TAP CHl LICH SIJffiANGII-2014
D!A LOI-CACH DANH DOC D A G
CUA Ll/C Ll/ONG VU TRANG TJNH HAI Dl/ONG
NGUYEN THU QUYEN
Trudng THPT chuyen Nguyen Trdi tinh Hdi Duang -^C>^— ^ 2_
Trong cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam lUffc, lUc luong vii trang, lUc luong dan quan, du kich tinh Hdi Duong trudng thanh ve moi mat, dac biet la trong huan luyf n tac chien v i i loi danh pho bien la dja loi. Day la mot each danh doc dao da tao nen huyen thoai "tieng iim dudng S"ciia lUc luong vii trang ^ a phirong tinh Hal Duong.
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hu tich Hd CM Mmh tiing khang dinh:"... Du kich la each ddnh giac cua dan tdc bi dp buc chdng de qudc. De qudc cd kM gidi tdt, cd qudn dpi dang hpang; quan du kich khdng cd kM gidi tdt, chua thdnh quan dpi dang hodng; nhung qudn du kich dugc ddn chiing ung hd, thupc dia hmh, dia thi, kheo lgi dung dem tdi, mua ndng, kheo xep ddt k l hoach, nen quan du kich vdn ed the ddnh dugc d l qudc...
Qudn du kich Id ddi qudn tMen biln van hda, xudt quy nhdp flidn, kheo dimg ldi nay ttii tiam tian tiam dupe"'.
Thdm nhuan ldi cM ddn cua Chu tich Hd CM Minh, chu trupng cua Dang, quan vd ddu Hai Duong da phdt huy tmyen thdng yeu nude doan ket, chu ddng sdng tao tiong cdch ddnh gide.
Dudng sd 5 la con dudng giao thdng cMin luge quan ttpng bdc nhdt d Bde Bd, ddi 110 km ndi Hd Ndi vdi Hdi Phdng di qua tinh Hai Duong cd tdm quan trgng sdng cdn vdi cd ta va djch.
Nhdn fliiic dupe tdm quan ttgng ciia dudng sd 5, Dang bd tinh Hdi Duong da d l ra chu tiirong:
"dimg ldi danh du kich de danh dich, ddc biet tien cdc tiiyln dudng giao flidng, luc lugng vu tiang ciia til phdi danh dd dupe tdu, xe cua dich, tieu
hao dupe sinh luc dich"^. DS fliuc Men chi ttuong nay, "viec danh dia ldi hodn todn ciia dan qudn vdi nhiing ldi danh rdt tdi tinh la fliich hgp hon ed"^.
Dia ldi la hinh thiie tdc chien bdng min va phuong tidn nd khde nham sat thuong sinh l\ic, pha buy phuong tidn cMin tianh, ban ehl ddi phuong CO dgng, van chuydn''.
Sang nam 1948, dia ldi dd phdt tiien idt manh eimg vdi ky fliudt ng\iy ti'ang dat tdi trinh dd kha.
Dd tang eudng vu kM cho luc lupng vii trang.
Dang bd tmh Hdi Duong chi dao Cdng binh xudng D^ tich cue fliu gom sdt d l sdn xudt min va lvra dan. Hdng nghm qud mm cdc loai, hang tiam qua dia ldi hdng ngdy, hdng tudn dupe sdn xudt va ehuyen ra mat trdn'. "Cd the ndi, ngudi ddn qudn Hai Duong dd tien mpt budc kha ddi tien con dudng phdt trien dia ldi cMln. Tuy nMen, han ehl cua du kich Hai Duong ttong ldi ddnh nay la viec phue kich cudp vii khi ciia dich di ddi vdi vide phd hoai bdng dia ldi cdn it di"'. KM cuge khdng cMen chuyin sang giai doan mdi, tu nam 1951, nhttng han chi ndy da ddn dupe khde ph\ic, dua edch ddnh dia ldi ciia du kich Hdi Duong ttd flianh each ddnh mdu mue de dan qudn du kich mdt sd tmh hgc tap. Dde Met, ngdy 22-12-1952,
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30 ngudi gdm nhiing cMdn sT dung cam, cd kinh ngMdm danh mm ciia cac huyen Cam Chang, Kim Thanh, Bmh Giang, Gia Ldc dugc tiianh lap tiianh dpi S20 vdi nMem vu ehuydn danh pha giao flidng djeh. Vd td chirc, S20 due tiiudc Ban Tham muu Tmh dgi. Tir kM tiianh lap ddn khi kdt fliiic thang lgi cupc khmg cMdn chdng Phap, dpi S20 da ddnh gin 200 ttan min Idn nhd, diet vd phd buy 145 xe, cd 20 xe tang, xe bgc tiiep, lat dd 17 doan tau, tidu diet hang nghin tdn djchl
Vdi cMdn edng ttong hon 1 nam thyc Men ddnh dia ldi, dpi S20 da dat tiianh tich xuit sdc ttong cMdn dau, dupe Chinh phu tang 1 Huan chuang Quan edng hang Ba, 1 Huan chuang CMdn cdng hang Nhit, 20 Bdng khen cua Tmh va Bp tu lenh Quan khu, 10 ddng cM duge thudng Huan chuong vd hau hdt cae cMen si ttong dpi ddu dupe khen thudng.
Net ddc dao sang tao ttong Idi ddnh dia ldi ciia lyc lugng vii tt^ang Hai Duong thd Men sy nang dpng, sang tao, qua cam cua lyc lupng vu trang tmh;
Thir nhdt, luc lugng vS trang Hdi Duang da che tgo ra cdc logi min phii hgp vdi hodn cdnh cu the cua timg trdn ddnh
Ddi lap vdi nhiing vti kM, phuang tidn cMdn ttanh Men dai ciia dich, nhiing vG kM giiip lyc lupng vu ttang Hai Duong I^t dd tau va xe quan sy cua Phap cM la nhiing qua mm do du kich ty chd hdt siic thd so hoac do cdng binh xudng tmh cung cap. Tuy nhidn, ca min gidt ddy va min dien cd ngum diiu khiin ddu cd nhupc didm rit co bdn Id nhit tMdt phdi cd vi tri gde day nun d nhiing nai i n n i p tiiu^ Ipi - gan dudng dd ngudi danh min ngdm mue tidu didu kMen eho mm nd ehinh xde. Vi le dd, sau mdi tran danh, dich thudng tim ddn khu vuc gde day mm, liy ed ddt pha nha ciia, bdn giet nhdn dan, khimg bd co sd cua du kich rit da man. Be khde phue tinh ttang tt^n.
thyc Men chu truong mdi do Huydn uy, Huydn dpi Kim Thanh dat ra la "danh thdng dich nhung phdi bdo vd duge nhan dan va eo sd khang cMdn ciia du kich"', dpi du kich Kim Thanh da tim tdi, sang tao ra loai min dien tu dgng. Mpi tinh toan, tM ngMem ddu rit tiianh cdng, dem lai tiidng Ipi gidn gia diu tidn ttdn dudng sdt Kim Thanh bdng vide sir dung loai mm nay vao ngay 28-12-1951 lat dd dodn tau 18 toa eiia djch, kMen ehiing phai mit 1 tuin dd giai quydt hau qua, ma vdn bao ve duge nhan dan, ea sd khang cMdn cua du kich.
"Min diin tu dgng " da duac van dung danh dich mpt each phd bien ttdn dudng sat Cam Giang gay eho djch rat nMdu tdn thit. Du kich Hai Duong tidp tue ngMen ciiu each danh nay len dmh cao mdi thdnh "min dien tu dgng theo y muon " cd thd ddnh ttung diu tau vdi bat cu quy luat di lai hoae bd tri doan tau nhu thd nao.
Thir hai, bg dgi vd ddn qudn du kich sdng tgo ra cdch ddt min khde nhau, dgt hiiu qud cao trong moi trdn ddnh
KM chua thanh fliao vd cac loai nun va each dat min, du kich Hai Duong (te su dung nhung Idi danh het siic don gjan, ddc dao: dat lyu dan da riit chdt an tt^an ttong trai budi, dd d giiia dudng vao sang sdm. Quan Phdp di tuin qua ngd la ciia ngudi di cho danh roi Udn nhdt ldn. Luu dan da nit chdt an toan bi nd tung kMen chiing thuong vong. Mac dii quan P h ^ da. rat than ttxmg nhung du kich van ngM ra duoc nhflng each tiiiic danh kMdn chiing hoang mang, tdn tiiit. Qudn Phap da nit dupe kinh ngMem sir duDg may dd min, nhe nhang nhic cMdc ndi ra, nhat tung vien dit, da dd tim mm.
Cach dat min va danh min ty dpng din din phat ttidn Idn triifli dp cao ban, cMa lam 2 giai doan khae nhau: mm can giat day va min ty ddng hoan toan. Ban ddu du kich ddt min day, mdt dau day kich didn dat vao qua min, dau day bdn kia du kich giii. Trai qua nMdu tran, du kich da ngM ra
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cdch ddnh tu ddng. CM rieng viee ddt nun thdnh cdng da quylt dinh hii 50% thdng Ipi cua tian ddnh. Dd dat dupe mpt qua mm vdo dudng sdt la SII gianh gidt tiing gid, timg phiit, tiing doan dudng vdi ke dich rat quylt liet, ed liic cdn tdn cd xuong mdu ciia cMen sT.
Thu ba, ddn qudn du kich da chgn thai diem vd dia diem dot min phu hgp vdi timg Iran ddnh
Ben canh ddt mm mdt cdeh bi mat, du kich cdn kit hgp ddt min phuc Web, tap Heh dich tten co sd ngM binh, "giuong ddng kich tdy" ddnh lac hudng qudn dich. Bd dpi va du kich van ddt mhi tien edc doan dudng sdt, tien cdu ddng ttidi ddt ludn ttiem mm tren cae doan dudng ke tiep each dd khodng vdi tidm met. KM min nd, cdu sap, dudng sat bi phd, dieh dang bay hoay khdi phuc sua chiia, du kich tiep tuc kich dien kMen nhflng qua min tiep theo phdt nd, tieu diet gpn bpn chiing. Du kich Hdi Duong cdn thuc Men ngM binh dich bang cMen thudt "hd khdng min". Tieu bidu eho ldi ddnh ngM binh Id tran dem 2-5-1954 da bien bgi ihdnh thdng, da pha buy 1 ddu tdu, 5 toa xe, diet nMlu ten dich.
Mat khac, tiiy vao timg dieu kien cu thi ma qudn va ddn Hdi Duong ven dudng 5 dd Unh boat tiong each danh. Nhimg ldi danh tudng chimg
"vd tiln khodng hau" da gidng nhung ddn cM mang vao qudn thu kMen chiing hdn xieu phdch lac, "tieng sdm dudng 5" fliuc su ttd thanh ndi dm dnh ddi vdi qudn Phdp.
'Tilng sdm dudng 5" eua lire lupng vii ttang tinh Hdi Duong ttpng cudc khdng cMln chdng ttiirc ddn Phdp (1945-1954) la ddu mdc lich sii d l tinh: De lam nen tieng sdm huyIn thoai, nhan ddn Hai Duong fliudng nhde tdi ten tudi cua cdc "vua mm" nhu Sau Ddu, Nguyin Van Thda, Dinh Thi Nhin, Dai dpi Vu Hd, S20... Song, gdp phdn khdng nhd vdp flidng lgi to ldn dy la Mnh dnh nhiing anh bd dpi, du kich vd danh ngdy ngay bam dan, bam ddt, bam dudng, anh dung, sang
tao ddnh giac bdng nhflng vu kM, each ddnh ddc dao, chua timg cd ttong tiln le lam ndn mdt ddc sdc v l nghe fliuat cMin ttanh du kich Viet Nam.
Dung nhu pMa Phdp da phai cay ddng thii nhan:
"Dimg nhflng thii doan vd phuong tien cMin ttanh Men dai d l chdng lai chiln tranh du kich la mdt dieu vd ich""*. Hdng loat nhflng eon ngudi vd danh dy dd tao nen tdp the huxi danh anh himg tten manh dat Hdi Duong "gidu ciia, giau ngudi, giau cMen edng".
1. Ho Chi Mnh Toan Igp, Nxb CTQG, H, 2001, T. 3, tr. 499-500
2. Ban ChSp hanh Dang bo tinh Hdi Duong: Nhiing su kien lich su Bdng bo linh Hdi Dumig(l928-I9S4), Xi nghiepInTre,H, 1997,1.1, tr 121
3. Kinh nghiem chiin tranh du loch cita nhan dan tinh //fiiilMOTig.'Bao cao dja dfing cM Hong Vii, Tinh doi trudng thang 5-1950, lim tai Bp Chi huy Quan sir tinh Hai Duong
4. Xem Tnuig tam tu diln bach khoa Qudn su - BQ Qu6c phong: Tif dien bdch khoa Qudn su Viet Nam,'^^
QDND, H, 1996,11.262
5. C^dng binh xudng D - Cong binh xuong Hai Duong duoc thanh lap tir nam 1946 tren CO sd mdt phdn xudng vu khi ciia Thanh Tri (Ha Npi)ddngtaiHai Duong
6. Xem Dang bo Quan su tinh Hai Duong: Lich sir Bdng bf Qudn sif Hnh Hdi Duang (1947-2010), Cong ty c6 phan In va Vat tu Hdi Duong, 2011, tr. 76
7. Hong Vu: Kinh ngfiiem chien tranh du kich Ha Duong, Bp Tdng tiiam muu xuat ban nam 1950, ban luu t^ Thu vi6n Quic gia
S.T6ngajclim(^I4chslihducdnQudnddiNhAl dan Viet Nam, Nxb QDND, H, 1995, Ir. 122
9.£temgiOTiA(fing?!«i<4Adi, Nxb Hdi Phong, 1996, Xl,tr.l28
W. Lich sir Ddng bo linh Hdi Duang, N\bCTQG,li, 2008,7.1, IT. 216.
