No 08_June 2018|So 08 - Thing 6 nam 2018|p 15-20
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC TAN TRAO ISSN: 2354-1431
http://tckh .daihoctantrao,edu.vn/
Ngir am tieng Thai Lan trong su so sanh voi Tieng Vift
Nguyen Ttamg Laf
'PGS.TS, Trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hoc Xa hot vd Nhdn vdn Email: nguyentuonglai^xihoo.com
Thong tin bai viet
Ngdy nhgn bdi:
02/12/2017 Ngdy duyet ddng- 12/6/2018
Tit kkod:
Tieng Tkdi Lan, lieng Viet Nam, ngU dm.
Tom tat
Moi quan hfi gifia Thii Lan va Viet Nam den nim 2016 d i vfia hdn 40 nam, Trong 40 nim, qua nhu cau boc tieng Thii Lan cua ngudi Vifit Nam ngay cing dupc gia ting, Bao cao khoa hpc nay nhim gdp phan hd h o vific dgy v i hpc tilng Thai Lan dgt dupc hifiu qui tot. B i o cio md ta mdt so die dilm co ban v l mit ngfi im cfia tilng Thii Lan dong thdi tiln hinh so sanh vdi tilng Vifit d l neu ra nhttng diem tuong dong va khac bifit ve mit ngfl am cfia hai ngdn ngfl Nhthig van de duoc quan tim hong bio cao dd la. Cic hfi thing am vj phu am, nguyen am va thanh dieu cfia tieng Thai Lan, So sanh de phat hifin nhftng net tucmg dong va khac bifit v l cac hfi thing im vj phy im, nguyen am va thanh difiu gift tilng Thii Lan va tilng Viet
Tbii Lan va Vifit Nam da cd moi quan hfi ngoai giao den nim 2016 l i vua tron 40 nim. Moi quan hfi nay ngiy cing phat t n l n c i v l chieu rdng lln chilu siu. Ngoii m i l quan he ve chinh tri va kinh t l thi mil quan hfi v l van hda v i giio due ngiy cing dupc day manh Hien nay d Vifit Nam d3 cd nhilu hudng dgi hpc dua chuong trinh day v i hpc tieng Thai Lan vao chuong trinh d i o tao cfia minh v i hing nim d i c6 nhieu sinh vifin tot nghifip dai hoc bilt sfi dyng tot beng Thii Lan iam vific trong cac c a qyan ngogi giao v i cac cdng ty ed von diu tu cfia Thii Lan d Vifit Nam. Nhu ciu hoc tilng Thii Lan d Vifit Nam ngiy cang tang khong chi d trong c i c trudng dgi hpc ma cdn lan tda ra ca ngoai x3 hoi. De gdp phin ning cao thfim hieu qua cfia viec day va hoc blng Thai Lan danh cho ngudi Vifit Nam chiing tdi xm gidi thifiu hfi thong ngfl i m cfia tilng Thai Lan hong thi so sanh vdi blng Vifit nhim rfit ra nhthig net tuong dong va khic bifit, qua dd de xuat mdt s i each bien sogn bai giing v i cich hoc tieng Thai Lan sao cho cd kit qua tot nhit
Tilng Thai Lan cfing cd quan hfi nguon goc vdi ngdn ngft cfia c i c din tpc thudc nhdm Thai d Ddng Nam A, Nam Trung Quoe va Ddng B i c An Dd, Tuy
cac din tfic Thii cd dia ban cu trfi rdng Idn nhu viy nhung chi cd ngudi Thai d Thai Lan v i Lio l i xiy dung duoc quoc gia ddc lap ton tai cho den ngay nay, Dieu kien lich sfi ay da tgo cho tieng Thai Lan cd dupc mpt hen trinh phit tnen ngay cang hoin chinb de hd thanh ngdn ngft quoc gia vdi nhihig vai trd to Idn nhu nhieu ngdn ngfl quoc gia khic hen the gidi
Tilng Thai Lan ed cung mpt loai hinh ngdn ngft vdi tilng Vifit; do la loai hinh don lip Tilng Vifit tfi xa xua d i cd m l i quan he tilp xfic vdi cac ngdn ngfl thupc nhdm Thai cho nfin blng Vifit va hing Thii Lan Igi cang cd nhieu net tuong dong Hifin nay da s i cic nha ngdn ngft hoc deu coi tieng Vifit cd quan hfi nguon goc vdi c i c ngon ngft Mon - Khmer va sau nay tilng Viet da hep xfic vdi tilng Thai d Vifit Nam, chiu anh hudng tfi heng Thai ro nhat la ve c i c mit ngft im, tfi vung va cac co c b l ciu tao tfi Do dd, tieng ndi cfia ngudi Thii Lan va ngudi Vifit ducmg nhifin cd nhieu net tuong dong xuit phit tfi nguyen nhin cung loai hinh ngdn ngft v i su tilp xfic ngdn ngft gifia ngudi Viet vdi cac dong tdc cfia ngudi Thai Lan d Viet Nam D l thiy ro dilu niy, chfing ta h3y dit tieng Thai Lan hong the doi chieu so sinh vpi tieng Vifit, tfi do se thay duac khdng chi nhftng d i e
A'.r.Iai/No,08_ June 2018|p,15-20
dilm gilng nhau m i cdn ca nhflng die dilm neng d timg ngdn ngfl. Kit qua cua vific lam niy sfi la co sd de chung ta cd dupc nhflng giai thich xac ding khi nghifin cfiu cic van de ve ngfl am va tfi vyng tieng Vifit, dong thdi nd se giup chfing ta ed dupc nhflng phuang phap dgy v i hpc tilng Thii Lan cho ngudi Viet va tilng Vifit cho ngudi Thii Lan mpt each de ding va nhanh nhat.
Trong bai niy tdi sfi co ging dua ra nhfing hifin tuong tieu bilu nhat de Iam dan chfing v i phan tich nhim nfiu bit lfin nhftng dac dilm gilng va khac nhau gifla tilng Thii Lan v i tilng Viet vl mit ngft im hpc.
1 Tieng Thai Lan v i tilng Viet cfing thudc logi hinh ngon ngfi don Igp nhung chung lai gan giii nhau hon ea so vdi cac ngdn ngft don lip khic. Tmdc hit, hing Thai Lan va tilng Vifit la cac ngon ngfl don am hit tinh trifit dl, va thfi din l i ca hai ngdn ngft deu thupc loai ngdn ngft cd thanh difiu. Nhd cd hai d|c trung ngfl am nay ma tieng Thai Lan va tieng Vifit dupc xep vao cfing mdt nhdm hong npi bp cac ngdn ngfl don lip
Vdi die tmng l i ngdn ngfl don im tilt tinh nfin am hit cua tieng Thai Lan v i tilng Vifit cd mdt vai hd rat quan hpng va die bifit. Cung nhu tilng Vifit. am hit tilng Thii Lan cfing l i mdt don vj ngfl im cd tinh dpc Igp rat eao; do la hong tilng Thii Lan Idi noi dupc ndi ra bing mot loat cac am tilt tach bifit v i ro ring Ta cd thi nghe ngudi Thii Lan ndi mdt ciu nhu sau
luiiiuiJm luuiu^'n "dugi mrdc cd cd, trin dong co lua "
Cung giong nhu heng Vifit, cau niy duoc tgo thanh bing nhfing im tilt ddc lip nhu sau
[ ni i9 nam = mi pla na i9 na mi k'au9^]"
Dudi nudc cd cd trin dong cd Ida Ti^ vay, do ve sau nay heng Thai Lan chju inh hudng nhilu tilng PaU va Sansknt von thupc loai ngdn ngfl da tilt nfin d i cd mdt s6 hifin hipng gin vdi hifin hrpng noi am Vi dy cic tfi sau day von Ii hr thuin Thii nhung da dupc phat am theo kieu noi am fn*u
"con ve sau" , nlu dpc tiieo chfl vilt thi la [cak^j cin
^ Chung ldi dung cac ky hi^u phien am qufic te Si phien am tifng Thdi Lan, Ngoai ra de ghi c k thanh di^u ciia tieng lliai L ^ , chiing loi sd dyng cac ky hifu sau; Thanh tinmg duong viii Ihanh huyen ciia li^ng Vict c6 ky hifU 3 ; Thanh tuimg dinmg voi thanh sic cila tieng Vi|t CO ky hi?u = , Thanh tuong duong win thanh hoi ciia tieng V i ^ CO k;^ hieu & ; Thanh tuong duong vdi thanh ning cila tieng Vi^t cd ky hi?u \j , "Dianh TTio (Xieng Tho) c6 k;? hi?u "
Cac ky hlfu nay dugc dit ben trfn, 6 cuoi Im It^l.
3] nhung dpc dfing phii l i [ c i k u kacin 3]; C6 nghia la im cuoi [k] cfia im tilt [caku ] dupc phat am Up lai d4 kit hpp vdi nguyen i m [a] tgo tiianh mfit am tilt ludt [ka] noi vdi am tilt [can 3] Cung vgy, lfi
^mmv "eon chiu chiu" khdng phat im la [tik == tEn]
ma phit im la [tik == katEn] Hai trudng hop nay giong vdi trudng hpp ij«i "con gai" cd goc Pali va Sanskrit dupc phat am theo kilu n l i am la [butu tn ];
tfio la phy Sm cuoi [t] cua am h i t [butvj ] dupc nli vao am tiet sau [ri] thanh [tn] Mgc du vgy, cac hifin hrpng nay chi nhin tiiiy rd d chfl vilt cdn hong phit am thi ngudi Thai Lan vin c6 xu hudng phit am thanh cic im tiet tach rdi tuong duong nhau, vi du [caku kacin 3] tiii phat am l i [ c i k u ka cin 3], [tik = s katEn] thi phat am la [tik == ka tEn].
Cung cd the ndi ring da so gm tilt hing Thii Lan dlu c6 khi ning bieu hifin J nghia. Die dilm nay giong vdi tilng Vifit. Nhung neu ndi ring tat ci cic am tilt cfia tieng Thai Lan deu cd nghia (nhu da ndi vdi tieng Vifit) thi e ring khd cd the chap nhin dupc Theo tdi, thuc ra blng Thai Lan cung nhu tieng Vifit v i n l i hai ngdn ngft cd budc chuyin tfi da tilt sang don tilt, Bing chfing cfia no la cac am tiet thuan Thai hoic thuan Vifit khdng cd nghTa trong cic tfi da tilt vin dang ton tai d hai ngdn ngft niy vdi tu each la diu vlt cdn lai cfia mdt ngdn ngft da tilt. So lupng am tilt kilu nay d tieng Thai Lan cdn dupc gift Igi nhilu hen tieng Viet, Sau nay tieng Thai Lgn Igi hep xuc vdi cac ngdn ngft da het la tieng Pali, Sansknt roi cie ngdn ngft chiu Au khic nfta lim cho tilng That Lan dudng nhu b| da tilt hoi trd lai ^
Am tiet tieng Thii Lan cung ed mdt cau hfic chit che nhu im tiet tieng Vifit. Cu till, cau hfic im tilt tilng Thai Lan bao gom phan phu im diu vi phin van, trong phan van cd phin am chinh li vj tri cfia nguyen am va phin cuoi la vi tri cfia cic phy am kit thfic i m hit, hay ndi cho dung hon li vi tri xuat hifin nhftng each ket thuc am tiet khac nhau, Tilng Thai Lan cfing cd thanh difiu, vj hi cfia nd li bao trfim Ifin toan bp am h i t nhu tilng Viet,
c i u hfic im h i t tieng Thii Lan cd dilm khac vdi ciu hfic im tilt cfia tieng Vifit la hong phin van khdng cd thinh phan i m dem, Tieng Thai Lan cd am
' Theo th6ng ke ciia chiing toi thi v*i so luong 5.000 Hi tieng Thai U n nhting t i kiSu niky d3 chiem khoang 38.7% Xm xem: Que Lai.
Nhthig vin de c i l t*o lii lieng Thii Lan hifn dai - Nxb Khoa hgc x a hQi; Ha N$i; 1994 (Cac thdng U 1,2 va 3 Ir. 57)
Mr.I<ii/No08_June2018|p.l5-20
het kieu nhu m™ [k • • a t u ] "quet", giong nhu am het [ku99ati_'] "qugt" cfia tilng Viet D I I vdi tilng Viet cd the de dang coi am [u9] la tiianh phin am dfim cua am h i t ; nhung doi vdi tilng Thai Lan thi cd the khdng coi nhu viy Trong tilng Thai Lan am [u9]
niy cbi di vdi hai phy am l i [k] va [k'] do dd tin s i xuit hifin cfia no rat thap so vdi i m [u9] cfia tieng Viet von cd su kit hpp vdi nhily phy im khic nhau Vgy nfin eoi [u9] cfia tilng Thii Lan Ii ylu to mdi hda tgo thanh hai am vj phu am mdi hda [k •] v i [k'
• * ] . Nhu vay, tuy s i lupng i m vi cd ting Ifin 2 don vj nhung cau tnic im tilt cfia hing Thai Lan d i dan giin hon nhd vific lupc bdt di dupc mdt tiianh phin l i thinh phan am dfim. Nhu vay cau trfic am tilt tieng Thii Lan stS l i CVC hong khi ciu hfic am tilt tilng Viet Ii CWVC. "
2. Bi vao cu the tfrng thanh phan khac cua am tiet cbung ta se thay nbung net tirong dong va khac biet dirpc the hien nhu* sau:
2.1. He tkdng dm viphif dm dau
Phin diu cfia i m tilt tilng Tbii Lan la vi tri xuit hifin cfia 23 i m vi phu am don khic nhau v l vj hi va phuang thfic ciu i m Dd Ii c i c i m vi phu am nhu sau:
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Con tilng Viet thi cd 22 i m vj phu i m dau nhu sau. 5
Nhu v|y vl mit so luong tbi tieng Thai Lan va tieng Viet gan nhu tuong duong v l s i lupng am vi phy am diu ^ Nhung cu till se cd nhflng khac bifit sau
- Nhitng am vi phu i m diu cfia tieng Thii Lan khong cd hong tieng Viet: Dd la cac am vi /p/, / p7, /k
* / , / k ' « / v a / c 7
- Cd hai am vi so vdi hai im vj tuong fing trong blng Vifit thi chi khic nhgu mdt chfit ve vi tri cau am' dd la am vj /B/ cua Thai Lan l i im xit, hfin thanh, mdi mdi so vdi am vj M cua Vifit l i am xit, hitu thanh, moi ring, im vj / j / cua Thai Lan la am xat, hfiu thanh, m | t ludi so vdi am vi /z/ cfia Vifit l i im xit, hfiu thanh, diu ludi.
- Cd hai im vi khac nhau mfit chut v l phuong thfic cau am dd la am vj / k 7 cfia Thai Lan l i im glc ludi, tic, vd thanh, bgt hoi so vdi im vj / H / cfia Viet la im goc ludi, xat, vd thanh, khdng bit hoi; am vj / r / cfia Thai Lan la am diu ludi, lpi, rung so vdi i m vj /1 / cfia Vifit l i am dau ludi, quit, xit
Nhu tren da ndi, dfing d vi tri dau am hit cfia tilng Thii Lan cdn cd hai i m vj phy am mfii hoa la /k */ v i / k' */ YIU t l hdn mdi niy hong tieng Viet dupc xfi Iy la im vj tgo nfin mpt thinh phan cfia im tiet dupc goi la am dfim, Ngoai ra, tilng Thai Lgn cdn cd mot logt cac phy im kep (phy am hai tifiu dilm) dfing d vi tri dau am tiet cd gii tri am vi hoc dpc Igp Dd la c i c phu am kfip cd thinh to thfi hai Ii [r] hoac [1] [pi];
M , [ P'l], [ P'r]; M ; [kl], [kr]. [ k'l]; [ k'r] Ti^ng Viet hien dai khdng cdn c i c phy am kep dfing diu i m tiet nfla,
2.2. Hf thong dm vfphg dm vd bdn nguyen dm cudi L i logi hinh ngdn ngfi don lap don am tiet tinh, tilng Thai Lan v i tilng Viet cd phy am diu khong hoin toan giong vdi phu am culi Phu im cuoi khdng cd giai dogn hoi bgt ra ngoai tao thinh am tiianh nhu khi phat am eac phu am diu Ndi cich khac, ciing nhu tilng Vifit, cic phu im culi tilng Thai Lan dlu l i phu am ddng' Do cd die
Tam ghi ky hieu cho thanh phan am dem la w,
' Theo' Doiin Thi^n Thu|t, NgU- am udng Vi4i. Nxb D?i hgo Qufic gia Ha N^i, tai ttan liin thii 4, 2007, tr. 153
' Am tic hiiu / / / cflng co trong tieng Thai Lan va no cung xuat hi|n d V| Irl cu^j am ti^t Con trong (i^ng Vi^t thi am nay khdng xuat hien o V) tri cuoi am b e t Cung vay, am V) phu am diu / p / chi CO o cac iCr phifn i m Irong tilng Vi$t va phv am [ p ) chi xuit h i ^ d vi tri cuoi am liet vi vay tteng Viet khong c6 am vj phu am diu / p /.
' Die diem niy cflng d3 diroc nha ngon ngft hgc n ^ o i Thai Lan Ruoiig-d|t Pin-khuta-khai cho la m ^ trong nhttng die dilm chung ciia cac ngdn ngtt nhom Thii Xin xem IIBIM* IIW^BUIRD myinunisgnTnB nDiiruii(iniiiiug:'!HuiiiiiiflD)<aui>uun uiii^nDisDuiriin n|iiriii
17
N.TLai/Ho 08_June2018|p 15-20
dilm nay ma im tilt mdi dupe tieh ra thinh hmg khfic doan neng biet, Vay cd thi coi cic phy am culi la nhihig each khic nhau dl kit tiific Sm tilt Neu cic phu am dau cd cac phuong tiiitc ciu am ttii cac phy im cuoi lai cd cic phuang tbfic ngit am.
Trong tieng Thai Lan cd nhftng cich khac nhau dl kit tbfic im tilt Am tilt cd tbi dupc kit thfic bing cich thuin tuy nghi phat am; tfic li khi ket flific im bet, cac bd vj cau am khdng d vi tri cfia mpt phu am nio, do la am bet md b l u nhu «n [Ui] (mit); U [to] (to); S [mi] (cd); m[
t'e] (do dl),... Am tilt ciing cd the dupc kit thfic bing cac phuong thfie ngit am nhu bd vt cau am dimg Igi d v) tri phat am cac am tic mui [m], [n], [ N ], vi du. AIU [tam]
(theo), uiu [nan] (lau), YIM [t'aN ] (dudng, lli), bO vi ciu am dimg Igi d vi tri phat am cac am tic mieng [p], [t], [k], vi du: flu [to(pi_'] (tat). JH [patu](phfii), mn [le(k =](nhd);
bp vi can am dfing lai d vj tri cfia am tie hiu [/|, vi dy w:
[teCu] (di bong), bo vi cau am dfing lai d vj tri cfia cic ban nguyfin am [ u9 ] vi [ i9 ], vi dy iTn [k'au9 '^] (lua), fliu [ta i9] (chit) Nhfing each kit thfic im tilt nay duac coi la nhthig Sm vi dung d vi tri cuoi am bit. Ngogi trfi am VI / / /, cac am vi hfin diy cfia tilng Thai Lgn den cd hong tilng Vifit
Am vi /// xuit hifin rit nhilu trong cae am tilt v i cic tfi cfia tilng Thii Lan, tao nen mot d|c trung ngfl am neng bifit cho tilng Thai Lan. Am vi /// cd mat hong cic tfi don am tiet nhu: ims [kE(/u] (khic, cham); ims [kD(/u] (bam, dau), ,. v i co mit rat nhilu hong cic am het kieu nhU' [ k ' i / u ] ; [pri/u], [kri/u], [ m i / s ] , [p'r3/u]; v.v . Nhfing am tiet kieu niy dfing d vj tri dau trong cic tfi song tilt (ma ea hai am h i t deu khong co nghia) nhu dissi [pri/i-i cim] (thudng, thudng xuyfin), nismih [kra/u c'etu] (rau dfit); wsH [mi/ = 1 i(/ =] (hoa nhai); m:ifi [p'ri/ = cau9 '^] (Phgt, than, vua),, . Trong nhihig tfi thupc loai nay mpt s i Idn cac am tiet dau cd thi phit am thanh i m tilt ludt, vi dy nhu nS [k'a/vj di] (phuong difin); ua: [k'a/w na/u] (ific), CTBiB [ti/i_^ latu] (chp) cd thi phat am thinh [k'adi],[k'ana/u] vi [talatu], Nhihig tfi ndi tren day cd rit nhilu hong tilng Thai Lan, trong khi do khong he thiy cd hong tilng Vifit, nhung cung c6
the cho l i cfing mot dgng vdi cic tfi cd mfit so lupng rat it trong tieng Viet nhu, bii nkin, bo hdng, bo hdn, md cd, cd cuong...
2.3. Hf thdng ^n vf nguyen am
Phin am chinh cfia am tilt tieng Thii Lan ve mit ngfi am cd 9 cip nguyfin am don ngan dii nhu sau
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Nguyfin am ddi: Gom cd 3 am vi nguyen am doi dil l i / ie /• / ocfl) /. / uo / , "
Nhu vgy, phan im ehinh cfia blng Thai Lan va blng Vifit deu CO si luong cic nguyfin am don dai, ngin va nguyfin am doi dai nhu nhau Nhung diem khac li d cho so lupng cac am vi nguyen i m ngin. Tilng Viet cbi cd 2 im vj nguyfin im ngin /<!>(/; / a / cdng vdi 9 am vi nguyfin am dai trfin day tao thanh 11 im vi nguyen am don.* Trong khi dd tieng Thai Lan cd diim vi nguyen am ngin:/ i( /; / e( /; / oc{ /; / a /; / u( /; / o( / cdng vdi 9 am vj nguyfin im dii hen day tao thinh 15 im vj nguyen im don 3 nguyfin am ddi ngin li nhihig nguyen am chi xuit hifin hong cac am bet cd phin culi la im tic hiu ///, vi du WW [die/ = ] (mau, nhanh); fflos [podltV^] ; ii [cuo/ = ] Trong heng Thai Lan nhihig nguyfin im dfii ngin khong phii la nhflng im vi.
2.4. Hitbongthanh dieu Tilng Thil Lan cd tit c i S thanh, dd li' 1- Xilng Xi-min, tuong duong vdi thanh bing cfia tilng Vifit. Vi du" m [ma] (den), ui [na] (rupng);
«i [ta] (mit),
2- Xilng Efik , tuong duong vdi tiianh huyin cua tilng Viet Vi du: rii [da 3]
(chfii), i\ (k'a 3](rieng); m [p'a 3](che, xfi).
• Chung toi l?m diing dau g?ch ngang dat duoi cac k j hi?u ghi nguyen am doi,
' Theo Doin Thifn Thujil tiSng Vi^l con c6 2 £m vt nguy£n am ngin nfta la / E( / v i / D< /. Xem Doan Thi?n Thuat. sach iKl dan.
A^.7'.Lai/No,08_Junc2018|p, 15-20
i- Xilng Thd Vi du vt^i [na''] (mit), ui jBa'^]
(difin); i?i [ha'*] ( s i 5), Thanh nay khdng cd Irong tilng Viet nhung rat hay g i p hong tieng Thii Lan va tao thanh mdt d i e trung rieng cfia thanh difiu Thai Lan,
4 - Xieng Tri, t u o n g duong vdi thanh s i c cua tilng Vifit, Vi dy: qu [ku(i9 =]
(ma, qi^); fin [cuok = ](hing non); In: [to(/ =](cai ban) 5 - X i l n g Chit-ta-va, t u a n g duong vdi thanh hdi cfia tieng Vifit Vi du' h [ca &](oi,dg); \itn [dieu9
& ] (mpt lit, mpt luc); fi [tuo &](ve)
Tieng Thai L a n c d 5 thanh h o n g khi tilng Vifit cd 6 thanh Trong khi t i l n g Vifit khdng cd thanh T h d n h u cfia tieng Thai Lan thi tilng Thai Lan Igi khdng cd thanh n g i v i thanh n i n g cfia heng Vifit. Thuc ra tieng T h i i L a n cung cd thanh tuong d u o n g vdi thanh n i n g cua tieng Vifit nhung nd khdng cd gia tri a m vj hpc dpc Igp n h u thanh n i n g cua tilng Vifit; Nd la mpt h o n g hai bien the cfia thanh Efik, dd l i
- Thanh E e k tirong d u o n g vdi tiianh n i n g cfia Viet cd d i l m k i t thfic t h i p h o n b i n so vdi tiianh Efik hrong duong vdi thanh huyen, Thanh nay chi xuat bien h o n g cac am tiet m i phan cuoi cd cac am vj t i c mieng /p/, hi, fk/ v i t i c h a u ///. Vi du HIU [ h a p u ] (Ganh), iv [capKj] ( b i t ) ; DIB [ k ' a t u ] (rich); «« [ t a t u ] ( c i t ) ; <nn [takw](phoi); »rn [tik>j](mfic); K [ci/vj] (sfi). Rifing am VI /// cd dp t i c hpng mgnh b a n nfin lam cho cac nguyen am di cfing ludn l i nguyfin am n g i n va tiianh dieu k i t thuc nhanh va t h i p h o n cac trudng h o p cd c i c am VI /p/, /t/, /k/ Trudng h p p nay g i n giong vdi cac trudng hpp gpi I i i m tilt m d cd thanh n i n g trong h i n g Vifit,
- Thanh fiek tuong duong vdi thanh huyen nhu da mo ta tren day xuit hifin trong cac am tiet ma phan cuoi cd cac im vi tic mui hn/, /n/, / N / vi eac im vj bin nguyfin a m / u 9 / , / i 9 /
Ngoai ra trong tilng Thii Lan cdn cd mot biln the ciia tfianh Tn, dd li thanh Tri xuit hifin hong am tilt ed phin CUOI la am vj /// Am vi /// da lim cho thanh Tn trong hudng hpp nay cd dp tic hpng kha manh, nguyfin im di cfing ludn la nguyen im ngin. Vi dp: «: [mi/ =] (qua); BS [li/ =](mdi), KU:[T5/ = ja/ = ](dpt, khping), Thanh nay
giong nhu thanh sic cua tilng Vifit nhung ed dd tic hpng mgnh Tilng Vifit hoin toin khdng cd loai am bit vi thanh dieu kieu nay,
Nhihig die diem ngfl am khac nhau gifta blng Thii Lan va hing Vifit nhu d3 nfiu Iren day Ii nguyen nhan chinh lim cho ngudi Thai Lan va Vifit Nam g5p khd khin khi hpc tilng ndi cfia nhau, Ngudi hoc s5 phit im khd khin nhitng i m khong cd im tuong fing hong tieng me de. Vi viy cic sich hpc tilng cin bifin soan chfi trpng vao nhihig nfit khic bifit niy dl ngudi hoc Saqz tgp hung luyfin tap va lam quen nhanh vdi cic each phit im mdi lg Bii vilt niy chi mdi dua ra nhttng am vi cd hong tilng Thai Lan ma khdng cd hong tilng Viet nhim giup ngudi Viet Nam luu ^ khi hoc tilng Thii Lan va bien sogn cac sach hpc tieng Thii Lan Nhthig de xuit cy the ve phuong phap bifin soan vi hudng din luyfin tgp phat im tilng Thil Lan sS duoc chfing tdi trinh biy trong mpt dip khac
T A I U%V T H A M KHAO
1. Nguyen Tuong Lai (2014), Sdch hoc tiing Thdi Lan tgp 1, Nxb Dgi hpc Quoc gia H i Ndi;
2. D o i n Thifin T h u i t (2007), Ngit dm lieng Viit, N x b Dai hpc Q u I c gia H a N d i ;
3.nityiui uwnign KinuSmnwilmi
in TamTHu njamw YiK. 2540;
S.nmmv iTuiveuiInfl no ITTUI iufiiini IB s fra uu 5 luiflo VM ui n]4irin>i u.n laHdm,
d.ilOJHB iJuivouiiBB npTiJiiii'umtniiasT'wuinjuiyio'rf'aiin vm
nnuaiiminmi'trm
™,™ ™,i,.,.-™i,»
myvuKZQalm in jjMiinina'uiiiiwB nj^mm H
(June 2018|p 15-20
Thai phonetics in comparison with Vietnamese
Nguyen Tuong LaiArticle info
Recieved:
02/12/2017 Accepted:
12/6/2018
Abstract
Keywords- Thai language, Vietnamese, phonetics.
The relationship between Vietnam and Thailand has reached 40 years by 2016, Dunng the last 40 years, Vietnamese demand for leaming Tbai language has increased more and more. This report aimed to support the teaching and leammg of Thai langugge more effectively. The report mentioned basic characterishcs of Thai phonetics and at the same time compared the similarities as well as differences between the language and Vietnamese Focused areas of the report covered- Thai phonemes including consonants, vowels and tones; Comparmg and highlighting the similarities and differences between Thai and Vietnamese consonants, vowels and tones
