Tap chi Khoa hgc xa hoi miln Trung, So 03 (59) - 2019 31 DAO TAO VA SU" DUNG N G U 6 N N H A N LUC
dTJNH QUANG BINH TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY:
THLfC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
PHAN THj THU HA- Tom t6t: Trong nhdng ndm qua, ngudn nhdn lue dang duge ddnh gid Id mdt trong nhdng yeu td thuin lgi eho phdt trien kinh ti- xd hdi eua tinh Qudng Binh. Co the nhdn thdy, ngudn nhdn luc tinh m/ da phdt trien cd vi sd lugng Idn chdt lugng vdphdt trien theo hudng todn diin ve dao ddejn tue, thelijc, sdng tao, tre hod... nhung vdn cdn do nhiiu han ehiedn khacphuc Bdi viit ndy phdn tieh thuc ttmgddotgovdsddijngnguon nhdn litcdtinhQudngBinh.Tddddixudt mgt sdgidiphdpgdpphdn nong eao hieu qud ddo too vd sddung ngudn nhdn lue d tinh Qudng Binh trong giai doan hiin nay
Titkhoa: ngudn nhdn luc, ddo tao nguon nhdn lue, sddung nguon nhdn lue.
Abstracts: Human resources are being evaluated as one of the favorable factors for social- economic development of Quang Binh province over the last few years. It can be seen that the liuman resources of this province have grown both in quantity and quality in the direction of moral, i!]telleetual, physical, creative development and the rejuvenation; however; there are still several types of limits that require some solutions. This article analyzes the current status in the training and the use of human resources in Quang Binh province. Therefore, a number of measures were proposed to contribute to improving the effectiveness of training and use of human resources in Quang Binh province in the current period.
Key words: human resources, human resource training, the use of human resources.
Ngaynhgnbah 17/3/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 02/6/2019
Dat van de
C
on ngudi II chu the sang tao ra mpi gia trj vat chit v l tinh than, la nhin to CO bin, quyet djnh ddi vdi sy phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua moi qudc gia. Chinh vl vay, trong nhUng n i m qua cdng t i e d i o tao va sil dung ngudn nhan lyc ludn dugc Bang va Nhl nudc quan tam. B i y la hai yeu to khong the tach rdi vl suy cho cung, myc&h cila giao due v l d i o tao la nham dap ling nhu cau ciia xa hpi. Thyc tien Ijch sif da chi ra rang, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda CO mdi quan he chat che vdi sU nghiep giao (liic va dao tao. Trong dd, dao tao v l phat t'ien ngudn nhin lyc chit lugng cao la yeu to quyit djnh trUc tiep den hieu qua ciia cong cupc cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda d i t nudc.
'lining Dai hoc Qnang Binh.
™ * demenkyloeisgmail.com.
Tren thyc te, ngudn nhin lyc tinh Quang Binh ca b i n d l phat trien va dat dupc nhUng ket qua nhit djnh nhu dpi ngu lao ddng cd trinh dp cao, cP chuyen mpn, nghiep vu tdt, cd ciu nglnh nghe hgp ly, ngudn nhin lyc qua dao tao ngly cang nang cao. Tuy nhien, ben canh do van con nhieu vin de dat ra nhu chit lugng d i u vao, hinh thUc d i o tao, mdi trudng hoc tap, ky ning hanh nghe ciia ngudi lao dpng...Chinh vl vay, bai viet tap trung llm rd thyc trang dao tao va sU dung ngudn nhin lyc hien nay d tinh QuIng Binh, tren cd sd dd de xua't mdt sd giai phap gdp phan ning cao chit lupng ngudn nhan lyc ciia tinh QuIng Binh trong thdi gian tdi.
1. Thitc trang dao tao va sOr dung nguon nhan luc 6t tinh Quang Binh trong giai doan hien nay
7.7. Ddo tao nguon nhdn life Theo Lien Hgp Qudc, ngudn nhdn lite la tat ca nhUng kien thiJc, ky ning, kinh nghiem.
32 NTHjTHUHA nang lac va tmh sang tao cua con ngUdi co
quan he t6i sa phat trien cua m6i ca nhan va cua dat nadc.
Theo David Begg Stanley Fischer, nguon nhan lac daoc hieu la toan bp trinh dp chuyen mon ma con ngacJi tich luy dapc, no daoc danh gia cao vi tiem nang dem lai thu nhap trong taong lai.
TCr cac quan diem tren, co the hieu nguon nhan tttc la tong hoa the lUc va trf lite ton tai trong todn bg lUc lugng lao dgng xd hgi cua mgt quoc gia, trong do ke't tinh truyen thong va kinh nghiem lao dgng sdng tao cua mgt dan tgc trong lich sCt dugc van dung di san xudt ra cua cdi vat chdt vo tinh thdn phuc vu nhu cau hien tgi va tuang lai cCia ddt nUdc.
V6i y nghTa va tam quan trpng cua cong tac dao tao nang cao chat lapng nguon nhan lac, van kien £)ai hoi dal bieu dang bp tinh Quang Binh lan thif XVI, nhiem ky 2015-2020 nhan djnhi'Thac hien co hieu qua chCi traong doi m6\ can ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao, gan v6i phat trien nguon nhan lUc chat lapng cao. Quan tam chat lapng mui nhpn, bao dam chat lapng giao due dai tra. Nang cao chat lapng dpi ngu giao vien va can bp quan ly giao due. Day manh xa hpi hoa de thu hut nguon lac dau ta mang Ia6i tracing I6p, CO sd vat chat va trang thiet bi day hpc. €)en nam 2020, co 40 - 50% tradng mam non, 90 tradng tieu hpc, 70-75% tradng trung hpc cP s6 va trung hpc pho thong dat chuan quoc gia. Nang cao chat lapng daotaocuaTracfng Dai hpc Quang Binh,Tracrng Cao dang nghe va cac tradng trung cap chuyen nghiep" (Van kien €)ai hpi Dang bp tinh Quang Binh lan tha XVI 2015-2020).
Trong nhufng nam qua, tinh Quang Binh thac hien tot quy hoach phat trien nhan lac, cac chaong trinh, de an, co cau nhan lac cua tinh da CO nhieu thay doi theo hadng tang dan ty trpng lao dpng trong ITnh vac cong nghiep - xay dang va djch vu, giam dan ty trpng lao dpng trong nong nghiep, nha:
Linh vac cong nghiep - xay dang (nam 2011 la 14,93% den nam 2015 la 17,21%) va ITnh vac djch vu (nam 2011 la 19,91 % - nam 2015 tang len 27,63%) va giam dan trong ITnh v\Jc nong-lam -thuy san (nam 2011 la 65,16%, nam 2017 con 55,1 %) (Oy ban Nhan dan tinh Quang Binh, 2016).
Chat lapng cupc song cua ngacfi dan tinh Quang Binh khong ngCrng dapc nang cao, dieu kien cham soc, bao ve, ren luyen siic khoe cua ngadi lao dpng ngay cang tdt hon;
the lac cua ngUdi lao dpng tang biSdc dapc cai thien; Cong tac dao tao nguon nhan lac dapc chu trpng va co nhieu chuyen bien tich cac; Chat lapng giao due toan dien va chat lapng mui nhpn ehuyen bien ro ret. Ben canh cong tac dao tao nang cao chat lapng nguon nhan lac, tinh da quan tam cong tac tao viec lam eho ngadi lao dpng. Cac nguon lac, cac chaong trinh, d\j an de giai quyet viec lam dapc tap trung huy dpng va long ghep cung chapng trinh quoc gia gial quyet viee lam, dao tao nghe, xuat khau lao dpng; moi nam, toan tinh giai quyet viec lam mdi cho gan 3 van ngadi lao dpng (Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Quang Binh, 2016).
Nha vay, qua trinh dao tao nguon nhan lac cua tinh Quang Binh da dat dapc ket qua rat dang khieh le, co dapc nhCng thanh cong do la do qua trinh hpi nhap kinh te quoc te ngay cang sau rpng; yeu cau eua sa nghiep eong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nadc doi hoi ngadi lao dpng phai khong ngang nang cao trinh dove moi mat He thong coscjgjao due da dapc sap xep lai, nhieu co scf dao tao va day nghe eua tinh dapc thanh lap va nang cap, tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho ngadi lao dpng tham gia cac loai hinh dao tao, boi dadng;Thi tracing lao dpng tang ba6c dapc doi m6i theo hadng phat then nen kinh te da thanh phan, giai phong sac san xuat va sac lao dpng lam cho nga6i lao dpng linh hoat trong viec laa chpn nghe nghiep va phan dau hpe tap nang cao trinh dp hoc van va chuyen mon nghiep vu. Ben canh nhOng
licchi Khoa hoc xa hoi mien Trung, So 03 (59) - 2019 ket qui da dat dUgc, qua trinh dao tao, chat ludng ngudn nhin lyc ciia tinh Quang Binh trong giai doan hien nay v i n cdn nhUng bat cap can phii khac phuc sau day:
Thdnhdt, dd la thieu sU gan ke't giCfa cdng tic dao tao va nhu cau thyc te ve sU dung nguon nhan lyc. Trong dd cd nhieu bat cap ciin ton tai nhU: cd cau dao tao bat hgp ly, thieu sU gan ket giUa d i o tao va sU dyng lao ddng, chat lupng dao tao chUa dap Ung dugc nhu cau cua ngudi sU dung. Bac biet, ngudn nhan luc thieu va yeu cac ky ning thyc hanh, dac biet la sinh vien vUa tdt nghiep ra trudng. Sd di nhu vay la vl trong qua trinh dao tao ngudi hpc it dugc tiep can cac eg sd thuc hanh, thyc t i p . Thdi gian thyc hanh tai cdsdqua It, chi dii cho ngudi hpc hlnh dung ra cdng viec sau khi ra trudng v l bat chudc lam theo ma chUa cd tinh sing tao trong mdi trudng thyc tien. Mdt trong nhUng nguyen nhan trUc tiep dan den he luy nay II do mdi quan he giiia co sd dao tao va cac cd sd thyc hanh chua cP sy g i n ket ben vdng, cdng tac thuc hanh, thyc t i p chl mang tinh miia vy ma chua co tinh chuyen nghiep cao;
Thdhai, d Quang Binh hien nay thieu dpi ngu nhan lyc chat lugng cao, ddi ngu cdng nhan lao dpng lanh nghe, dac biet la eac ban sinh vien mdi ra trudng. Bleu nay de nhan thay bdi trong q u i trinh dao tao, ngUdi hpc it dupc tiip can vdi cac cd sdthyc hinh, tren giSng dudng cac em da cd gang luyen t i p , 'en luyen tay nghe nhieu, tuy nhien do chi la nhdng md hinh gia djnh. Khi dl lam, cic m dupc tiep xuc vdi moi trudng thyc te nen khong tranh khdi nhUng bd ngdva khd khan trong qua trinh lam viec. Bo do, k h i ning lam viec nhdm, tinh chuyen nghiep, nang luc si dung ngoai ngU nhu II cdng cy l l m viec ctia ngudn nhin lyc d tinh Quang Binh cdn han che;
'''iil'ta, chuang trinh dao tao ngudn nhan '*hi§n nay dQuIng Binh chua phu hgp vdi ySu cau cOa nha tuyen dung. Bay la nguyen
33 nhin chinh dan den tinh trang "thUa thay, thieu thg"phd bien d tinh QuIng Binh hien nay.Trong nhUng nam qua, sd lugng Idn sinh vien tdt nghiep ra trudng khdng xin dugc viec lam dan den tinh trang llm trai nghe, t h i m chi t h i t nghiep d mUc dang bio ddng.
Ngudn lao ddng qua dao tao co trinh dp cao t i n g len rat rd ret nhUng nhu cau xa hpi lai cin nhUng cong nhan lao ddng iinh nghe, trong khi dpi ngu nay lai qua mong. Chinh vl vay, ngudn nhin lyc lao dpng ddng dao ma khdng sUdung hole phan bd khPng hgp ly giUa cac nganh, cac vung, eg ciu dao tao khdng phii hgp vdi nhu cau sir dung thi lyc lupng lao dpng dPng d i o dd khdng nhUng khdng trd thanh ngudn lpc de phit trien m l cothecpn II ginh nang cin trd sy phit trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia dja phuang;
Ngudn nhan lyc tai nhUng vung, dja phUdng ndng thdn, mien nui ciia tinh Quang Binh cdn thieu cic ky nang can thiet de hdi nhap, de thyc hien thanh cdng sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc nhu thieu va yeu ky nang cdng nghe thdng tin, ngoai ngU, ky nang giao tiep, ky ning thich Ung trong cupc sdng. CIc ky nang nhan dien va xir ly van de, ky ning lam viec nhPm, ky nang thuyet trinh trUdc d i m ddng. Cin bd xa, phudng, thj tran tuy dugc quan tam bd tri, dao tao nhieu nhung ty le dat chuin con thip.
1.2. Suf dung nguon nhdn life Muc tieu phat trien cua tinh QuIng Binh da dugc fling bd va ngudi d i n xac djnh la phin dau den nim 2020 dua tinh Quang Binh cd bin trd thanh mdt tinh cd nen kinh te phat trien. Trudng Bai hpc QuIng Binh la cd sd d i o tao va cung cap da sd ngudn nhan luc cho tinh QuIng Binh. Nha trudng cung vdi nhdng cd sd d i o tao ngudn nhin lyc khac trong tinh nhu trung t i m xuc tien va gidi thieu viec lam tinh Quang Binh, Trudng Trung cap nghe so 9 gdp phan quan trpng, cd tinh quyet djnh de thyc hien myc tieu tren. Bo dd, cung vdi cdng t i c d i o tao
34 PHAN THITHU HA n i n g cao chat lugng ngudn n h i n lyc, tinh
QuIng Binh da quan tam cdng t i c tao viec lam cho ngUdI lao ddng. Trong nhUng nam qua, cdng tac xuc tien viec lam cho ngUdi lao ddng dugc dac biet chu trpng. Theo dd, cac ngudn lyc, cac chuang trinh, dy an de giai quyet viec lam dugc tap trung huy dpng va long ghep ciing chuang trinh qudc gia giai quyet viec l l m , dao tao nghe, xuit khau lao ddng; mdi n i m , t o l n tinh giai quye't viec lam mdi cho g i n 3 van ngudi lao ddng (Van kien Bai hdi B i n g bd tinh Quang Binh lan thU XVI 2015-2020). Bo dd, viec sir dung ngudn nhan lyc d tinh Quang Binh v i n cdn nhUng rao can c i n khac phuc trong thdi gian tdi nhu sau:
Trong nhUng n i m qua, tinh QuIng Binh ludn quan tam va tao dieu kien nham thyc hien tdt chinh sach thu hut nhan tai cho tinh nha.Tuy nhien, quy m d v l hieu qua ciia chinh sIch chUa cao, chUa thyc sudii sUc hap dan de thu hut nhUng nhin tai, nhUng cin bd khoa hpc, ky thuat, nhUng ngUdi cd trinh dp chuyen mdn cao ve tinh cdng tac. Mdt bd p h i n tri thUc tre, dugc d i o tao chinh quy, cd chuyen mdn gidi cd xu hudng mudn chuyen den lam viec d nhdng nai cd dieu kien, mdi trudng lam viec tdt hon. Nhieu hpc sinh co thanh tich hpc tap tdt, trung tuyen vao cic trudng dai hpc va cao dang chit lugng cao trong va ngoai nudc vdi nhUng nglnh ma tinh dang cin nhung khdng mudn trd ve dja phuang cdng t i c sau khi tdt nghiep;
Tren thyc te, cdng t i e lanh dao, chi dao trong quy hoach, dao tao phit trien va sir dyng ngudn nhin lyc chat lugng cao ciia tinh chua dugc quan tam thugng xuyen;
trong cdng t i c xay dyng quy hoach, ke hoach chua g i n dao tao, bdi dudng vdi nhu cau sif dung n h i n lyc theo tUng nganh, linh vyc va tUng thdi ky. Chinh sach thu hut ngudi gidi chua thyc sy p h i t huy hieu q u i , chua dii sUc hap dan de dao tao va thu hut dugc ngudri n h i n lyc chit lugng cao bd sung cho mpt sd nganh ma cac vimg, mien cdn thieu;
Cd the nhan thay, ngudn nhan lUc cd trinh dp cao phan bd khdng ddng deu giCta cac nganh, cic dja phudng va cic thanh phan kinh te; phan Idn tap trung d thanh thi va trong cac cd quan hinh chinh, ddn vj sU nghiep. Mat khic, viec l l m tao ra hang n i m t h i p hdn so vdi nhu ciu tim kiem viec lam cua ngudi lao ddng dan den nhieu sinh vien ra trudng lam trai nghe, tham chi khong cd viec l l m hoac cd viec lam nhUng thu nhap chua tugng xUng vdi nang luc chuyen mdn.
2. Mot so giSi phap gop phan tang cudng h i | u quii gan Icet dao tao va sH dung nguon nhan liTc or tinh Q u i n g Binh trong giai doan hien nay
Mpt Id, tiep tyc trien khai thyc hien tdt cdng tac quy hoach p h i t trien ngudn nhin lyc giai doan 2020-2025 theo sy chl dao ciia Thil tudng Chinh phii v l cic bd nganh trung Udng. Cac sd, nglnh, dan vi, dja phuong phai xay dyng ke hoach, quy hoach phat trien ngudn nhan lyc ciia tUng cd quan, don vj, dja phuang de chl dao trien khai thyc hien cd hieu qua;
Hai la, tang cudng hgp tac qudc te de diy nhanh phat trien ngudn nhan lyc. Ting cudng thu hut cac ngudn vdn t u nudc ngoai (gdmca vdn d i u t u true tiep, vdn vien trg chinh thUc v l t i l trp cua cic td chUc, ca nhin, vdn ciia cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai...) cho phit trien ngudn nhan lyc. Tip trung dau t u cho cic cd sd giao due, dao tao, day nghe chit lugng cao, cac ca sd y te chuyen sau... Cif cin bd, cdng chUc, vien chUc, hpc sinh, sinh vien gidi di dao tao 6 nudc ngoai bang ngin sich cua tinh, ngudn vdn tai trg ciia cac td chUc, c l nhin trong va ngoai nudc; khuyen khich du hpc t y tuc hoac dugc hd trg mdt p h i n t u ngan sIch cua tinh. Hgp tac d i o tao dpi ngu cin bp, cdng chUc, vien chUe trong linh vyc hoach dinh chinh sach, quy hoach dd thi, kien true sU, xiy dUng, y te, thugng mai qudc te... de tao ngudn iuc cd trinh do cao, tien tien d i p Ung yeu ciu nhiem vu
Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi mienTrung, Sd 03 (59) - 2019 35 So/d,xay dyng chuang trinh dao tao d i p
iJng chuan qudc te va khu vUc. Chuong trinh dio tao ngudn nhan lyc hien c i n phai thay ddi theo hudng hpi nhap, uu tien phat trien cic ky ning thyc hanh. Mpt trong hai chuang trinh giang day dugc sif dung rdng rai d cic nUdc ma chau Au ma hien nay bay trudng dai hpc trpng diem trong ca nUdc dang thU nghiem do chuong trinh PHOHE VA CDIO.
Du tien ciia chUOng trinh n i y la chu trgng den dao tao ky nang nghe nghiep ngay tU nam thU nha't, theo dd, sinh vien se dugc di thuc te, thyc hanh t r i l nghiem v i gan bd vdi cac cd sd tuyen dung trong sudt qua trinh hoc.Thyc hien chuang trinh n i y ddi hdi gilo vien phii ddi mdi phuong phap giang day, day nhCfng cai ngudi hpc can chU khdng phai day nhOng cai ngUdi day cd;
fion id, cin tang cudng sy l i n h dao, chi dao ciia cip iiy Dang, chinh quyen cac cap ve phat trien ngudn nhin lyc. Thyc hien cdng tic quy hoach ve phat trien ngudn nhan lyc theo nhu ciu cua xa hdi. Tren cd sd dd, cic sd, nganh, ddn vj, dja phuang phai x i y dyng ke hoach, quy hoach phat trien ngudn nhan lyc ciia timg CO quan, dan vj, dja phuang de chl dao then khai thyc hien cd hieu qua. Hang nam cac dia phuang can khao sat, danh gia thifc trang va nhu ciu n h i n lyc cua dja phuong de cP ke hoach tuyen dung khich quan, chi tiet. Bdng thdi, cac ddn vj sif dung lao dpng cin doi mdi phugng phIp tuyen dung, ghi ro tieu chuan cy the ve trinh dp, ky nang, thai dp, pham chat, dp tudi, sUc khde, gidi tinh, vj tri viec llm... Cd mdi quan he gan ho chat che vdi co sd dao tao;
Worn Id, nha nUdc cin t i n g cudng d i u tttngan sach v l ddi mdi co che chinh sIch cho phat trien ngudn nhan lyc. Nang dan ty trong von dau tU cho g i l o dye va d i o tao, Jau tu thich dang v i o dao tao nghe v l cho cac hoat ddng nghien cUu, Ung dung tien bd khoa hpc ky thuat, cdng nghe. Cd chinh sIch lai ngp ngudi t l i gidi, thu hut nhan tai ve i lam viic 6 cic dja phuong. Be lam dugc dieu
nay cin day manh xa hdi hoa trong linh vyc dao tao ngudn nhan lyc. Huy ddng sUc manh ciia t o l n xa hdi nham tang them ngudn vdn de phat trien ngudn nhin lyc v l trong d i u t u xay dyng cac ca sd dao tao, td chUc cac loai quy khuyen hpc, khuyen tli... Ben canh dd, cac dja phuong cin chil ddng day manh san xuat, kinh doanh, djch vy v l phit trien nglnh nghe tao viec lam de thu hut ngudn nhan lyc.
Ket luan
Kinh nghiem thyc tien cho thiy phit trien ngudn nhin lyc II chia khda cho sy phit trien d mdi qudc gia. Trong dd gilo dye phd thdng la nen tang va gilo due bic cao la can thiet vl dp la sy ke't hgp glUa gilo dye phd thdng vdi gilo due nghe nghiep, ket hop giOa v i n hda v l tay nghe de hlnh thanh nang lyc thyc sy trong b i n than ngudi lao ddng. Do dd, cin phai day manh cdng tac dao tao va sU dung ngudn nhin lUc nham gdp phan phat trien kinh te - x l hpi tinh Quing Binh trong thdi gian tdi
Tfll UEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Kim Dung (2003), "Binh g i i chuang trinh hgc va mptvil de nghj chuan bi kiem djnh chugng trinh dcac trudng dai hgc Viet Nam", Ky yeu Hdi thio Xiy dyng chuong trinh dao tao dal hgc, Vien nghien cUu Giao due,Trudng Bai hpc SU pham, thinh phd Hd Chi Minh.
2. Nguyen Hal Thip, Pham Hdng Quang (2015), Nhdng vdn de chung vi chuang trinh ddo tao gido viln, Nxb Gilo dye. Ha Ndi.
3. Vin kien Bai hdi dai bleu fling bd tinh Quang Binh lan thUXVl, nhiem ky 2015-2020 4. Oy ban Nhan dan tinh QuIng Binh (2016), Bio cao so ket quy hoach phit trien nhin luc tinh QuIng Binh giai doan 2011- 2015 v l quy hoach phit trien ngudn nhan IUC ciia tinh giai doan 2011 -2020, Bio cao sd 157BC-UBND.
