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NBHlSN cdu THVC TI£H GtAO DVC ^VAN DUNG MO HINH HOC TAP TRAI NGHIEM TRONG DAY HOC MON PHirONG PHAP DAY HOC Tif NHIEN XA HOI dl TRUdNG CAO DANG SlT PHAM DA RIA - VUNG TAU
UTHj TRUNG Tr«lH CM I I M svpftM Bi Ria - vam Tta
Emik MmsvewDLcam
Tdm tit. Gido dgc Vlft Nam dang trong giai dogn doi '^dr chuang trinh vd sdch gido khoa theo hudng phdt triin ndng Itfc nguin tigc Vlfc phdt triin ndng Itfe dgy figc cho sinh viin suphgm Id mdt tiong nhurig nhiim vu trgng tim eua cie truimg suptigm gdp ptidn vdo vife doi mdi cdn bdn todn diin gido due - ddo tao. Md hinh hgc tdp tidi nghifm giup ngUdl bgc hinh thdnh durfc ede kindng Idm vifc sau ndy nhu. Kindng Idm vifc nhdm; IGndng nghiin ctfU tdi tifu. ijdo cdo ftuyit trinh, diia si y kUn. hinh thdnh vd rin luyfn ndng Itfc nghi nghiip. Qua dd. cdc truimg suphgm dp dgng md hlnh ndy trong gidng dgy de ndng cao hifu qud ddo tgo trcmg nhd trudng nhim ddo tgo nhimg nguiri gido viin nang ddng.
ddp dng yiu du xahdi.
Tdkhia: Hge tdp tidi nghifm; phucmg phdp dgy hgc ttf nhiin xd hdi; ddo tgo gido viin.
(Nhin bdi ngdy 22/09/2016; Nhdn kit qud phin bifn vd ehinh stfa ngdy 19A}1/2017; Duyft ddng ngdy 25/02/2017).
l . O i t v i n d l
Ngh[ quylt 29/NQTW cfla Ban Chip hinh Trung uong Oing ngiy 04/11 /2013 v l Odi m^ cdn bin, todn difn gido duc vd ddo tgo da ktting dinh: Ptiii ehuyin ddi d n bin toin bd n i n giio dye tfl chu y l u nttim trar>g bj kifn thfle sartg p h i t triln pt>im ct^lt v i rtlng Ifle ngudi hpc, bilt v i n dyng tii thfle v i o giii quyft cic v i n d l thyc tiln; chuyin n i n giio dyc ning vi chfl nghia, flng thi sang nfn giio due thuc hpc, thyc nghifp. Vi viy, vile ptiit triln ning lyc day hpe (DH) cho sinh vidn (SV) sU ptigm l i mft tiong nhflng nhifm vy trprtg t i m cfla d c trudng su phgm gdp phin v i o vifc ddi m ^ c i n tjin t o i n difn giio dyc - d i o tgo. Qua thye t l giing day, ngudi hpe khd n i m vilng d e tri thfle cung nhu cic ki ning (KN) nghifp vu sU phgm n f u ktidng dupe thye hlnh ngay trong q u i trinh hpe t i p (KT), dtipe v f n dyng ngay nhflng kiln thfle vfla hpc vio thuc t i l n . Chinh vi viy, d c trudng su phgm phii di tifn phong tror>g vifc ddi mdi v i sfl dyr>g d c phuong phip DH (PPDH) tich cUe ning cao hifu q u i d i o tgo v i chit lupng ngudn nt\in lye ntiim thfch flng v i gdp ptiin phit tiiln xa hdi-
HT qua trii nghifm (experiential learning) l i m f t eleh t>pc tt>dng qua lam. vot quan nifm vife hoc l i qua trinh tgo ra tri thfle mdi trfn co sd trii nghifm thyc t l v i nhflng d i n h g i i , ptiln ti'eh trdn nhflng kinh righif m, kidn thfle sin c6.
2. Md hlnh hpc t i p t r i i nghifm
Hf t r i i nghidm l i md hinh HT do David A. Kolb d l xuit dya tidn eic cdng trinh nghifn cflu oia John Dewey v i Kurt Levin. Theo Kolb, trong q u i trinh HT kiln thfle dupe tgo ndn nhd vife biln ddi d e kinh nghifm thu
dupc Kolb trinh tiiy tidn ptia cua HT t r i i nghifm (xem tfinh 1), gdm cd:
Kinh nghifm rdi rgc {Concrete Experience - CE):
NguiA tipc t r l i nghifm tich cflc t)lng cich thyc hifn d c hogt ddng nhu. Thi nghifm, l i m vifc thyc sy. Bdi viy, pha n i y dupe gpi II ptia ' L i m vide" (DO).
Suy t u vi nhflr>g d i l u d i t r l i qua iRefieetlon Observation - RO): Pha n i y dupe gpi I i pha 'Quan s i t ' (Observe).
Hinh ttiinh ktiii nifm (Absfroct Conceptualization - AQ: NqUiA hpc khii q u i t tida nhflng difu d l t r i i nghifm v i suy t u thinh eie II thuylt v i md hlnh. Pha n i y l i pha Tuduy'(Think).
Thfl nghifm tieh eye {Active Experimentation - AE):
hJgUdi hpc cd ging l i p k l hoach d l thfl nghifm Ii thuylt hoic md hinh mdi dupe hlnh thinh trong nhfltig d i l u kiln ktiic ntiau v i chuin bi cbo nhflng t r i i nghifm tilp theo. Ptia n i y gpi l i pha "Lip k l hoaeh' (Plan).
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Hinh 1: Chu trinh HT Kolb Sy khic bift gifla HT ttieo cic md hinh truyin thdng v<W tfT t r l i nghifm ed ttie dupc tdm t i t trong Bing 1,
ti
J^ NGHIEN CUU THUC TI^N GUtO UUC
Bdng 1: Stf khdc nhau gitfa tiT truyin thing vd HTtrdi nahifm HT truyfn ttidng
Chu trpng li thuylt - Lly vide day llm trung t i m Chucmg trinh v i ndi dung thiet k l cd dinh, khd thay ddi Chu trpng dap flng nhu d u Isen ngoii (Mye tidu dgy) Hpc thdng qua truyen thu/gili thfch kien thflc/luydn KN Td ehfle DH theo trinh ty chit che, trong nhflng dilu kifn cddinh
Myc dich xic dinh sin v i hudng din sd ddng Phucmg phap HT: DH trdn Idp vdi trinh diln, nghe gling, nghidn cflu vi du, quan s i t lip ke hoach v i kiem chflng gii thuyet, nghidn cflu If thuyf t„„
HT trii nghifm
Chfl trpng cdng vifc thpe te - d y ngUtf hpc l i m trung ti Chuang trinh v l nfi dung linh hoat
Chu trong d i n sy phit triln bdn trong cua ngUdi hpe (My hpe)
Phit triln kiln thfle, KN, d m xflc thdng qua trii nghifm th Td chflc DH linh hoat trong nhifu difu kifn khic nhau Muc dfch linh hogt v i hudng dfn d nhin Phuong phip HT;Trd ehoi v i luyfn t|p, kjch bin v i ddn hpe tai nOl lim vide hofc hpe trong cdng v i f c dgy lln r d i ngoai,...
Khie bift gifla md hlnh HT t r i i nghifm v ^ cac md hlnh HT khie khdng phii l i d chd hpe "If thuylt trudc"
hay hpc "thyc hinh trudc'. Chung ta bilt ring, chf rifng kifn thfle hay KN thi khdng du hlnh thinh ning lyc v i ehua cd diy du g i i tri sdng. Td hpp kiln thfle - kinh nghifm mdi llm ndn g i i tri sdng thfle sycho ngudi hpc.
Khi thyc hien xong mdt chu trinh HT, ngudi hpe d l u tdi thilu d i dgt dfn mflc'lp dung'theo thang Bloom, mfle niy d i m b i o eho ngudi hpc thyc hien dupe "edng v i f c ' m l hp eln d i m nhin trong hogt ddng n g h i nghifp.
3. ThUc trang day v i hpc mdn Phuong phip day hpc Ty nhifn X i hdl d Trudng Cao ding SU pham Bi Rja-Vung Tiu
Mdn PPDH ndi ehung v i mdn PPDHTy nhifn Xa hdi d U l u hpc ndi rifng ed nhifm vy trang bi cho SV nhflng kien thfle If luin, phuong phip eung nhflng KN cin b i n d l ed t h i t i l n hlnh DH mdn Ty nhiln X i hpi d Tilu hpc Trong q u i trinh gilng day, giing vidn eho SV tim hilu lln lupt cic ndi dung mdt d e h ridng If, chua t h i l t k l bli dgy theo hudng tich h i ^ n f i dung. Nhu viy, nhflng gid dgy phuong phip ehu y l u biln thinh nhflng gid dgy If thuylt hin llm, ehua ed quy trinh rdn nghf b l i bin. SV cd qui (t CO h f i trii nghifm thye t l v i o eie tinh hudng giio due.
Nhflng tiet dgy cd thye hlnh ve quan sit ddi lupng hpc sinh (HS) Igi chu y l u eho SV ty nghten eflu hole xem qua bing hlnh, khdng dupc tim hilu trflc tilp vdi ddi tuang HS. Trong qua trinh thuc hinh t i p giing vdi ddi tupng g i i dinh I i d e ban cflng Idp vdi k h i ning nhln thfle tuong ddng vdi ngudi day, nhijmg ciu hdi hay nhflng tinh hudng dUa ra d l u gtii quyft mdt cich thuin loi nfn ehua thuc sy mang lai hieu q u i .
Vifc dinh g i l (OG) mdn hpe dang cdn ning vf IE thuyft, chl cd giing vidn l i ngudi OG edn SV chua dupe tham gia v i o qui trinh DG mdn hpc Cie bidn phip rfn luyfn ning lyc DH cho SV cdn hgn ehf, q u i trinh td chflc chua cd h f thdng v i ndi dung chua thuc sy tilp eln ning lye thyc hifn eho SV. Do do, vife hlnh thinh ning
Iuc n g h i nghiip trong q u i trinh d i o tgo SV ngint d i n g Tilu hpc chua dgt dugc k i t q u i nhfl mong dq Tfl nhung kft q u i nghifn cflu t i m If hpc v i dyc hpe eho thiy: Kiln thfle KN, t h i i d f efla ngUd dupc hlnh t h i n h v i p h i t t r i l n qua hogt d f n g v i I hoat ddng. VI viy, d l hlnh thinh ning lye DH eho SV trong sd nhiimg bifn p h i p hflu Ich I i d n t i n g ei cho SV tham gia v i o ele hoat ddng t r l i nghifm d c hudng supham cung nhu t r i i nghifm dtrudng t l l u 4. Vin dyng md hlnh hpc t i p t r i i nghifm ti day hpc mdn PhUcmg phip day hpc T^ nhifn X i I Trong hpe p h i n PPDHTy nhifn XI hdl SVdUpc thu kiln thfle cung nhfl luyfn t f p nhflng KN DH cy KN v i l t mye t i l u thyc hifn cho b i i dgy, KN Ifp k l hi thye hifn b i i dgy, KN td chflc v i q u i n If hogt ddng n trong DH, KN sfl dyng d c PPDH, KN sfl dyng phi t i f n DH, KN v l kilm tra v i DG kft q u i HT... Trong trinh HT, SV hlnh t h i n h dupe d e KN t r i n thdng qua ddng nhdm l i chfl y l u . Nhflng KN DH niy dupe dya k i t q u i eCia vife p h i n tfch n g h i DH tfl vife xle djnt cdng vife cfla ngfldi thiy. Nghf DH bao gdm d c c vifc chfl y l u l i chuin bj b i i gilng, phit triln cic phi tifn DH, thuc hifn t)ii giing trfn Idp, kilm tra DG. ng cflu khoa hpc i p dung v i o thyc t l DH.
Vin dyng md hlnh niy v i o trong mdl gid hpe i:
t i l n hinh nhusau:
BUde T: oua SV v i o vai trd l i ngudi giio viln (G viln) d l thyc hifn cie edng vifc cua m f t Gilng giing dgy d trudng t i l u hpc trUde khi Ifn Idp: Phin d u trflc n f i dung chuong trinh, d u trflc sich giio k cie phflong phip, phucmg tifn DH, d c hlnh thfl chflc DH, kilm tra OG mdn hpc d trudng t i l u hpc
1/ Phdn tieh du trie ndi dung bdi hgc Giing vifn dua ra d e nhifm vy, yfu d u SV i hif n:Tlm hilu ndi dung chuang trinh sieh g i i o khoa hpc; Xie djnh d e kiln thfle eo b i n , trpng t i m v i nh kiln thfle ed lifn quan d i n b i i dgy; Liln h f vdi thy Tim hilu d c h trinh b i y cfla sich gllo khoa; Hudng
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nmtH cOu THUC TI^N GUO DUG ^
HS d c h tim h i l u sich giio khoa.
SV l i m vifc theo nhdm, sau do d c nhdm trao ddi vdi nhau, rut ra t>ii hpc
2/ Tim hieu ddi tflpng HS tieu hge de xdc dinh khd ning ddp tfng cdc nhiim vu nhdn thtfc
Die diem n h i n thfle cfla HS? Xle dinh nhflng kiln thfle KN m l HS d i cd v i d n cd? Dfl kiln nhflng khd khin, tinh hudng cd the niy sinh v l d c phuong i n g i l i quylt? Lya chpn phuong phip, hinh thdc phucmg tifn DH,™
- SV l i m vifc theo nhdm, sau dd cho trao ddi gifla d c nhdm.
- Xem bing tilt day minh hpa vide sfl dyng d c PPDH trong tflng ndi dung cy t h i d l ddi chilu vdi vide mlnh da thye hifn.
- Trao ddi t h i o luin rut ra b l i hpc
3/ Ldp ki hogeh DH, ehudn bi bdi sogn cho ttfng tiit dgy
SV thilt k l kf hoaeh DH: Thilt k l eie hoat ddng tiong mdt b i i hpc cy the dudi sy hudng d i n giflp dd cfla giing vidn.
Xem bing t i l t dgy minh hpa d c h tifn tiinh m f t gid ldn Idp, ddi chilu vdi vile minh da thyc hifn.
Trao ddi rflt ra t>ii hpc
flH'dic2:Tflnhflng kiin thfle v i K N S V d I c d d b u d c l , gilng vifn yfu d u mdi SV soan mdt giio An ehi tilt, tap giing vdl ddi tupng t i cic ban SV.
SV luc niy dupc trii nghifm ddng vai I i HS t l l u hpc
^am gia v i o q u i trinh HT gidng nhu HS t i l u hpc Sau khi kit thfle t i l t hpc hofc mdt ndi dung efla mdt b i i hpe (tuy vio ndi dung, thdi gian d l gilng vifn yfu elu SV thyc hifn), SV Igi dupe trii nghifm thinh Giing v i l n dy gid, trao ddi gdp •y gid day cua ban.
BUde 3: SV dupe xudng thyc t l d trudng t i l u hpc vdl nhifm vu:
Thye hidn vide giao tilp gifla Gilng v i l n v i HS, tim hilu dfc d i l m nhln thfle die d i l m t i m sinh li efla HS d d c Ifla tudi t i l u hpc
Dy gid t i l t dgy tryc tiep cfla Giing vifn t i l u h p c d l quan sit trinh t u d c budc Ifn Idp, d e h triln khai b i i dgy theo hudng tich eye hOa hoat ddng HS.
SV dupc dgy trye t i f p vdi ddi tupng l i HS t i l u hpc BUdc 4: Tdng k i t rflt ra I3I1 hpe v l Igi tilp tyc tien hlnh trii nghifm cie hogt d f n g tiep theo de phit triln kiln thfle KN, d m xue thdng qua t r l i nghiem thfle t l .
ViDG min hge: Cho SV tham gia v i o q u i trinh DG Thfl nhit: Gilng vifn d l SV DG gid dgy cfla d c bgn dya trfn d c tidu chl, tifu chuin do Giing vifn v l SV eung thdng nhit xiy dyng.
Thfl hai: Giing vidn DG SV dua trfn hai t i f u chi: Gid dgy thuc hlnh v i vife soan giio i n .
Dilm mdn hpc l i d i l m trung blnh giua ket q u i €)G eua SV v i Giing viln. Cich l i m nhu vfy da tgo dupc tinh khich quan trong £>G eung nhu tieh eye hda ngudi hpc
Uu d i l m khi sfldyng phucmg ptiip:
- Vin dyng Md hinh HT t r i i nghiem trong DH giuF g i n If thuylt viA thue tifn, vifc dupe t r i i nghifm vdi thU(
t i l n se giflp ngudi hpe ed difu kifn khic siu cflng cd,vir dyng linh hoat d c kien thfle dupe hpe eung nhU rf r luyen d c KN n g h i nghifp.
-Van dung Md hlnh HT t r i i nghif m gdp p h i n nine cao tinh tfch eye ehu ddng, sing tgo v i hflng thu H\ cu;
SV. SV phai ehu ddng tim kilm v i phan tfeh d c thdng tir di di tim d e g i l i p h i p cd the xiy ra trong q u i trinh DH De g i i i quylt nhifm vu HT, SV thudng phii l i m vide thee nhdm. Chinh vi vgy, KN i i m vifc nhdm, KN phin tfch, g i i quyet van d l , KN trinh t>iy, b i o v f v i tranh luan, phlr bifn y kiln trUde tap the dupe n i n g cao.
Sau mdt thdi gian v i n dyng Md hlnh HTtrii nghifn trong gilng dgy, de tim hifu hifu q u i cfla vile sfl dyne md hlnh niy trong DH, tifn h i n h d i l u tra trfn SV vi Giing vifn d trfldng t i l u hpc tham gia hudng d i n S\
thyc t i p . Kit q u i thu duoc nhu sau: Kft q u i dieu tra trf r sd Iupng dupe hdi 80 SV d hai Idp n i m 2 cao d i n g t i l t hpc cho ring cd hflng thu khi duac HT theo md hlnh niy Nhflng If do m i SV thfch md hlnh HT niy I i do nhung Ip ich cfla chung mang Igi. Cu t h i :
Bdng 2: Kit qud difu tio 80 SV dUgc hgc theo md hlnh HTtrdi nghifm
STT
1 2 3 4
Nhihig If do SV thich dUtfc hpc theo md hlnh Giup mdn hpc gin gui hon vdi thyc tifn, gin If t h u ^ vdi thyc hanh.
Giiip budc dlu hlnh thinh nSng lyc nghi nghidp.
Ty tin tilnh t)iy mpt van df khi dflng trudc dim ddng (KN su phgm).
Giup khic siu v l d n g cd thdm cie kifn thfle li thuylt da hpc trdn Idp.
K f t q u i Sd lupng
62 59 73 67
%
77,5 73,75 91,25 83,75 Kit q u i t h i m dd Giing vidn trUdng tilu hpe khi S\
xudng dy gid thUe t i p d l u thdng nhat vdi y kiln eh<
ring: SVrdt ttf tin. ndng ddng trong cdc hogt dgng t6ehtf<
DH. ndm bdt nhanh vdi de tinh hudng thtfc te, cd KN giat tiep tot VdiHS.
5. Kft l u i n
Vife van dyng md hinh HT trii nghifm trong Dt^
khdng chl dem lai hifu q u i v f m i t nhln thfle, phit trilr tuduy cho ngudi hpc m i cdn giflp ngudi hpc tutin, nin<
ddng trong cic hoat ddng td chflc DH, n i m b i t nhant vdi eic tinh hudng thyc t l , ed KN giao t i f p tdl vdi HS Ddng thdi, md hlnh niy cdn giflp ngudi hoc hlnh thant duoe cie KN l i m vifc sau niy nhU: KN lim vifc nhdm, K^
nghien cflu l i i lidu, b i o d o thuyet trinh, ehia sf y kien hlnh ttiinh v i rdn luyfn ning lyc nghe nghifp.
«f .^ t IBI
^ NGHIEN CDU THUC TliN GUO DUC
TAILIEUTHAMKHAO
[1]. Trin B i Hoinh, (2006), Doi mdi phuang phdp dgy hge. chuang trinh vd sdeh gido khoa. NXB Dai hpc Su pham H i Ndi.
[2]. Ding Thinh Hung, (2002), Dpy hge hifn dgi - u ludn-Biin phdp ki thudt, NXB Dgi hpc Qudc gia H i Ndi.
[3]. Oang Thinh Hung, (2005), Tucmg tdc vd hogt ddng tiidy trd trin tdp hgc. NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia H I Ndi.
[41. Phan Trpng Ngp, (2002), f>gy hgc vd f phip dgy hge trong nhd tn/dng. NXB Giio due.
[5]. Tdng eye Day nghi, (2004), Tdi Uiu bdi phuang phdp dgy hge-Ddo tao md ring. Dtf An CO}
H i Npi.
[6]. Tdng cue Ogy nghi, (2010), Tdi lifu hud khda ddo tao gido viin dgy nghi theo ndng Itfc th - TTC, H i Ndi.
A P P L Y I N G M O D E L O F EXPERIENCE L E A R N I N G I N T O TEACHING SOCIAL-NATURAL TEACHING METHOD COURSE
AT BA RIA - VUNG TAU TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE
LeThi Ba Ria - Vung Tau Teacher Training C
Emaih letrungsp@gmc Abstract The Vietnamese education is on the way to renew textbook and curriculum towards developing le competence. Developing the teaching competence for pedagogical students is one of key tasks at colleges of edu contributing to the comprehensive and fundamental renewal ofeducation • training. Model of leaming experiem students to develop working skills such as team work, document research, report presentation, sharing Ideas, foi train professional capacity. Thereby, colleges ofeducation will apply this model Into teaching to improve the effeetl of training to train aaive teachers, to meet the social requirements.
Keywords: Experience leaming; teaching method; soeial nature; teacher's training.
1 1 6 • KHOA HQC G U O DMC
