Tap chi Khoa hoc Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viel Nam - So 511141 .V20
4,2, Di nghi soan (Citrus sinensis L.) tai Dong Thap. Tap chi Klioa Hieu qua phdng trit benh thoi cuong trai cam '"'' ' ™»"^ £'("" '•"^ Can Tha. 54 (4B): 100-107.
sanh bSng bien phap phong tril se duac tien hanh ^iii Trieu Thuong, Tran B4 Linh, Nguyen Minh dieu Icien ngoai ddng. ^"l^fS. Mt Anh Thu, Nguyin Ng9c Thanh, 201S
Danh gia sfl bac mdu dat vudn trdng cam sanh dfla TAI 1 IFU THAM KHAO ^'^^^ '^'"^ ^^' ^^^ "^'"^ 'y* ^°^ '^^' '^' huyen Tam
, , , . , Bmh tinh Vinh Long. Tap chi Khoa hoc Cong nslii- Chung Thi Thanh Hong. 2015. Phan^ tich hieu qua mo ^^„^ „^;„.p ^--^ ^^^^ j ^ ^^5^^ JQ^J ,3 hinh sdn xuat cam sdnh tai huyen Tam Binh tinh
Vinh Long Luin van cao hpc nganh He thong Ndng Burgess L.W., Knight T.M., Tesoriero L. vi Phan Thuy Hien, 2009. Cdm nang chdn dodn benh cdy d Viel nghi?p. Vien Nghien eflu Phat trie"n Dong bdng sdng ,v^„, s;^^ ^^^^ bin Trung tam Nghien eflu Ndng Cflu Long, Trfldng Dai hpc Can Tho. nghiep Qudc te Australia. 210 trang,
Nguyen Thi Hoing Nii, Mai Nguyen Minh Tri, Doan Galsurker 0.,DiskinS.,MaurerD.,FeygenbergO. and Thj Kieu Tien, Van Quoc Giang, Nguyen Thi Thu Alkan N.. 2018. Fruit stem-end rot. Hortieulturae, Nga, 2018, Xic dinh lac nhin gay thdi eudng trai cam 4 (50): 1-16.
Identification and efficacy of pesticides on pathogen causing stem-end rot of king madarin fruits
Le Thanh Toan, Tran Thanh Dal Abstract
In recent years, stem-end rot of citrus fruits in general, of king madarin fruits in particualar has occurred and caused severe damage to farmers. The research results showed that among 10 fungal specimens isolated and purified from stem-end rot lesions of king madarin fruits in two districts Tam Binh and Tra On, Vinh Long province, the isolate of TB2 had the highest toxicity and was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, with coincidence index of 100% based on NCBI. The in vitro efficacy of some pesticides to C. gloeosporioides indicated that the treatment of Azoxystrobin + Fosetyl Aluminium -H Dimelhomorph had high inhibition rate, compared to the control one. The in vivo eiheacy of Azoxystrobin + Fosetyl Aluminium + Dimelhomorph to stem-end rot lesions showed that use of the pesticide al 1 and 5 days before pathogen inoculation Iimitted the lesion development.
Keywords: Anthracnose, madarin, pesticide
Ngiy nhan bai: 06/5/2020 Ngfldi phdn bien: TS. Le Qudc Dien Ngiy phan bien: 12/5/2020 Ngdy duyet dang: 20/5/2020
DANH GIA THVC TRANG CANH TAG CAM SANH TAI TINH VINH LONG
Tran Thi My Hanh'. Dang Qudc Chfldng', Nguyen Thi Cam Giang', Lflong Thi Duyen' TOM TAT
Ddnh gid thflc trang canh lde cam Sdnh tai tinh Vinh Long dflpc thflc hien tai huyen Tra On, Tam Binh, Vung Liem vi TP Vinh Long thong qua dieu tra 494 hp trong cam Sanh tfl thing 7/2018 den 6/2019, Ket qua eho thay ndng dan sfl dung goc ghep cam Mdt de Idm goc ghep chiem ty le cao nhat, 89.10% d cam Sdnh rupng (CSR) va .S5,8,S"o d cam Sdnh vfldn (CSV). Trung binh long sd cdy/ha cua eac rupng trong cam Sdnh la 4.234,9 cay/ha, trong khi d CSV dfltfc trong vdi mat dp la 1.864 cdy/ha. Khodng each hdng each hang tfl I - 1,4 m chiem li le cao 78,2.1",> d CSR, doi vdi khodng each CSV thi hang cdch hdng la 2,25 m vd cay each cay la 1,92 m, Ca hai hinh thflc canh tae CSR vi CS\' deu ap dung bien phap xfl ly ra hoa nghich vu chiem ty le rat cao 76,46% va 82,35%. Sd lan sfl dpng phan vd ctf vi hQu etf d kieu canh tde CSR la 14,6 Idn/nam vd 1,5 lin/nam. D61 vdi CSV sfl dung phin vd cd la 12,5 Idn/nim vd phin hflu ctf la 2,2 lan/nim. Trung binh lieu lflpng phan NPK bdn cho CSR la 5.818 kg/ha/nim trong khi CSV bdn 3.518 kg/ha/nam. Ddi vdi CSR benh vdng Id gan xanh (VLGX) vd nhen dd Id dich hai phd bien nhit chiem lan Iflot 43,4% vi 18,5%, trong khi CS\' thi siu ve biia 18,3% va benh VLGX chiem 41,9% la phd bien
• \ien Cdy an qua mien Nam
f^g '^•gneNO'-'g 'orLep •:'Nam-So5(114^2020
nhat. Nang sudt earn Sanh dat cao nhat la d nam thfl ba trung binh 38 tan/ha/nam d ^-y thu^n vi 75,0« u:.
d vy nghich ddi voi CSR. Ddi vdi CSV. nang suat cao nhat li d nam thfl tfl d^it 19,29 tan/ba/nani (vp thu.
thfl ba d vu nghich 26,18 tan/ha/nam.
Tfl khoa. Ciy cam Sanh, cam Sinh rudng, cam Sdnh \-fldn, hi^n t r ^ g san xuat l.DAl VANDE
Cam Sanh {Citrus nobilis Lour.) Id mdt trong nhieu toai cdy in qua chu lUc cda nfldc ta, cd lich sfl phat trien liu ddi vd dflpc trdng nhieu d Ddng bing sdng Cflu Long (DBSCL), tap trung tai cdc tinh Hiu Giang (11.698 ba), Vinh Long (9.804 ha) va Sdc Trang (3 S73 ha). Nim 2018, dien tich Cam d^t 44.000 ha, sin Iflpng tren 445.000 tan (Bd Nong nghi?p vi PTNT, 2019). Tai Vinh Long, viec trong cam Sanh mang lai hieu qud kinh te cao, de tieu thu nen nhieu ndng ddn da chuyen doi dat lua sang trdng cam Sdnh, hinh thdnh nhflng vung trdng cam Sdnh lip trung lai huyen Vung Liem, Tam Binh, Tra On vd TP. Vinh Long. Hi?n nay, ndng dan dang trdng cam Sdnh vdi mdt dp day vi dfltfc gpi Id md hinh "Cam rau" hay "Cam rupng" nham dat dflpc nang suat cao vd nhanh cho thu hoach. \'ice trdng cam Sdnh tren dat lua tai Vinh Long dang phat trien rat manh, chfl yeu tp phat, trong khi ndng ddn chfla cd nhieu kinh nghiem trong canh tic cam Sinb, chfla quan tim den ngudn goc ciy gidng, trong vdi mat dd day, la dieu kiC'n cho djch b^mh phit trien ddng thdi cdn la nguy Ctf d nhiem moi trfldng la ndi bin khodn cua nhieu etf quan ban ngdnh dia phflong. Chinh vi the, de bieu rd hi?n trang vi hieu qui cfla viec sdn xuat cay cam Sinh tren ddt rupng tai Vinh Long nen viee danh gii thflc trang niy dflpc thfle hien nham biei dflpc nhflng thudn Ipi vd bat Ipi trong canh tde CSR, lfl dd dfla ra cic giii phip phfl hop de phit trien eay cam Sdnh mdt cdch hieu qua vd ben vflng cho tinh VTnh Long.
IL DOI TUONG \A PHl'ONC PHAP NCHIfN CCU 2.1. Doi tupng nghien cdu
Cdc rupng vd vfldn cam Sinb tren dia bdn 4 huyen: Tri On, Tam Binh, Vung Liem va TR \Tnh Long. Phieu dieu tra ihu thdp thdng tin ve hien trang canh tic cam Sdnh, but, cic vat lieu can thiet khic.
2.2. PhUPng phap nghien cdu
2.2.1. Khdo sdt ddnh gid thUc trang canh tdc Cam Sdnh tai cdc ndng hg trong CSR vd CSV tren dia bdn tinh Vinh Long
So lieu stf cap: Sd heu sP cip dfldc thu thip bang each phdng van trflc tiep 494 ndng bp trdng CSR
(409 phieu) vd CS\' (S5 phieu) t^i 4 dia bdn huyfn Trd On, Tam Binh, Vung Liem \d TR \ l n b 1 '^"i^- ThUc hi^n phdng van theo phieu cdu hdi soan s.in va chia thdnh cic phan chinh (1) Thdng un ehung, (2) Gidng, (3) Ky thuat canh tic, (4) Bdo ve ihuc vdt, (5) Thu hoach. Doi tflpng dUpc chpn Id ngfldi trifc tiep tham gia vdo hoat ddng san xudt bode ngfldi trflc tiep dfla ra quyet dinh trong qud trinh san xuat
\i nhflng ngfldi ndy cd khd ning cung cap thdng tin chmh xdc vd cu the ve hoat dpng sdn xuat cfla hp.
Ddi vdi phdng van ndng din trdng CSR ip dung phUdng phip lay mau ngau nhien phdn lang so sdnh gifla 2 nhdm CSR (mat dp trong day tren 2,000 ciy/ha, dflpc trdng tfl rudng Ida hoac cdy ngin ngiy chuyen doi) va CSV (mat dp trong thfla dfldi 2.000 cdy/ha, cam Sanh dflpc trdng tren hep cao vd trong co djnh liu nam trfldc ddy da trong cam Sanh hoac cay in qua). Phdn tang theo dp tuoi vfldn cay (3 tang:
Nhdm nhflng vfldn cd dp tuoi tfl 1 - 2 tuoi, nhdm nhflng vfldn 3 - 4 tuoi, nhdm nhflng vfldn tfl 5 tuoi trd len). Ddng thdi, ddnh gia mdc dp cac hd sdn xuat tiep can cdc chinh sdch, ho trp cfla Nha nfldc va dia phflpng trong san xuat CSR.
2.2.2. PhUdngphdp phdn tich dvt lieu
Sfl dung phfltfng phap thdng ke md ta de neu len ihflc trang san xuat cua ndng hd.
Sd heu ve cdc chi tieu dieu tra dflpc xfl ly bang chfltfng trinh Microsoft Office Excel.
2.3. Thdi gian va dia diem nghien cdu - Thdi gian: Tfl thdng 7/2018 den thdng 6/2019.
- Dja die'm: Dieu tra, thu thip thdng tin chu yeu dflpc thfle hien tren dia bdn xi Trd Cdn, Hflu Thanh, Thdi Hod, Hoi Binh, Tan My thupc huyen Tra On;
xi Ngai Tfl, Binh Ninh. Loan My, My Thanh Trung vd Hod Hiep thudc huyen Tam Binh; xi Hieu Thanh, Hieu Nghia vd Trung Hiep huyen Vung Liem; xi Tan Ngai thupc huyen TR VTnh Long.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Khio sat danh gia thflc trang canh tac cam Sanh tai tinh Vinh Long
3.1.1. Thong tin chung
Qua ket qud dieu tra ghi nhin mpt M', ilirm,, n chung ve sdn xuat nhfl sau:
Tap chi Khoa hocCc • ong ngniep Vie! \om -So ill '4i'2020
Qua ket qua d Hinh 1 cho thay da so cac hp trong theo kieu CSR deu trong dpc canh chiem ty Ie cao nhat 85,26%. Dot vdi CSV ty le trdng doc canh
11=
Dpc canh Xen canh
• ( jm Minh njQng • Cam sanh vuoti
Hinh 1. Hinh thflc trdng Cam Sdnh Qua dieu tra d hinh 2 cho thay d CSR dien tich cam Sdnh 0,2 - 0,4 ha/hd la cao nhat chiem 56,89%, ke den dien tich 0,5 - 0,7 ha/hd chiem 27,79%, trong dd vdi 87% dien tich dat trdng cam Sdnh thudc sd hflu cua ndng dan, cdn lai 13% la dat ndng dan thue de trdng cam Sinh thfldng thue vdi thdi han 5 nam la chiem da sd. Ddi vdi cac hd CSV thi dien tich 0,2 - 0,4 ha/hp chiem 63,53%; 28,24% sd hp cd dien tich tfl 0,5 - 0,7 ha, chi cd 8,23% so hp cd dien tich tren 0,8 ha/hp vi todn bd dien tich dat trdng cam Sinh thupc quyen sd hflu cua ndng ddn khdng thue mfldn.
Tai tinh Sdc Trang, ket qui dieu tra cho thay dien tich trdng cam Sdnh ed dien tich tren 0,5 ha/hd chiem 69,6% so hp dieu tra) tuy nhien van cdn phdn tdn manh mun khdng tip trung (Dang Ly Tfldng, 2014).
Hinh 3. Nguon goc mua gidng ban ddu 3.1.2. Kythuat canh tdc
a) Thiet kevUdn
Qua ket qui dieu tra d bang 1 cho thay d CSR chieu rpng liep trung binh la 2,93 m, hau het bd con trdng 2 hang tren liep.chieu cao md trung binh 0,40 m, chieu cao mflc thuy cap vdo mua mfla vd mua nang trung binh Id 0,43 m va 0,49 m. Dieu nay
chiem ty le 70,?9°o va trong xen canh chiem ty I^
29,41°o so hddieu tra.
0.2-0.4 0.5-0.7 O.S
• Cam sanh ni(ing • Cam sanh vinm
Hinh 2. Dien lieh trdng Cam Sanh Qua dieu tra d hinh 3 cho thay d CSR da sd cac hp mua gidng cam Sdnh trdi noi khdng rd ngudn gdc cp the (chi biet Id d Ben Tre) chiem 73,49% vd 26,51%
mua cdy gidng tai cac cP sd ban cdy giong cd ngudn goc d Vinh Long. Ddi vdi cac hp CSV thi ndng ddn cung mua gidng chu yeu la giong trdi noi tfl Ben Tre ehdsangchiem 64,71% vi 35,29% sd ndng hd cdn lai mua gidng cua dia phflpng tai Vinh Long.
Phflpng phap nhdn giong cay cam Sdnh chfl yeu bdng gdc ghep cam Mat chiem tyle cao nhat 89,10%, cdc hp nhdn gidng bdng goc ghep chanh Volka chiem ty le thap trung binh khoang H),9% d CSR. Ddi vdi CSV thi cflng tfldng tfl cd den 85,88% sd hd sfl dung goc cam Mat de ghep len cay cam Sdnh vd 14,12% Id sfl dung gdc ghep chanh Volka (Hinh 4).
Hinh 4. Gdc ghep cay gidng Cam Sdnh cho thay da sd rupng cam Sdnh thfldng bj ngap nfldc nen de bi benh vdng la thoi re (VLTR). Theo ket qud thi mil liep trdng cam Sdnh tai Vinh Long la 2,72 - 3,51 m nho hdn chieu rdng mat liep tai Hdu Giang li 4 - 5 m, tai Soc Tring dfldi 6 m (Vd Thi Gfltfng vd ctv., 2009; Dang Ly Tfldng, 2014).
•. C6r,anahe\-:'^ ' z" - r B i n g !. Thiet ke \-fldn/rupng cam Sanh
d linh VTnh Long
Chi tieu
Chicu rdng hep (m) Chieu cao md (m) Chieu d i i liep (m) Chieu cao mflc thuy cap so vdi m i l hep vao mua mfla (m) Chieu cao mflc thuy cap so m^t liep vao miia ndng (m) vdi
C a m S i n h r u p n g 2,93 0,40 188,1 0,43
0,49 C a m Sanh
\'fldn 3,52 0,44 120,9 0,55
0,62
h) Mat do trong
Q u a k h i o sdt g h i n h a n t r u n g bii c i y / h a dflpc c i c n d n g h p CSR l?i \ i . 4-234.9 c i y / h a . Cac h p c a n h t i c t h e o td]
v d i sd c i y t r u n g b i n h la 1.864 cdy/ha ti q u a n g h i e n cflu c u a Cunniffe v i c p n g l a . g h i n h i n m a t sd cay t r o n g i n h b u d r t n i d n g , p h i t trien, n a n g suat v i c h i t kn- Sdnh, gidm m a t d p cua cay t r d n g d a n d e sd c d a b ? n h h ^ . T h e o N g u y e n Bdo Vc ^ P h o n g (2011) m a t so c i y c a m S i n h duo^
Id 1.100 c i y / h a .
n C S \ ' 5). Ket n ( 2 0 l 4 )
nil mat Tlianh
\ en c i o
I
Hinh 5. Tong sd ciy cam Sinh (cay/ha) Kcl qud dieu tra Hinh 6 cho ihay khodng each trdng cam Sdnh t h e o kieu CSR tfl >1 - 1,5 m chiem ty Ic e a o nhal 67.73"!). ke den Id k h o i n g cdch trdng tfl > 1,5 - 2 m c h i e m 23.72% sd h p dieu Ira. Ddi vai Ccie hd t r o n g t h e o kieu truyen t h o n g CSV thi khoang each t r d n g thfla htfn, i r o n g d o k h o d n g each trdng chiem ty le n h i e u n h a t l i ^ 2,5 m chiem 43.53''o
B i n g 2. Tbdi diem xfl ly ra hoa cam Sanh dau lien l^i \Tnh Long
Thdi diem sau khi Irong
< i 2 thdng sau khi trong
> 12 18 t h i n g sau khi trong
> 1 8 - 2 4 t h i n g sau khi trong
> 24 - 30 t h i n g sau khi trong
> 30 t h i n g sau khi trong
Thdi d i e m xfl ly ra b o a d a u tien eho cdy CSR tai Vinh I o n g Id tai thdi diem 12 t h i n g sau khi trdng c h i e m t\ le eao n h i t eO.SS'V. lfl tren 1 2 - 1 8 t h i n g c h i e m 24.69%. tfl t r e n 1 8 - 2 4 thdng chi chiem
!4,4""o Ddi vdi C S \ ' ihdi gian b i t d a u xfl ly ra h o a khi edv dfl d p tudi lfl 24 • 30 t h d n g chiem ty le cao nhal 4",05".> (Bang 2) N h u vdy. ihdi diem xfl ly ra h o a ldn d a u tren cdc r u p n g cam sdnh tai Vinh Long la s d m h d n so voi C S \ ' vd so vdi k h u y e n cdo.
C a m Sanh r u p n g (%) 60.88 24.69 14.47
Cam S i n b vUdn(%)
0 5,SS 41.18
Hinh 6. Khodng cdch trong cam Sdnh c) Tmh hinh sti dung hiiu cd
Ndng ddn trong CSR tai tinh Vinh Long b d n p h i n hflu ctf tfl I - 2 l a n / n d m , t r u n g b i n h Id 1,5 l a n / n a m vdi lieu Ifltfng Id 3,92 t a n / h a / n a m t h a p htfn so vdi cdc bd trdng CSV 2,2 l a n / n i m va lieu Ifltfng 5,50 t a n / h a / n i m (Bdng 3) va t h a p h d n rat n h i e u so vdi k h u y e n c i o Id 10 t a n / h a (Vd Thi Gfltfng vd ctv., 2016), Dieu nay rat can dfltfc lflu y vi b o n p h a n hflu ctf sc giflp n a n g cao hoat d d n g vi sinh vat dat (Vd Thi Gfldng v i ctv., 2010), dnh hfldng cd lpi d e n t i n h chat v i t ly dat v i hda hoc dat (Guidi et ai, 2013). Viec sfl d u n g mdt lflpng t h a p p h a n hflu c a , ed the a n h h f l d n g bat Itfi den sinh trfldng, p h a t t n e n cua cay c a m Sanh.
Ket qua ndy ed the d o n d n g ddn chfla d a n h gia d u n g lam quan trpng vd lpi ich cua '.KC ,fl d u n g p h a n hflu Ctf nen k h d n g c h u t r p n g b d n :i!,an ni\ ri c h o rudngcam Sdnh.
Bang 3. Tinh hinh sfl dung phar. 'luu ca eho earn Sanh d tinh Vinh LOIIL- P h i n b d n C a m Sanh
r u p n g So lan hdn/nam 1,5 Lieu luung t a n / h a / n i m 3,92
'fnSanh
^'fldn 2,2
\S0
Tap chi Khoa hoc Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viei Nam -So 5(1141/2020
d) Tmh hinh sUdungphdn vo cd
Ket qud dieu tra d bing 4 cho thay cac hd ndng dan trdng cam Sinh d tinh Vinh Long sd dung phin bdn khdng cin ddi gifla cic ham Iflpng dam, lan vi kali. S6 lan bdn phan cho cay cam Sanh trung binh la 14,6 lan/nim d CSR vi 12,5 lan d CSV. Trung binh ciy CSR vi CSV dieu tra d dp tuoi 2 - 3 nam tuoi trung binh vdi Iflpng phan bdn sd dung la N-P-K lan lupt 5.818 kg vd 3.518 kg, ure 964 kg vd 615 kg, DAP 1.331 kg va 885 kg va kali la 522 kg va 321 kg/ha/
nim trong khi theo khuyen cao cay cam Sanh 2 - 3 nam tudi chi bdn trung binh 1.875 kg NPK/ha/nam.
Bang 4. Tinh hinh sfl dung phdn vd cO cho cam Sinh d tinh Vinh Long
Loai phan b6n
Ure DAP Kali NPK So lan bon/nam
Lieu Ii<<;ng (kg/ha/nam) CamSanh
ruong 964 1.331 522 5 818
14,6
Cam Sanh vtiifn
615 885 321 3.518
12,5 3.7.3. Tinh hinh sdu benh hqivd biin phdp qudn ly
Ket qui dieu tra d bang 5 ghi nhan tren tat ca cdc vUdn ndng din ghi nhan cdc ddi tfltfng sdu benh hai Irong dd benh VLGX va nhen dd Id pho bien nhat chiem lan Iflpt 43,4%vd 18,5% d CSR, tuy nhien d CSV ghi nhan benh VLGX vd siu ve bfla Id pho bien nhat chiem ti le 41,9% va 18,3%.
Bing 5. Tmh hinh giy hai cua cac loii siu, henh hai pho bien tren vildn cam Sinh Dich hai
Ty le ga CamSdnh
ruong Sdu hai
Nhen dd Bo tri Ray chong canh Ray mem Rep sap Sau due qua RUDI due qua
Sdu ve biia Benh hai VLTR VLGX Xi mu than Loet Gh^ nham
18,5 16,5 15,7 17,7 16,6 15,2 14,8 17,3
38,4 43,4 24,7 18,3 19.0
hai(%) CamSdnh
vudn
16,5 14,4 13,9 18,0 14,4 14,9 14,2 18,3
35,7 41,9 21,4 16,8 13,2 3.1.4. Tmh hinh thu hoach
Ning suit cam Sanh: Ket qud dieu tra Bing 6 ghi nhan ddi vdi CSR, nang suit dat cao nhat la d nam thd ba trung binh 38 tan/ha/nam d vu thudn vd 75,08 tan/ha/nam d vu nghich, ke den Id nam Ihfl tfl ning suat dat trung binh 38 tan/ha/ndm d vu thuin, 61,47 tan/ha/nam d vu nghjch. Doi vdi CSV, nang suit cao nhal Id d nim thfl tfl d vu thudn dat 19,29 vi d n i m thfl ba dvu nghich 26,18 tan/ha/nim.
Niim thu hoach Vuthudn Nam thtt 1 Nam thijt 2 Nam thii 3 Nam thii 4 Nam thif 5 Nam thif 6 Vu nghich Nam thil 1 Nam thif 2 Nam thii 3 Nam thif 4 Nam thif 5 Nam thif 6
Bang 6. Nang suat cam Sanh cit. tilng do tuo N a n g suat c a m Sanh giai Cam Sdnh rudng So ho
25 92 30 15 90
24 122 63 58 27
Nho nhdl 19 10 20 20 10
20 20 30 35 20
icin nhat 28 100 110 80 30
29 110 120 90 55
Trang binh 23,40 33,21 38,00 38,00 20,00
23,00 59,06 75,08 61,47 37,78
cay d vu thuan va vu nghich doan k i n h d o a n h (tan/ha)
Cam Sdnh viidn So ho
41 29 23 7 5 3
45 31 22 7 4 2
Nho nhdt 7 4 4 15 8 14
8 15 19 20 16 14
Ldn nhal 17 18 26 23 19 16
23 30 40 28 22 15
Trung binh 12.66 13,09 17,55 19,29 16,20 15,33
15,51 21,98 26,18 22,86 19,00 14,50 Ghi chu- Ndm thd 1 Id ndm bdt ddu cho Ihu hoach qud.
IV. K E T 1 C . \ N \ \ D E N G H ! 4.1. Ket luan
Ket q u i dieu tra 494 h p san xuat CSR vd C S \ ' tai t i n h Vinh Long, ghi n h i n : \'e dien tich t r d n g CSR vd C S \ ' chfl yeu tfl 0,2 - 0,4 h a / h d la chfl yeu, c h i e m t\- le lan lupt 56,89% vd 65,53% Sd d u n g goc g h e p c a m .Mdi chiem ty le cao nhat 89,10% vd S5.SS",, d CSR vd C S \ ' C h i e u rdng h e p t r u n g b i n h 2,95 vd 3,52 m, chieu c a o m d 0.4 vd 0,44 m lan Ifltft d CSR vd C S \ '
T r u n g b i n h tdng so c i y / h a cua CSR la 4.234,9 c a y / h a \ a C S \ ' Id 1 864 cdy/ha. Khoang cdch h a n g c i c h b i n g tfl I -1,4 m chiem ty le ao TS.24°6 ddi vdi k h o a n g cdch CSV thi h a n g c i c h hdng l i 2.25 m v i cdy c i c h c i y la 1,92 m
Cd hai h i n h thflc canh tdc CSR vd C'S\' deu i p d p n g bi?n p h i p xfl ly ra hoa nghich vu chiem ty le rat c a o 76,l(-i'\i va 82.35%. So lan sfl d u n g phdn vd CP vd hflu CP d kieu canh tae CSR la 14,6 I d n / n i m va 1.5 l a n / n i m . Ddi voi C S \ ' sfl d u n g phdn vd cp Id 12,5 l a n / n a m vd phdn hflu ctf Id 2.2 l a n / n i m . Lieu Iflpng phdn NPK b d n c h o CSR la 5 818 k g / h a / n i m t r o n g khi C S \ ' b d n 3.518 kg, ha; ndm.
Ddi vdi CSR n h d m ddi lfldng sdu hai phd bien la n b ^ n d o (lS.5'\il, doi vtfi n h d m b e n h hai thi b e n h
\ ' i ( i \ la p h d bien nhat c h i e m 43.4"ii Ddi vdi C^S\' n h d m sdu b^i p h d bien nhat la sdu ve b u a 18,3°y, b e n h bai p h d bien nhat van Id \ LGX chiem 41,9"o.
Ndng suat cao nhdl Id d n a m Ihfl ba Irung binh 38 l a n / h a / n d m d v u t h u d n v i 75.08 tail ha i i c u n d v u nghich d CSR Ddi vdi C S V n a n g s u i t cao nhat Id d n a m thfl lfl d v u t h u d n dat 19,29 \ a ndm t h d ba d v u n g h i c h dat 26,IS t a n / h a / n d m .
Production status of King mandarin in Vinh Long province
Tran Tlii .My Hanh, Nguyen Thi Cam Giang.
Dang Quoc Chuong, LflOng I h i Duyen Abstract
.-\ survey on the status o t King mandarin larming m N'mh Long province was conducted in Tra On, Tam Binh, Vung Liem districts and \'inh Long city from | u h 201S to |une 2019. 'Ihe survey was performed on 49 i imnseholds planting King mandarin. The results sho\^ed thai farmers who used Mat orange variety as the rootstock was the highest proportion of 89.10% in King mandarin planting in field condition (KMPFC) and 85.88% in King mandarin planting in orchard condition (KMPOC. The average ot total number of trees/ha of KMPFC was ! 1M9 irees/ha while K M P O C was planted with a density ol l,SCi4 irees/ha 'Ibc distance between row and un-. w,., I - ] 4 m accounting for high rate of : s 2V\. in KMPFC; Both K.MPF<: and KMPOC practices had floral induction with high rates ot ~b 46% and S2 3?"<>. The limes using inorganic and organic fertilizers in K.MPFC were 14 6 times/year and 2 2 t i m e s \ c a r 'Ihe application of inorganic fertilizers was 12.5 times/year and of organic k-rtih/,.rs w i s ,^ S times/year in K.MPOC Tlic average dose of N-P-K fcrlili/.es m KMPFC was 5.81K kg/ha/year fertih/ev using in K.MPOC uav 3.518 kg'ha/year For pesis aiiaeking King mandarin trees, the resuli greening disease and citrus red mite Panonychus citn occurred most commonly with 43 4'^.. and 18.5'' in KMPFC. \%hi!e K.MPOC occurred of citrus leaf miner Phylkniusli:, cilrella of 18 3% and green 41 '»% \Nere most common The highest yield of King mandarin u a s at ihe third year averaging 38 u
4.2. D e nghi
T d nhflng h^n c h e dflpc n e u ra t r o n g b.i ' »' ^'^^
cd nhflng giai phdp khSc p h y c d e sdn xudt s .'in Sanh tai t i n h V i n h Long d u p c an t o i n v a b e n MV e hon T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
Cue T r o n g trpt. 2019. Hi^n trang v i dinh huone. phit trien ben vflng cay an qua cdc linh phia Nam Trong HOI nghi Thiic ddy phdt tnen ben viTn\: ..iv an qud Long An 3/2019: 1-19.
Vo Thj Gfltfng, Nguyen i\ly H o a , C h i u Minh Khdi, T r a n Van D u n g v i Dfltfng Minh \ i c n 2016. Qudn ly do phi nhieu dat vd hieu qud sU dung phdn bon d Dong bdng song CUu Long. Nha xuat ban Dai hpe Can Tho.
Vo Thi Gfltfng, Ngd Xuan Hien, Hd Van I h i e t v i DUPng M i n h . 2010. Ciii thien sU suy gidm do phi nhieu hoa ly vd sinh hoc ddt vUdn cdy Un trdi d Dong bdng song Ciiu Long. Nhd xuat b i n D41 hpc Can Thtf.
92 trang.
Dang Ly TUdng, 2014 Dieu tra hien trgng canh tdc cam Simh (Citrus nobilis var typical Hask) lai mgt so viing chuyen canh cua tinh Soc Trdng. Ludn van tdt nghiep, Dai hpc Can Thtf.
Nguyen B i o V e v i Le T h a n h P h o n g , 2011. Cdy an Irdi.
Nha xual bdn Dai hoc Can Thtf. 205 trang.
Cunniffe, N.L, Laranjeira, F.F., Neri, P.M., D c S i m o n e , R.E. and GilUgan, C.A., 2014 Cost-Effective Control of Plant Disease When Epidemiological Knowledge Is Incomplete: Modelling Bahia Bark Sealing of Citrus. PLOS Computational Biology, 10(8); 1-14.
If N p K Puuvely
Tap cni Khoa noc Cc • g -gne Nong ngmep Vie; \a' -i6 5i"4' :02C mam sea.son and 75.08 tons/ha/year in ofT season in KMPFC while in KMPOC the highest produeiivity was at the fourth year, reaching 19.29 tons/ba/year in main season and the producti\it\- in otTseason was 26 18 lons/ba/year at the third year.
Ke> words- King mandarin tree, King mandarin planting in field. King mandarin planting in orchard, production situation
Ngdy nhin bdi: 27/4/2020 Ngj\ phdn bien: 12/5/2020
Ngfldi phan bien: TS. Vd Hflu Thoai Ngay duyet dang: 20/5/2020
HOAT TINH K H A N G KHUAN CUA CAO CHIET CHLM NG.\Y KHANG VI KHUAN Vibrio spp.
GAY B £ N H T R £ N TOM THE CHAN TRANG TRONG DIEU K I £ N IN VITRO
Nguyen lb] Hong Nhi' T O M TAT
Hoat tinh khdng khudn cua cao chiet lfl hat, hoa vd Id ehiim ngay khang vi khuan Vibrio spp. gay b^nh dfloe ihfl nghiem tren tdm the chdn tring (Litopenaeus vannamei). Hoat linh khdng khuan. ndng dp fle che ldi thieu IMK").
nong dp di^t khuan toi thieu (MBC) cua cao chiet tfl hat. hoa va la ehum ngay diidc thfl nghiem tren hai chung vi khuan gdy benh eho tom nudi (Vibrio parahaemolyticus vd Vibrio vulnificus). Kel qua eho thay hoat tinh khdng khuan Vibrio parahaemolyticus vdi dfldng kinh vdng khang khuan ciia cao chiet tfl hat chiim ngdy 20,7 mm. eao ehi^l tfl hoa chiim ngay 17,3 mm va eao chiet tfl la chum ngay la 15,3 mm Hoat tinh khang vi khuan Vibrio vulnificus eua cao chiet tfl hat, hoa vi Id chiim ngiy lan Ifltft Id 22,33 mm, 14,67 mm va 18,33 mm. Ddi vdi vi khuan Vibrio parahaemolyticus eao chiet tfl hat, hoa vd Id chum ngdy cd gid tri Mlc; Ii 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL; .MBC ia
10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL. Kel qud eung xdc dinh hieu qud ddi vtfi vi khuan Vibrio vulnificus gid Iri MIC ciia eao chiet tfl hat, hoa vd Id chiim ngay Id 2,5 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL; gia tri MBC Ifltfng flng li 5 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL. Ket qud nghien cflu khang dinh hoat tinh khang khuan eua eao chiet lfl hat chiim ngay tren vi khuan Vibrio parahaemolyticus vd Vibrio vulnificus manh htfn so vdi eao ehiel ifl hoa va la chum ngiy.
Tfl khda: Cao chiet chum ngdy, hoat linh khdng khuan. Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Vibrio vulnificus I. DAT VAN DE
T'rong nganh nudi tdm hien nay, cdc benh truyen nhiem do cic loai vi khuan Vibrio spp. giy ra thiel hai ding ke ve kinh te vd Id nhflng thach thfle ldn ddi vdi nghe nudi tdm cua nfldc ta. Vi khuan Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Vibrio vulnificus. Vibrio mimicus.
Vibrio cholerae la nhflng lodi vi khuan gdy hai chinh cho tdm nudi trong dieu kien mdi trfldng nudi thieu sfl kiem soat chat che (Brilhante et ai, 2015), Hien nay, cdc bien phap ngan chan sfl phat trien cfla vi khuan Vibrio spp. gdy benh tren tdm thfldng Id sd dung hda chat, khang sinh hay dp dung cac bien phip sinh hoc. Viec sd dung thudc khang sinh trong dieu tn cic benh truyen nhiem do vi khuan gay ra dd dan den sfl phat trien cfla nhieu chflng Vibrio spp.
khdng thudc. De han che tinh trang khing thuoc cua cdc chung vi khuan, hien nay cd rat nhieu nghien cflu sfl dung thio dfldc nham fle che sfl phit tnen cua vi khuan, tang cfldng mien dich giup torn cd tang trfldng lot {Brilhante et ai, 2015; Dotta el ai, 2014, Kaleoaftfl/., 2019).
d nhieu nfldc tren the gidi cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien cflu sfl dung chiet xuat tfl cac loai cay khdc nhau de dieu tn vi khuan giy benh (Snoussi et al, 2016; Sayeed et al, 2012, Dotta etai, 2014), Cic hoat chat cd trong thflc vat cd khd ndng khing khuan vd chdng oxy hda, Hoat ddng khdng khuan cua mpt sd chat cd trong thflc vat cung nhfl xac dinh viec sfl dung cdc chat chiel xuat thu dflpc tfl cay thude Id rat quan trpng (Nair and Chanda, 2006). Chflm ngdy dfltfc sfl dung rpng rdi de dieu tn benh gdy ra do vi khuan, nam, kha nang chong viem, suy dinh dfldng.
Tdc gid Rahman vd cpng tdc vien (2009) da phal hien trong chiim ngdy ed eac chat chdng oxy hod tfl nhien nhfl ascorbic acid, ilavonoid, phenol vd carotenoid.
Them vdo dd, tic gia Fahey (2005) cflng cho thay mpt so bp phin la, hoa, hat cua chum ngiy cd nhieu hoat chat khang khuan vd nam. Neu sd dung cdc bp phan cua cdy chum ngay trong dieu tri benh nhiem khuan se ed nhieu flu diem nhfl re tien, hieu qud phong benh cao. khdng dnh hfldng den ddi iflpng nudi vd mdi trfldng sinh thai tao ra cic sdn pham dat ' Khoa Ndng nghiep - Thiiy sdn, Trfldng Dai hoc Trd Vinh
