Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cdng nglie Thm san So 2/2016
THONG B A O K H O A HOC
NGHIEN C I L DAC D I E M D I N H DUOlNG C A T H I E U (.Anus thalassinus Ruppell, 1837)
STLDYOy MTRITW.XPAIUMETERS OF GAL\TSEA CATFISH (Alius thalassitnis Ruppell. 1837)
Tran Van Plttroc', Nguyen Dinh Ma<^
Nga> nhan bai l.'J2015 Nga> phjn bien Ihong qua 20/10/2015. Ngay dujel dang IJ/fi.^Olfi rOM IAI
Cd tlueu la loai co gia In kinh te Cd Ihieu duac nghien cihi ddc diem dinh dirdng tat Kien Giang lie thdng H'20in den thdng 7/2014 Man c a duoc tint hdng thdng lu ngu ddn vd cdc cha dia pinrcmg Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thdy. cd ihieii co mieng rang: rdng hdm nhon vd sac. rdng vdm mi^ng nho vd moc ihdnh 3-4 c\im: rdng lldu nho. nlidm vd mot thdnh 2 cum Thuc quan ngan. rang vd thdnh day Da ddy l&n. hiidt chu V. thdnh dav va CO nhieu nep gdp hen Irong Tteang quan gtua chieu ddi ruot vd than cd thieu la 1,76 Tlianh phdn ihitcdi\
du dang vd phong pint gam 23 lodi thudc 4 nhonv cd (14 lodi - 60.87%). dpng vat giap xdc (6 lodi - 26.09%).
dong vdt da gen (2 lodi - H. 70%). ddng vdt than mem (1 lodi - 4.35%). Tan suat cdc nhdm thirc an khdc nhau.
nhdm c d chiem 60.46%. nhdm ddng i dl thdn mem Id 5S.46%. nhdm dong vgl giap xdc Id 32.97% vd nhdm d^ng vdt da gai Id 24, IH% Cd thichi Id lodi dn ddng vdi vd dn tdng ddy.
Tir khda do no, idn mat thuc dn. lien hoa, thirc dn. tuang quan
\UM«\CT
(Jiiinl ,sc'a catfish i.s a c ommercial i aliiable speciei. The this study was cat ried out in Kien Giang province horn 'Uigmt 2010 to./uh, 2014 Specimens weie colletled Jrom fi.-ihei men and loced markets once a month.
The rc^idf. dio^< ed that the giant vra catfi.-.h iia? large mouth, molar Tooth pointed, vomerine toolhplate small - consisting 0/ three - Join separate patchc":. fauces toothplale .miall - consisting of two separate patches Oc'-ophagus was short and ^ude Stomach was laige and V-shape Relative length of the gut was I 76 The Cimipo\iiitm of food Items ui/s \en diveisijed including 23 species identified There were four groups, fishes 114^ ^pc< ics - compnsed about 60 H7%). crustacean (6 species - about 26 09%). leleosts (2 species - aboul .V 4)",.i and nwliusLS H species - abtna 4 35%,} Peicentage composition oj food group was different, fishes -loup comprised aboul 60 46%. mollusc group about 38 46%,, cnstacean gioup about 32 97% and teleosH group about 24 AS"',, Gaint sea catfish wai iniivore and primarily a hollom feeder.
Aci uo;v/s l-idlness stomach, percentage composition offood digestion, food, correlation
OAT VAN DE VinhTh^iLan[12j 6'Vf&tNam,cathi^uphanbd CaThilu;\™sfA.a/3ssmus (Ruppell, 1837) h^u h^t cac viing bi^n Vinh BSc BO, Trung la loai phan bo tuang doi rong d
Tren the gidi, ca thi§u phan bo d cac viing bten
cac vung bien 86, Ddng Nam Bp va l a y Nam BO- Trong d chiing tap trung nhieu nhat d viing bien T ^ Bien Do, Tay B^c An Do Duang, Philippines va Nam Bd [1]. Day la loai ca cd kich thudc Idn
len Nuoi trang ihjy san - Tnjong Dai hijc Nha Trang
62 . TRUCNG DAI HOC NHATRANG
(CO Ihe dat 15k9/ca thi) va cd gia m kinh ,4 ,<j„
nhat trong ho ca uc (Ariidae) (70.000 dIng/kg) Tren t h i g„ji „a viet Nam din nay. nhSng nghien ciiu v l dac a,lm sinh hoc ca thilu con rat han c h i , chu y l u la nghien CLru v l phan loai, phan t j l va so lu.c,c dac dilm smh tru'dng
»a miia vu smh san cua ca Ihllu. Mdt trong nhung dac dilm smh hgc quan trong c i n nghien ci>u la dac dilm dmh du-ong ca thilu.
Cac noi dung c i n nghien ciiu nhu hinh thai c l u tao CO quan tieu hoa, do no, thanh phln va tan suit xult hi?n thuc an. Day la l l n d i u Sen dat van d l nghien ciiu dac dilm dinh duong ca thilu. Muc lieu cua nghidn ciiu la xac dinh dii liSu dac dilm dmh du-iing ca thilu, gdp phln hoan thien co so da liju v l dac dilm sinh hoc va iim CO so. khoa hoc cho nghien ciiu sinh sSn nhdn tao ca thilu trong tuong lai VI vay nghien ciiu dac dilm dmh d m n g cOa ca thilu la v4n d l d p thiit va CO y nghia khoa hoc Ion II. VAT LI£U VA PHt^ffNG PHAP NGHIEN CCfU Nghien ciiu du-oc thuc hi?n lu thang 08/210 din thang 07/2014 tren d l i tugng ca Thilu lArlus thalassinus l^uppell, 1837) (L, > 448 mm) Miu ca thilu thu tai cang ca Tic Cau - huyen Chau ThSnh: cho Rach Sdi va Nong l_am Hai san - TP. Rach GiiS, tinh Kien Giang. IMau ca dugc phan tich tai Tru-ong Dai hpc Kien Giang
5ti 2.'20I6
va Phong thi nghiem Moi tarong thuoc Tru-ong Oai hoc Nha Trang Ting s6 m i u nghien ciiu v l dac dilm dmh difong ca thilu la 240 m i u . Cac npi dung nghien cuu nhu Ing tieu hoa (Quan sat, mp ta mieng, ham, rang, cung mang, luge mang, da day, ruot ca); Tu-gng quan giiia chilu dai toan than va njpt (Relative length pf the gut - RLG) (n = 190): RLG = L/L, [3]:
Xac dinh dp no da day (n = 240) gIm 5 llac tu bac 0 d i n bac 4 (9J, Chi so dp np (Fl):
Fl - (So da day co cung do np/Tong s6 da day m a u ) x 1 0 0 [ 7 ] ( n = 240), C h i s l d a d a y ' r S n g (CV). CV = (ES/TS) X 100 |8J (n = 240); Xac dinh thanh phln thiic an (n = 91); nghien cuu thiSnh phln thu'c an (hep phuong phap cua Pillay (1953) va Biswas (1993) [13], [4J; Nghien ciiu tan s i xult hien cac Ipai thiic an theo he so
% cua cac thanh phln thuc an co trong da day cat2J(n = 91);TA = S % l 2 5 %
^ Sd lieu thu thap dugc xu iy bing phln mem Micrpsoft Excel 2007
111. KET QUA NGHIEN CLFU VA THAO LUAN 1. Cau tao ong tieu hda cua ca t h i l u '. 1 Khoang mieng hau cua ca thiiu
Kel qua quan sat hinh thai cau tap Ing Seu hda cua ca Ihilu chp Ihly ca cd mieng duoi va rcng, aS hai ham deu cp rang nho nhpn va sic (hinh 1).
Hinh I. Hinh dang mifng cua ca thieu
" ' " ' ^ ^ . Hlnh dang rang cua cathicLj
" '-"nghnmireiih ,-im.,„„,,,„.,.„, - ^ ^ ^ ' " i ^ "
^ ' '"^"^ . nmgliuuuid linn i/,m„
TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG . 63
Tap chi Khoa lioc - Cong nghe Thuy san So 2/2016 Ca thieu cd rang ham tren nhieu, nhon
s^c va hudng vao trong, rang vbm mieng nhd, nham va moc thanh 3 - 4 cum Idn moi ben (day la mdt trong nhung d4u hieu phan loai cua loai), rang hau nho, nham va moc thanh 2 cum hai ben (hinh 2}
Ca thieu cd 4 cung mang hinh ludi liem, luvc mang manh, dai va Ihua. So lupc mang fr&i cmg mang thir nhat dao ddng tif 10 - 13. chu yeu B 13 (chi^m 57,08%, n = 233). Luoc mang la h? thdng que sun gin vao xuang cung mang, lugrc mang dlii dien vdi ta mang luoc mang co mau trang {hinh 3^
Hinh 3. Hinh dang cung mang (a), lir^c mang (b) vk tff mang (c) ca Ihieu 1 2 Thuv quan. da day va ruot cua ca thiSu
Ca thieu cd thyc quan rSt ngSn, rat rpng va thanh day (hinh 2, d).
Da day ca thieu tuang doi Idn hinh chu V, thanh da day day va ben trong da day co nhieu nep gap. Khoi luang da day ca thieu
khi khdng thuc an dao ddng tif 35 - 270g va cd kha nang chifa thii'c an den 1500g {hinh 4,5)
Ruot ca cd hinh ong va kha d^i (L_ = 590 - 2750 mm, trung binh la 1445,82 ± 317,12 mm) (hinh 6),
Bang 1. Kich thmyc ruot va da day c^ thieu
Chitieu/Sorr Oao d^ng Trung binh
1 Khoi lugng ruot {g)/n^190 2 ChiGu dai ruot {mm)/n=190
Khoi lup'ng da day cd thij'c an (g)/n=240 Khoi luang da day khdng thifc an (g)/n^240
1 0 - 2 5 0 590 - 2750 4 0 - 1 5 0 0
35 - 270
6 4 . 5 6 1 3 1 , 6 0 1445,82 ±317,12
165.76 ±88,59 104.77 ±42,44
Hinh 4. Hinh dang mpi so npi qu;
" (hi day, h ni6i, c hong hai, ,/ gan
M . TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
So 2/2016
, , T f k ^ ^ a nghiSn d i u v l d u tao Ing tsu M a c t e ca M i u v» so sanh vdi nghlSn o i u cua
^ >^ * i g ss, (1894) [6] CO t h i nhan dinh
* n g : a thUu Ihuec nhdm cS an thit diSng v j t vi
«S mISng ,«n8; i & l g h i m nhon v4 sic, iSng vdm ralSng hlnh W n h nhHu cum Ion, cd rang hiu- l u w mang Ihua; dadilylomvi 06 nhllu n i p g I p ' Tuy nh»n. anh an cfla ca thilu d n nghiSn cuu
* & n v l I t ^ p h l n va t i n suit xult hiSn thu^
i n a l ed k i t luiln chtnh xac v i khoa hpc hon.
2. T i w n g quan giOa c h i l u dai toan than va n i ^ t c a t h i l u
Chilu dai toanthanoathllu dao dOngti>448 -1119 mm, tmng binh la 778.02 ± 133,88 mm KM( lugmg ca thilu dao dOng tl> 890 - 1 5 495 g/con, tmng binh la 5.145,98 ± 2.640,80 g/con (n = 360). c a thilu la loai c6 Wch thu6c I6n nhat Irong hp ca dc (Arildaa).
Biiili & Bjni, dang ru^t c
Chilu dai mat ca thilu dao ddng tCp 590 - 2750 mm va Irang binh la 1445,82 ± 317,12 mm. TmjTig quan gBa chilu dai toan than va mpt ca thilu dugc xac dinh:
L/L,=0.98-2,46,tmngbinhla1.76±0,29(n=190).
K i t qua nghian aiu cho thiy. 1 < L/L, < 3 nhu' vSy ca thilu ia loai an tap. Tuy nhian d l xac dinh chinh xac ca thilu an d l i tu^ng gi thi c i n nghian ci>u IhSm v l thanh p h i n va tan suit xult hiSn thijc an cua chdng.
3. Thanh p h l n va t i n s u i t (%) xuat hi^n thLpc an cUa ca t h i l u
3.1. Thinh phin thUc in cOa ci thiiu K i t qua phan tloh thanh p h l n thi>c an trang 91 m i u da day ca thilu duvc trinh bay I, bang 2 v a m i n h h 9 a o ' h i n h 7 .
" * ' M « ' > « l H i < l i l i c t a c a . c 4 U u i .
miONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG • 65
Tap chi Klioa lioc - Cong nghe Tlniy san
Bang 2. Thanh phan thii-c an trong da day ca thieu (n = 91)
Ten khoa hoc Ten Vi?t Nam
1 Loligo chinensis Gray, 1849 Myc ong Holothuna sp Hai sam den Ambassis burensis Bleeker, 1856 Ca san Branchiostegusjaponicus (Houttump, 1782) Ca dong Portunus pelagics (Linnaeus, 1766) Ghe xanh Scylla serratta (Forskai, 1775) Cua bien
Acetes sp Ruoc 8 Stromateoides argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) Ca chim triing
9 Leiognathus equulus (Forskai, 1775) Ca li?t cham lung 10 Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskal, 1775) Ca mil ch§m 11 Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758 Sao bien 12 Terapon puta {Cuvier, 1829) Ca cang vay nhd 13 SecuforrL/con/L/s (Hamilton, 1822) Ca liet vSn lung 14 Harpiosquilla harpax (De Haan, 1884) Tdm tit (bien) 15 Penaeus monodon Fabncus, 1798 Tdm sii 16 Scy//s olivacen Herbst, 1796 Cua do 17 Synaptura otientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1795) Ca ban la mi't 18 Upeneussp Ca phen 19 Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) Ca bd 1 gai lung 20 Decapterus sp Ca nuc 21 ^/epesWe/n//(Bloch, 1793) Ca ngan 22 Acentrogobtcus caninus (Valenciennes, 1837) Ca bdng tro 23 Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Ca chai An Dd Thanh phan thii'C an ciia ca thiiu kha da
dang va phong phii bao gom 23 loai thudc 4 nhdm: nhdm ca (14 loai - 60,87% tong sd loai), ddng vat than m i m (1 loai - 4,35%), ddng vai da gai (2 loai - 8,70%) va dong vat giap xac (6 loai - 26,09%) Nhu vay cd the khSng dinh r^ng, ca thieu la loai cd pho thuc an rdng.
Thanh ph^n thirc an cua ca thieu cung tuang tu thanh ph^n thuc an cua mdt sd loai khac thuoc ho ca uc (Anidae) nhu Galeichthys felis [10], Arius fehs [15], Anus truncatus va A caelatus[6],A thalassinus [14], Tachysurus thalassinus [11]
3 2. Tin suat xu4t hien thuv an cua ca thieu Tan suat xuat hien cac nhdm thifc an trong da day ca thieu khac nhau. Nhom ca chiem tyle la 60,46%, nhdm ddng vat than mem chiem ty le la 38,46%, nhdm dpng vat giap xac chiem ty le la 32,97% va nhdm ddng vat da gai chiim ty le la 24,18% (hinh 8). Ket qua nghien cu'u nSy cd khac ho'n so vdi nghien cifu cua Mojumder (1968) da xac djnh tan suat (%) xuat hi^n cac nhom thirc an cua loai Tachysurus thalassinus (ten dong danh cua loai Arius thalassinus Ruppell, 1837), Cac logi thirc an nhu cua, torn, myc va giap xac chiem 67%; c^ xuang chiem 22% va than mem chiem 4% [11].
66 . TRL/ONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
C i TTfanmlm Gidpxac Da gai
^ Nham thdc in
TS 4. i ™°'»-''""*"*«"W>"afci<«ln..Sd,d4,citbli„
d, at "k^nht'ri^i ran^ rsrd-"'"'-"- '^^•'«°'"' - --
- . . g,P hong da day ca thilu nh^m: ! S r r , ? . S n ? ; ' ' ' - - ' - ^ ^
Myc I n g Hai s§m den C a s o n c a d i n g Ghe xanh Cua biln Rule c a chim tring c a Hat chim lu-ng Ca mil c h i m Sao b i l n Ca cang vay nhrt
38,46 19,78 16,48 10,99 7,69 7,69 7,69 6,59 4,40 4,40 4,40 3,30
TT TinViglNam Ca il$t van iung Tom tit (biln) Tdmsu Cua do c a bon id mIt Ca phan c a bd 1 gai lung Cdnuc c a ngan Ca bong tro ca chai An Dp
Tiln suit (%1 3,30 3,30 3,30 3,30 2,20 2,20 2,20 1.10 1,10 1,10 1,10
~ s,— r J,OU
37,^;tatfchi%t7TS"idrn:t;2rf°'*"^'=^'*^'-'^^
cao nhit * bSc 0 va 1. ' ' " ' " ^ " " ^ " a u ^ i : minh h!a ft hlnh 9. Chi s l dp no Fi
Hbb 9. c u sS JJ „ d, d i , cS .Ufc ( , . 240)
miONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG . 67
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thin san So 2/2016
4 2 Chi s6 da day rdng. CV
Chi sd da day rdng, CV = 37,07%, (20 < CV
< 40) (n - 240) Di&u nay cho th^y, ca thi^u la loai tuang doi pham an. Ket qua nghien CLFU nay nhSm minh hoa them vd tinh an ciia ca thiSu.
IV. KET LUAN VA KI^N NGHj 1. Ket luan
Ca thigu cd mieng dudi va rong, rang ham nhon va sac, rang vdm mieng hinh thanh nhieu cum Idn, cd rang hau, cd 4 cung mang va luac mang thua, da day Idn hinh chu V va cd nhieu n&p gap, rudt hinh dng va dai Thanh ph^n thifc an ciia ca thidu kha da dang va phong phii bao gdm 23 loai (14 loai ca, 6 loai giap xac, 2 loai dpng vat da gai va 1 loai than m^m)
Tan suat xuat hien cac nhdm thirc an- nhom ca chilm 60,46%, nhdm dong vat than mem chiem 38,46%, nhdm ddng vgt giap xac chiem 32,97% va nhdm ddng vat da gai chiem 24,18%. T i n su^t xuat hien cac loai thuc an muc dng (38,46%), hai sam (19,78%), ca san (16,48%), ca dong (10,99%), cua (7,69%), ghe (7,69%) va rude (7,69%). Chi so dd no (Fl) dg day ca bac 0 va 1 chidm chii yeu (73,74%) Ca (hieu la ca an day, pho thuc an rdng va ca an ddng vat
2. Kien nghj
CSn nghien cuu bo sung ve dac diem dinh dudng ciia ca thidu giai doan ca nho (Lj < 448 mm)
Vicl Nam, T m i r n g ban Ban hien lap Nguyen Tdn T n n h NXB Nong
i ci, Pham Thi Minh Giang dich N X B Khoa hoc va Ky Ihual, 27K irang
Pubii.'ihiirs Pvi. Lid , New Delhi, T.AI L11.1 T H , \ , M K l l \ ( )
Tu'ng Met
B6 Thuy san (I <W6) Ngu.in Im [hu\ ' nghiep Ha Noi
: Piavdm I I - | ! % . 1 | HiitTng dan nghien Tieng -inh
.'\I-Husaaini. ..\ II (l')4')) On ihe tunclional morphology of ihe ahmenlury Iraei of s o m e fishes m relation to ditlerenees in ilieir feeding habils. A n a i o m y and hislology, Q u a n e r l y loiima! of Microscopical Science Vol s.l-')ll i n ' ) - l 3 9
Biswas SP (19'),-.], Manual of Methods in i^ish Biology I" Ldn„ South A.
ISBN l-SXI.llX-IX-4 pp 157
S l e p h e n J M Blaber, Da^id T B r e u e r and John P Sahni (1994). Djct and deniilion in Iropical anid ealli.she.
Irtim ,.\ list rai 1,1, .kmma! ol PnMronnienlal Biologv of Fishes, Volume 4 0 , N u m b e r 2 159-174 Pang Soh C e m ( I9-)0K S o m e aspects of biology of Anus liiimatus ( C & V ) and .4rnis caelalns (Vai]
lO.sleiehihyes, Tach)sundae) in the Sungai Salak m a n g r o v e csluary, S a r a w a k . Malaysia Dcparlmenl of I isheries. M,nislr> ,)1 .Agriculuire \ l j l a > s i a
Dad/ie 1 ) , I Abou-Scedo and L ^i-Qaltar (2000), The food and feeding habils of Ihe .silver pomfrel. Pampus . " , s ; ' w c n s ( | u p h r a s e n i , i n K u \ v j i i « a r e r s Journal ol Applied Ichlhyology Volume I 6 . L s s u e 2 61-67.
S l i i / e n . O ( l ' W 7 ) - F o o d l u b i i s a r i d d i e u o m p o s i l i o n o f s o m c f i s h o f K u w a i t . K u w a i l B u l l M a r Sei 9 58-65 '1 leliedev N -i (1946) L l e m c n t a n population fish Zool 7 h u r n , 25, 121-135
111 M e m m a n D (i'WlJi. Morphological and e r a b o o l ogical studies on t w o species- of m a n n e catfish. Bam miimu^-Mi\Caleuhih^lt.'hs 7ookigiea 25 ( LI) 221 - 2 4 8
.1 Moinmder | I 9 6 K ] . , ood of catfish Tachvsuni. thalassinus (Ruppell,. Central Marine Ftshencs Research Insiituie, Sub-siation \ isakhapinam
I 2 \ c l s o n JS (20116], Fishes of the World. John Wiley & .Sons, Inc. ISBN 0 4 7 1 2 5 0 3 17
la T \ ^ u ^ ^ " ' ' ' " ^ ' ' \ t i - i t , q u e o f m c l h o d s o f s t u d y f o o d o f f i s h J Zool Soc I n d i a 4 l H 5 - 2 ( ) 0 . 14 K . n b o i , U J , 199.) Fishes of ,he Cambodian M e k o n g . FAO species identifica.ion field guide for fisl,er^
purposes Rome, F,\{). 265 p ^ ' ' I ' r ^ ' ' " ' " ^ ' ' ' '^^ ' ' " ' " " ' " ' " - - ' " • • ^ • ^ L {19KS). Lcology of three sea caifishes ( A n i d a e ) ,n a iropical eoasial
LLOsxsiem-Southern Gull ol Mexico .Marine ecology Progi ess series. Vol 4 9 2 1 5 - 2 3 0
6S • TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
