gtoi4^ 01 n ^ 2017 ^Shien cHu khoa hgc
XAC DINH HAM LlTOfNG VITAMIN A VA VITAMIN C
CO TRONG LA VA QUA DAU DA XOAN (Allospondias lakonensis (Pierre) Stapf) TREN DIA BAN THANH P H 6 BAC LIEU
Determining vitamins A and C content in leaves and fruit of Spondias Lakonensis {Allospondias lakonensis (Pierre) Stapf) in Bac Lieu city
o ThS. Diep Thi Hong Phu&c; ThS. Trin Van Be Khoa Supham
Vitamin id phdn tu huu ca tham gia vdo nhieu hogt dong song ciia ca the nhung ca the khong tu sdn xuat duac. Vitamin A (caroten - tien chdi vitamin A) co trong id vd qua Dau Da Xoan duac chiit bang hdn hgp petroleum ether vd acetone, tdch caroten tic cdc carotenoid bdng sac Icy cot vd xac dinh hdm lugng caroten bang do quang a budc sdng 450 nm, vitamin C dugc chiet bdng dung dfch HCl 2% vd dmh lugng bang phuang phdp chudn do oxy hda - khu (chudn do iod). Ket qud phdn tich cho thdy hdm lugng vitamin Ccmidnon id 175,27 mg/JOOg, la gid 163.53 mg/100g.qudxanh 142,27 mg/lOOg. qud chin 77,0mg/I00g.
Ham lugng caroten cua la non Id 15,5 pg/g. Id gid 38,38 fig/g, qud xanh 3,85 fig/g, qud chin 2,57 pg/g. Do do. cdn khai thdc su dung nguon vitamin AvdC trong Id vd qud Ddu Da Xoan de bo sung vao nguon thuc phdm tuai song hdng ngay.
ASTRACT
Vitamins are organic molecules taking part in many living organisms' activities but they can't self-produce. Vitamin A (carotene) in Allospondias lakonensis and leaves is extracted from the mixture of petroleum ether and acetone. Then carotene is separated from carotenoid and is determined by spectrophotometric measurements with the wavelength of 450nm. Vitamin C column chromatography is poured from HCl 2% and determined by oxidation reduction titrations. The analytical result indicates that vitamin C content oflecflet is 175,27 mg/lOOg, withered leaf is 163,53 mg/lOOg, unripe fruit is 142.27 mg/lOOg, ripe fruit is 77,0 mg/lOOg. Carotene content of leaflet is 15,5 fxg/g, withered leaf is 38,38 pg/g, unripe fruit is 3,85 pg/g, ripe fruit is 2,57 pg/g. Therefore, vitamin A andvitaminC should be exploited from Allospondias lakonensis and its leaves so as to supplement into daily fresh food.
1. Dat van de
Vitamin la phan tir hiiu ca can thiet cho hoat ddng chuydn hda binh thudng ciia ca the ngudi. Mac dii cac vitamin hoat ddng vdi sd luang rat nhd va khdng tao ra nang luyng nhung chung vd ciing can thiet cho qua trinh boat ddng va phat trien ciia td chuc sdng. Cac vitamin khdng the thay the duac cho nhau; rat de bi pha htiy bdi su oxy hda, nhiet dp mdi trucmg va tia eye tim qua each nau nuong va xu ly cdng nghiep nen ca the chung ta can phai bd sung da dang nhieu vitamin cling mot liic.
Rit nhieu nghien cuu trong va ngoai nuac vd ham luong vitamin da duac tidn hanh tren nhidu l o ^ rau qua, ndng san, nhung hien nay chua cd cdng trinh nghien cuu vd ham luong vitamin cd trong la va qua Dau Da Xoan - mot loai cay trdng nhidu 6 tinh Ninh Binh, nay da xanh mucft tren mot sd tuyen duang yen dia ban Thanh phd Bac Lieu, tir khi chuang trinh ky
THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUG Q
Nghiin ciifU khoa Hoc grkdng^OI iulm2017
ni|m ket nghia gifia hai tinh Bac LiSu - Ninh Binh t4i khdi dong nam 2011. Tti thvc tr?ng tren, de tii "Xic dinh ham lirgng vitamin A (caroten - tiln ciidt vitamin A) v i vitamin C c6 trong la vi qui Dau Da Xoan (Allospondias lakonensis (Pierre) StapQ trSn dja bin Thinh pho B?c LiSu" dugc tiSn hanh nhSm gop phin cimg d p ngu6n vitamin A va vitamin C de phuc vu cho ddi song ctia con nguoi, cung c^p cho mpi ngudi cii nhin to net hon ve nhung lgi Ich cila la vi qui Dau Da Xoan.
2. D6i taqmg v i phinmg phap nghiSn cihi 2.1. DSi tirgmg nghiSn ciru
Ham luong vitamin A v i vitamin C c6 trong la, qui Dau Da Xoan.
2.2. Phntnig phip nghiSn cihi 2.2.1. Phiroug phip thu mau
Miu du9c hdi vao cac bu6i sing, chiiu vio thing 5, 6 va 8, 9, nglu nhito 6 cic ciy Diu Da Xoan d timg tuyin dudng. Sau d6, diing keo cit miu li v i qui dau da xoan din phan cudng cua li non, li gii, qui xanh v i qui chin, cho vio hoc nilon vi cot kin miSng, dinh dill, mang ve phdng thi nghiem, phin loai va nia sach (li non, li gia, qui xatih vi qui chin) truoc khi tiln hinh thi nghiem. Rieng mlu qui diu da xoan dugc xiif 1^ thSm bing cich tich bd hat liy phin thit qui.
2.2.2. Phirong phip djnh lirgng caroten[4]
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2J.3. Phinmg phap dinh liryng vitamm C [1]
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Ket qua dinh tinh cho thay trong la va qua Dau Da Xoan co chua caroten (tien chit vitamin A) va vitamin C.
3.1. Ket qua d{nh l u ^ g vitamin C
3.1.1. Ham luong vitamin C & dot thu mlu thang 5,6
Ket qua xac dinh ham lugng vitamin C (mg/lOOg nguyen lieu tuoi) co trong la non, la gia, qua xanh, qua chin a dot thu mau thang 5, 6 a duong Hda Binh va duong Ngi^ln Van Linh dugc trinh bay or Hinh 1 va Hinh 2.
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Hinh 1. Ham luong vitamin C mmg binh d dot thu mlu thing 5, 6 vio budi sing d duong Hda Binh (A) va dudng Xguyin Van Linh (B)
THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
NgMen ciHu khoa hoc Qhann 01 iuuti2017
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Ghi chu: SS lt4u trong hinh Id trung binh cua 1 tdn tiip lai. SicdU nhat 1 chit cdi theo sau gidng nhau Ihl khdc bt4l khdng cd y nghla d miic SK
Hinh 2. Him luong vitamin C trung binh d dgt thu mau thing 5, 6 vio bull chiiu d dudng Hda Binh (A) v i dudng Nguyin Van Linh (B)
Su phit triin cua cic ciy Dau Da Xoan trSn dudng Nguyin Van Linh v i dudng Hda Binh khong gidng nhau. Trong diyt thu miu thing 5,6 d dudng Nguyin Vin Linh, hai hang ciy Diu Da Xoan chi mdi ra hoa, chua cd qua. Do viy chiing tdi chi tiln hanh xic dinh ham luijng vitamin C cd trong l i non v i la gii. Trong dgt thi nghiem lap lai lin 3, chdng toi thu nhan miu vio thdi dilm trdi mua. Kit qui ghi nhan duac cho thiy him luong vitamin C d li non, li gia, qui xanh tiiSp hon nhilu so vdi lin 1 v i lin 2. Cdn d qui chin thip gin 1 /2 so vdi kit qui lin 1 vi lan 2. Nhu vay, trdi mua lim inh hudng nhilu din him luong vitamin C cd trong li v i qui -^
Diu Da Xoan, djc biet la qui chin.
3.1.2. Him luwng vitamin C o" dft thu mSu thing 8,9
K6t qui xic dinh him luong vitamm C (mg/lOOg nguyen li6u tuoi) cd trong la non, li gii, qui xanh, qui chin d dot thu miu thing 8, 9 d dudng Hda Binh v i dudng Nguyin Vin Linh dugrc binh biy d Hinh 3 v i Hinh 4.
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Hinh 3. Him lugng vitamin C trung binh a dgt thu mau t h ^ g 8, 9 v ^ bu6i sang df dudng Hoa Binh (A) va duong Nguyen Van Linh (B)
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Hinh 4. Ham lugng vitamin C tnmg binh d dgt thu mau thang 8, 9 vao budi chieu 6 duong Hoa Binh (A) va duong Nguyen Van Linh (B)
Qua kdt qua phan tich df cac dgt thu mau ta thay, ham lugng vitamin C co trong cac mau nguyen lieu a cac budi sang, chieu cua ciing tuyen duong va ciing dgt thu mau khong cd su chenh lech nhau nhieu. Trong khi do, ham lugng vitamin C cd trong cac mau nguyen lieu d dgt thu mau thang 5, 6 cao hon so voi dgt thu mau thang 8, 9. Ket qua nay la do trong 3 lan thi nghiem 6 thang 8, 9 la thoi diem thai tiet mua nhieu, dieu nay da lam anh hudng den ket qua ciia ham lugng vitamin C cdtrongla vaquaDauDaXoanso vdridgtthangS, 6. Trongdd, ham lugng vitamin C trong qua xanh, qua chin giam nhieu hon so vdi la non, la gia. Ben canh do, ket qua phan tich ciing cho thay, ham lugng vitamin C cd trong qua xanh, qua chin 6 tuyen dudng Nguyen Van Linh thap hon ham lugng vitamin C cd trong qua xanh, qua chin o tuyen dudng Hda Binh. Qua cac dcrt thu mau thi nghiem tai duong Nguyen Van Linh, chiing tdi ghi nhan cay va la Dau Da Xoan df 2 ben tuyen dudng nay phat trien rat tdt nhung qua thi cd nhieu not den, do la cac vet dot ciia con trung. Ben trong qua chin cd nhieu au trimg. Chinh vi vay, vach te bao ciia qua xanh va chin da bi tdn thuong va lam cho ham lugng vitamin C de mat di.
Ket qua xac dinh ham lugng vitamin C cd trong qua chin a 2 tuyen duoTig phii hgp vdi ket qua giii di phan tich o Trung tam Intertek Viet Nam - chi nhanh Can Tho la ham lugng vitamin C cd trong qua chin a dudng Hda Binh (17,4 mg/kg) cao hon ham lugng vitamin C cd trong qua chin dducmg Nguyin Van Linh (14,1 mg/kg).
3.1.3. So sanh ham luffng vitamin C cua la va qua Dau Da Xoan vol mot so loai thvc pham khac
Dua theo kit qua nghien cuu ham lugng vitamin C ciia Nguyin Cdng Khan va Ha Thi Anh Dao (2007), ta cd ket qua so sanh ham lugng vitamin C ciia la va qua Dau Da Xoan va rau ngdt, rau mdng toi, rau diep ca, buoi, chanh, qua kiwi nhu sau:
THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO DUC
Nghien c^u khoa hgc <7hdng. 01 naan 2017
Ghi ch&: SS CO il nhat 1 chit cdi iheo sau gidng nhau thi khdc bi4t khdng coy nghla a miic 5%
Hinh 5. Ham lugng vitamin C ciia la va qua DSu Da Xoan va rau ngdt, rau mdng toi, rau diep ca, bucfi, chanh, qua kiwi
Tdm lai, qua kit qua xac djnh ham lugng vitamin C ciia 4 loai nguyen lieu thi ham lugng vitamin C cua la non la cao nhat (175,27 mg/lOOg nguyen lieu tuoi), la gia (lj62,07 mg/lOOg nguyen lieu tuoi), qua xanh (142,27 mg/lOOg nguyen Heu tuoi), va thap nhat la qua chin (77 mg/1 OOg nguyen lieu tuoi), cung theo Nguyen Thi Hien (2005) thi nhu cau vitamin C a ngudi trudmg thanh mgt ngay khoang 45 mg/ngay. Nhu vay, thi can khoang 31,6 g thit qua xanh va khoang 58,4 g thit qua chin la cimg cap dii lugng vitamin C cSn thilt cho ngudri trudng thanh trong mgt ngay.
3.2. Ket qua dinh lirong caroten
3.2.1. Ham Ivgng caroten & dot thu mSu thang 5, 6
Ket qua xac dinh ham lugng caroten (pg/g nguyen lieu tuoi) co trong la non, la gia, qua xanh, qua chin d dgt thu mlu thang 5,6 6 dudng Hda Binh va dudng Nguyin Van Linh dugc trinh bay g Hinh 6 va Hinh 7.
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Hinh 6. Ham luong caroten trung binh d dot thu mau thing 5, 6 vio bull sang d dudng Hda Binh (A) va dudng Nguyen Vin Linh (B)
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Hinh 7. Ham lugng caroten trung binh d dgt thu mau thang 5, 6 vao budi chieu 6 dudng Hda Binh (A) va duong Nguyen Van Linh (B) 3.2.2. Ham lugng caroten a dot thu mlu thang 8, 9
Ket qua xac dinh ham lugng caroten (|ig/g nguyen lieu tuoi) cd trong la non, la gia, qua xanh, qua chin d dgt thu mau thang 8, 9 d duong Hda Binh va dudng Nguyen Van Linh dugc trinh bay d Hinh 8 va Hinh 9.
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Hinh 8. Ham lugng caroten trung binh d dgt thu mau thang 8, 9 vao budi sang d duong Hda Binh (A) va dudng Nguyen Van Linh (B)
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Hinh 9. Ham lugng caroten trung binfi a dot thiu mau tiling 8, 9 vao budi cliiSu 0 duong Hoa Binh (A) va dudng Nguyen Van Linh (B)
THONG TIN KHOA HOC GIAO Dlir
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Nghien cvtu khoa hoc CJfidjt// 01 niuH 2017
Qua kit qua phan tich d cac dgt thu mlu ta th^y, mac du thoi tiet trong thang 5, 6 cd nang nhieu va thang 8, 9 lai co mua nhilu nhung ham lugng caroten cd trong cac mau nguyen lieu d cac budi sang, chieu cua cimg tuyen duong va d 2 dgt thu mau khdng cd su chenh lech nhau nhilu. Kit qua phan tich ciing cho thay, ham lugng caroten cd trong qua xanh, qua chin 6 tuyin dudng Nguyen Van Linh thap hon ham lugng caroten cd trong qua xanh, qua chin d tuyin dudng Hda Binh. Dieu nay la do qua dau da xoan tren dudng Nguyen Van Linh bi cdn trung tan cdng lam hu qua nhieu.
Ket qua gui di phan tich d Trung tam Intertek Viet Nam - chi nhanh Can Tho cho ket qua: Ham lugng P-caroten cd trong qua chin d dudng Hda Binh (1,77 mg/kg) cao hon ham lugng p-caroten cd trong qua chin a duong Nguyen Van Linh (1,10 mg/kg).
3.2.3. So sanh ham lugng caroten cua la Dau Da Xoan vo'i mot sd loai rau tren thj truong
Dua theo ket qua nghien cuu ham lugng caroten ciia Nguyen Vu Thai Hda (2011), Khoo et al., (2011) va Tharanathan et ai., (2006) ta cd ket qua so sanh ham lugng caroten cv-i la non, la gia Dau Da Xoan va rau sam, rau mdng toi, rau can nhu sau:
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Chi elm Sd cd il nlidl I chu cdi ihi-o sau giong nlliiii ihi kiidc hiel khdng cdy nghia a muc 5%
Hinh 10. Ham luiing caroten ciia la non, la gia, rau ngot, rau mdng toi, rau cin Tom lai, qua l<et qua xac djnh liam luong caroten ciia 4 loai nguyen lieu thi ham lirong caroten cua la gia la cao nhit (38,38 |ag/g nguyen lieu tuoi), va kit qua nay cung phii hop voi nghien ciiu cua Nguyen Vu Thai Hoa (2011) la la co mau xanh cang dam va cang gia Ihi ham lugng caroten cang cao. Vdi cong dung cua caroten la co kha nang hoat hoa mgt s6 ioai tl bao mien dich cua CO the. gop phan lam giam ndng do cholesterol trong mau, ... da dugc chiing minh qua nhilu nghien ciiu Irong va ngoai nuoc thi kit qua phan tich nay da md ra hudng nghien ciiu mdi trong viec sir dung ngudn nguyen lieu mdi - la gia Dau Da Xoan dl trich Iv caroten nham ling dung \ao thuc tien.
_ , , Nghien ciHu khoa hoc '^hdti^ 01 ndm 2017
4. Ket luan
- Xac djnh dugc ham lugng vitamin C cd trong la va qua dau da xoan 6 2 dgt thu mau thang 5, 6 va 8, 9 d duong Hda Binh va duong N g u y i n Van Linh, ham lugng cao nhat d la non, la gia, qua xanh, qua chin ihn lugt la 175,27 mg/lOOg; 163,53 mg/lOOg; 142,27 mg/lOOg;
77,0 mg/1 OOg.
- Xac dinh dugc ham iugng caroten cd trong la va qua dau da xoan a 2 dgt thu mau thang 5, 6 va 8, 9 d dudng Hda Binh va duong Nguyen Van Linh, ham lugng cao nhat o la non, la gia, qua xanh, qua chin lan lugt la 15,5 lig/g: 38,38 |ig/g; 3,85 ng/g; 2,57 |ig/g.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Pham Thi Tran Chau, 1997. Thuc hanh Hoa sinh hoc. Nha xuat ban Giao due, Ninh Binh, 132 trang.
2. Nguyen Vu Thai Hoa, 2011. Nghien cirit chiet tdch carotene tie mot so logi run xanh va ung dung phoi mau. Luan van thac sT hda hpc, trircmg Dai hoc Da Nang.
3. Nguyen Cong Khan, Ha Thi Anh Dao, 2007. Bang tltdnh phdn thuc phdm Viet Nam. Nha \uat ban Y hoc, 567 trang.
4. TC VN 9042-2:2012 do Cue An loan ve sinh thuc pham to chirc bien soan, Bg Y te denghi, Tong cue Tieu chuan Do luong Chat lupng tham dinh, Bp Khoa hpc va Cong ngh? cong bo.
5. Khoo, H.E., A. Ismail, Y Jiang, K.W Kong and K.P. Nagendra. 2011. Carotenoid and Their isomers: Color Pigments in Fruits and Vegetables. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Facuit> of Medicine and Health Sciences.
6. Tharanathan, R.N., T.N. Prabha and H.M. Yashoda, 2006, Mango {Mangifera indica L.). 'The Kingof fruits"-An Overview, Food Reviews International. Vol 22, pp 95-123.
THONG TIN KHOA HOP r,TAn T^TT^
