TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SO 10 - TRUaNG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B Q N G
THBET K t VA CHIE TAO MAY G I E O H ^ T TREN LUONG Xy" DONG Trucmg Quang DUng', Phgm Thanh Phf T 6 M TAT
Mdy gieo hgt tren luong tu dpng Id mpt trong nhOng thiet bi nhdm de tdng ndng sudt vd chdt luang sdn phdm trong khdu gieo trong cay giong vd cdy rau hi$n nay. Viec nghien ciru thiet ki, che tgo de ndng cao ndng sudt may gieo hgt tif dpng tren luong co tinh cdp thiet vd thai sy^. Mpi trong nhirng thong so dnh huang quan trpng den ndng sudt mdy gieo hgt tu dpng tren luong la thai gian hut hgt, luc hut vd vgn tdc chuyen dpng cua xe... Bdi bdo ngy tdc gid giai thiiu ket qua thiet ki, che tgo mdy gieo hgt tren luong tu dpng: Thiit ki ca khi, thiit ki bp phgn dieu khiin vd cuoi ciing cho ra mpt sdn phdm
"Mdy gieo hgt tren luong tu dpng " hodn chinh.
Tir khda: Mdy gieo hgt, may ndng nghiip, robot gieo L D A T V A N D E
Trong nganh ndng nghifip trdng trgt dac bifit cay rau, vific gieo trdng thu hoach can mgt lugng ldn nhan cdng lao ddng, nhung hifin nay cac khu cdng nghifip khdng ngiing hinh thanh phat trien da thu hut mgt lugng ldn nhan cdng d cac vCing ndng thdn lam thifiu hyt ngudn lao dgng chinh d day. Vdi cac khd khan do, viec dau tu may mdc thay thfi lao ddng ehan tay la rat can thifit. Vdi cac may mdc nhap khau, gia thanh cao vugt ngoai kha nang kinh tfi cua ndng dan, nfin hg khdng cd kha nang dau tu hoac dau tu nhd le. Tren thi trudng trong va ngoai nudc cd ba loai may gieo hat phd bifin !a: may gieo kieu khi dfing hgc (kifiu ehan khdng); kifiu true cudn va may gieo kieu dia [6], [7]. May gieo kifiu true cudn vdi kfit cau dan gian nhung dp chinh xac gieo thap va nang suat thap. May gieo kieu dia nghieng cd uu difim hon so vdi loai may gieo kfi tren bdi kfit cau may dan gian, cd thfi dfi dang thay ddi dia gieo dfi gieo cac loai hat khac nhau vdi do chinh xac gieo cao. Tuy nhifin phai mit cdng thifit kfi va gia cdng dTa gieo rit tdn kem. Trong ba kifiu may trfin, may
gieo kifiu ehan khong cd tinh uu viet han hin vi cd thfi gieo vdi do chinh xac, nang suit cao va cd the ap dyng vdi nhifiu loai hat khac nhau khdng phai thiet kfi qua nhifiu dTa gieo. Tuy nhien kfit ciu ciia may gieo kifiu ehan khdng cua cac nudc phat trifin rat phiic tap, gia thanh cao va chi ^ dung thuan lgi vdi nhung viing chuyfin canh ldn [3]. Vi vay img dung nguyfin ly do dfi chfi tao loai may gieo ehan khong dan gian, theo nguyfin ly ca hgc dfi ap dung vao thuc tifin vdi gia thanh thap, kfit cau dan gian ap dyng cho tit ca cac hd gia dinh va lihung viing chuyfin canh Idn.
Tir nhirng ly do trfin ehung tdi
"Thiet ke vd che tgo may gieo hgt tren luong lu dpng" nham dap iing nhiing yfiu cau thuc tifin va tang nang suat lao ddng.
Kfit qua nghifin ciiu phye vy cho san xuat ndng nghifip, trudc hfit la may gieo cd nhd phye vu cho hd gia dinh cd y nghTa thuc tien cao, sau dd phat trifin may ca Idn phuc vu cho san xuat ldn.
• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 77
TAP CHl KHQA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRU'O'NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B Q N G
2. DOI TU'ONG VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClJtJ
2.1. D^i tucnig nghien c ^
- Nghifin ciiu ly thuyfit ve may gieo.
- Nghifin cim cac may gieo hat tu dgng kifiu ehan khdng da thiet kfi va chfi tao d trong va ngoai nudc.
2.2. Phinrag phdp nghifin ciru Thyc hifin theo phuang phap ket hgp giiia ly thuyfit va thyc nghi?m. Cy thfi:
- Nghifin cuu cac tai lieu Ufin quan nham tdng hgp chgn phucmg an va thifit kfi mdy gdm: phin co khi va phin difiu khien.
- Chfi tao may va thyc hi?n mfi hinh trdng rau dfi kifim ehung.
3. NQI DUNG NGHIEN CUU Cac tham sd thifit kfi diu vao:
- Gieo dugc cac loai hat rau theo yfiu cau.
- Van tdc di chuyfin may gieo hat:
5m/phiit.
- Kich thudc ludng;
15000x1000x50 mm.
3.1. Thief ke ca khi
Myc tifiu thifit kfi la may cd thfi dam bao dugc cac chuyfin ddng de gieo dugc hat xudng bfi mat ludng thdng qua bg difiu khifin va ddng co hiit hat.
Mdt trong nhiing tham s6 anh hudng quan trgng dfin nang suit may la thdi gian hut hat, lyc hiit va van tdc chuyfin dgng cua true hiit ciiaxe...
3.1.1. Dgng Ctf dan dgng
Ddi vdi may gieo hat tren ludng ty ddng, tham sd vin tdc rit quan trgng anh hudng dfin ndng suit cua mdy, van tdc gieo anh hudng tdi khoang each gieo ciia may, van tdc cang nhanh thi khoang each hang cang Idn va ngugc lai. Dfi chgn dOng ca di$n, can tfnh cdng suit can thifit. Ggi N- cdng suit tai, TI- hi$u suit truyfin d§ng,
. ' ' N Ncl - cdng suat can thifit. Ta co: N^^ = —
+ Cong suat tai:
^=I:1^ = 1^^2M^ = 1,3096.W-HW
1000 1000
= 1,3096W Trong dd:
P ^ 16,37 (N): Luc tac dyng cua may Ifin be mat ludng.
V = 5m/phiit ^ 0,08 (m/s): VSn tdc di chuyfin may gieo hat.
+ Hifiu suat truyfin dfing:
Tl ^ r|xich .rf^d ]Hn.T]khdp n5j m: sd cap d lan (m = I);
2 - 1 Tra "bang [4]" ta cd:
Hifiu suat ciia bg truyfin xich dfi hd:
Tixich-0,93
Hifiu suat cua cac cap d lan:
T16 lan =0,995
Hieu suat ciia ndi true: r|kh6pnoi= 1 Hifiu suat ciia toan bg he thfing la:
71 = 0,93.0,995'.I =0,09 Vay cdng suat cin thifit la:
1,3096 ,
> JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •
TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SO 10 - TRU'O'NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN PQNG
Dfi he thfing lam vific dugc thi cfing suit dgng ca phai thda man: Njc > Net ta chgn d$ng ca din true hiit va banh xe la dgng ca dign mgt chieu Oriental motor 31K15GN-C (hinh 1) cd uu va nhugc difim nhu sau:
Uu diim: Md men xoan ldn, dfi difiu khifin, ldm vific dn dinh d mgi cip dfi (trong phEim vi dieu khifin), gia thanh
Ta lgi cd: P = F/Act; Act = TLT>C?IA;
Trong dd: D, Dd la dudng kinh dng hiit (m).
- Q<jc: Lim lugng dOng ca hiit (m^).
- Qct: Luu lugng can thiet (m^).
- v: Van tdc hiit (m/s).
- Act: Difin tich can thifit tdc dung len hat (m^).
Nhuac diem: Dap iing c h ^ trong khi m^ch dieu khifin phiic tap; dai tfic dg difiu khifin hep.
Hinh 1. Dpng ca ddn dong Bdng 1. Bdng thong so ky thugt cua dong
ca ddn dpng (true hiit vd bdnh xe) Ki^u d$ng
OT 31K15GN-C
Cong suit 15W
S6 vong quay 40vg/ph
Hi|u suat 88,5%
3.1.2. DSng w hut hat De chpn liru lupng Q cho dgng ca hiit hat thiQdc>Qci;
Ta c6: Qct = v.A (m'); A = irD^M;
voi A = -.(l,5.10"^) =1,77.10^''(m^j Cong thiic lien he giiia ap suat va vant6c: P = ^-—^v=\—(mis) (*)
2 '^ p
A ^ = - . ( l , 5 . 1 0 - J =l,77.10-'(»,^j - A; Dien tich ong gin vao dau vao dong CO hiit (m'').
- p: Kh6i lupng ri6ng cua khdng khi, p = l , 2 k g / m ' .
- P: Ap su4t khi (N/m^).
- F: Luc tac dung len hat, F = ION.
3,2.10^ ^ ' Thay vao (*) ta dupe:
|2.3,125.10' _ „ , ,
\ 10.1,2 *•
The vao ta dupe:
Qa = V.A = 722.1,77.10"" = 0,13(m=) Vay luu lupng can thiSt cho 1 vong dpng ca la: Qn = 0,13 (m Vvong).
- Ta ehpn loai quat hiit FEG Electric Blower (MOD.EG -103) lam dpng ca hiit hat voi thong s6 ky thuat nhu sau:
- V = 220V (Hieu dien th6 vao) - f=50H2
- P = 600W - n = 0-13000 RPM - Q = 2,8ni'/v6ng
• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 79
TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SO 10 - TRU'ONG PAl HQC PHAM VAN B O N G
Hinh 2. Quat hut FEG Electric Blower (MOD.EG-103) Bac diim cua ddng ea hut:
Vu diem: Luu lugng ldn, ap lyc cao, tifiu tdn it nang lugng. Dfi tang cudng ludng khi radt each don gidn ta chi cin difiu chinh mit van trfin bfi difiu khien, gid thanh thap.
Nhuac diim: Gay ra tifing dn, tao ra do rung cho may nfin han chfi tdc do di chuyen ciia may.
3.1.3. Thilt ke bg truyfin cua mdy Dfi tgo chuyfin ddng cua mdy trfin bfi mat ludng; ngudi thifit kfi chgn bg truyfin xich (hinh 3) vdi uu va nhugc difim nhu sau:
Uu diem: Cd thfi truyfin ddng giiJa hai trye song song cdch nhau tuong doi xa. Khdng cd hifin tugng tnrgt, ti sd truyen trung binh dn dinh. Lyc tac dung Ifin trye va d nhd.
Nhuac diim: Cd tifing dn khi lam vific do va dap khi vao khdp nfin han chfi su dyng bd tmyfin d tdc do cao.
Vi tai trgng khdng ldm va v0n tdc nhd, nfin ta chgn xich dng con lan. Xich dng con lan cd dg bfin cao han xich dng vd de chfi tao hon xich rdng. Dfi tuih toan va chgn tham sd cua 2 dia xich ta d i ^ vdo cac thdng sd hinh hgc ciia bg truyfin xich trang 102 [7].
Sau khi tinh todn cdc thdng so hinh hpc cua bd truyen xich ong con ldn duprc chpn: (huih 3).
- Sd rang, dirdng kinh, sd vdng quay cua dia xich:
+ DTa din cd sd rang Zi = 12 rang, dudng kinh vong chia dia xich di ^ 25mm, ni = 40 vdng/phiit.
+ Dia bi ddn cd sd rang Z2 = 41 rSng, dudng kinh vdng chia dia xich di = 85mm, ni = 12 vdng/phiit.
- Budc xich t = 6.5mm, khodng cdch true A = 204mm, ty sd truyfin I = 3,42.
- Mac xich X = 90, chifiu dai xich L = X.t = 6,5.90 = 585mm.
Trong dd: T: do day mac xich (mm), n: sd vdng quay (vdng/phiit), a: khoang cdch trye (mm), F: luc cdng day xich (N).
Hmh 3. Bo truy en .xich (I.Ddy xich; l.Dia xich nho: 3.Dia xich ldn) 80 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •
TAPCHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE-SO 1 0 - T R U O N G OAI HOC PHAM V A N DONG
3.1.4. Khung ma>
\ ai cjc ihdng so ky ihuat han dau cua ludng la 15000xl0()0x50nim. Than nia> dirac ihiei kc clan gian: Che lao ur nhimg ilianh inox dc giam can nang nhimg rai chac ciian tao duoc do ben cao cho ^an pham. cac thanh mo.\ lien kcl \ai nhau bauL! cac iiidi han i hmh 4)
3.1.5. Bo phiin hiit \a nha hat Bo phan hui \a nha hat gom bo ]a_\
\a nlia hat. dupe thici kc gom nioi thanh rong duoc gan cac kim nho co kha nang la> hat iu klia} dimg hang luc hut cua dong ca hut. hut hat vao dau kim \a nha chmh \ac vat* ca^ ong bo hat nhd mdt bo phan ngat luc hut ihinh 5]
H:>;l,^ B.,i:\:.;h'hiokh!nv^nh
Bo plian hut hat
/ ==-
• JOURNAL C r S C m N G t - N C ' E C ^ N O L O O '
TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - S6 10 - TRUQfNG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B O N G
3.1.6. Banh xe gieo (Ruld mem) Difim thifit kfi k5* thu^t quan trgng cua mdy chinh nam d Ruld mfim nay, lam nfin tinh nSng vugt trdi, giup may gieo hat cd khd nang di chuyfin tfit vd vugt chudng ng^i v$t linh hoat.
Ruld mfim gfim ca ciu true, dia va ddy vdng.
Hinh 6. Ruld mim 0 giQa day vang cd cdc Id xo dan hdi va udn cong giiip day vang thay ddi dugc chieu dai tuy dgng. Vdi difim thifit kfi nhu vdy dudi trgng lugng cua mdy, ruld mfim ludn ap sat vdi m^t ludng, do do giup may di chuyfin tfii uu trfin ca cdc mat ludng cong vdng md khdng hi trugt vd khdng ldm hdng do vdng ciia ludng.
3.1.7. Mang di^g hat
Mdng dung hat phai thifit kfi cd do nghieng giup hat tap trung d diu mang tao thudn Igi dfi kim hiit h^t chuin hon.
FTinh 7. Bdn ve chi tgo mdng dyng hgt 3.2. Thiit ki difiu khifin
3.2.1. Chgn phinmg dn dilu khifin O ddy ta di tim hifiu ba phuang an difiu khifin:
- Difiu khien dimg vi xir 1^
- Difiu khifin dung PLC - Difiu khifin bang chifit dp Sau khi nghifin cuu uu va nhugc difim ciia cac loai phuong dn difiu khifin tren ta thiy dung vi xij Iy thi gid thdnh re, dfi difiu khifin nhung bj nhifiu khi lam vific trong mfii trudmg cd rung dgng manh, tinh dn dinh khdng cao, PLC thi dfi dieu khifin, tinh dn dinh cao nhung gid thanh cao, cdc van difiu khien nhifiu khd thay thfi khi gap su cd. Cdn difiu khifin bdng chifit ap thi gia thdnh re, tinh dn dinh tuang dfii cao, linh kifin thay thfi dfi tim khi cd sy cd. Difiu khifin dfi dang bing num xoay, difiu chinh tdc dd tron va ddi r^ng.
Do do ta thiy chgn phuang dn difiu khifin bang chiet dp phii hgp vdi mdu mdy thifit kfi.
» JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY «
TAP CHl KHQA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRU&NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN DQNG
3.2.2. Mach dilu khifin Hifin nay cd nhifiu module difiu khifin dgng ca nhu L298, L298N, L298V3... nhung do yfiu cdu vfi tinh linh hoat, vfi dfi chinh xdc trong qua trinh ldm vific ciia mdy vd may lam ra cd tinh iing dyng tdt nen ta chgn bg difiu khifin SPEED CONTROL UNIT (US 590-02).
Bg difiu khifin nay khdng nhiing difiu khifin tdc do dgng ca md nd cdn bifin ddi difin dp xoay chifiu thdnh mdt chifiu cung cap cho ddng ca. Vi the bg difiu khifin nay la bg difiu khifin trung tam cho may vdi diu vao !a ddng xoay chifiu.
Thdng sd ky thu^t:
Model NO: 4IK25RGN Tdc do: 50Hz: 90 ~ 1350rpm, 60Hz:
90 ~ 1650rpm
Chuc ndng: Difiu khifin Thuong hifiu: ZDMOTOR Difinthfi:110V,220V Gdc: Cixi, Zhejiang, Trung Qudc
Hinh 9. Mgch dieu khien
4. KET QUA KHAO NGHIEM VA BAN L U ^
4.1. Anh hudng cua v§n tdc
Van tdc gieo dnh hudng tdi khodng cdch gieo cua mdy, v ^ tdc cang nhanh thi khoang each hang cang ldn vd ngugc l?i.
Mudn difiu chinh tdc dd gieo ta difiu chinh tdc do motor thdng qua bg difiu khifin.
Theo thifit kfi ta chgn ddng ca vdi sd vdng quay Id 40 vdng/phiit. Mgt vdng quay cua motor tao ra hai chuyen dgng lac cho true hiit tuc Id trye hut hiit hat tli mang va nha vao thanh chua dng bd h^t diing mgt chu ky.
Vdi so vdng quay 40 vdng/phiit cua ddng ca se tsto ra 80 T/phut (T: chu ky lac ciia true hiit) va se tao ra dugc 40 hdng/phiit tuong iing vdi sd hat dugc gieo xudng bfi mat ludng la 6 x 40 = 240 hat/phiit.
Ti sd tmyfin ciia xich thifit kfi la ix = 3,42. Theo tinh todn thi ddng co cd sd vdng quay la 40 vdng/phiit sau khi qua bg truyfin xich truyfin cho bdnh xe gieo thi sd vdng quay cua banh xe gieo cdn 12 vdng/phiit.
Ta cd cdng thuc tinh nhu sau:
40
" 3,42 Hinh 8. Bp dieu khien
ai,696vg/ph
= 12vg / ph
• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 83
TAP CHl KHQA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRyQNG BAI HQC PHAM VAN BQNG
> Suy ra quang dudng ma bdnh xe Ifin 12 vong la:
S = n;rD-12.3,14.130
= 4898,4mm ia 5m
> Khoang cdch giiia 2 hang gieo:
A" = - = — = 0,125m = 12,5cm n 40
Trong do:
D: Dudng kinh bdnh xe (mm).
K: Khoang cdch giira 2 h^ng gieo (don vi phu thuoc vao dan vi ciia S).
n: sd hang gieo/phiit.
Thifit ke ban d i u ciia ludng 15000x1000x50 mm theo dd ta cd chieu ddi ludng Id 15000mm tuang img vdi 15m, ma 1 phiit may gieo dugc 40 hang tuong ling vdi 240 hat trong chifiu ddi 5m, mdi hang cdch nhau 12,5cm.
Vdi dien tich 15x1 = I5m^ mdy gieo dugc 120 hang tucmg iing vdi 720 hat trong vdng 3 phiit. Vdy nang suit mdy ldm vi$c trong 1 gid Id 14400 hat/gid.
4.2. Kit qua khao nghifm trfin mdy dd chltao
• Mdy chfi tao thuc te dfi khao nghiem: (hinh 10)
a) b) Hinh 10. Mdy thuc te de khdo nghiem
a) Mdy thuc ti; b) Mdy dang ldm viic ' San phim cdy rau (cai) khdo nghi?m trfin mdy gieo.
Hinh 11. Sdnphdm khdo nghiem a) Cdy rau con; b) Cdy rau trudng thdnh
84 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •
TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - SQ 10 - TRU'ONG PAl HOC PHAM VAN B Q N G
•J* Ket qud khao n ^ e m :
- Nang suit khao nghigm 14400 h^t/gid.
- Mdy ch?iy fim.
- Mdy khi mang tdi 100% van khfing hi rung lie.
Difiu chinh dugc khodng cdch gieo vd cdc lo?tt h^t theo yfiu cau.
5. KET LUAN
- Kfit qud nghien cuu ban dau da dua ra dugc mdy gieo hat ty dpng trfin ludng cd kfit cdu ggn nhe, dfi van hdnh, gid Ihanh thdp phii hgp vdi bd con ndng dan.
- May gieo hat ty dgng trfin luong cd nang suat 14400 hat/gid, gieo dugc cac loai hat theo thifit ke, dfi chfi tao, dfi lap dat, thdo lap vd lam vfi sinh thuan ti?n.
- May phii hgp cho md hinh kinh tfi trang trai, quy md sdn xuat ldn.
- Mdy gieo hat ty dOng chay bing dgng c a difin mgt chifiu 12V, dugc chinh Iuu tir ddng difin xoay chi^u 220V. Trong trudng hgp khdng cd difin ludi cung cap, may van cd thfi hoat dgng dugc nhd ngudn dien tii dc quy.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Ho Vifit Binh, Nguyfin Nggc Dao, Cong nghe chi tgo mdy, Trudng Dai hgc Su pham Ky thuat Thanh phfi Hd Chi Minh, 2000.
[2] GS.TS. Tran Vdn Dich, Sd tay cong nghi che tgo mdy. Tap 1.2,3, NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat, 2002.
[3] PGS.TS. Pham Dang Phudc, Cdng nghi chi tgo mdy, NXB Da Ndng, 2010.
[4] Nguyfin Trgng Hifip & Nguyfin Van Lam, Thiet ki chi tiit mdy, NXB Dai hgc Qufic gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, 1999.
[5] TS. Nguyfin Hiiu Ldc, Co sa thiet ki mdy, NXB Dai hgc Qudc gia Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, 2004.
[6] Custbuster, Total plant systems, http ://wvi'w.crustbuster. com/total-plant-systems, 2016.
[7] Terradonis, www.terradonis.com/pdf/catalog-seeders-en.pdf, 2017.
[8] Great Plains, Planter accuracy, http://www.greatplainsag.com/en/1503/pianter- accuracy, 2017.
[9] Hamilton Design, Drum seeder - Standard or MaxiPro, http://www.hamilton- design.co.uk/drum.html, 2017.
• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 85
TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CQNG NGHE - S Q 10 - TRUING BAI HQC PHAM VAN B Q N G
DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING AUTOMATIC GRAIN ROW SEEDERS Truong Quang Dun^, Pham Thanh Phi^
ABSTRACT
Automatic grain row seeders can help increase productivity and quality of sowing plant and vegetable seeds. It is therefore urgent to study, design and manufaetwe automatic grain row seeders. Parameters affecting the productivity of automatic grain row seeders include the grain sucking time, the sucking force and the speed of tfw machines. In this paper, we present the cksign and manufacturing concerns of automatic grain row seeders. These include mechanical design and design ofthe control unit for manufacture ofthe complete "automatic grain row seeder ".
Keywords: Grain seeder, agricultural machines, sowing robot
'Khoa KJ thuat Cdng nghfi, Trudng Dai hgc Pham Van Dfing;
Email: [email protected]
^Sinh vifin ldp DCKl 2, Khoa Ky thuat Cdng nghfi, Trudng Dai hgc Pham Van Ddng.
' JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •
