,89 28,87 31,40 20,42 19,78 24 41 13.86 13,46
EE (%DM)
0,62 2,86 0,59 1,32 2.55 2,27 0,29 0,31
Ash (%DM)
13,42 11,03 11.42 11.95 11,24 14,27 8,10 5,01
ME (Kcal/kg DM)
1827 1990 1875 2445 2398 2058 2819 3426 dhichu: DM. Ch&'t kho, CP- protein tho. NDF .\(ikhdnu tan trong c
CF: xa tho. EE: md tho. Ash- khoang tang so. ME: WIUL' humg ir.io i
iningtinh .ADF \o khiing tan tn
55'J
Anh huung cua mat do nang lupng, protein va xa trong khau phln d i n sinh tnjwng va hieu qua chuyen ho^ thi>c in cua thd New Zealand
Bang 2. Bien dong thanh phan dinh difdng cua khau phan thu nhan d tho thi nghiem
Mlu Gia tri trung binh Dp lech chuan ^^ , „ , Khoang bien dong Nang lu'ong, Kcal
Protein.% DM NDF,% DM ADF,% DM
ME/kg DM 125 125 125 125
2.250,90 ± 2 7 6 , 3 0 15.94 ± 3 , 9 8 4 9 , 9 3 ± 1 1 , 0 3 26,17 ± 4 , 5 8
268,90 4,81 11,76 4.69
11,73 29,42 24,88 18,57
1.905,00 + 2 982,30 1 0 , 3 9 - 2 6 , 5 1 33,29 * 67,55 1 3 , 1 6 - 3 1 , 6 0
nuoi ea the va dupe cho an tU do {ad libitum) thdc an xanh 3 lan/ngay vao cac thdi diem 8:00, 14:00 va 20:00h. Thdc dUdc cho an vao liic l l h sang hang nay. Cac loai thtic an dupe on dinh trong suot thdi gian thf nghiem. Nude uo'ng dupc cung ca'p tu do suot ngay dem.
2.3. Thu thap du! lieu
Nhdm mo ta dgng thai sinh trudng cua thd theo tuan tuoi, tho dUdc can khdi lUdng ca the vao dau thi nghiem va sau dd 7 ngay can mgt lan vao lue 7h sang, trUdc Me cho an. Tang khdi lupng (KL) binh quan hang ngay (AJDG) dUde tinh theo he so' hdi quy tuyen tinh (slope) ciia kho'i lupng can hang tuan theo thdi gian nudi.
Trong thdi gian thi nghiem, thiic an eho an dupe can trUdc mdi biia an va thitc an thita ditdc can vao buoi sang hang ngay trudc khi cho an biia dau tien. Mau thilc an va mau thtic an thita difpc say khd d nhiet dp 105°C de xac dinh chat khd va dupc nghien nhd qua mat sang 1mm (Cyclotec 1093 sample mill, Foss, Hillered, Denmark). Sau mdi tuan, cac mau thdc an cho an, mau thiic an thda dUpc trpn deu theo 16 vd lay mau dai dien de phan tich thanh ph^n hda hgc. Thanh phan dinh difdng ciia khau phan dupc tfnh theo thife an da thu nhan thUc te' cua ttfng ca the.
Trong thdi gian gida va cuoi thf nghiem (tuan thf nghiem thit 4 va tuan thif 8), toan bp phan cua tho dupc xac dinh hen tuc trong 7 ngay cho t^ng ca the. Cac m^u phan dai dien (10%) dupc thu thap hang ngay tif tong lupng phan hang ngay va dupc bao quan d nhiet dp -25°C. Vao ngay cudi cung, ta't ca cac mau dupe dupc can gdp tUdng dng vdi mdi tho rieng biet.
Mau thiic an cho an, mau thifc an thifa va mau phan dudc phan tich cha't kho, chat hCu cd, 560
protein tho, md thd va tro theo eac phitpng phap tUdng ifng ciia AOAC (1990). Cac thanh p h ^ NDF va ADF difdc xac dinh theo phUdng phap cua Van Soest et al. (1991). Nang lupng trao doi ciia thiic an cho thd dupe Udc lUdng theo cong thifc cua Lebas et al. (2013).
Thu nhan thiic an ca the dUdc tinh bang chenh lech giiia lUdng cho an va lUdng thita hang i^ay (tfnh theo DM). Ty le tieu hoa DM (%) = 100*(A- B)/A, trong dd A va B tifdng xsng la lUdng DM Sn vao va DM thai ra trong phan. He so' chuydn hoa thiic an (FCR) dupc tinh hling ty le lUdng vkt chat khd (DM) thifc an thu nhan/tang KL.
2.4. Xuf ly t h o n g ke
De md ta dpng thai dap itng cua thd doi vdi cac thanh phan dinh dudng cua kh^u phan, mo hinh binh phitPng be nh^t tong quat (general least squares model) difdc ap dung de tim phUdng trinh hoi quy phu hdp nha't (nutrient- reponse curve) the hien sU phu thupc gifia ADG va FCR vdi cac thanh phan ME, CP, ADF ciia khau phan nhu la cac hien dpc lap hen tuc. Tiep theo, phifdng phap phan tich toi Uu (solver analysis) dupc dung de xac dinh cac mdc ME, CP, ADF td't nha't trong khau phan an cua tho.
PhUdng phap nay dUa tren cac nguyen tic: (1) Nhu cau dinh diidng la mdc dinh dudng an vao cho ket qua/dap dng Ung tot nhat, ap dung vdi ADG; (2) Nhu ciu dinh diidng la mdc dinh dudng thap nhat nhiing cbo kit qua/dap dng tot nhai, ap dung vdi FCR.
Cac tham so' thd'ng ke danh gia do chinh xac cua phUPng trinh hoi quy bao gom: sai so chan doan trung binh (MPE), sai so'chan doan tUOng ddi (RPE,%), he sdxac dinh (R=), he sdxac dinh hieu chinh (R^-adj). PhUdng trmh cd dd chinh
N g u y i n V a n Dat, Tran Hiep, N g u y i n X u a n Trach
xac "riit cao" khi RPE < 5% va R' > 80%, do chinh xac "cao" vdi 5% < RPE < 10% va R^ >
70%, do chinh xac "trung binh"vdi 10% < RPE <
15% va R^ > 60%, do chinh xae "chap nhan" vdi 15% < RPE < 20% va R= > 50% (Fuentes-PUa et al., 1996; Fuentes-Pila et al., 2003). Phan mem Minitab 16 va Excel 2007 dUdc diing de hd trp cho viec tinh toan nay.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. hddng thu nhan dinh di^Sng, toe do sinh triictng va chuyen hoa thifc an cua tho
Ket qua theo ddi thf nghiem (Bang 3) cho tha'y litdng dinh dUdng thifc an thu nhan (ME, CP, NDF, ADF) cua thd bien dpng ra't ldn (Cv
>20%). Tuy nhien, mifc do bie'n dpng ve ADG, FCR va ty 1^ tieu hoa cha't kho khong ldn (Gv td 8,75 den 14,29%). NhU vay, thd da phan dng ra't khac nhau ddi vdi cac khau phan co dp bie'n dgng ldn ve thanh phan dinh dudng.
Amy (2008) nhan xet rang, nhd cd hien tupng nhai lai gia (caecotrophy) ma thd cd the dap ling difpc nhu c^u dinh dUdng khi an cac khau phln ngheo dinh dUdng Chfnh dieu nay cho phep thd co kha nang tu dieu chinh doi vdi nhfing khau phan ndm ngoai pham vi thich hop cua chung. He qua la moi tUdng quan giiia chat lupng khau phln va nang suat ciia thd la kha philc tap va tuan theo moi quan he phi tuyen tinh. Do do can tim ra dupc mitc to'i Uu ciia cac
thanh phan dinh dUdng trong khau phan de chan nuoi thd cd hieu qua nha't.
3.2. Anh hifctag cua mat do nang lifdng, protein va xd trong khau phan de'n toe do tang khoi lifchig va hieu qua chuyen hoa thifc an cua tho
3.2.1. Anb biidng cua mat do nang lifdng Bang 4 cho thay mat do nang lUdng trong khau phan cd anh hudng rd ret de'n td'c dp sinh trUdng va hieu qua chuyen boa thiic an ciia tho tuan theo phUPng trinh bac hai. Dp chfnh xae cua phuong trinh hoi quy dat mu'c cao do'i vdi ADG va mdc chap nhan do'i vdi FCR.
Do thi 1 cho thay ADG ciia thd tang dan khi tang ham lUdng nang litpng trong thdc an va dat cao nhd't vdi khau phln an cd 2.162 Kcal ME/kg DM, sau do lai giam. NgUdc lai, FCR giam dan khi nang lUdng tang va dat mifc toi Uu khi khau phan d mifc 2.106 Kcal ME/kg DM, sau do lai tang. Nhu vay, khi tang nang lUpng trong khau phan, ADG c6 phan ifng rat tich eUc, tuy nhien khi mat dp nang lUpng cao tren 2.162 Kcal ME/kg DM, ADG cua thd khong tang tiep;
dieu dd chiing td nhu clu nang litdng ciia thd da dupc dap dng day dii. Nhu vay, ke't hdp ca hai su phu thugc nay, khau phln nuoi thd New Zealand sinh trUdng nen cd mifc nang lUpng tif 2.106 den 2.162 Kcal ME/kg DM.
Bang 3. Thu nhan dinh duSng, to'c do sinh trifotag va chuyen hoa thifc an ciia thd
Chi tieu Dp lech chuan He so bten dong (%) Khoang bien dgng Lupng dinh du'&ng Ihu nh^n
ME thu nhgn, Kcal/ngay CP Ihu nhgn, g/ngay NDF thu nhgn, g/ngay ADF Ihu n h | n , g/ngay
Tang kh6i lifpng v^ chuyen hoa thuc an TSng ktiAi lu'png (ADG), g/ngay Chuyfin hoS Ihifc dn (FCR). kg DM/kg tSng KL TyieiIi6uhdaDM,%
213,77 14,83 46.56 24,82
20,12 5.39 70,74
44,38 4,31 11,70 5,58
2,52 0.77 6,19
20,76 29,03 25,13 22,46
12.52 14,29 8.75
130,45-343,50 8,71 -27,53 24,01 - 70,98 14,27- 35,45
12,98-23,67 3,92 - 7.99 57,39 + 85,29
Anh hudng cua mat do nang lugng, protein va xa trong khau phan den sinh tmong va hieu qua chuyin ho^ thCpc an cua thd New Zealand
Bang 4. Phi/tfng t r i n h hoi quy gifta t o e do t a n g k h o i Itfotag (ADG) va h e so c h u y e n hoa thifc an (FCR) c u a t h o vdi h a m hidng ME, CP va ADF t r o n g khau phan
Phu'crng trinh hoi quy MPE RPE R^ R'adj Theo ham lu'png ME. Kcal/kg DM
(1) ADG = - 73,00 + 0,08648ME - 0,000020ME' 1.44 (2) FCR = 33,24 - 0,02528ME + 0,000006ME- 0,60 Theo ham lu'ong CP,% DM
(3) ADG = 2,538 + 2,153CP- 0,06518CP^ 2,80 (4)FCR = 11,78-0,7912CP+0.02361CP= 0,67 Theo ham lippng ADF,% DM
(5) ADG = -23,99 + 4,12ADF- 0,0919ADF= 1,30 (6) FCR = 16,58 - 1.076ADF+ 0,02461ADF' 0,58
7,10 11,01
13,82 12,38
6,43 10,74
77,10 52,30
69,90 50,80
83,00 51,90
76,50 51,06
69,20 49,90
82,60 50,90
R - s q 77 1%
R-sq ladj) 76 5 %
i D G = - 7 3 . 0 0 + 0 l)8648M E - 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 M E '
F C R ( k g T A / k g t a n g K L )
FCR = 33 24 - 0 0 2 5 2 8 M E H
Mat ao nang lihong trong kinau ph^n (Kcal ME/kg DM)
Do thj 1. Hoi quy gifla toe do t a n g k h o i Wong (ADG)
va he so chuyen h o a thCfo an (FCR) v6i h a m luong n a n g Irtdng (ME) cua k h a u phan Ket qua nghien ctiu ciia All et al. (2011)
tren tho due New Zealand (5 tuan tuoi, 657 g/con) cho thay tho co ADG tii 27,11 den 29,63 g/ngay khi cho an khau phan co 2055 Kcal ME/kg DM. Obinne (2008) cho bie't khau phjn an ciia tho chfla 9,7 Mj DE/kg DM (1901 Kcal ME/kg DM) dam bao sinh trfldng cho tho nuoi 5 vung nhiet dai. Tuy nhien, cung theo Obinne va Mmereole (2010), ADG cua tho New Zealand cao nhat khi khau phan chfla 10,8 Mj
DE (2116 Kcal ME). Mat khae, theo Wang et al. (2012) miie nang luong thich h(Jp eho tho New Zealand giai doan 4-11 tuan tuoi la 11,7 Mj DE (2293 Kcal ME). NRC (1977), Lebas vi Gidenne (2000) khuyen cao rkng mflc nang luong thich hop cho tho tuong flng la 2.050 va 2.187 Kcal ME/kg DM. Nhfl vay, ket qua nghien cflu nay cua ehung toi tflOng tfl vdi khuyen eao ciia NRC (1977), Lebas va Gidenne (2000); Obinne va Mmereole (2010).
562
Nguy&i Van Dat, Tran Hiep, Nguyen Xuan Trach
3.2.2. Anb biidng cua bam liidng protein Bang 4 cho thliy ADG va FCR cua tho phu thuSc kha chat che vao ham litdng protein (CP) trong kh^u phdn. Mo'i phu thuoc nay cung tuan theo phUdng trinh bSc hai v6i do chinh xac ci mdc trung binh doi v6i ca ADG va FCR.
Do thi 2 cho thay ADG cua tho co xu hitcing tang theo sU tang mitc CP trong khau phan khi ham luong CP 6 miic thap dit6i 15%, chQng lai b miic 15-17%. Neu tigp tuc tang mtic CP len cao hdn, ADG cua tho co xu hudng giam. Phan tich toi Ttu (solver) cho tha'y ham lUdng CP to'i Uu trong khau phan la 16,52% do'i v6i ADG va 16,75% doi vai FCR. NhU vay, xet tren hai chi tieu nay, nen nuoi tho New Zealand b^ng khau phan CO mtic CP tii 16,50-16,75%.
Co the giai thich ADG tang Mc dau la nho nhu cdu protein cua tho duoc dap ting tot hon khi tang ham liidng CP dudi mile 16,75%.
Nguyen Thi Kim Dong et al. (2006) cung cho tha'y rang thay the co long para co ham lUdng protein th^'p (12,9% CP) trong khau phan an cO
sb bang rau muo'ng co ham lUdng protein cao (26,3% CP) da lam tang ro ret ADG cua tho lai.
Tran Hoang Chat et al. (2005) thay the co ghine bang rau muo'ng cung co ket luan tUdng tU. Tuy nhien, mtic protein qua cao trong khau phdn la khong can thiet vi tho phai chuyen boa protein tbiia de thai b6t nito ra khoi cd the kbi nhu cau da dUdc dap ling. Do co the la ly do ADG cua tho CO xu huang giam kbi ham litdng CP trong kb^u pban qua cao (>1&,75%).
Ali et al. (2011), Obinne (2008), Obinne va Mmereole (2010) cho tha'y kba nang sinh trUdng cua tho dat mitc cao nha't kbi tho an khau phan chiia ham luong CP lan lUdt la 16%, 16% va 16,2%. TUdng tu, Wang et al. (2012) cho biet miic CP thich hdp cho tho New Zealand giai doan 4-11 tudn tuoi la 16%. NhU vay, ket qua nghien ciiu nay (16,52-16,75% CP) co phan cao hdn so vai ket qua nghien ciiu cua cac tac gia tren. Dieu nay co the lien quan de'n cha't lUdng tha'p hdn cua cac loai thiic an nhiet ddi.
2 5 -
2 0 -
1 5 -
1 0 -
5 -
ADG (g/ngay)
# « H V w . M^^^^^'
S 1.351122 • ^ R-sq 69 9% • R-sq(adj) 69 2 %
A D G = 2 538 + 2 . I 5 3 C P - 0 - 0 6 5 1 8 C P - '
FCR(kgTA/kgiSngKL)
S 0 6.17K.12 R-sq 5(I,K%
R-sq(adj) 49 9%
FCR= 11.78-0 7912CP+0 02J61CP-
Ham luvng CP trong khau phSn (% DM)
Do thi 2. Hoi quy giiifa toe dp t a n g khoi lifdng (ADG)
; so c h u y e n hoa thOfc an (FCR) vdi h a m liicfng protein ii'ia khau phan
563
Anh hifang cOa mat do nang lu-ang, protein va xa trong khdu phln din sinh tnio-ng va hi§u qua chuydn hoa thiic Sn cua tho New Zealand
3.2.3. Anb biidngcua ham liidngxd Bang 4 cho tbay ADG va FCR cua tho phu thuoc ra't chat che vao ham lUdng xd (ADF) ciia kbau phdn theo hoi quy bac hai vai dp chinh xac b mdc cao doi vai phUdng trinh ADG va trung"
binh vdi phUdng trinh FCR.
Do thi 3 cho thay ADG ciia tho tang ddn va FCR giam ddn khi bam lUdng ADF tang len den khoang 22-23% DM, nhUng sau do thi dign bie'n ngUdc lai. Pban tich tdi uu chd thay ADG cua tho dat cao nha't khi khau phdn co ham lUdng ADF la 22,42% DM va FCR dat toi Uu nhat khi ham lUdng ADF la 21,86% DM. NhU vay CO the thay rkng ham lUdng ADF toi Uu trong khdu phdn an cua tho dao dpng xung quanh 22%.
De Bias et al. (1999) va De Bias and Wiseman (2010) chi ra rdng chat xd giii vai tro quan trpng trong viec dieu boa boat dong cua vi sinh vat dUdng tieu hoa cua tho, duy tri nhu dpng ruot va do do giiip duy tri siic khoe dUdng
tieu hoa. Hdn niia, xd la nguon nang luctag chinh cho vi sinh vat b rugt gia (De Bias et aL, 1999). N^u khau phdn thiSu xd co thi ddn d&i giam nhu dpng rupt va keo dai thcii gian lifti chuyen thiic an trong dUdng tieu hoa (hlbeck, 2001). Tuy nhien, khi ham lUdng xd qua cao se lam giam ty le tieu hoa cua khau phdn va hoat dpng ciia vi sinh vat, do do se lam giam lUdng thu nhan, giam bam lUdng nang litdng trao doi (ME) va cac cha't dinh dUdng khac trong khau phan nen se lam giam nang sua't cua tho (Osho et al., 2013; Tao and Li, 2006).
Theo Pinheiro et al. (2009), ham lUpng ADF to'i Uu cho su sinh trUcrng cua tho la 23,3%. Osho et al. (2013) ke't luan, tho dat to'c do sinh tntdng to't khi mat dp nang lUdng va ham lupng ADF trong khau phan tUdng ilng 8,9-11,69 Mj DE/kg DM (1.744-2.291 Kcal ME/kg DM) va 18,8- 25,2% ADF. Nhu vay, ke't qua cua nghien ctiu nay cung tuong itng vai cac ke't qua nghien ciiu ciia cac tac gia ndi tren.
i n
2 5 -
2 0 -
15-
5 -
n-
ADG (g/ngay)
V
• S 1 31933R-sq K3,0%
R-sq(adj) S2 6%
ADG=-23-99 + 4 !2A DF-0 0919A DF' FCR FCR
V ^
^* 2 ^
^
= 16.58 (kg TA/kg
s
R-sq R->q (adjl
tang KL)
0-59181 5 1.9%
50 9%
• ' >a J
r^\ jaf^
[% •
r
L.- l,fl76ADF+0-02461ADF'
Ham iLKffng ADF trong khau phan (% DM)
Do thi 3. Hoi quy gifta toe do t a n g khoi lUctog (ADG) va he so chuyen hoa thiic an (FCR) vfli h a m Itfofng ADF c u a k h a u p h a n
564
Nguyen VSn Dat, Triin Hiep, N g u y ^ XuSn Trach
4. KET LUAN
Ttt cac k e t q u a t h u dutfc v a so s a n h vai cac n g h i e n ctia c u a n h i e u t a c gia k h a c co t h e sd b p ke't l u a n r a n g d l n u o i duSng t h p N e w Z e a l a n d s i n h trUdng t r o n g dieu k i e n sii d u n g thiic a n t h o x a n h san CO t a i m i e n Bdc V i e t N a m , k h d u p h d n n e n co 2.106-2.162 Kcal M E / k g , 16,52-16,75% C P v a 21,86-22,42% A D F t r o n g c h a t k h o ciia k h a u p h d n . Tuy n h i e n , c d n co t h e m thi n g h i e m de k i e m chiing t i n h xac thiic, d a c biet k h i t i n h d e n moi tUdng t a c giiia cac t h a n h p h d n d i n h dUdng n a y .
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