NGHIEN CtfU - PHAT TRIEN L* L U A N
CHU NGHIA XA HOI
VACONDl/dNGDI LEN CHU N G H I A X A HOI QUA/)/Cf/[/C CUA CHU TICH HOCHIMINH
• PGS, TS HO TRONG HOAI
* TS NGUYEN ANH TUAN
Viin Cha nghia xa hQi khoa hoc.
Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Tom tat: Noi dung cd ban, xuyen suot va bao triim "EH chuc" cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh la tti tudng ve CNXH vacon itidngxay dUng CNXH d Viet Nam. Bai viet phan tich vaketluan:
vdi torn vdc nhii mot CMng linh vedoi mdi va xay dting CNXHd Viet Nam, Di chiic cua Bdc coy nghia thienglieng thdi thiic, dan dotsiXnghiep ciia Bdngva dan tgc ta tronghdnh trinh xay dUng CNXH vi muc tieu ddn gidu, ntidc manh, dan chii, cong bang, vdn minh.
• Tii khda: Di chiic. Ho Chi Minh, chu nghia xd hdi.
K
g tu ngay cong bd, ban Di chuc lich su cho con nguoi, cho dan tgc, cho nhan loai: "Toi cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da thu hiit chi co mpt sir ham mutin, ham muon tot bac, la duoc SII quan tam dac biet ciia nhieu nha lam sao cho nuoc ta duoc hoan toan dpc lap, dan nghign ciiu, nha chinh tri, nha hoat dpng xa hpi ta duoc hoan toan tu do, dong bao ai cung co va cac ting lop nhan dan. Co dupe siic hcip din com an ao mac, ai cung dupe hpc hanh"'"; "Chi ky la do la boi Di cAuc da vuot xa gioi han ciia co chu nghia xa hpi, chu nghia c6ng san moi giai mpt ban di chiic thong thudng, tro thanh mfit phong dupe eac dan tpc bi ap buc va nhirng van kien ly luan dac s^c, chiia dimg gia tri chinh nguoi Iao dpng tren the gidi khoi aeh no le"'^':tn, van hoa... sau s3c, moi me. 50 nam qua, Di "Ca doi t6i chi c6 mpt mijc dich, la phSn dau cho cAiic ciia Bac thuc su la ngudn dpng luc tinh quyen loi T6 quoc va hanh phiic ciia quoc dan.
than to Ion, thoi dnic toan Dang, toan dan ta nfl Nhiing khi toi phai an nap noi niii non, hoac ra luc hoan thanh su nghiSp vT dai: thong nhit Td vao chon tCi tpi, xong pha su hiem ngheo - la vi quoc, xay dung CNXH. mijc dich do... Bat kjf bao gid, bat ky o dau, toi
Di chiic la su tdng ket v^ cupc ddi ciia anh cung chi theo dudi mpt muc dich lam cho ich hCing giai phdng dan tpc, danh nhan van hda Hd qudc loi dan"™. Nhu vay, mue dich, khat vong, Chi Minh. Ngudi ludn ap li khat khao cdng hien hoai bao, ly tuong cao dep ciia Chu tich Hd Chi
LtLUAN CHINH TR!" So 10/2019
« T H A O K H O A H O C C A P Q U O C GIA |
m CWJWCM&W TICH HO CHX m
• . (1969-2019) : "
Ha Ni)ii ngay 28 Ihdng 8 nam 2019
'nam 2019 . ^^B^0,
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Hoi thdo Ichoa hoc quoc gia "50 nam thuc hien Di chuc cua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh " _ Anh: HCMA
Minh la ddc lap dan tdc gdn lien vdi CNXH; ddc lap cho dan toe gdn hen vdi dm no, tu do, hanh phiic cho nhan dan.
Con ngudi ay, su nghiep ay da dupe ca dan tdc va nhan loai tdn vinh. Oili; viln cua Ban chdp hanh Trung uong Dang Lao ddng Viet Nam do dong chi Le Duan, Bi thu thii nhat, dgc ttong Ll truy dieu Chii tich Ho Chi Minh da khdng dinh:
"tir budi thieu nien cho din phut cudi cimg, H 6 CHII TICH da cdng hiln trgn ddi minh cho su nghilp each mang ciia nhan ddn ta va nhdn dan the gidi. Ngudi da ttai qua mot cudc ddi oanh lilt, day gian khd hy sinh, vd cung cao thugng va phong phii, vd cimg ttong sdng va dep de... Dan tdc ta, nhan ddn ta, non sdng ddt nude ta da sinh ra H 6 CHU TICH, ngudi anh himg dan tdc vi dai, vd ehinh Ngudi da lam rang rd ddn tdc ta, nhdn dan ta va non sdng ddt nude ta"'*'.
Vdi tu cdch la he thdng nhiing tu tudng sdu sdc, toan dien v l nhiing van de ca ban ciia cdch mang Viet Nam, nghiln ciiu tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh qua bdn Di chdc bdt hii, chiing ta thdy cd mdy dilm ndi bat v l CNXH va con dudng di len CNXH d Viet Nam sau day:
1. Ve mo hmh, dac tnmg cua chu nghia xa hoi Trong Di chiic, chi hai lan Hd Chi Minh dimg tir xa hoi chu nghia va 2 lan Ngudi diing tu chu nghia xa hoi nhung toan bp tinh than va ldi van ttong Di chuc da the hien dupe quan niem hien dai cua Ngudi v l CNXH, ve ban chat, dac trung, muc tilu va phuong thiic di tdi CNXH, ttr phdt triln kinh tl, van hda, xa hdi, ehinh sdch xa h^i d i n con ngudi va td chiic, tii dan tdc d i n qudc tl, tir xa hdi den mdi trudng, tir xay dung CNXH den bao vl Td qudc XHCN'^*.
CNXH trong Di chuc ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh khdng ehi dugc tiep can tir phuang diln chinh tri, kinh te ma cdn d phuang dien dcto diie, van hda. Theo dd, mdt nude Viet Nam dugc hinh dung la mdt qudc gia hda binh, thdng nhat, ddc lap, dan chu va giau manh, va gop pban xung dang vao sunghiep each mang thegim'^', x^gQ
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Hd Chi Minh, CNXH khdng chi Id \-f tudng, khdt vpng ma quan ttgng ban dd Id CNXH thuc tiln, CNXH hanh ddng, la chi dp na. hdi hien thuc do nhdn dan Viet Nam xay dung dudi su lanh dao ciia Dang vdi cdc ddc trung chu ylu sau day:
Motla, CNXHdVietNamlamdtcbedoxahdi dugc thiit lap, van hanh theo nguyen tac dan chu; nhan dan Viet Nam, con ngudi Viet Nam vira la chu the vua la muc tieu, vua la d6i tuang vim la ddng luc phat trien.
Hd Chi Minh tung viet: "Nude ta la nude dan chu. Bao nhiiu Ipi ich deu vi ddn. Bao nhieu quyIn han diu cua dan. Cdng vile ddi mdi, xay dung la ttach nhiem eua dan. Su nghiep khdng chien, kiln qudc la cdng vile cua dan. Chinh quyIn tir xd din Chinh phii do dan cu ra. Doan thi tirTrung uong din xa do dan td chiic nen. Ndi tdm lai, quyen hanh va lye lugng deu d nai dan"'^.
Trong do, "cdn bd va cdng nhdn cd ky thuat gioi, tu tudng tdt, lap trudng cdch mang vung chdc. Dd la dpi qudn chu lue trong cdng cugc xay dung thdng Ipi chu nghia xa hdi"'^'; thanh niln vira
"hdng" vua "ehuyin" la "nhiing ngudi thira klxay dung xa hdi chunghia"'*'. CNXH d Viet Nam duge tao lap trudc het va chii yeu bdi "luc lupng vi dai eua todn dan"'^"', bdng siic manh vi dai ciia khdi dai doan kit toan dan tdc.
Hai la, CNXH aVietNam la mot che do xa hoi cd sumenh giai phong dan tdc, giai phdng giai cap, giai phdng xa hdi, giai phdng va phat trien con ngudi. Dd khdng chi Id muc tilu, khat vpng ma phai dupe hiln thuc hda ngay trong timg budc, ttong timg chu truang, ke hoach phdt triln kinh te.xa hpi.
Tren hanh trinh tim dudng ciiu nude, Hd Chi Minh timg nhan manh, ehiing ta dd lam each mang thi phai lam eho din nai. Td qudc phdi dupe hda binh, thdng nhdt, dgc lap; dan phdi dupe hudng am no, tu do, hanh phiie. Cdn nlu
nude duge ddc lap md dan khdng dupe hudng am no, tu do, hanh phiic thi dgc lap dy ciing chang dl lam ^. Ngay sau khi Cdch mang Thdng Tam thdnh cdng, tai cugc hpp ddu tiln eua Uy ban nghien ciru kl hoach kiln qudc. Ho Chi Minh nlu rd muc tieu ciia ehl dp mdi: "L Ldm cho dan cd dn. 2. Lam eho dan cd mac. 3. Lam eho dan cd chd d. 4. Lam cho dan cd hpc hanh""". Mpi chii truong, chinh sach, kl hoach cua Dang, Nha nude phdi xudt phdt tir con ngudi, vi con ngudi, hudng tdi eon ngudi va phdt huy siie manh cua nhdn td eon ngudi; dung tai dan, siic ddn dl muu Ipd ich cho ddn.
Trong Di chOc, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh can dan: Ddng, Nha nude phai cd klhoach sdn sang, rd rang, chu ddo, ty m^ thilt thuc, thich hpp ddi vdi timg thdnh phan, bg phdn nhan ddn eu the sao eho mdi ngudi ai ciing cd cdng dn, viec lam, cd dieu kiln phat trien de khdng ngimg ndng cao ddd sdng (vat chdt, tinh thdn) cd nhdn, gia dinh va gdp phan tich cue cho xa hdi. Thi du nhu, ddi vdi nhimg ngudi da hy sinh mgt phan xuong man ciia minh eho Td qudc thi Dang, Chinh phu va ddng bao phdi tim mgi each lam eho hp cd noi dn chdn dyin dn, ma Idp day nghi thich hpp vdi moi ngudi dl hp cd the ddn dan "tu luc cdnh smh"... Ddi vdi cha me, vpcon eiia thuong binh vd liet si ma thilu siic Iao ddng va tiing thilu thi Dang, Chinh phu vd ddng bao phai giup dd ho cd cdng viec lam dn thich hgp, quyit khdng dl hp hi ddi rit. Ddi vdd nhiing nan nhan cua che dp xa hpi cii, Nha nude phai vira dimg gido due, vira diing phap luat de cai tao hp, giiip hp ttd nIn nhirng ngudi Iao ddng luong thiln'^^'...
Ba la, CNXH a Viet Nam la mdt chi do xa hdi phat triin giau manh.
Mudn cd xa hpi giau manh, trudc hit ddt nude phai hda binh, thdng nhat, ddc lap. Xa hdi ay nhan dan la chu vd lam chu. Smh thdi, Hd Chi
L V L U A N C H I N H T R J - S O I O / 2 0 1 9
Minh timg ndi: "Chu nghia xa hdi trudc het nhdm lam cho nhan dan Iao ddng thodt nan ban cung, lam eho mpi ngudi cd cdng an vile ldm, dupe am no va sdng mdt ddi hanh phiic""^';
"Chu nghia xa hdi la nhdm ndng cao ddi sdng vat chat vd vdn hda ciia nhdn dan, va do nhan dan tuxdy dung lay...""^'. Hd Chi Minh da nhieu lan nhdc d i n viec xay dung CNXH d Viet Nam la qua trinh lam eho nude ta giau manh, dan ta sung sudng. Trong tu duy Hd Chi Minh, CNXH khdng the la mdt xa hgi ngheo khd, lac hau; CNXH la giau cd ca ve vat chat va tinh than; gidu cd cho sd ddng nhan dan chu khdng phai chi cho mdt bp phan. CNXH la mdt xa hdi mdi phat trien toan diln ve kinh te, chi'nh tri, van hda, dao diic, xa hdi, mdi trudng; giau cd ve vat chdt, tinh thdn, dao diic, van hda va vung manh vl an ninh qudc phdng. Nam 1947, ttong tac pham Ddi sdng mdi, Ngudi khdng dinh, viec xay dung ddi sdng mdi la nhdm mue dich lam cho "ddi sdng eua dan ta, vdt chat dugc day du hon, tinh Uian dupe vui manh hon""^'. Trong Di chuc, Ngudi tiep tuc nhdn manh: "Dang cdn phai cd klhoach that tdt d l phat trien kinh te va van hda, nhdm khdng ngimg ndng cao ddi sdng ciia nhdn ddn""^'...
Boh la, CNXHdVietNaw la motchedoxahoi cd quan be hda binh, bop tac, hiiu nghi vdi cac nudcXHCN va cac nude bau ban nam chau.
Cach mang Viet Nam tdt yeu di theo con dudng each mang vd san; each mang Vilt Nam la mpt bd phan ciia each mang t h i gidi. Cach mang vd san d Viet Nam la cupc each mang cd tinh chu ddng cao, "dua vao sue minh la chinh",
"dem site ta giai phdng cho ta", ddng thdi phat huy dupe sire manh ddn tdc va siic manh qudc t l tren ca sd chii nghia yeu nude chdn chinh va chu nghia qudc te trong sang. Nhd vay, trong qua trinh ddu tranh gianh ddc lap dan tdc hay trong giai doan phdt triln hda binh, Viet Nam
ludn nhdn duge su iing hd, giiip dd tan tinh ciia eae nude XHCN va cdc nude bau ban nam chau.
Dap lai nhiing tinh cam do, vdi ban be qudc te, Viet Nam cung vd cdng thuy chung, ra siie nd iuc img hd, gilip dd eac nude anh em, bdu ban, nd luc gdp phan xiing ddng vao su nghiep each mang t h i gidi. Trong Di chuc, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh du dmh, din ngay chien thdng, Ngudi se
"thay mat nhdn dan ta di thdm va cam an cdc nude anh em trong phe xa hdi chii nghia, va eac nude bdu ban khdp nam chau da tan tinh ung hd va giiip dd cudc khdng chiln chong My, cim nude Ciia nhdn dan ta"'^'''; "Tdi mong rdng Dang ta se ra siic hoat ddng, gdp phan ddc luc vao viec khdi phuc lai khdi doan kit giiia cdc dang anh em ttin nen tang chu nghia Mae- Limn va chii nghia qudc t l v d san, cd ly, cd tinh"''^'.
Nam la, CNXH a Viet Nam la mot che do xa hdi do nhan dan xay dung dudi sulanh dao cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam.
"Chu nghia xa hgi la do qudn chung nhan ddn tu minh xay dung nln""^' nhung dd khdng phai la qua trinh tir phat ma Id qua trinh dupe td ehiic, lanh dao vdi tinh tu giac cao dd. Hd Chi Minh khdng dinh: "Dd Id cdng trinh tap the ciia qudn chiing Iao dpng dudi su lanh dao cua Dang"™.
Trong Dudng each menh, Ngudi viet: "Cdch menh ttudc hit phai cd cdi gi? Trudc h i t phai cd dang each menh... Dang cd vung each menh mdi tiianh cdng, cung nhu ngudi cdm ldi cd viing thuyin mdi chay"i2". Theo dd, la ngudi lanh dao, dan dudng, td chuc thuc hien cdng cugc kiln diilt CNXH, Ddng phai la Dang ciia tti tue, dao diie va van minh Dang dai bieu cho lai ich cua giai cap cdng nhan, nhdn dan Iao ddng va ea dan tdc Viet Nam. Dang n l u guong thuc hanh dan ehu va doan ket; canbd, dang vien cua Dang vira la ngudi lanh dao vira la ngudi diy td trung thanh cua nhan dan. Khdng cd mgt Dang nhu t h i lanh dao
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ddn dudng thi khdng the ed CNXH. Ngudd nhan manh: "Ddng khdng phai la mdt td chiic de lam quan phat tdi. Nd phai lam ttdn nhiem vu giai phdng ddn tpc, ldm cho Td qudc giau manh, ddng bdo sung sudng"'^^'. Trong Di chiic, Ngudi can dan: "Moi dang vien va can bd phai that su tham nhudn dao dm: each mang, that su cdn, kilm, liem, chinh, chi cdng vd tu. Phai giii ^n Dang ta that ttong sach, phdi xung ddng la ngudi lanh dao, la ngudi ddy td that trung thanh eua nhan dan"'^'.
Nhuvdy, sulanh dao, cam quyen cua Ddng Cdng san Viet Nam ttong sgch, viing manh, tilu bilu cho tri tul, dao diic, van minh la van de cd tinh sdng cdn ddi vdi chi dp XHCN d Viet Nam. Dd viia la dilu Men tien quyit vira Id mdt ttong nhiing dac trung ban ehdt eua CNXH d Viet Nam.
2. Ve dac diem, dong lu-c va biln phap xSy dung chii nghTa xa hoi d Viet Nam
Sinh thdi, Hd Chi Minh rat quan tam den dac diim, dong Iuc va con dudng, bi$n phap xiy dungCNXHdVietNam. Ngudi tiing ndi: "Chiing ta xay dung cudc sdng mdi, eiing vi nhu ngudi di dudng, phai biet rd minh ra di tir ddu, se din ddu va phai qua nhung chdng dudng nao"'^*... Van dung sang tao ly luan Mac-Lenin vao thue tiln Viet Nam, Dang va Hd Chi Minh xdc dinh: "dac diem to nhat cua ta ttong thdi ky qua dp la tii mgt nude ndng nghiep lac hau tien thdng len CNXH khdng phai kinh qua giai doan phdt triln tu ban ehu nghia"'^^'. Xay dung CNXH ttong dieu kien ed chien ttanh; vira xdy dung CNXH vira danh dudi tay sai va ke thu xam luge. Ket hgp cai tao xa hdi eu vd xay dung xa hgi mdi; xay dung CNXH va bao vl Td qudc XHCN. Xay dung CNXH la su nghiep khd khan, lau dai, phiic tap. gian khd ban viec danh giac. Trong Di chuc, Hd Chi Minh nhdn manh: xay dung CNXH la "cudc chien dau chdng lai nhiing gi eu ky, hu hdng, dl tao ra nhiing cai mdi me, tdt tuoi"; la cdng viec "rdt to Idn, nang
ne va phiie tap, ma ciing la rat ve vang"'^^'...
Vdi ddc dilm nhu till, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh cho rang, cdng cudc xay dung CNXH d Viet Nam cd nhieu ddng luc. Dd ia ddng lire vat chat vd tinh than; ddng luc bin ttong vd bin ngoai; dgng luc kinh tl, ehinh tti va vdn hda, dao diic. Trong Di chuc, Ngudi nhan manh cac ddng lue nhu:
truyin thdng doan kit cua dan tdc vd cua Dang;
thuc hanh dan ehu trong Dang va ttong xa hdi;
nhan dan ylu nude ndng nan, ludn di theo Dang, trung thanh vdi Dang, diing cam, hang hai, can cii; phat trien kinh te, van hda, bao dam dan chii, phap quyIn; bao dam hdi hda Ipi ich, ai cung cd viec lam, cam an, ao mac, dupe hpc hanh, cham sdc y tl; su ung hd giiip dd eua cdc nude XHCN anh em vd cdc nude bdu ban khdp nam chau... Theo Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, de eac ddng luc dupe phdt huy, trd thdnh siie manh tdng hop dua each mang den thdng Igi thi ea bdn la phai bdo dam mdi quan he gdn bd mau thit giua Dang va Nhdn dan. Dang ttong sach, viing manh, cdn kiem liem chinh, chi cdng vd tu; dua vao dan, todn tdm todn y phuc vu nhan ddn, phung suTd qudc. Nlu lam duge nhuvdy thi dii cdng vile to Idn, khd khan, phiic tap den mdy cung nhdt dinh thdng Igi'^^'.
VI biln phap xdy dung CNXH, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da nlu nhiing giai phdp vira cd y nghia cap bdeh, trudc mdt, vira cd tam chien lupc Idu ddi cua each mang Viet Nam. Dd la;
Thu nhit, chinh ddn Dang, xdy dung Dang ttong sach, viing manh ve chinh tti, tu tudng, td chiic va dao due, "eac ddng chi tir trung uong din eac chi bd can phdi giii gin su doan kit nhat tri ciia Dang nhu gin giii eon nguoi eua mdt minh"'^^'. Trong Dang phai thuc hanh vd phdt huy ddn chu rdng rai; thuc hien nghiem chinh tu phi binh va phi bmh; mdi can bd, dang viln thuc su tham nhuan dao diic each mang'^^'; moi
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-So 10/2019
ehi bd diu thuc su ra siic ldm trdn nhiem vu dang giao phd cho minh, todn tdm todn y phuc vu nhdn dan'^"'. Chii tich Hd Chi Minh xem day la biln phdp cd y nghia sdng cdn ddi vdi tiln dd ciia dan tdc vd toan bd cdng cudc xay dung CNXH dVilt Nam.
Thu hai, cd klhoach that tdt dl mau chdng han gdn vlt thuong chien ttanh, phdt trien kinh te, van hda, khdng ngimg ndng cao ddd song eiia nhdn ddn. Kl hoach phai rd rang, chu dao, ty my dl ttdnh khdi bi ddng, thieu sdt va sai lam. Vi du:
ve chinh ddn Dang, cdng viec ddi vdi eon ngudi, ve phu ntr, vl thanh niln, lilt si, gia dinh thuong binh, lilt si, ddng bdo ndng dan mien xudi va miln ngupc; ve nan nhan ciia chi dp cii, xay dimg lang mac, thanh phd, khdi phuc, md rdng cdc nganh kinh tl, phdt triln vl sinh, y te, bao ve mdi trudng tu nhiln; chuan bi cdng vile thdng nhdt ddt nude, sua ddi ehl dd gido due, cung cd qudc phdng...
Thu ba, kit hgp siic manh dan tdc vdi siie m^inh thdi dai; lam ttdn trach nhilm ddi vdi dan tdc vd nghia vu qudc te; kit hgp chu nghia ylu nude chdn chinh gdn Hen vdi chii nghia qudc tl ttong sang tren nIn tang chu nghia Mac-Llnin, cd ly cd tinh. Ludn ghi nhd, biet on cdc nude anh em trong phe XHCN, cdc nude bau ban khdp nam chau da tan tinh iing hd, giiip dd Viet Nam;
dong thdi. Dang ta, nhan dan ta, dan tdc ta can ra siic ddng gdp xiing ddng vao su nghiep each mang the gidl'^".
Thif tu, phat huy dan chu, dua vao ddn, dem tai dan, siie dan dl lam Igi cho dan, muu hanh phiic cho dan. Mpi vile phai diing quy luat nhung phai chii y nhdn hda, ddng thudn; nhan dan ddng long thi vile gi cung xong, khd mdy eiing lam dupe. Dan la gdc, ddn la chu; dan la muc tilu, chu the va la dgng luc cua CNXH. Xdy dung CNXH Id su nghilp to Idn, khd khan, phiic
tap; de gianh thdng loi phdi "dua vao luc lupng vi dai eiia toan dan"'^^', ttong dd, phai ddc biet chii y xay dung, phat trien dpi ngii doan vien, ttianh niln vd cdn bd, cdng nhdn vira "hdng" vira
"chuyen", vira gidi ehuyin mdn viia viing vang vl lap trudng each mang,
Kilm dilm qud ttinh thuc hiln Di chuc ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh qua 50 nam, ehiing ta thdy rdng, su nghilp xdy dung va bao ve Td qudc dd cd nhiing budc tiln dai. Tuy nhiln su nghiep dd vdn cdn nhieu khd khan, thach thiic. Ciing cd vile chiing ta da lam diing, lam tdt nhung ciing ed vile lam chua diing, chua tdt nhu nhiing dieu Ngudi cdn dan. Kinh tl phdt triln chua that nhanh va ben vung. Su phat triln dd "chua tuong xiing vdi tiim ndng, ylu cdu va thue te ngudn luc dupe huy ddng... Phat trien thilu bin viing ca ve kinh tl, vdn hda, xa hgi va mdi trudng"'^' tiim an nguy ea nay sinh nhiiu diem ndng gay mat dn dinh xa hdi. Mpt bd phan khdng nhd can bd, dang viln, ke ca cdn bp lanh dao, quan ly cap chien lupc sa vao ehu nghia ca nhan, quan lilu, tham d, tham nhiing, ndi khdng di ddi vdi ldm, huhdng, suy thoai vl chinh tri tu tudng, dao diic, ldi sdng, tham chi cd ngudi sa vao "tu dien bien",
"tu ehuyin hda", phan bdi lai su nghilp eua Dang va dan tdc. Giao due, y tl edn nhiiu bat cap; dao diic, van hda, xd hdi xudng cap; nilm tin ciia nhan ddn va ciia can bd dang viln vdi Dang va che dp cd mat giam sut. Tinh hmh tdi pham, te nan xa hdi, tai nan giao thdng, tai n£in Iao ddng diln biln phiic tap. Mdt bd phan nhan dan chua dupe tiiu hudng day du. cdng bdng thanh qud eiia cdng cudc ddi mdi, tiiam ehi ed bd phdn chiu nhung tiiiet thdi, tdn tiidt, cung qudn trong nhiiu ndm do nhimg hanh vi quan lilu, Ipi ich nhdm; do nhimg quyit dinh tdc trach, vd cam cua nhimg cdn bd hu hdng, tha hda. Dd la nguy ea de dpa vai trd lanh dao cua
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Dang va ed t h i phd hiiy nhimg thdnh qua vi dai eiia cdng cudc xay dung CNXH d nude ta.
D l tiep tue thiic day su nghilp ddi mdi ddt nude, hon liic nao hit, can ghi nhd mdt ttong nhUng bdi hpc kinh nghiem Idn dugc Dang ta diic nit qua gdn 90 ndm lanh dao each mang Viet Nam la: "ndm viing ngpn cd ddc lap dan tdc va ehu nghia xa hdi - ngpn cd vinh quang ma Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da ttao lai eho the he hdm nay vd cac t h i he mai sau..."*^'". Dd ciing ehinh la kinh nghiem qua 50 nam toan Dang, toan dan, toan qudn ta thuc hien Di ch lie va thuc hiln ldi thi danh du vdi Bdc.
Thue tiln cho thdy, n l u cdc dia phuang, ca quan, don vi thuc hien nghiem bic, sdng tao Di chiic, thdm nhuan tu tudng, dao diie, phong each Hd Chi Minh, bilt dua vdo ddn, vile ed Ipi cho ddn thi het siic lam, viec ed hai cho dan thi het siic ttanh... thi s i cd su dn dinh, ddng thudn, ddi mdi vd phdt triln. Ngupe lai, n l u thuc hiln khdng tdt thi tinh hinh s i khd khan, phiic tap, tham chi edn gay ra nhiing h i luy khdn ludng cho Dang va che dp.
Nhiing nam gan day, dudi su lanh dao cua Dang, tinh than Hd Chi Minh, tinh thdn Di chuc Hd Chi Minh da vd dang dupe thuc hien ngay cang tdt hon. Nhd vay, da khoi ddy, phdt huy cd hilu qua ngudn luc eiia dat nude. Cdc tieu cue xa hdi budc dau dupe ngan chdn; dat nude dn dinh vd phdt trien theo hudng lanh manh. Niem tin eua nhdn dan vd can bd dang viln vdi Dang vd ehe dp XHCN dupe cung cd, tang cudng. Nhu vdy, cang lam theo Hd Chi Minh thi each mang cang tiin len phia trudc; cang thue hiln tdt Di chuc cua Bac thi CNXH d Viet Nam cang vQng chicva. tran day sue sdng. Vdi tam vdc nhu mdt Cuong linh ve ddi mdi vd xay dung CNXH d Viet Nam, Di chuc ciia Bac ludn cd y nghia thiing lieng, thdi thiic, dan ddt su nghiep eiia Dang vd
dan tdc ta trong hanh trinh xdy dung CNXH d Viet Nam vi muc tieu dan gidu, nude manh, dan ehu, cdng bdng, van minh •
(1), (3). (11) Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, t.4. Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2011, tt.I87,272,175.
(2), (13), (24), (25)H6ChiMinh: Toan lap, tl2,Nji) Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNpi, 2011, tr.563,415,568,444,411.
(4) Dieu van ciia Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Lao dpng Viet Nam do ddng chi Ll Duan, Bi thu Thii nhdi dgc tai Ll ttuy dieu Chu tich H6 Chi Minh ngay 9-9-1969.
(5) Xem Hoang Chi Bao: "Su kit tinh tu tuong, dao due va phong each Ho Chi Minh ttong Di chuc ciia Ngudi", http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn.
(6), (8). (9). (10), (12), (26), (27), (29). (31) Xem: Hd Chi Minh: loan tap, t.l5, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2011, tr.614, 617, 612, 617, 616-617, 617, 616, 611-612,613-614.
(16), (17). (18), (23), (28), (30), (32) Hd Chi Mmh:
Toan tap, t.l5, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNpi, 2011, tt.612, 618,613,611-612, 611,611-612,616,617.
(7) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tip, t.6, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,HaNpi,2011,tt.232.
(14) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap, t.13, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2011, tt.387.
(15), (22) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tip. t.5, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNdi, 2011, tt.ll3,289.
(19) Xem Hd Chi Minh: Torn tap, t.l2, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2011, tt.568.
(20) Hd Chi Minh: loan tap, t.ll, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNdi, 2011. tt.609.
(21) H6 Chi Minh, Toan tip, t.2, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia,HaNdi,2011,tt.289.
(33) DCSVN: Van kien Dai boi dai bieu toan qudc lin thuXil, Nxb Chinh tn qudc gia. Ha Ngi, 2016, tt.67.
[34] DCSVN: Van laen Dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc lan thdXi, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2011, tt.65.
LYLUAN CHiNH TR!-SolO/2019
