QUAN TR! KINH DOANH
M 6 HlNH TI§U C H U X N C H O C DANH VA Tl£U CHf OANH GIA N A N G L ^ C N H A N L^C
QUAN TRI C A P C A O C O A VINASHIN
Chu B l n h Bona
l g p Boan Cong nghigp tau thOy Vi$t Nam (Vinashin) Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Ngay nh$n. 25/11/2013 Ngaynh$n lai: 06/12/2013 Ma so: 64+65.2BMkt.22
^^"^"yTOhg bai bao, nghien cdu md hinh danh gia thuc trang ngudn nhan Itfc quan tn cap cao (NNL y QTCC) cac Cdng ty tnJc thudc Tap doan Cdng nghiep tau thuy Vidt Nam, Vinashin.(nay la Td'ng cdng ty Cdng nghiep tau thdy) dugc trinh bay. Ndi dung bai bao tap trung vao: hd thong hda thi/c trang cua Vinashin va nhOng van de dat ra trong chien luge tai ea'u trdc ngudn nhan luc cua Tdp doan;
nhdn dien nhan luc quan tn ca'p cao cua Vinashin; xac dmh eO sd khoa hgc de' xay dung md hinh ck tieu chi danh gia nang Itfc NNL QTCC cac DN thugc Vinashin; de xua't md hinh tieu chuin ehOc d^nti va cac tieu chi danh gia nang luc NNL QTCC cua cac DN thugc Vinashin trong boi canh hi$n nay.
TO khda: md hinh tieu chua'n chOc danh, tieu chuan ehde danh, tieu chi danh gia nang Itfc, nang lijc nhan luc quan tn cap eao, nhan luc quan tn cap cao, vinashin.
1. NhQng van de d§t ra trong tai cau tnic chie'n lUdc ngudn nhan lUc caTp cao ciia Vinashin
Thyc te cho thay nang lyc quan trj tap doan va du bao ciia sd ddng dpi ngu can bd quan ly cap cao Vinashin cdn han che. trinh dp can bp lanh dgo quan ly chua dap Ung yeu cau; xdy dpng vd thyc hien ke hoach san xuat kinh doanh, ke hogch dau tu ciia DN qua nhanh, qua ndng, khdng phu hdp vdl ngudn von. ndng lyc quan ly va quy hoach phai Irie'n dupc cap cd tha'm quyen phe duyet;
quan ly dau tu, quan ly tai chfnh long leo, kem hieu qua, nhieu quyet dmh trai quy dinh ciia phdp ludt;
td chUc phat trie'n he thong DN qua dan trai va quan ly nhdn su can bp khdng chat che. DUng trudc tinh hlnh khimg hoang kinh te the gldi, su
suy thoai ciia nganh ddng tau, Vinashin diing trudc mudn van khd khan thach thUc. de thyc hl§n thanh cdng nhiem vy tai cd cau, cdng lac can bfy cang ddi hdi phai dUdc chua'n b| cdng phu, bai ban cho trudc mat va Idu dal mdi cd the' tao ra nhQng budc ngoat phat trien mdi cua nganh ddng t^u.
Ldnh dao quan ly cap cao la nguyen nhan cua mpi nguyen nhan dah den su Ihanh cdng cua mpi DN, cap quan ly cang cao cang cd vai trd quan trpng trong quyet dinh nhQng van de hd trpng clia DN.
Tuy nhien, trong hau het cac DN nha nudc n6l chung, cac DN thupc Vinashin ndi rieng, cac ciiiJc danh chien lupc, chii chdt nhu Chu t|ch, Chu tjch Hpi ddng thanh vien (HDTV), cdc thanh vien HDTV, Ban giam doc cab ddn v| lgi chua dii0c khoa hQC
thddhg m a i ' So 6 4 + 65/2014
chuSn b| mpt each can cd, khoa hpc ndn da anh hudng rat Idn den chat lupng hoat ddng cua cac DN Nhd nudc.
TU thdi die'm thdnh ldp nam 2006 den cudi nam 2010. Vinashin da cd nhQng sai phgm nghiem trpng, rdi vao khung hoang sau sac, mdt trong nhQng nguyen nhan dah den su do vd la do ddi ngu can bp quan tri cap cao da dupe Dang, Nha nudc chi ro tai cac van ban ket lugn ciia Dang.
Chinh phu, cac cd quan thanh tra, kie'm tra, tdp Irung chinh vao cac ndi dung: Lanh dgo Tap doan, trudc hel la H6I ddng thanh vien va ngudi dUng dau da cd khuyet diem, sai pham trong i d chUc, quan ly, dieu hanh...; trinh dp lanh dao. quan ly Clia Cdng ty me va cac ddn vj Ihanh vien chua dap Ung yeu cau quan tn mdt Tdp doan kinh te ldn.
Ddc bidt. ngudi dUng dau va mpt sd ca nhdn cdn hgn che ve nang luc, thieu trach nhiem, tuy tien, ca nhdn, khdng bao cao trung thuc, cd y lam trai, vi phgm phdp luat... Mpt loat can bd quan trj cap cao Vinashin b| xif ly ky luat; thang 8/2012 Tda phuc thd'm tda an nhdn dan tdi cao tai Ha N6I tuyen y an Tda sd thd'm ddi vdl 9 b\ cao chiu hinh phgt l l i , cao nhat 20 ndm tu, thap nhal 3 ndm tu, trdch nhidm bdi thudng ddn sy cao nhat len tdi Iren 500 ly ddng. Hien nay, cac cd quan cd tham quyen dang tiep lyc thanh tra, dieu tra ldm ro cdc vi phgm de xQ ly.
Lyc lupng nhan sy cap cao ciia Vinashin dupc thay the, tuy v§y sau gan 3 nam, lap trung chu yeu ndng cap chal lupng dpi ngQ hien tai. Ke' ca Chu t|ch HDTV (1/4 TV HDTV chuyen trach). Tdng Gidm ddc. 2 Phd Tong Gidm ddc, Ke loan trudng, trudng - phd Ban chuyen mdn Tgp doan den Ihdi did'm hi$n tgi cd khoang 10 ngudi tU ndi khac chuyan tdi, chid'm khoang 7% tdng so can bd quan ly cSp cao loan Tdp dodn. Do vdy danh gia lal ddi ngu, sSp xdp lgi nhdn sU, ddi mdi cdng tac quan ly cdn bd la yeu to quyet dinh Ngudn nhdn luc chat lupng cao cua Vinashin dupc danh gia la tdi san
quy ciia DN, nhung dd la tdi san cd linh canh tranh cao, ludn cd xu hudng dich chuye'n trong cd che th[ trudng. Doi vdi nhOng nhdn sy cao cap, ben canh mUc luang, cac nhdn sy nay cdn rat chu trpng den cdc yeu td khac nhu: mdi trudng Idm viec, van hda DN, cd hdi hoc hdl va Id trinh thang tien trong tuang lai.,. Neu khdng dUdc Ihda man cac yeu to tren, nhan tdi ciia DN cung cdthe'bddi.
Trong thdi gian qua khdng it lai san nay da IQ bd DN ddng tdu ciia Vinashin. thgm chi da b| "ddnh cap" tQ cac DN ddng tau khac cd chinh sdch tdt hdn Vinashin. Cd the coi glQ chan ngudi ldi dUdc nhdn dmh Id thach thUc ldn nhal doi vdi viec lai cau true chien lupc ngudn nhan luc quan tr| c f p cao ciia Vinashin, trong thuc Ihi chien luoc nhdn sy, van de viec tao lyc hut vd giO chdn nhQng nhdn sy cap cao ciia Vinashin dang dUng trudc cac thach thUc nhu: Vinashin khdng cdn la mem tU hao, hanh dien ciia can bp khi dUdc lam viec tai dd; viec sO dyng va trong dung nhan tai ciia Vinashin chUa dya tren nang luc thUc sy cua nhan sU de' bd tri va dai ngd; Vinashin lung tung trong xdy dung va thyc Ihi chien luoc tao dung, phdt tne'n nhan luc cao cap tU chinh ngudn nhdn luc Clia minh; chfnh sdch lUdng bong va quan ly cdn chm nhieu rang budc bdi cac quy dmh ddi vdi DN nha nudc nen chUa tao dupc sUc cgnh tranh doi vdl cac DN cd chinh sach tdt hdn trdng khr Vinashin dang iam an thua le'khd cd the' xay dyng dupc chinh sach thu hut
Tuy cd CO gang nhung do cd nhieu nguyen nhdn khdc nhau, nen viec Ihyc hien tdi cd cau Vinashin sau gan 3 nam da khdng dat dUdc ket qua nhu yeu cau ddt ra, trong dd cd nguyen nhdn thupc ve dpi ngu can bp, viec ddnh gia can bd chua thuc sy chlnh xac, thudng phat chua dung ngudl dung tdi. chua cd md hlnh tieu chi ddnh gia ddi ngu nhdn sy QTCC. Yeu cau lai cd cau Vinashin ddi hdi phai lai cau true ngudn nhdn lyc quan tn cap cao mgnh me hdn, trong dd cd van de
36 64 + 65/2014
_khoa hgc ^
"thddng mai 95
QUAN TR! KINH DOANH
lam ro md hinh tieu chuan chUc danh va tieu chi ddnh gia nang luc.
2. Nhgn dipn nguon nhan lyc quan tr| cap cao Clia Vinashin
Thdng thudng, cac lanh dao mdt DN la Tong gidm ddc/Gidm ddc dieu hanh (CEO - Chief Executive Officer), giam ddc dy an. giam ddc san pham, giam ddc chUdng trinh, phd giam ddc...
Gidm ddc dieu hanh (CEO) la v| tri quan trpng nhat, mang tinh "chia khda" de tao nen sy chuyen nghiep cho tat ca mpi cdng doan trong to chUc va hogt ddng DN, ke ca khau san xual, kinh doanh hay xay dyng thUdng hieu. Cap tren cua CEO la Hdi ddng quan tri hay Hdl dong co ddng (neu la cdng ty co phan) hoac Hdl ddng thanh vien (neu Id cdng ly trach nhiem hQu han). Cap dUdi ciia CEO la cac giam dd'e chUc nang va toan bp may nhan sy ciia cdng t y Nhin chung, CEO dUdc diing de chi ngudi dieu hanh cao nhat trong mpt DN. NNL QTCC ciia cac DN thupc Vinashin bao gdm
* Tai Cdng ty me: cac can bp do Trung Udng (Chlnh phil, Bg quan ly ngdnh) bo nhiem va quan ly gdm: Chu tjch Hdi ddng thanh vien, thanh vien Hgi ddng thanh vien, Tong giam ddc tap doan; cac can bp do Tdp dodn bo nhiem gdm: cac Phd td'ng gidm dd'e, Ke toan trudng, lanh dao mpt so bg phdn chuyen mdn da chUc ndng, nhiem vy, quan he cdng tac (cdc bp phdn phy trach cac mang cdng viec To chUc nhdn sy va Ddo tao, Tai chfnh Ke toan. Dau tu phat trie'n, Kinh doanh thUdng mai, Ky thudt san xuatva An toan, Khoa hpc Cdng nghe, Ke hoach tong hpp, Dd'i mdl doanh nghiep.
Kiem soat ngi bp). Dpi ngu QTCC khdng tham gia tryc tie'p vao quan ly, dieu hanh: cac chuyen gia cao cap, cac nha co van, cac tra iy cap cao ciia lanh dao Tdp doan,
* Tai cac dan vi thanh vien: Chii tich/Chu tich Hpi ddng thanh vien va/hodc Chii tich Hpi ddng quan tri, thanh vien Hpi dong thanh vien va/hoac iiy vien Hpi ddng quan t n , Td'ng giam ddc/Glam
ddc, Phd long giam ddc/Phd giam doc, Ke toan trudng, Kie'm soat vien, NgUdi dai dien quan 1^
phan vdn.
Lanh dgo. nhdn lyc QTCC ciia cac DN thuOc Vinashin, thdng thudng se dam duang cac cdng viec nhU: (1) Quan tr| chien lUdc hoal ddng cho cdng ty (hoach dmh, chi dao thyc hien va danhgiS chien lupc); (2) Lanh dao td chUc quan In, x^y dung van hda cong ty; (3) ThUc hien cac hoat dpng tai chinh (huy dpng, sQ dung, kiem soat vdn);
(4) SO dyng nhan luc (xay dyng va van hanh bo may nhan su hieu qua).
NNL QTCC thudc Vinashin dUpc phdn thanh 3 iogi theo chUc ndng. nhiem vp nhu sau:
- Dai dien cho cac ben lien quan lanh dgo to chCfc, - Chi dgo thyc hidn thdng qua mpt siJ m?nh hode muc dich;
- Hinh thdnh vd thyc hien nhQng thay dfll ve chien lupc ciia td chUc;
- Theo doi va giam sat cdc hoat ddng, ddc bi?l cac hoat dpng hen quan den ket qua tai chlnh, nang suat, chat IUdng, cac dich vu mdl va phat trie'n nhdn luc;
- Hoach dmh cac chinh sach va hudng dar thuc hien cho cac can bd quan ly khac tao dieu kien thudn ldi cho cdng tac quan ly va nhOng thay dd'i trong chien lUdc.
3. SU can thiet phai xac lgp h? thong tieu chuan chUc danh va tieu c h i danh gia nang li^
nha QTCC Vinashin
Hien lal, phan ddng tai cac DN nha nudcttiUc hien danh gia can bd lanh dao, quan ly tai ddnvi cdn cU theo hudng dah ciia Quy che danh gia can bo, cdng chUc ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh so 286-QDyTW, ngay 8/2/2010cua Bp Chinh tn khoa X va hudng dah ciia Bp Npi vu. Hang nam theo hudng dah ciia Bp giao Thdng Vdn lal, Tdp doin Cdng nghiep tau thuy Viet Nam thyc hidn ddnh ^ can bg theo Ke hoach. hudng dah dupc Hdi (J&ifl thanh vien quyet dmh nhu sau:
khoa hoc
96 thdtfng'mal'
So 64 + 65/2014a. Ve ndi dung danh gia dugc chia thanh nhieu tieu chi, tuy nhien cac tieu chi deu xoay quanh cac van de sau:
ChSp hdnh dudng ldi, chii IrUdng, chfnh sdch Clia Dang vd nhd nudc: quan ly DN ddc biet la DN nha nudc ludn phai hudng tdi myc lieu chlnh lr|, vi the can bd lanh dao DN rat can dupc ren luydn vd cung c o v e pham chal chfnh tr| Tieu chf nay rat quan trpng, nhung cung khdng de'ddng dinh ludng. Vide do IUdng lieu chi ndy cd the' la su thdng nhat cao dp hay khdng ciia mdl can bo ddi vdi cdc chii trUdng chfnh sach ciia dang, the hidn qua quan diem, tu tudng va nhgn thUc ciia mdl can bd.
Ve nang lyc, Irinh dp quan ly: trinh dp Id thU dupc dao tgo, dUdc tiep thu, nhUng nang luc nhu la cdi vdn cd, ba'm sinh, cdi Irdi cho" ciia mol ngudl. Ndng lyc la vdn quy, dUdc ke IhUa tU gia dinh, dl truyen cpng vdl kha nang tU duy nam tinh hinh, bie't van dyng sang tao vao tUng dieu kidn, hodn canh cy the de phdt huy thang lpi. Ngudl cd nang luc neu dUdc dao tao tdt se phai huy dUdc kha nang. Bdi nang luc nhu la cai vdn cd. cdn trinh dp Id cdi dupc bd sung. Trong thuc te khdng It can b6 luy khong dUdc hoc hanh day dii nhung trong qua trinh cdng tdc hp ty riit ra nhieu kinh nghiem hay chju khd tdng kel nen cd dUdc nhQng phUdng phdp, cdch iam hieu qua. NgUdi cd nang lyc Ihudng dam nghT, dam lam, dam chiu trach nhiem, hay lim tdi, kham pha va khdng bao gid chiu khuat phyc ke ddt ndt, bat tai, cd hdl. De' ngudi cd nang lyc phat huy tdt vai trd, trdch nhidm, cdng tac can bd cSn khdeh quan, cdng tdm trong danh gia, bd tri vd phai Igd mpi dieu kidn de hp phat huy
Mudn hodn thanh tdt nhiem vy dUpc giao, ddi hdi dSu tien cua ngudl can bd Id phai cd trinh dd Mudn cd trinh dd, tat yeu ngudi can bp phai dUdc ddo tgo, bdi dudng qua trudng ldp va tu ddo tgo, rdn luy§n qua thyc le cong tac, ca ve chuyen mdn vd trinh dd chinh Iri. Tuy nhien trong thyc te hien
nay, khdng fl can bp cd bang cap chuyen mdn, chfnh trj day dii nhung lai khdng cd dii ndng lyc cdng tac, khdng phat huy dUpc kha nang. Nguyen nhan mdt phan Id do phUdng phap ddd tad. mpt phan la do ban Ihdn lUng ngudl can bd.
Pha'm chat chlnh tri, dao dUc. loi song, lac phong va le loi lam vide: ngudi can bd cd Irinh dd, cd nang luc nhUng neu khdng cd tU cdch, pha'm chat dao dUc tot cQng khdng dupc ddn tin. Khi khdng dUpc tin se khdng dUdc ilng hp, ddn den khd hodn thdnh nhiem vu, Mdt ngudi cd tu cdch, nhan each, pham chat dgo dUc tdt se dupcmpl ngudl ne' phyc, img hd. ThUc te hien nay khdng it can bd khdng du tu each, trong cdng tac kem cdi.
trong quan he vdi anh em, ddng chi khdng hda ddng, dao dUc, phd'm chat kem; thieu guang mau trong dgo dUc, loi sdng, thdm chi vi phgm ky luat.
vi phgm nhdn cdch... nhung van duac bd tri lam can bd lanh dao, quan ly.
Ve ket qua thyc hien nhiem vy dupc giao' phai Id'y hieu qua cdng tdc vd sU ddng gdp Ihyc te Idm thudc do ket qua Ddt can bd trong mdi trudng va dieu kien cy the', trong mdi quan he bidn chUng vdi dudng Idl, chfnh sach, td chUc va ca che quan ly de' xem xet loan dien cac mdt khach quan, chit quan, trong ca qua trinh phat tnen cua cdn bd Tuy nhien, tren thyc te nhieu DN hoal ddng kem hidu qua nhung lanh dgo DN vah dupc danh gia hoan thdnh nhiem vy, Nguyen nhan mdt phan la thudc do hoan thdnh nhiem vu cua can bd chua gan lien vdi cac thudc do hidu qua cua DN.
b. Ve quy trinh danh gia:
Cap cd sd: ca nhdn cdn bd thudc dien ddnh gia se lam Ban kie'm die'm ca nhan bao gdm cac ndi dung nhu tren, Tren cd sd Ban kie'm die'm ca nhdn ca can bp, tap the' lanh dgo chii chdt ciia ddn vi se ddng gdp y kien va bd phieu tin nhiem d 4 mUc:
hoan thanh xud't sac nhiem vy, hoan Ihanh lot nhidm vy, hoan thdnh nhiem vy va chua hoan thanh nhiem vu.
36 64 + 65/2014
__khoa hoc ^
Uiddagm;! 97
QUAN TR! KINH DOANH
Cap tren: cap cd thd'm quyen bo nhidm va quan ly can bd tren cd sd bao cao, de nghj ciia cac ddn v\ cd sd se ket ludn mUc hoan thanh nhiem vy cua can bo,
c. Ket qua nhan xet, danh gia can bd duge sd dung lam can cO de tuye'n chgn, quy hoach, dao tao, boi dudng, luan chuyen, dieu dgng, bo nhiem, gidi thieu dng cO, mie'n nhidm, khen thudng, ky ludt va thtfc hien che do, chinh sach do'i vdi can bd.
Mot trong nhQng nguyen nhdn dd'n den han che, ye'u kem trong ddnh gia can bd la chua xay dyng tieu chua'n chUc danh va tieu chf danh gia can bd theo tieu chua'n chUc danh, nhat la cac chUc danh can bd lanh dao, quan iy. Danh gid can bd chua xac dinh ro tham quyen vd trach nhiem ciia ngudl dUng dau ddn vi trong viec ddnh gia, nhan xet can bp cap dUdi thugc pham vl phu trach;
cdn ne nang, ne tranh, hinh thUc, chua can cU vdo Vj tri chUc trach va nhiem vy dupc giao, chUa lay hieu qua cdng viec lam thudc do; ket qua danh gia khdng thuc chat, khdng phan anh dung pha'm chat, nang luc can bp dan den viec quy hoach, dao tao, bdi dudng nhat la khau bo tri, sif dung can bg cdn nhieu bat cdp. Mdt sd trudng hdp danh gia, b d t r i can bg chUa thdt cdng tdm, khach quan, khdng vi yeu cau cdng viec, bo tri khdng dung sd trudng, nang lUc
Trong bdi canh khd khan hidn nay, Vinashin phai thyc hien tai cd cau theo Quyet dmh so 1224/QD-TTg ngay 26/7/2013 cua Chfnh phii, trong do: (1) chi tap trung vao ddng mdi, sifa chQa tau thiiy; (2) Tai cd cau he thong to chUc Cdng ty me va cac ddn vj thanh vien; (3) Tdi cd cau lao dgng cua Tap doan. Trong dd viec tai cau true chien lupc phat trien ngudn nhan luc quan tri cap cao cd y nghTa quyet dinh, ddng vai trd then chot trong qua trinh tai cd cau tong the' Tap doan.
Cac tieu chi danh gia can bd ndi chung va NNL QTCC ndi rieng d Vinashin hien nay can duqc nghien cUu, chinh sifa, bo sung de phu hpp vdi thyc tieh. trong dd, can the hien quan diem danh gia va tam tU nguyen vgng ciia dong dao can b$, cong nhan vien trong Tap doan.
Nhu vay, viec xac lap bp he thdng lieu chuan chUc danh va lieu chi danh gia nang lyc nha QTCC Vinashin gial doan hien nay la yeu cau cap bach, nham sang Igc, phan logi can bp cap cao, ddng thdi md ra cd hpi cho nhQng can bp du nang luc, cd tdm huyet dam nhan nhQng v| tri quan trgng trong Cdng ty me va ddn v\ thanh vien
4. Be xua't h$ thd'ng tieu chuan chUc danfi va tieu chi danh gia nang lyc nha QTCC Vinashin glai doan hipn nay
4.1. H$ thong tieu chuan chdc danh nha QTCC Vinashin
Ve xdy dyng tieu chud'n cdc chUc danh QTCC ciia Vinashin va cac tap dodn kinh te nha nU6c, ngoai nhQng tieu chud'n chung quy djnh, qua nghien cUu tac gia cho rang can Ihlet phai cu the hda them cac tieu chua'n cho 3 nhdm chQc danh chii yeu: nha QTCC cd lien quan den quan tri chung va ddng tai chinh, quan tr; chung va dong canh tranh/marketing, quan tn chung va dong cdng nghe san xuat - kinh doanh (SXKD). Nhav|y mdl nha QTCC cua Vinashin deu can cd nang lUc de' xay dung mpt nang luc cot loi ve quan trj chung vd quan tn 1 trong 3 ddng cdng viec tren. Trong bai bao nay tac gia de xuat xdy dung bd tieu chud'n 3 chUc"danh cac nha QTCC (Bang 1).
4.2. H$ thdhg tieu chl va quy trinh danh gH nang Itfc nha QTCC Vinashin (dexuii)
PhUdng phap nghien cQu va danh gia thyc tr^ifl nang luc lanh dao chien lupc ciia cac nha quantn chien lupc DN, danh gia nang lyc lanh dgo chl&i lupc ciia DN dupc tdp trung vao cac nha QTCCciJa
khoa hQC
thifdng m ^ i ' S o 6 4 + 65/2014
Bang 1 ,• Bd tieu ehi cho tidu chuan cac chOc danh QTCC cua Vinashin
i. Tidu c h u ^ diung ci)o cac nha QTCC Kl y§u tdquan tr|:
1. van dyng quan tn va phat then chien lUdc dinh hudng gia tn/thj tnidng 2. Danh gia va dy bao mdi InJdng, dap Ung nhanh vdi dieu kien thay ddi 3. Xdy dung hinh anh va trdch nhiem xa hgi DN
4. Kidn tao tinh Ilnh hogt cua ket cau to chUc 5. Phat tnen d|nh hudng kich khdi/sang tao DN 6. TruySn thdng va kiem scat quan tn
7. Thu hilt va glQ gin nhan lyc sang tao va hieu qua sif dung nhan lyc cao 8. Phat then lien mmh, hen kel vd quan he ddi tac chien lupc 9. Ong phd vdi lgm phat va cgnh tranh
10. Lanh dao chien ludc dua tren gia In va tri thUc
i1. Tieu chuan rieng cho cac chUc danh nha QTCC d|nh hUdng marketing va kinh doanh:
1. Phat trien sy thda man, long trung thanh vd quan tri quan he khach hang
2. Phat trien chat lUdng, ma'u ma san pha'm va khac biet hoa chao hang thi trudng san pham 3. Oau lu phat tnen san phim mdi, djch vy mdl bdi R&D cua DN
4. D|nh gia va thyc hanh gia Ilnh hoat theo dudng cong kinh nghidm dya tren gia trj 5. Phat trien djch vy san pham va chat lUdng dich vu khach hang
6. Phat trien kenh Marketing (gom kenh phan phdi, truydn thong va bdn hang) thong suot kip thdi va co do bao phil thj trudng myc tieu cao
7. Phat trien gia tq thUdng higu san pham va DN dya tren khach hang 8. Phat trl^n thj phdn va khai thac ldi the tU tiem nang tdng tnidng thi trudng 9. Vuot rao can thi trudng muc tieu va kien tao rao can xam nhap thi trudng ciia DN cao 10. Thigt ldp quan hd vdi cac nha cung cap thUdng ngudn co kha ndng cung Ung dau vao manh 12. Tieu c h u ^ rieng cho cac chdc danh nha QTCC dinh hUdng tai chinh, ke toan:
1. Tiep cdn vdi ngudn von khi da co yeu cau 2. Phat trien mUc thda dung cdng suat lai san va ROA 3. Kl€n tgo mUc sinh lpi (ROS, ROE, ROI)
4. Qudn trj thanh khoan (thanh toan, np xa'u, np) vd von chii sd hQu 5. Phat trign tinh 6n dinh, lanh mgnh tai chfnh va cac cong cu don ba'y 6. Dau tu vdn cho cac dy an kinh doanh va tai trd cho cac hogt dpng chuoi gia In DN 7. Vupt rao can thue quan va canh tranh ve gia trdn thi trudng muc tieu (trong xuat khau) 8 Quan tr| chi phi cho cac hoat dong chudi gia tn DN
9. Xii ly tai chinh k|p thdi, hidu qua khi rut khoi thi tnJdng hode M&A
10. Phai trien thanh toan dien tif va sQ dung phan mem phan tich tai chinh lUdng thich 13. TlSu c h u ^ rieng cho cac chUc danh nha QTCC d|nh hUdng cong ngh$ s^n xuat va tac nghi§p:
1. Phat tnen. td chUc va hoat dpng R&D phu hpp, hieu qua 2. Phat trign hogt dpng kien tgo tri thQc va sd hQu tri tue
3. Mua sSm va phat tne'n cong nghg, thiet bi tien tien, cap nhat va phu hdp vdl bdi canh, dieu kien DN 4. ThiSl kd (phong cdch, mau ma, bao gdi. dan nhan) va lap trinh qua trinh cdng nghe san xuat san pham dupc trp giup bdi may tinh va phan mem tUdng hpp
5. Tai thidt (re-englneennq) cac qua trinh kinh doanh cot ldi
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Q U A N T R ! K I N H D O A N H
6. Ap dung he thdng san xual Ilnh gpn (lean manufacturing), linh hoal (flexibility) va khach hang hoa (customization)
7. Ap dyng quy trinh cdng nhe "xanh, sgch" dap Ung yeu cau rao can ky Ihudl va mdi trudng ciia th| InJdng myc tieu (dgc biel trong xuat khau)
8 Van dyng outsourcing cac chi tiet, cd cau, bp phgn san pham va cac BDS hidu qua, dac biet tU dau ra Clia cong nghe phu trd va cac nha cung cap trong nudc
9. Ap dyng ISO, H/\ACP, SA lien tie'n va phu hdp vdi cdc lieu chuin ky thual thUdng mai khu vyc va quoc te
10, Kien tao ham lupng tri tue, gia tn gia tang va s i n sang dap Ung ngay cang cao vao san pha'm cua DN DN thdng thudng chi can thdng qua bang cap, hoc
Vj, thdm nien, khen thudng ciia cac QTCC, nhUng lai rat khd bdi cdc chi sd nang lyc la trUu tupng va khd nam bat, the hien, Vi vay phUdng phap dupc dua ra thay cho lay phieu gidi thieu va tin nhiem mpt each mac dinh nhu tren la phUdng phap "ddi thoai ket hdp trac nghiem danh gia ndng lyc lanh dac" theo cac yeu to ea'u thanh nang lyc de mot nhd quan tri chien lUdc cd the' hoan thanh vai tro lanh dao ciia minh trong dieu hanh chien lUdc, Vdi tiep can tren, tac gia de xua't he thdng tieu chf danh gia nang luc cac nhd QTCC Vinashin gdm:
4.2.1. Tieu chi danh gia nang luc chung ve quan tn DN cua nha QTCC Vinashin:
1. NhQng kien thUc can thiet vdi nhd QTCC d Vinashin
2. NhQng pham chat can cd ddi vdi nhd QTCC d Vinashin
3. Ddnh gia ndng lyc tri thUc mdi trudng kinh doanh 4 Ndng lyc tri thUc chuyen mdn, chuyen ngdnh quan trj DN cdng nghiep d Vinashin: tri thUc quan tri chien lupc va phai trien cac ke hoach hang ndm; tri thUc tnen khai quan tr| va ndng cap cac ddng cdng viec dUdc dam nhan; tn IhUc quan tn thay ddi va doi mdi DN; tri thUc to chUc quan ly va kie'm soat cac nha quan tri cap Irung, cac cd sd dudi quyen
5. MUc dd ky nang quan tn va dieu hanh DN 6 Vinashin
khoa boc 100 thddng'mal'
4.2.2. Tieu chi danh gia nang Itfc cot Idi. d$c thu ve quan tn T$p doan va td'ng cdng ty cua nha QTCC Vinashin:
1. Ndng luc tri thUc quan tri cdng ty va/hodc DN thanh vien nganh cdng nghiep tau thiiy Vidt Nam va the gidi
2. Ndng lyc tri thUc lien nganh, lien ITnh vyc lien quan tdi tiem nang phdt trie'n thj trudng nganh kinh doanh va djch vy tdu thiiy
3. Ndng luc phat trien chien lupc va xdy dyng cac nang lpc cot loi theo ddng cdng vide dam nhan 4. Nang lyc bdm sdt cd sd. phat hi^n van de, xay dyng tam nhin tri thUc vd tdp hdp mpi ngUdI giai quyet van de ngay tai cd sd
5. Nang lyc kfch khdi sang tao DN 6. Nang luc trien khai do'i mdi md hinh kinh doanh cua cac ddn vt kinh doanh chien liidc (Strategic Business Unlt-SBU) nganh chinh diJa tren gia trj
7. Nang luc lanh dao chien lupc kinh doanh dua tren Iri thUc
8. Nang lye hanh vi gUdng mail ve dao dilc chUc nghiep, phong each nhdn vdn vd ban linh chlnh trj chdng tham nhung, lang phi
Ve ddi tugng tham gia danh gia:
QTCC cap Tap doan: Hpi ddng thanh vien. Ban Tdng giam doc, Ban ThUdng vy Dang uy Tdp dodn, Trudng cac Ban chuyen mon, Kiem soat vieri. <W"
ngu QTCC cac doanh nghidp;
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QTCC cap ddn v]: Hdi ddng thdnh vien, Ban Tdng giam doc Tdp doan, Dai didn Dang iiy ddn v\, Ban giam doc dpn vi. Chu Ijch/Hpi ddng thanh vien ddn v|, Kiem soat vien.
Ve quy trinh danh gia:
(1) Chud'n b| danh gia (2) Xac dinh myc lieu danh gia + Muc tieu ddng vien + Myc tieu quan l^' vd sQ dyng (3) Nguyen lac danh gid
Danh gia dpi ngu QTCC phai dya tren cdc chi so hoat ddng cCia ddn vi nhu lpi nhudn. s d lan giao hang dung han,...v.v.
Cdng tdc lanh dao can suy nghT Ihau dao hanh vl cua cac nha QTCC tdc dpng nhu the nao den cac phUdng phap dUdc sii dung de' danh gia sy Ihdnh cdng ciia dpi ngu QTCC.
can cU vao cac dieu kien mdi Irudng kinh te - xa hdl Chung quanh va dieu kidn hoat dpng cua ddi ngu QTCC.
(4) Xdc d|nh phupng phap ddnh gia PhUdng phap danh gid tU cSp tren:
Cdc ddnh gia hogt ddng tU cap tren ia do cap tren cua ngudl do quye't dmh, bao gdm cac danh gid ve hogt ddng can cU tren mdl sd cac phgm vi cd lidn quan.
Dau lien, Tdp doan sQ dung mdt so thang diem dg danh gia xem dpi ngu QTCC quan ly cap dudi da hodn thdnh mdt so cac myc dich chu chot 6 mUc ndo. Cap tren cung ddnh gia dpi ngu QTCC c5p dudi theo mpt s d phgm vi chii chot nhu ban tinh trung thyc, khd ndng lanh dao, ky nang quan ly, ... Cudi cimg cap tren (cap quyet dmh bo nhi§m) quyet dmh danh gia hoat ddng toan dien vd/hay kha ndng thdng chUc ciia lanh dgo nay
Dd tin c$y: thinh thoang cap tren khdng cd Ihdl gian dg dua ra nhQng tha'm dmh danh gia hoal diJng chfnh xdc hay lodn dien; cd luc cap tren cd
the' gan nhu khdng biet hay khdng nam duac cac hoat dgng ciia ngudi quan ly can dUpc danh gid.
Mdt s d ngudi quan ly cd the lam cho cap Iren tin rang hg dang ldm viec rat tdt, trong khi Ihyc te cdng vide lal khdng phai vay NhQng lanh dgo cap Iren khac thi gap khd khan trong vide gial quyet cac mau thuah va thfch dUa ra nhQng danh gia d mUc trung binh de trdnh cac phien phUc ve sau vi nhQng ddnh gia khdng tot do minh dUa ra. Ngoai ra, linh ban, khuynh hUdng cam tfnh vd nhQng loi thudc linh cung cd the lam cho cap tren danh gia thien Vl ve hoat ddng thyc ciia mdt nhd quan ly cap dudi.
Phuang phap danh gid IQ nhan vien cap dudi:
Theo phUdng phap nay, nhQng nhan vien cap dudi se dupc yeu cau danh gia ve mUc dp thda mdn ciia hp hay ve hogt ddng hieu qua ciia v| lanh dao NhQng nhan vien cap dudi cd the' tuang ddi hdi Idng hay khdng hai Idng. cd the' dUdc ddng vien hay khdng dUpc ddng vien, cd the cam thay tuang ddi tdn tdm hay khdng tdn tam vdi cdng ty;
hay cd the tin rang lanh dgo ciia hp lam viec tUdng ddi hidu qua hay khdng hieu qua
Dp tin cay. viec thuc da'y ddng luc, su gdn ket, sy hdp tdc vd tinh than lam viec giQa cac thanh vien trong to chQc la mdt muc tieu ma hau het cac lanh dao deu cd gang de dgt dupc; luy nhien khi sif dung cac danh gia ve ddng cd vd linh gan ket cua nhdn vien de danh gia hieu qua hoat ddng ciia ngudi quan ly Ihi cd the' khdng dung Trudc het, mdt sd nhdn vien cap dudi cd the khdng he cd chut ddng cd lam vide nao du ldnh dgo cd lam gi dl nQa ThU hai, viec cd the' lam cho nhdn vien cap dudi trd nen cd y thUc ve ddng cd vd su gan ket chua chac dam bao dupc rang hoat ddng lam vide cua hp se hieu qua Ngoai ra, cac nhdn vien cap dudi cd tfie hoat ddng 6 mUc thap song van danh gia lanh dao ciia ho lam vide hieu qua vi lanh dao
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QUAN TR! KINH DOANH
do khdng bat hp phai lam viec cham chi va ngupc lai. Vi the, moi tuang quan giQa cac ddnh gia ciia nhdn vien cap dudi va hoat ddng cua lanh dao cd the se khong rd rang va cd the se h\ chl phiS bdi nhieu yeu t d khdc nam ngoai sy kiem soat ciia ngudi lanh dao ndy.
Mac du CO mdt so bat cap nhUng cac danh gia cua cap dudi van cd the phan dnh mdt each chfnh xac ve anh hudng ciia ngUdi quan ly tryc tiep han la danh gia tU cap tren ciia ngudl quan ly dd, Ly do thU nhat la cac nhan vien cap dUdi d mdt v[ tri phu hdp hdn de dUa ra nhQng ddnh gia nay ThQ hai, khi cd nhieu ngUdi tham gia danh gia thi sy "thien v f dd'i vdi Ianh dgo cap tren cung se ty dupc Icai trQ.
(5) Tien hanh danh gia
Viec ddnh gid dUpc tien hanh bang each cho die'm: td'ng so die'm toi da la 100 die'm. Tong so die'm dupc phdn thanh khoang va cac QTCC se dat mUc hoan thanh xuat sac, tot, hoan thanh va khdng hoan thanh tuang Ung vdi so diem dat dUdc, cy the' nhu sau
Hoan thanh xuat sac nhiem vy: nhQng ngudi dat tu 90 diem trd len;
Hoan thanh tot nhiem vy: nhQng ngudi dat tU 80 de'n 89 die'm;
Hoan thanh nhiem vy: nhOng ngudl dat tU 50 den 79 die'm;
Khdng hoan thanh nhiem vy: nhQng ngudi dat dudi 50 die'm
(6) Sil dung ket qua danh gia
H§ thdng danh gia QTCC can dUdc gan vdi viec quan ly va sif dyng dpi ngu QTCC nhu khen thudng, tang lUdng, trao quyen. dao tao vd each chUc.
Ke't lugn
Ket qua nghien cUu trong bai bao la cd sd ly ludn de ap dung trong danh gia thyc trang ngudn nhdn luc CEO ciia cdc ddn vi thanh vien trong
Vinashin, gdp phan thuc hien thang Idi nhiem vy ldi cd cau long the' Vinashin thdi gian t d i . *
Tai li$u tham khao:
1. Website: www.doanhnhan360.com, 2. Ket ludn 81-KL/TW ngay 06/8/2010 cua B9 Chfnh tr|,
3. Quyet dmh 2108/QD-TTg ngay 18/11/2010 ciia Thli tudng Chfnh phii.
4. Quyet dmh s d 286-QD/TW ngdy 28/2/2010 ciia Bd Chinh tr[ khda X
5. Quyet dmh sd 104/QD-TTg ngay 15/10/2006 ciia Thil tudng chlnh phu
6. Ngh! d m h s d 66/2011/ND-CP ngay 01/8/2011 ciia Chinh phu
7 Thdng tU so 03/2012/TT-BNV HUdng dari thuc hien Nghj dmh s d 66/2011/ND-CP ngay 001/8/2011 cua Chfnh phu
Summary
The article presents the research model on evaluating senior management human resources of companies under Vietnam Shipping Building Group, known as Vinashin. The article generalizes the situation of Vinashin and Identifies some issues facing the corporation in its process of restructuring human resources; identifies scientif- ic grounds to build up models of evaluating senior management human resources for enterprises under Vinashin; proposes models of title criteria and evaluation standards senior management human resources In Vinashin amid the current context.
