1AP CHi CONC I H K M G
H 5 TR0 DOANH NGHIEP KHCJI NGHIEP SANG TAO
• BUI LE GIANG
TOM TAT:
Phat tridn doanh nghiep khdi nghiep sang tao (DNKNST) dddc Chinh phu coi la nhiem vu trpng tam, thddng xuyen va lien luc. De thde hien ddde idt nha'l vide DNKNST, can c6 phddng hddng va giai phap thde hien cu the hdn nda, sd quyet liet hdn nda eua ca he thdng chinh tri. Viec thuc hien ddng loat cac nhdm giai phap se lac dong trde lidp va c6 hidu qua cao den DNKNST.
Vdi viec tham gia hang loat eae FTA the he mdi, vide hd trd DNKNST se md ra nhieu ed hpi cho DNKNST cd cd hpi tiep can vdi vdn, vdi dii u-ifdng qude id, nham tranh trddng hdp DNKNST bi
"ehel" id trong chinh thi trddng Viet Nam khi khdng canh tranh dddc vdi cac doanh nghiep nddc ngoai. Bai viet ban ve viec can cd nhdng giai phap hd trp DNKNST irong giai doan hien nay.
Tiif khda: Chinh sach, mdi trddng phap ly, chidn Iddc khdi nghiep, doanh nghiep, khdi nghiep sang lao.
1. Dat va'n dd
Trong nhdng nam gan day, khi khdi nghiep sang lao (KNST) thde sd trd thanh irao Idu manh me, cac bien phap hd trd cae DNKNST cua Chinh phu ngay cang da dang va tap trung hdn, ea ve mue tieu, each ihdc trien khai ISn quy md hd trd.
Ly do dang sau cac nd Idc hd trd DNKNST cua Chinh phu ngay nay, ben canh cac muc lieu truyen thd'ng, cdn cd ap life cua each mang cong nghiep 4.0, dinh hddng tddng lai kinh te sd va nhu eau ddi mdi, tham chi tai cd ca'u nen kinh le, de cai thien nang Idc canh tranh trong bo'i canh kinh te kdt nd'i loan cau. Mot dieu de nhan tha'y khi ra soat cac tai lieu ve DNKNST la d hau khap cae nddc, DNKNST thu'dng gap phai nhdng va'n de kha tddng tu nhau. Xem xet ky hdn id gdc dp nguydn nhan se cho tha'y sd tddng ddng nay cd ly do xua'l phat td cae dac diem ra't dac irifng eua cac DNKNST, du la 6 nen kinh te dang phat trien hay da phat trien, dd la nhdng khd khan ve tai chinh;
kho khan trong quan tri kinh doanh, khd khan trong tuan thu eae thu luc hanh chinh. Do do, can phai cd sd hd trd td phia Nha nddc de thuc day DNKNST.
2. Giai phap hd tr^ doanh nghiep kh^ nghiSp sang tao
Mot la hoan thien chinh sdch, moi trddng phdp ly
Hoan thien viec xay ddng chien Iddc khdi nghiep qud'c gia: Tijy vao thd manh rieng, moi qud'c gia va dia phddng can chpn eho minh nhdng linh vdc du lien phu hdp, sau do, Nha nddc se h6 trd eac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep hoat ddng hieu qua. Nha nddc can nghien cdu ky de ed the dda ra mdt chien Iddc qud'c gia hd trd tich cdc cho hoat dong khdi nghiep, phu hdp vdi cac ehinh saeh khac cua qud'c gia ciing nhd chinh saeh qud'c td, d6ng thdi vln chu trong vao cac ITnh vdc, nganh muc tieu khdi nghiep.
Chien Iddc khdi nghiep qude gia phai dddc Ihdc hien manh me, ndi bat dau la td cac trddng dai hoc, de trong mot iddng lai ra't ngan chung la se ed mot thanh pho khdi nghiep va sau mot thdi gian ngSn, chung ta se trd thanh mot qude gia khdi nghiep.
Cai thien mdi trddng kinh doanh la dieu kien vd cung quan trpng de hd trd cac DNKNST trong chien Iddc khdi nghiep qud'c gia. Cai thien m6i
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trddng kinh doanh giiip DNKNST thanh cdng trong hpi nhap kinh td trddc nhdng eanh tranh gay gat hien nay. Dieu nay dam bao eho viec phai tridn cac thi trddng ydu to' san xua't mot each lanh manh, linh boat, giam thieu chi phi giao dich, nha'l la dd'i vdi thi trddng ba't dong san, thi trddng tai chinh,..
Tdi du hda moi trddng phap ly: Viet Nam can lao lap cd ehe, chinh sach hd trd DNKNST, nhif:
Can CO nhan thde day du, quan diem toan dien, eoi trpng vai trd va vi iri eua DNKNST trong phat tridn kinh id - xa hdi; Dong thdi, hoan thien xay ddng the ehe, chinh saeh eho DNKNST, sdm hoan thien, eu the hda hdn ve DNKNST trong Luat DNNVV;
x a y ddng chinh sach hd trd DNKNST mot each loan dien, ed sd tham gia cua cac to chdc lai chinh, ngan hang va eac cd quan nha nddc.
Song song vdi ban hanh he thd'ng chinh sach hd trd, can sdm thiet lap he thong (cd quan, to chi'fc) de trien khai va Ihdc thi cd ehd chinh sach nay; Hd trd xay ddng he thd'ng cung ca'p dieh vu eho DNKNST, nang cao viec chi dao va dich vu cdng cua Chinh phu danh cho cac DNKNST. Dac biet, lang eddng vai trd eua Nha nddc trong xay ddng quan hS hdp tac nhidu mat gida cac DNKNST vdi cac DN Idn va cac quy dau tdmao hiem.
Can cd ehinh sach tang eudng giao due tinh than khdi nghiep va phat trien cac ky nang: Hien nay, moi tru'dng khdi nghiep Viet Nam con qua tre so vdi the gidi, nhdng ed nhieu tiem nang de khdi day linh than khdi nghiep manh me. Nha nddc can quan tam den cac chinh sach day manh giao due, nhd: tai trp cac chddng trinh dao lao khdi nghiep, dao tao midn phi trong nganh len ke hoach kinh doanh, dao tao sau dai hpc ve khdi nghiep, hpc vi thac sT. Ngoai ra, can thay ddi he thong giao due, cac bien phap giao due, thay ddi lo chdc cac trddng dai hoc va toan bp he thd'ng tnfdng trung hpc, nang cao kidn thde khdi nghi€p. Cai each h6 thong giao due td phd thdng d6'n dai hpc theo hddng gan vdi giao due - dao tao vdi boat ddng ihdc ddn, de eao tinh than lam ehu, thuc day van hda khdi nghidp la didu kien ridn quydt de ban than mdi ngifdi hinh thanh y chi tif than lap nghiep.
Ben canh dd, can chuan bi ngudn nhan Idc cho khdi nghiep sang tao ben vdng td trddng phd thdng thdng qua giao due khdi nghiep; Can dda chddng trinh giao due khdi nghiep vao giang day trong cac chddng trinh hoc trung hoc pho thong, dac biet la trong giao due cao dang, dai hpc. Gan day, mot .so' trddng dai hpc da thiet ke, giang day cac bd mdn
lien quan den giao due khdi nghiep, giiip cho sinh vien nam bat cd hpi khdi nghiep va quan ly dieu hanh DNKNST. Cai each he thd'ng dao tao, dae biet la dao lao khdi nghidp tai cac trddng, cac trung lam dao tao..,, cu thd la mdi nhdng nha lanh dao doanh nghiep ndi tid'ng, cac doanh nhan tre giang day, dd ehia se kmh nghiem, kid'n thde, de dem dd'n nhdng bai hoc quy cho nhdng doanh nhan tddng lai khi bat dau khdi nghiep.
He thd'ng giao due eung phai cd nhdng chuyen bie'n manh ve mue lieu, npi dung va phddng phap dao tao, giang day, de giam thieu dnh than hpc de lam "thay", lam "quan"; tang eddng cac boat dong hddng nghiep de hoe sinh ra tru'dng bidl chpn hddng di thich hdp vdi kha nang cua minh; khdi gdi kha nang sang lao thay vi each hpc "nhdi sp", mot chieu nhd hien tai vd'n chi tao ra nhdng con ngddi thu dong, phuc lilng va y lai vao ngddi khac... Cd the tha'y, he thd'ng giao due la mot trong nhdng mat xich quan trpng nhat trong he thdng cae ye'u Id' nudi difdng va thuc day tinh than khdi nghiep hien dang la diem ra't yd'u d Viet Nam.
Chinh phu can lidn hanh cac bien phap thuc day nhanh viec trien khai Chddng irinh doi mdi edng nghe qud'c gia va boat dong cua Quy Doi mdi cong nghe qud'c gia, hddng vao eae boat ddng phuc vu cac Iinh vdc ndng nghidp cong nghe cao va cong nghidp phu trp nham hd trd td't nha't ve moi trddng cdng nghe cho DNKNST.
Hai Id tdng eddng ho tra tdi chinh Day la nhdm bien phap nham giup cac DNKNST vddt qua khd khan difdc cho la Idn nha'l:
thie'u vdn.
Hd trd trde tidp td Chinh phu: Ne'u Vidt Nam mud'n tap trung phat trien DNKNST de lam don bay kinh Id', Chinh phu can tham gia dau id trde tid'p de kich thich tang trddng ve so' Iddng va cha't Iddng cae DNKNST, dae bidt la giai doan diu.
Ddng thdi qua do thu hiit khdi lif nhan dau id vao DNKNST. Vide lam nay se ihu hut khong ehi DNKNST va nha dau id Id nhan d Viet Nam va cdn ca Irong khu vdc va tren loan the' gidi.
Bien phap nay ra't da dang, phu thupc vao ngudn life eiia Chinh phu, cung nhd dac diem van hanh he thdng d mdi giai doan phat trien. Thong thddng se bao gdm:
- cac khoan ho trd tai chinh cho cac DNKNST:
Cac hd trd nay thddng dUdi dang khoan tai trd trde tidp vao cac startups (thddng 6 giai doan "ddm mam" (seeds), y tddng hoac giai doan dau cua qua
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TAP CHi CONG THirifNG
trinh phat trien san pham). Chinh phu cd the Ihdc hien hd trd tien mat, dua tren can dd'i thu, chi NSNN, Chinh phu nghien cii'u, xem xet giai phap hd trd cac DNKNST thdng qua hd trd mdt Iddng tien mat theo mot ly Id nha'l djnh tren vdn td cd cua DNKNST.
- Cac khoan cho vay, bao lanh tin dung: Chinh phu ddng ra bao lanh lin dung cho nhdng DNKNST di kem cac cam kd'l ve sd dung khoan vay, vd'n ddi dng td'i thieu. Vi du, cac khoan tin dung danh cho DNKNST td eae quy, td chdc tin dung eua Nha nddc hoac cac bidn phap bao lanh cho cac DNKNST vay tin dung lai cac ngan hang, id chdc tin dung id nhan.
-Cac khoan dau tdmao hidm: Vide dau nf nay CO the dupe thUc hien thong qua cae quy dau td Nha nddc hoac dau tu gian tie'p thong qua vide pho'i hdp dau td vdi cac nha diu lU/quy dau td td nhan hoae eung ca'p cac chddng trinh bao lanh dau td cho cac nha dau td/quy dau lU td nhan dau td vao DNKNST.
- Midn, giam cac nghia vu lai chinh vdi Nha nddc: O nhdm bidn phap nay, Nha nudc hd trd startup thdng qua viec giam eae nghTa vu vl lai ehinh phai nop cua DNKNST (vi du mien giam thue thu nhap doanh nghidp, thud' gia tri gia tang, giam cac mdc ddng gdp cho bao hidm xa hoi...).
- Phat trien them cac kenh buy ddng vdn eho DNKNST, ehu trpng huy ddng vd'n thdng qua ihi trddng chdng khoan. Nghien edu va trien khai san giao dich chdng khoan danh cho cac DNKNST, giup cae DN huy dong von trUc lie'p td xa hdi gdp phan tieh cue trong viee thao gd khd khan ve vdn cho DNKNST. Md hinh nay da ra't thanh cong trong vide ho trd cho DNKNST, gop phan giam bdt ap lUe buy ddng ngudn lai ehinh - thddng la ganh nang dd'i vdi cac DNKNST mdi thanh lap. Can xay ddng mdt thi trudng vd'n chuyen danh cho cae DNKNST. Viec xay dUng mot thi trddng ehdng khoan tap trung cung cap vd'n eho cac DNKNST, lach bach vdi thi trddng nidm ye'l c6 thd cd Ipi dae bidt dd'i vdi nen kinh te'dang tang trddng eua Viet Nam. Thi trddng nay se eung cap cd hpi eho DNKNST cd the tie'p can cac ngudn vdn vdi nhdng lieu chuan dat ra d mdc thap hdn, chang han lieu ehu^n cong khai ve dac tinh eua sdn pham, bao cao danh gia lac dong cua san pham de'n thi trddng, bao eao trien vpng cua san pham...
Ba Id ho tra viec xay difng cdsd ha tdng Xay ddng khu tap trung dieh vu hd trd khdi
nghiep ddi mdi sang tao tai cac Bd, nganh, dia phddng cd tiem nang phat trid'n hoat dong khcii nghiep, trong do hd trd mot phan kinh phi sda chda va ap dung mdc phi du dai trong khai thac cd sd ha ting (didn tieh, khcng gian san c6) tai eac dia didm thuan Idi cho cung ca'p dich vu h§
trd khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang lao, du lien khu vdc gan cae trddng dai hpc, to ehdc kinh te, tai chinh;
hd trd kinh phi la'p dat ha tang cong nghe thong lin va cung ca'p dich vu Internet midn phi trong Khu tap trung dich vu hd trd khdi nghiep doi mdi sang tao.
Thu hut td nhan dau td sda chda, tra phi khai thac cd sd ha tang, lap dat trang thiet bi can thiet va td ehdc quan ly, khai thac Khu tap trung dich vu hd trd khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao; eung cS'p cae dich vu dao tao, hua'n luydn, id va^n; ke't ndi diu Id, khach hang; cung ca'p ngudn nhan Idc, khdng gian lam viec, thid'l hi diing chung eho hoat dong khdi nghiep ddi mdi sang tao.
Bon Id, tdng cUdng truyen bd tao dong lUc, cdm hdng
Giai phap nay dddc bidt tdi chu yd'u thong qua cac boat dong mang tinh eha't be ndi, truyen thong rdng rai, qua do lao cam hdng, thuc day tinh than sang tao khdi nghiep, xay ddng nhan thde, van hoa tieh cue cua xa hpi dd'i vdi startup, Ida chpn cdc startup muc lieu de lap trung hd trd hieu qua.
Nhdm bidn phap nay dddc sd dung hau nhdd tat ca cac nddc, vdi Uu didm la ehi phi tha'p, nhung lai lao hidu qua lan tda rong:
- Cac cuoc thi, giai thddng cho cae startup.
cac hoat dong quang ba, truyen thong (ehuyen muc bao chi)... nham tang eddng nhan thi?c cua cdng ehung dd'i vdi startup,
Ndm la, day manh hoat dong giao due dao tao Giai phap nay bao gdm cac bien phap nham xay ddng cac ky nang ma cac DNKNST thddng bi ban ehd', qua dd thuc day va tao thuan Idi cho vide khdi nghidp sang tao. Ve ed bdn, nhdm gidi phap ve thdng qua giao due de phat trien DNKNST thudng bao gdm:
- Cdc chudng trinh dao tad, hUdng dan khdi nghidp tai cae trUdng dai hpc, eae ed sd giao due bae cao (dao tao, tap huan cac kie'n thde kinh doanh, cdc ky nang, dieu kidn, quy trinh de sinh vidn cd the khdi nghiep).
- Cae chUdng trinh dao tad ky nang quan iri, qudn ly tai chinh, lao dong... eho cdc sang lap vien cua cae DNKNST •
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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Bdo Tin tdc, 2019. "Hoan thien the che'vd cdc nen tdng phat trien kinh tesd'tai
Viet Nam". Retrieved 2nd May 2019, from https://baotintuc.vn/kinh-te/hoan-tluenthe-che-va-cae-nen-tang-pha!- trien-kinh-te-so-tai-viet-nam-20190502154027763. him
2. Bruyat, C, and Julien, P. A. 2001. "Defining the filed of research in enlrepreneurship". Journal of Business Venturing
3. Cafef 2017. "Viet Nam ddn dau the gidi ve linh than khdi nghiep, ddng Ihd 2 ve thdi do tich ciic vdi khdi nghiep". Retrieved Isl May 2019, from
http-//cafefvn/viet-nam-dan-dau-the-gioi-ve-tmh-than-khoi-nghiep-dung-thu~2-vethai-do-lich-cuc-voi-khoi-nghiep- 20171001152829632.chn
Ngay nhan bai: 7/10/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va sufa chffa: 17/10/2019 Ngay cha'p nh§n dang bai: 27/10/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
ThS. BUI LE GIANG
Khoa Quan tri van phong - Trift^ng Dai hpc Noi vu Ha Noi
SUPPORTING INNOVATIVE STARTUPS
• MA. BUI LE GIANG Faculty of Office administration Hanoi University of Home Affairs
ABSTRACT:
Developing innovative slart-up (IS) businesses is considered by the Government as the primary objective. In order to best incentivize developing innovarive star-ups, there should be more specific directions and drastic solutions from the political system. The simultaneous implementation of the solution groups will have a direct and highly effective impact on IS. By joining a series of new generation FFAs, IS will have more opportunities to have access lo capital and to the international market. This will help prevent IS from being paralyzed in domestic market if IS are not able to compete with foreign enterprises. The article discusses the need for solutions to support innovative startups in the current period.
Keywords: Policy, legal environment, startup strategy, enlrepreneurship, innovative start-up.
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