VAN DE HOM NAY ( So 4(69)-2009 )
Dao tao nguon nhan lyc chat lirang cao
TAI H O C VIEN TAI C H I N H
TS. D6 Thi Phi Hoai
G
iao due dai hgc la ITnh vuc cd the ndi la lien quan den toan xa hgi.Vi vay chiing ta ludn tran trd vdi nhQ-ng cau hdi lien quan den nen giao due dai hgc nudc nha nhu:
Tgi sao bdng dgi hoc cua chimg ta khong dugc the gi&i cong nhdn rgng rdi, tgi sao cdc tru&ng dgi hoc cita chung ta khong dugc xep vdo hgng Top cita the gi&i, tgi sao rdt it sinh vien cdc nuac den Viet Nam du hgc, bao gid nen gido due dgi hgc cita ta tien kip the giai...
Cac nha giao, nhiing ngudi quan ly, chuyen gia giao due thi cdn dat ra nhung cau hdi cu the hon nhu: Tgi sao sinh vien cita ta hgc 4 den 5 ndm dgi hgc trong khi a nhieu nuac sinh vien chi hgc 3 den 4 ndm md khi ra trudng cdc cd nhdn, ky su nu&c ngodi lgi ldm viec hieu qud han.
tgi sao so gia gidng trong chuong trinh dgi hgc cua chitng ta (co khi t&i gdn 4.000 gia) nhieu tir gdp 1,5 den 3 Idn so v&i ehirang trinh ciia mpt so nu&c nhimg sinh vien ciia hg lgi dugc cdc cong ty thu nhdn trd luang cao han, tgi sao nhieu gia dmh CO dieu kien lgi sdn sdng bo ra it nhdt Id 500 trieu den hdng t}' dong de cho con di du hgc nu&c ngodi. (so tien dii de cd mgt lap hoc het dgi hoc)...
Cd nhieu each ly giai, cd
nhieu nguyen nhan dugc neu ra de giai thfch cho nhirng bat cap ciia nen giao due dai hgc nudc nha. Trong sd nhiing nhan xet, danh gia ve giao due dai hgc Viet Nam, cd mgt y kien rat dang chu y mang tinh tdng quat ve sy khac biet giCra phuong phap dao tao ciia dai hgctrong va ngoai nudc.
Ai ciing biet rang thi vao dai hgc d Viet Nam khd hon d nudc ngoai. Q nhieu nudc hay nhieu trudng dai hgc nudc ngoai cdn khdng cd ky thi tuyen vao dai hgc, nghTa la mgi hgc sinh tdt nghiep trung hgc phd thdng deu cd the hgc lendai hgc. Cdn d Viet Nam viec thi vao dai hgc la mdt cira ai vd ciing khd khan, gian khd ddi vdi hgc sinh vdi sy canh tranh rat khdc liet. Hau het hgc sinh da phai hgc them sudt nhirng nam cudi phd thdng, gin den ky thi dai hgc lai phai vao cac "Id luyen thi" nhung ty le thi do vao dai hgc van rat thap. Neu nhu trinh do giao due phd thdng ciia ta khdng kem nhieu so vdi the gidi (thyc tl thi hgc sinh ciia ta di du hgc deu theo dugc cac chuong trinh dai hgc ciia nudc ngoai, neu cd yeu hon sinh vien nudc khac thi nguyen nhan chii yeu la do ngdn ngCr), thi cd thi
"ndi dau" vao ciia cac trudng dai hgc Viet Nam cd chit lugng tot.
Tuy nhien "dau ra" ciia ta thi lai khdng dugc nhu mong mudn do md hinh dao tao cua ta cd thi so
sanh vdi hinh try. Ly do la thi do vao trudng thi rat khd nhung khi da dugc nhan vao hgc thi chi cin cd gang mdt chut la theo dugc chuong trinh hgc va da sd sinh vien deu cd the tdt nghiep ra trudng, sd bj loai do hgc luc khdng nhieu. Tir dd dan den viec sinh vien khdng tap trung vao viec hgc, mgt sd do tu tudng dang nao thi cung tdt nghiep, sd khac do hoan canh kinh te khd khan thi danh nhieu thdi gian lo kiem tien de duy tri viec hgc.
Thyc te la tinh than hgc tap ciia sd ddng sinh vien ciia ta rat kem, thdi gian danh cho viec hgc tap it va phuong thirc hgc lai rat bj ddng, ft sang tao vd mang tfnh chat ddi phd vdi thi eir. Trong khi dd nhieu trudng dai hgc tren the gidi lya chgn md hinh dao tao theo kieu hinh ndn, dau vao de, dau ra khd. Trong qua trinh hgc ap dung sy phan loai, dao thai manh me lam cho sinh vien phai ludn ludn cd gang, ludn ludn canh tranh, vuon len de tdn tai va nhung sinh vien ra trudng la nhQ-ng ngudi kha nhit da vugt qua sy dao thai qua cac nam hgc.
Nhirng ngudi da timg du hgc d nudc ngoai vl thudng cd nhan xet gidng nhau ve phuong phap giang day truyen thdng d cac trudng dai hgc ciia ta theo kieu thay giang. trd ghi la da lac hau va nhieu nudc khdng cdn ap
T a p chf nghien cufu Tdi chfnh k e ' t o d n
( So 4(69)-2009 )
VAN DE HOM NAY
dyng nira. Phuong phdp day va hgc nay khiln cho sinh vien hgc mgt each bj dgng, phy thude vdo kien thirc ciia thay truyin thy, lam mat di tfnh chii ddng sang
Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta khdng nhung hieu ro tam quan trgng cua gido dye ddo tao ddi vdi sy phdt triln cua dit nudc ma cdn hieu ro hien trang vd cdc van de ton tai cua nen gido due nudc nhd. Vdi quylt tdm phdt trien manh me, dua nen gido dye dai hgc Vi^t Nam hgi nhdp vdi the gidi, tiln kjp vdi trinh do the gidi, thdng 7-2007 Thu tudng Chinh phii dd phe duygt quy hoach m^ng ludi cdc trudng dai hgc Vi?t Nam din ndm 2020.
Bdn quy hoach da dua ra cdc djnh hudng, gidi phdp phdt trien cung nhu nhung myc tieu cy the cua nin gido due dai hgc, trong do mgt so diem ddng chu y Id:
-Ve qui md: ndng so lugng tuyIn sinh mdi hang ndm tir khodng 400.000 ndm 2007 len 1.200.000 vdo ndm 2020, dua ty I? sinh vien tren/10.000 dan len 200 vdo ndm 2010, 300 ndm 2015vd450vdondm2020.
-Phin diu thu hut sinh vien nudc ngodi din Vigt Nam du hgc cd ty 1? tren tong sd sinh vien Id 0,1 % ndm 2010,1,5% nam 2015 vd 5% ndm 2020.
-Vl chit lugng gidng vien:
Ndng ty 1? gidng vien dai hgc cd trinh dg vd tiln sy trd len Id 40%
va 25% ndm 2010, 70% va 50%
ndm 2015,90% vd 75% vdo ndm 2020.
-Ve chat lugng dao tao: Phan dau den nam 2010 cd 10 trudng dai hgc ma mdi trudng cd ft nhat 1 khoa (nganh) hoac ITnh vyc dao tao dat tieu chf chat lugng tuong duong so vdi cac trudng cd uy tfn tren the gidi; den nam 2015 cd 20 trudng dai hgc dat tieu chf neu tren va nam 2020 cd 1 trudng dai hgc dugc xep hang trong so 200 trudng dai hgc hang diu thi gidi.
-Ve bien phap thyc hien:
Ngoai nhung bien phap ve tang cudng diu tu cho giao due dao X^o, thu hut von, vien trg nudc ngodi, da dang hod loai hinh ddo tao, ndng cao chit lugng giang vien...mgt nhdm bien phdp dugc chu trgng la day manh hdi nhap, phat triln hgp tac dao tao vdi cac nen giao due dai hgc tien tiln tren the gidi.
Hgc vign Tai chfnh la mdt co sd ddo tao dai hgc chuyen nganh tdi chfnh ciia dit nudc. Vdi gan 50 ndm hoat dgng dd Idn manh khdng ngimg trd thanh mdt co sd ddo tao bac dai hgc vd sau dai hgc Idn va cd uy tfn ciia dat nudc, giij- vj trf quan trgng trong cdng tdc dao tao can bd tai chfnh ke todn... Den nay Hgc vien da dao tao dugc gin 65.000 eir nhan,
1.000 thac sy, 180 tiln sy chuyen ngdnh tdi chfnh, kl todn...trong dd cd nhilu sinh vien nudc ngodi. Nhiing sinh vien ra trudng dugc ddn nhan tai cdc co quan, doanh nghiep va trd thanh nhQ-ng can bd lam cdng tac tai chfnh kl toan gidi vl nghiep vu, sau sdc ve chuyen mdn. Nhung Thac sT, Tiln sT thyc sy la cac
chuyen gia trong ITnh vyc tai chinh ke toan. Trong ITnh vuc nghien ciru khoa hgc, Hgc vien da thuc hien dugc gan 600 de tai, trong dd cd nhieu de tai cap Nha nudc, gdp phan khdng nhd vao viec hoach dinh chfnh sach va dieu hanh nen tai chfnh nudc nha.
Thyc hien chu truong cua Nha nudc ve hdi nhap qude te, dua nen giao due dao tao ciia nudc nha, dac biet la dao tao dai hgc va sau dai hgc tiep can vdi giao dye, dao tao tien tien trong khu vyc va tren the gidi, tir nhieu nam qua Hgc vien Tai chfnh da rit chu trgng den cac chuong trinh hgp tdc quoc te ve nghien ciiu khoa hgc vdi cdc nudc nhu:
Nga, Trung Qude, My, Canada, Phap, Nhat, Uc, Lao... Trong ITnh vyc hgp tac quoc te ve dao tao, Hgc vien Tai chfnh da dao tao hang trdm can bd cho Bd Tdi chfnh Lao.
Ngoai ra Hgc vien cd ke hoach hgp tac, lien ket vdi nhieu trudng dai hgc tren the gidi trien khai cac chuong trinh dao tao qude te d Viet Nam. Cac chuong trinh hgp tac nay nham gdp phan da dang hoa phuong thirc dao tao ciia Hgc vien, de khdng nhQ-ng cd them cho dat nudc nhQng cii nhan, thac sT vdi chat lugng cao ma cdn hudng tdi nhieu muc tieu quan trgng khac trong chien luge ddi mdi va phat trien lau dai ciia Hgc vien.
Mdt trong nhQ-ng chuong trinh ndm trong ke hoach dd la viec lien ket dao tao vdi trudng dai hgc Leeds Metropolitan ciia
T a p chf nghien cufu Tdi chfnh k e t o d n <(67
VAN DE HOM NAY ( So 4(69)-2009 )
Vuong qude Anh dl md cac khda dao tao Thac sy Tai chfnh va Thuong mai quoc te tai Viet Nam. Day la chuong trinh dao tao thac sy kinh tl dugc giang day theo chuong trinh, giao trinh, tai lieu, sach tham khao cua dai hgc Leeds, do dai hgc Leeds giam sat theo quy trinh dam bao chit lugng cua Anh va cip bing Thac sy cho hgc vien tdt nghiep. Cac mdn hgc trong chuong trinh se dugc cac giang vien ciia dai hgc Leeds va Hgc vien Tdi chfnh giang day hoan toan bing tiing Anh vdi ty le gid giang ciia hai ben tuong duong nhau. Luan van tdt nghiep do giang vien hai ben cimg hudng dan va cham diem.
Trong chuong trinh nay, Hgc Vien Tdi Chinh lya chgn ddi tac dai hgc Leeds la mdt trudng dai hgc Idn ciia Vuong qude Anh cd ljch sir gan 200 ndm va qui md dao tao tdi hon 50.000 sinh vien, trong dd khoang 10% la hgc bac cao hgc (thac sy). Dai hgc Leeds cQng la mdt trudng cd uy tfn tren the gidi vdi hon 1.500 sinh vien
quoc te tir hon 60 nudc den du hgc. Ngoai ra dai hgc Leeds cdn cd cac chuong trinh lien ket ddo tao ca dai hgc va cao hgc vdi vdi nhilu nudc, trong dd cd cac nudc chau A nhu Trung Qude, Hdng Kdng, An do...
Chuong trinh lien ket dao tao vdi dai hgc Leeds ciia Hgc Vien Tai Chfnh khdi dau vdi qui md kha khiem tdn, chi mdt khda hgc trong nien khda 2009-2010, dy kiln se dao tao dugc khoang 25 thac sy. Lgi fch dem lai khdng chi la sd lugng thac sy se dugc chuong trinh ddo tao cho dat nudc mdi nam ma cdn thdng qua chuong trinh, Hgc vien se cd nhilu kinh nghiem hon trong hgp tdc quoc te ve dao tao, uy tfn cua Hgc vien d trong vd ngoai nudc se dugc nang len. Cung qua chuong trinh hgp tac nay mgt sd giang vien tham gia chuong trinh se cd CO hdi trao ddi kinh nghiem vdi ddng nghiep, tiep can vdi giao trinh, cdng nghe, phuong phap dao tao tien tien ddng thdi cd djp thir thach trong mdi trudng dao tao quoc te, dac biet
viec giang day bang tieng Anh cQng gdp phan nang cao ky nang cua cac giang vien. Nhung kinh nghiem dd neu dugc tdng ket, phd bien rdng rai trong ddi ngu giang vien se se giiip cho viec ddi mdi phuong phap, nang cao chat lugng giao trinh, chat lugng giang day va se rat bun ich trong cac chuong trinh hgp tac quoc te sau nay.
Khda dao tao thac sy Tai chfnh vd Thuong mai quoc te, hgp tac vdi dai hgc Leeds mdi la budc diu tien cua chuong trinh hgp tac va hgi nhap quoc te ciia Hgc Vien Tdi Chfnh, dung theo chii truong ciia Nhd nudc.
Chuong trinh nay neu dugc thuc hien thanh cdng se tao ra mgt khdi diu thuan lgi vd md ra ca hgi cho nhilu chuong trinh hgp tac dao tao quoc te tiep theo cua Hgc vien, khdng chi d mgt bac dao tao ma ca d cdc bac khac nhu cao ddng vd dai hgc, khdng chi trong ITnh vyc tai chfnh va thuang mai ma ca cac ITnh vuc kinh te khdc./.
K€NH D^U T J N|!|0 H I € U QUA ...
( Tiep theo trang 65) biet la ngudn thdng tin ddi dao,chfnh xdc. Ben canh chien luge da dugc cdng nhan rdng rai, cac quyet djnh dau tu linh hoat cQng td ra dac biet hieu qua trong cac hoan canh khd khdn.
Nha dau tu kiem sieu lgi nhuan Id ngudi sang sudt lya chgn cac chien luge phii hgp cung nhu thdi diem de dp dyng cdc chien
luge dd. Viec ket hgp hgp ly cdc chien luge dau tu, phan bo vdn tren nhieu kenh khdng chi giiip chia se riii ro ma cdn mang lai Igi nhuan cao cho dii nen kinh tl d giai doan nao.
Tai lieu tham khao: • • -Reully, F. K. and Brown, K. C.
(2003). "Investment Analysis Portfolio Management", 6' edition. USA. Shepherd, Inc.
- Website.www.vneconomy.net www. vietbao. com,
www. wikipedia. org
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