Danh gia mu'c do
tao dong li/c lam viec doi v6i can bo Trung tam Phat trien Lam nghiep Ha Noi
PHAM THI MAI PHCldNG*
Tom tat:
Tren casd khdo sdt 285 cdn bd, cdng nhdn vien trong Trung tdm Phdt triin Ldm nghiep Hd Ndi, tdc gid ddnh gid mUc do tgo dgng Iffc ldm viec ddi vdi cdn bg, cdng nhdn vien Trung tdm vd chl ra rdng, nhdn tdtdc dgng nhiiu nhdt tdi ddng luc ldm viec Id cdc nhdn tdphi tdi chinh, ddc biet Id nhan td ddo tgo vd phdt trien. TU dd, tdc gid dua ra nhffng gidi phdp khuyin khich ddng Iffc ldm viec c&a ngudi Iao ddng tgi Trung tdm ndy.
Tifkhoa: Trung tdm Phdt triin Ldm nghiep Hd Ngi, dgng Iffc ldm viec, qudn tri ngudn nhdn Mc
Summary
Based on a survey of 285 officials and employees working in Ha Noi Forest Development Centre, the author evaluates their work motivation and shows that non-financial factors, especially training and development, create the strongest impact. Since then, solutions are made to encourage their work motivation.
Keywords: Ha Noi Forest Development Centre, work motivation, human resource management
GIC(I THIEU C(^ SCJ LY THUYET
VE TAO DQNG UfC LAM VIEC Thtfc te' cho tha'y, chu trtfdng cai each
hanh cbinh nham thuc day pbat trien kinh Theo Kleingirma & Kleinginna (1981), da cd it nha't te chl cd the thanh cdng kbi bieu qua lam 140 dinh ngbia khac nhau ve ddng life lam viec. Trong gidi viec cua can bd, cdng ehtfc, vien chtfe ban bai viet nay, tac gia ung hd quan diem ciia Herzberg dtfdc cai thien. Vi the', tao ddng ltfc cbo (1959) ttong tac pbam "The motivation to work" (Ddng life ngtfdi Iao ddng tai Trung tam Phat trie'n lam viec) cbo rang: "Ddng ltfc lam viec la stf khat khao va Lam nghiep Ha Npi ndi rieng, tai cac ttf nguyen cua ngtfdi Iao ddng de tang ctfdng nd ltfc nham cd quan stf nghiep cdng lap ndi chung, htfdng tdi viec dat cac muc tieu cua to ehtfc", Thda man nham pbat huy td'i da kha nang tri tue cua nhung nhu cau, mong mud'n, ky vpng cua ban than la cd sd ban than mdi la van de then chd't ttong stt tbuc day con ngtfdi hanh ddng, Cac ly thuye't tao dpng life dung Iao dpng. De tao ddng ltfc lam viec deu xoay quanh van de xem xet nhu cau cua con ngtfdi.
cho ngtfdi Iao dpng, nha quan ly can phai Mud'n tao dpng ltfc lam viec cho nhan vien, trtfdc bet ngtfdi thau bieu nhu cau lam viec cua ngtfdi Iao lanh dao, ngoai stt dung Iao ddng, phai quan tam de'n nhu dpng de cd each thttc tac ddng mdt each cau ciia bp, xem bp cd nhuiig nhu cau ^ va cd gang tao phli hdp. dieu kien cho hp pha'n da'u de thda man nhu cau dd.
", Trung tam Phat trien Lam nghiep Ha Npi I Email: maiphuongptSgmail.com
Ngay nl^an bai: 22/08/2016; Ngay phan bien: 14/09/2016; Ngay duyet diing: 17/09/2016
Economy and Forecast Review ^ ^
Thap nhu cau cua nha tam ly hpc Abraham Maslow la mpt trong nhffng ly thuye't quan trpng nha't ciia quan tri kinb doanb. Ly thuye't cua dng cho rang, nhu cau cua con ngttdi dttdc chia tbanb be thdng cap bac va giai tbich cu the each dap ttng cac nhu cau dd. Can ctf vao tinb ddi bdi va thtf ttf phat sinh trtfdc sau, Maslow chia nhu ciu cua con ngtfdi tbanb 05 loai theo thtf bac ttf tha'p den cao, gom: Nhu cau sinh hpc; Nhu cau an toan; Nhu cau xa hdi; Nhu cau dtfdc tdn trpng; Nhu cau ttf the bidn ban than (day la nhu cau cao nha't trong he thd'ng cap bac nhu cau ciia dng),
PHlfONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
tfng dung ly thuye't ve nam bac nhu cau cua Maslow de danh gia viec tao ddng life cho can bd, cdng nhan vien chttc tai Trung tam Pbat trie'n Lam nghiep Ha Npi, tac gia xay dtfng dtfdc md binh tfng dung nhtf sau:
Md hinh cd 5 nhan td (cdn gpi la 5 bie'n Idn ddc lap) bao bam 24 bie'n quan sat (bie'n con) va 1 bie'n Idn phu thude dtfdc do bdi 4 bie'n quan sat (Bang 1), Gia tri tffng bien Idn la gia tri trung binh ciia cac bie'n quan sat thanh phan thupc nban td' do,
Md binh dtfdc bieu dien bang ham sd sau:
f(DL) =f(LTPL, DTPT, MQH DKLV, BCCV) Ttfc phtfdng trinh hdi quy tuyen tinb cd dang:
DL = a -^ pl * LTPL -l- (32 * DTPT -l- P3 * MQH -1-134 * DKLV + P5 * BCCV
De stt dung md binb tren, qua trinh danh gia viec tao ddng life lam viec cho can bd cdng nhan vien Trung tam, can phai thtfc bien cac btfdc cd ban sau:
- Kiem dinh tbang do thdng qua viec stt dung he so' tin cay Cronbach's Alpha de kiem dinh mtte ttfdng quan giffa cac bie'n quan sat,
- Kiem dinh cac gia thuye't ve dp phu bdp cua md binb (Phan tfch phtfdng sai): Xac dinh md binb hdi quy tuye'n tinh bdi cd phu hdp vdi tap dff lieu tbu thap khdng, - Kie'm tra bien ttfdng da cpng tuye'n cua cac bie'n ddc lap: Chi sd VIF,
- Xac dinh cac be sd bdi quy cua cac bie'n ddc lap ttong md binh,
BANG 1: CAC BIEN TRONG MO HINH 5 NHAN TO THEO MASLOW
Ky hifu DL Ky hidu LTPL DTPT MQH DKLV BCCV
T6n bie'n phu thuOc Dpng ILTC lam viec
T§n big'n cI6c lap Lifdng thirdng va phuc ldi Dao tao va Phat trien Quan he xa hoi Dieu kien lam viec Ban chat cong viec
Cac bie'n quan sat DLI, DL2, DL3, DL4 Cac bie'n quan sat TL1,TL2,TL3,TL4,TL5, TL6, TL7
DTI, DT2, DT3, DT4, DT5, DT6
QH1,QH2,QH3 DK1,DK2
CVl, CV2, CV3, CV4, CVS, CV6
De tbtfc hien nghien cttu, tae gia da phat ra 285 phie'u dilu tra la can bd, cdng nhan vien cua Trung tam ttong thdi gian ttt thang 3 de'n tbang 05/2015. Sd phid'u tbu ve la 264; So phie'u stt dung dttdc la 240 phie'u va dtfdc dtfa vao pbSn tich.
Ta't ca cac bie'n quan sat ttong cac thanh phan deu stt dung tbang do Likert 5 bac vdi mtfc dp ttfdng tfng: Mtte 1 = rat khdng hai long (tha'p), mtfc 2 = Khdng hai long (trung binh), mtte 3 = BQidng y kid'n (Binb thttdng), mtte 4 = Hai long (kha), mtfc 5 = Rat hai long (eao).
KET QUA NGHIEN ClfU
Khdo sdt hdm hdi quy
Dau tien la ket qua kie'm dinh thang do thdng qua viee stt dung he sd tin cay Cronbach's Alpha de' kiem dinh mtte tttdng quan gitta cac bie'n quan sat. Ne'u bie'n quan sat cd mtfc ttfdng quan so vdi bie'n tdng nhd hdn 0,3 se bi loai, ddng thdi dam bao he sd' tin cSy Idn hdn 0,6.
Ke't qua danh gia bd sd' tin cSy Cronbach's Alpha cua cac bie'n quan sat deu cd he sd' ttfdng quan giffa bie'n tdng (Corrected Item - Total Correlation) tten 0,3 va he sd Cronbach's Alpha cua cac thang do deu >0,6. Do dd, ta't ca 5 thang do va 24 bie'n quan sat deu dtfdc stt dung tie'p tuc trong cac btfdc phan tich tie'p theo (Bang2).
Tie'p theo, tac gia tien hanh kie'm dinh md binb ly thuye't theo phtfdng phap dtfa vao mdt ltfdt (Enter), theo phtfdng phap nay 5 bie'n ddc lap va 1 bie'n phu thupc se dtfdc dtfa vao md binb cung mdt luc.
Sau khi stt dung phan mem SPSS dtfdc ke't qua sau nhtf Bang 3.
Thtfdc do danh gia sif phu bdp cua md binh tuye'n tinh thtfdng diing la he sd xac dinh R^ dieu chinb (Adjusted Rsquare), Bang model summary cho
BANG 2: KET QCA DANH QIA HE SO TIN CAY CRONBACH'S ALPHA STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Thang do
Lifdng thifdng va phiic ldi Dao tao va Phdt trien Quan hf xa hpi Dieu kien lam viec Ban chat cong viec Dpng life chung
Hf s8' Cronbach's
Alpha 0,868 0,903 0,723 0,836 0,885 0,960 Ngu6n: Tac gia de xuat Ngu6n: Tinh toan cua tac gia tu" dCf lieu khao sat
46
Kinh te va Du bdobie't R2 dieu chinh = 0,938, Dieu nay cho tiia'y, cac bien ddc lap: LTPL, DTPT, MQH, DKLV, BCCV giai thich dtfdc 93,8% stf thay ddi cua bie'n phu thupc DL. Ngoai ra Bang cdn cho bie't thdng ke F = 718,800 vdi xac sua't bac bd cd gia tri Sig. gan bang 0 du de ke't luan cd du cd sd khang dinh chap nhan gia tri R- dieu cbinh. Md hinh stt dung hdi quy tuye'n tinh bdi phu hdp vdi tap dff lieu da thu thap dtfdc.
Hien ttfdng da cdng tuye'n la cac bien ddc lap cd ttfdng quan chat che vdi nhau. Hien ttfdng da cdng tuye'n se gay khd khan trong viec phan tich anh htfdng cua tttng bie'n ddc lap len bie'n phu thupc. Chi sd' VIF ctta cac bien ddc lap ttong bang Coefficients deu cd gia tri < 10 chttng td, cac bie'n trong md hinh la doc lap nhau, khdng cd bien tttdng da cpng tuye'n.
Qua Bang phan tich phttdng sai Anova tten, ta't ca cac bie'n deu cd y nghia thd'ng ke Sig = 0,000 < 0,05. Quan sat cac he sd P, cd the tha'y, ttong 5 thanh phan cua md hinh nghien cttu deu tac ddng de'n ddng life lam viec cua nhan vien.
Phtfdng trinh hdi quy nhtf sau:
DL = -0,809 + 0,163 *LTPT-\-0,566 * DTPT -t-0,179* MQH -¥ 0,075 * DKLV -t- 0,208* BCCV
NgMa la:
Ddng luc ldm viec chung = - 0,809 -¥
0,163 * Luang thudng phuc lgi -f- 0, 566
* Ddo tgo vd Phdt trien -t- 0,179 * Quan he xd hgi -t- 0,075 * Diiu kien ldm viec -¥
0,208 * Bdn chdt cdng viec
Phtfdng trinh boi quy cho tha'y, ddng life lam viec cua can bd, cdng nhan vien chttc cua Trung tam Pbat ttien Lam nghiep Ha Ndi cd quan he myen tinh ty le tbuan vdi Lttdng thttdng phuc ldi, Dao tao va Pbat trien, Quan he xa hdi, Dieu kien lam vide. Ban chat lam viec.
Trong dd, Dao tao va Pbat trie'n la nhan td anh httdng nhieu nha't den ddng life lam vide cua bp, tie'p den la eac nhan td'Ban chat cdng viec, Quan he xa hpi. Chttng td, cac nban td phi tai chinh tac ddng de'n ddng life lam viec cbo ngtfdi Iao ddng tai Trung tam nbieu hdn so vdi nban td tai chinh.
Thdng qua md binh hdi quy tten, cung tha'y dtfdc tam quan trpng cua cac bie'n trong md hinh, cu the khi mtfc dp Dao tao va Phat trien tang len 1 ddn vi, thi mtfc dp ddng ltfc cung dtfdc tang len trung binb 0,566 ddn vi trong dieu kien cd dinh cac nhan td cdn lai. Ttfdng ttf, khi mtte dp cae nhan td Ban chat cdng viec, Quan be xa hpi, Lttdng thttdng phuc ldi, Dieu kien lam viec tang 1 ddn vi va cac ye'u td' khac khdng thay ddi, tbi lam ddng Ittc lam viec tang ttung binh lan ltfdt la 0,208; 0,179;
0,163; 0,075 ddn vi.
BANG 3: KET QUA KHAO SAT HAM HOI QOY QUA SPSS Variables Entered/Removed"
Model 1
Variables Entered BCCV, MQH, DKLV, LTPL, DTPT'
Variables Removed
Method Enter a. Dependent Variable: DL
b. All requested variables entered Model Summary Model
1 R
,969*
R Square ,939
Adjusted R Square
,938
Std. Error of the Estimate ,26940 a. Predictors: (Constant), BCCV, MQH, DKLV, LTPL, DTPT
ANOVA' Model
1 Regression Residual Total
Sinn of Squares 260,830
16,982 277,813
df 5 234 239
Mean Square 52,166
,073 F
718,800 Sig.
,000"
a. Dependent Variable: DL;
b. Predictors: (Constant), BCCV, MQH, DKLV, LTPL, DTPT Coefficients' Model
1
a, Depet (Constant) LTPL DTPT MQH DKLV BCCV ident Variabl
Unstandardized Coefficients B
-,809 ,163 ,566 ,179 ,075 ,208 e: DL
Std.Error ,077 ,054 ,056 ,031 ,038 ,048
Standardized Coefficients
Beta ,131 ,475 ,166 ,076 ,176
t
-10,456 2,997 10,198 5,741 1,978 4,293
Sig.
,000 ,003 ,000 ,000 ,049 ,000
Collinearity Statistics Tolerance
,138 ,121 ,313 ,175 ,156
VIF 7,260 8,290 3,192 5,711 6,423 Nguon: Ttnh toan cua tac gja tu' du' lieu khao sal-
Economy and Forecast Review
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BANG 4: THONG KE MO TA MtfC DO DONQ LtiC LAM VIEC Descriptive Statistics
LTPL DTPT MQH DKLV BCCV DL Valid N (listwise)
N 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
Minimum 1,29 1,17 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00
Maximum 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00
Mean 3,3065 3,5653 3,8167 3,4938 3,5778 3,4375
Std. Deviation ,86191 ,90399 ,99730 1,10295 ,91183 1,07814 Ngu6n: Tinh toan cua lac gia tCt du" lieu di^u tra
Ngoai ra. Bang thd'ng ke mtte dp ddng life chung (Bang 4) cung cho tha'y, ngttdi Iao ddng danh gia mtte dp tao ddng ltfc lam viec tai Trung tam Phat trie'n Lam nghiep Ha Ndi chi dat d mtfc trung binh vdi diem sd trung binh 3,4375, Dieu nay chtfng td lanh dao quan ly tai Trung tam chtfa phat huy dtfdc td'i da nang ltfc va stf nhiet tinb cua can bd cdng nban vien, Dpng life cua nhan vien la ye'u td rat quan trpng quye't dinh tdi chat Itfdng, bieu qua cdng viec, Nhan td Dao tao va phat trien cd vai trd anh htfdng Idn nha't tdi viec tao ddng life lam viec nhtfng sd die'm trung binh d mtte gan tha'p nha't 3,5663. Nban td Quan be xa bdi dttdc danh gia d mtte diem trung binb cao nha't vdi sd die'm 3,8167, nhttng vai trd quan trpng chi xe'p thtt 3 trong so 5 nhan to.
KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHI
Ke't qua nghien cttu cho tha'y, lanh dao Trung tam ltta chpn bien phap khuye'n khich ddng life can bd cdng nhan vien la chtta cbinh xac, can tap trung tac dpng nhieu nha't la vao cac nban td phi tai chinh, dac biet la nban to'dao tao va pbat trien vi nd cd stte anh httdng Idn nha't de'n ddng life lam viec cua nhan vien, song lai bi xem nhe.
Thdng qua viec kiem dinh md binb hdi quy tren, de tao dpng life lam viec cho can bd cdng nban vien, lanh dao Trung tam nen quan tam bdn ntta de'n cac chinb sach dao tao, che dp dai ngd td't, cdng bang phu bdp
de khuye'n khieh can bd cdng nban vien cd dpng life lam viec td't hdn. Ngoai ra, Trung tam nen lam cbo nban vien hieu dtfdc cdng viec cua bp ddng gdp vao muc tieu va chie'n Itfdc phat trien chung cua tap the nhtf the nao? Nhan vien dtfdc tham gia vao cae quye't dinh cd anh httdng de'n cdng viec cua bp, khuye'n khich de' hp phat ttien cdng viec theo httdng chuyen nghiep, phtn cdng cdng viec bdp if, cai thien dieu kien cd sd vat chat cho lam viec. Day cung la nhttng ye'u tdgiup nhan vien cd nbieu httng thu lam viec.
Ap life cdng viec cQng nen dtfdc chii y. Ne'u ap life cdng viec qua cao, hoac cdng viec nham chan cung cd the gay chan nan va anh htfdng de'n dpng life lam viec eua nhan vien. Ke't qua nghien ctfu cho tha'y, nhan to' nay dat d mtte 3,8167 la mtfc cao nha't trong sd cac nban td dtfdc khao sat, nhtfng cung chi d mtfc trung binb, chtfng td mtfc ddi hdi va ky vpng cua ngtfdi Iao dpng lam vide tai Trung tam vin chtfa dtfdc dap tfng nhieu (Theo tbang do mtfc danh gia dp hai long ttt 1-5). Nhtf vay, trong thdi gian tdi, cac nha lanh dao cung can chii y nbieu tdi van de nay ne'u mud'n tao dpng ltfc lam viec cho nban vien.Q
TAILIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Van Diem, Nguyin Ngpe Quan (2007). Gido trinh Qudn tri ngudn nhdn luc, Nxb Dai hpc Kinh te Qudc dan Ha Npi
2. Tran Thi Kim Dung va NguySn Ngpe Lan Vy (2011). Thang do ddng vien nban vien. Tap chi Phdt trien Kinh ti, sd 244, tbang 02/2011
3. Le Thai Phong, Le Tbi Thu Thuy (2014). Stt dung phttdng phap phan tich nhan td de xac dinh cac yeu td kien tao ddng life lam viec cbo ngtfdi Iao ddng. Tap chi Kinh ti Ddi ngoai, sd 66/2014, tt.58-68
4. Herzberg, Frederick (1959). The Motivation to work. Harvard Business Review Classics, New York
5. Luis R. Gomez - Mejia, David B. Balkin, Robert L. Cardy (2007). Managing Humman Resources, Prentice Hall College Div
6. Maslow, A.H. (1943). Atheory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396
