NQHIEN c d a - TRAO DOI - s ^ J ! ' ' ?
Dau nam ban ve chuyen cong khai va minh bach of Viet Nam
DANG HdNG VO*
Trong m6t l l n tra Mfi bao chi trong ntfdc, Dai siJ Anh Anthony Stokes nhSn manh, minh bach va trach nhi$m giai trinh thtfc stf la m6t thach thtfc vdi Vi$t Nam. Nam 2015 danh da'u mtfc d^ h6i nhap rS't sSu cua ntfdc ta, trong lihi c6ng Idiai, minh bach dang la m6t ti6u chi quan trong de Viet Nam btfdc
chSn ra "bien ldn " kinh te' qud'c t§'. - i
KHI CHU TRl/ONG VA THUC THI KHONG SONG HANH
O Viet Nam, cau chuydn cong khai vA minh bach dang ditdc tiep nhSn nhu mpt chu trifdng ldn trong quy tnnh quan ly. Dilu nay difdc the hien rat ro trong Hien phap nam 2013 va qua trinh xay du^g luat phap, thu'c thi luat phap va xay difng th^ chd' kinh td' trong thdi gian gan day. Cu the, LuSt Phong, Cho'ng tham nhung da cd nhiJng quy dinh rat mach lac ve nhifng vide phai cdng khai trong tifng Unh vifc qudn ly. Luat Da't dai nam 2013, Luat Nha d nam 2014, Luat Kinh doanh ba't ddng sku nam 2014, Lu$t Diu tif cong nam 2014, Luat Dau tu" nam 2014, Luat Doanh nghiep nam 2014... dtfdc ban hanh nham hu'dng tdi cdng khai vS minh bach trong moi khSu quan ly. Hien nay, trong qud tnnh xdy difng mot so'luat du'dc coi la "nhay cam" v^ quan trpng, nhif Luat Ngan sach Nha nddc sufa doi va Luat Ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luSt siS'a doi, van de cdng khai v^
minh bach cung dang difdc difa Ien ban thao luan. Song, dieu dang buon l£i mot du* dn luSt quan trpng nhat cd lien quan true tie'p tdi cong khai va minh bach la LuSt vi Quyln tid'p can thong tin c6n dang gap nhieu vi/dng mac va phai tn hoan lai.
Mdi dSy, phat bieu tai Van phong Chinh phu ngSy 21/1/2015, Thu tu'dng
doi hdi cua xa hoi la "thdng tin nhanh, kip thdi, ehinh xac". Thu tu'dng da yeu eau cac bo trifdng, thu trtfdng cac nganh can chu ddng cung cap thong tin cho bdo ehi de tao sU dong thuan xa hoi, "eung cap thong tin ve nhu'ng viec lam dUcfe va k^ ca khuyet diem, yd'u kem cDng khdng giau gidm. Ddng thdi, ehu y dd'n trach nhiem giai trinh, giai dap eua ccf quan nha nifdc do'i vdi nhu'ng van de ndi c6m, nhifng viec chu'a thong sud't, nhCfng chu tru'dng, chinh sach mdi". Dac bidt, Thu tifdng ndi rd, bo trifdng khi ban hanh chu trifdng, chinh sach thi phai cd trach nhiem giai trinh vdi ngUdi dan.
"Trach nhiem cua ehung ta la giai tnnh, giai dap eho ngtfdi ddn vdi dnh than Chinh phu phuc vu. Cd vide thd trifdng, ed vide bd tnfdng hoac phd thu tu'dng, ed vide do Thu tifdng Chinh phu phai giai trinh, tdi rat s5n sang" - Thu tifdng Nguydn TS'n Dung ndi.
Song, nhin vao thUe te, lai tha'y chu trifdng thi ed, nhifng thifc thi lai chdng dddc bao nhieu. Mac dii, ve nguydn tae v§n Id cdng khai mpi thd thong tin quan ly, trij" cac thong tin thupe didn bao mat, nhifng ehung ta van vtfdng vao mpt van de rat ed ban la: Cdng khai cdi gi? Cong khai the' nao? Va vifdng mac nh3,'t d khSu:
Thd' nao Id thong tin thuoc didn bao mat? Hien tai, da cd ban mot nghi dinh cua Chinh phu quy dinh ve thong tin nao thuoc dien "mat", "td'i mat" va "tuydt mat"
(Nghl dinh s6^33/2002/ND-CP, ngay 28/3/2002). Song, d day cd 2 va'n de dang dat ra: (1) Quy dinh vl cac dd mat doi vdi thong tin quan ly eua tijfng nganh, tij'ng ITnh vtic da hdp Iy chifa? (2) Thdi quen dong dS^u "mdt" vdo cae cdng van khi tha'y can thie't mang tinh chu quan, ma khdng theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt.
Vrfa qua, khi thao luan ve Ludt Ngdn sdch Nhd nifdc sita doi cung tha'y ro mdt dieu khdng hdp 1^. Nhieu y kie'n cho rdng, cin phai cong khai toan bp qud trinh dif Nguydn Tan Diing da nha'n manh dd'n thao phan bo ngan saeh de lay y kie'n eua ngUdi dan,
uS. TSKH.. Lr. j i r danghu.
45
BAMG 1: XEP HANG Mdc VlfT NAM
DO CONG KHAI VA MINH E VA MOT SO NCTdC New Zealand
nan Mach Phan Lan ThiiY Bien Sineacore
Australia Canada
Thai Lan
Afehanislan Bic Trieu Tien
2010 1/178 1/178 4/178 1/178 7/178 8/178 6/178 78/178 56/178 134/17S 78/178 110/178 116/178 176/178 178/178
2011 1/183 2/183 4/183 6/183 5/183 8/183 7/183 8/183 10/183 75/183 60/183 129/183 80/183 100/182 112/183 180/183 182/18:
182/18:
2012 1/176 1/176 4/176 7/176 5/176 6/176 9/176 7/176 9/176 80/176 54/176 105/176 88/176 118/176 123/176 174/176 174/176 174/176
2013 1/177 1/177 3/177 5/177 5/177 8/177 9/177 9/177 80/177 53/177 94/177 102/177 114/177 116/177 175/177 175/17^
175/177 2014
2/175 1/175 4/175 5/175 7/175 8/175 11/175
50/175 85/175 119/175 172/175 174/175
vi ngan sdch la tiln dong gdp eua Nhan dan, nen hp ed quydn tham gia vdo dif dinh chi tieu ngdn sdch. Song, mpt lulng y kid'n khdc lai lap ludn rang, qud trinh nay khong the edng khai vi "nhay cam". Nghi dinh quy dinh ve bdo mat thdng dn trong ITnh vifc tdl ehinh, ngan sach eung dang quy dinh, dif toan ngan sdch dang d qua tnnh dd thao thupc dien bao mat. Dieu nay rd't vd ly!
Ve nguydn tac, thi duf thao kd'hoach ehi tidu ngan sdch khdng thi thupc didn bao mat, vi ne'u la m|t, thi dong nghia vdi vide cdng nhan cd ton tai khua't ta't trong qud trinh "chia banh ngan saeh" - bdnh la do toan dan gdp lai ma thanh!
Tren thUc te' quan ly, khd nhieu van bdn trong eac hoan canh nhay cam ciJng dUdc cdc bd ty bdo ve bang each ddng dd'u "mat", bd't k l ed thupc didn bdo mat theo quy dinh cua phap luat hay khdng?
Nam 2005, Bp Tai nguydn va Moi trifdng trien khai kiem tra mot ndm thi hanh Luat Da't dai ndm 2003 tai tat ca cdc tinh. Qud trtnh nay cung rdi vao hoan eanh nhay cam do ngifdi dan iin iin gap cae doan kiem tra de giJi ddn khidu nai. The' la Bp tnfdng da phai chi dao dong da'u "mat" vao Bdo cdo kd't qua kiem tra de khep lai Slf san liing thdng tin nay ciia bdo ehi, mae dij van ban loai nay khong thupe dien bao mat theo quy djnh.
Mpt Ioai thong tin khdng thupc dien bao mat, nhifng tren thifc td' lai rd't kho cd thi tim kid'm difdc, dd la thdng tin ve chu va nguon gd'c cua bd't dpng sdn do. Ly do du'dc cac nha quan ly da't dai difa ra la cin bdo ve quyen tai san tif nhan. Vi the', mdi dan tdi vide cdc nha bao ludn phai kiem ca vai tham tit tif d l tim hilu thong tin v l "con 6ng nay", hay "chdu bd kia" la chu cua eac dinh cd difdc bid'u tang, hay mua re tif nguon cua Nha nu'dc, dia phUdng, hay doanh nghiep.
Nhij'ng vi du d tren eho thay, cau chuyen cdng khai va minh bach d nUde ta vdn con rat dai va be bpn. Mae du tu duy ly luan ed chuyen bid'n, nhUng thifc td' trien khai vdn con gap nhieu thdch thUe dang ke.
CONG KHAI, MINH BACtl: Dl/Cll GOC NHIN CUA CAC TO CHUc QUOC I E
Ddnh gid cua To chdc Minh back qudc ti'
To chiJc Minh bach quoc te (Transparency International) da nd life hang nam ddnh gid chi so' minh bach doi vdi tiing quoc gia b^ng cdch phan tich cae quy dinh eua phdp luat, ddnh j viec thifc thi phdp ludt va do mu'c 36 cam nhdn cua ngUdi ddn. Sau do, difa vao chi so' nay, eac qude gia dUde xep hang tren the' gidi. TiJf sy thay dSi thtf hang trong qua trinh nhilu nam, cd the ddnh gid mu'c tid'n bp hay thut lui dd'i vdi tinig qud'c gia.
Trong qua trinh khdo sdt, ed mpt nhom khoang 10 nUde trong nhdm dan dau thd' gidi v l minh bach. D6 la: Canada ^ chau My, Singapore 6 chau A, Aushalia va New Zealand d chau Dai dUdng vS 6 nUdc chdu Au, gom: Dan Mach, Na Uy, Thuy Diln, Phin Lan, Thuy Sy va Ha Lan. Hien nay, con mdt nhom. 3 nUdc thupe didn mmh bach tha'p nhat IS' Afghanistan, Somali va Bae Trilu Tien.
Tai khu vUc Ddng Nam A, mu'c do thifc hien cung co khac nhau: Singapore din dau va cijng thudc nhdm dan dan thd' gidi, tiep theo la Brunei (hai khoang 38), Malaysia (hang khoang 53}
va nhdm g6m; Thdi Lan, Philippines.
Indonesia, Viet Nam (hang khoang tit 8f tdl 120); nhdm sau eijng Id: Myanmar, Ldo, Campuchia (hang khoang ti:f 150tdi 160) trdn tong so' khoang 180 nUdc tham gia. Cd nhij'ng nUde tid'n bd vUdt bae nhif Philippines, xd'p hang 134 vao nam 2O10 va nang din hang qua tifng nam dl tdi nam 2014 dat hang 85 ngang mdc vdi Thai Lan. Viet Nam va Indonesia chifa the hidn sU tid'n bo nhieu theo thdi gian.
Trong khoang thdi gian tif 2010-2014, Vidt Nam van d quanh hang tu! 112 tifi 123 (Bang 1).
Ddnh gid cua Ngdn hdng ThS'giM Tlf nam 2000, Ngan hang Thd' gidi da trien khai mot nghien eifu ve cong khai va minh bach trong ITnh vUc quan 1^ dai dai tai Viet Nam. PhUdng phap nghien c i ^ dUa vao bang ehiJng, khac v(S phUdng phap nghien cUu dUa vao dilutn dp cam nhan eua ngudi ddn. Nghidn cf dua vao bdng ehiJng la each lam mati tinh thue chiing: can bp nghien cdu a6iig vai ngUdi dan di tim edc thdng tin phi'
46
m
'^ cdng khai theo quy dinh cua phap luat, tu nguyen edng khai trdn mu'c phdp luat quy dinh va ghi nhan lai mpi bdng chUng
• , tim thay. Sau dd, dUa vdo cdc tidu chi ' ddnh gid de xe'p hang ve miJc dp cong
khai va minh bach eua edc dia phUdng . tham gia nghien edu.
, Ndm 2013, Ngan hang Thd' gidi da t6 }: chu'c nghien cUu lai theo phUPng phap ' nay vl cdng khai va minh bach trong iTnh
' vifc dat dai tren pham vi ta't ea ede tinh,
^ thanh pho trUc thupc Trung Udng. Tii day '" dua ra ke't luan ve: (i) Mu'c dp tie'n bp tai
* cdc ddn vi hdnh chinh cap tinh da tham '^ gia nghien cu'u nam 2010; (ii) Danh gia
"'" va xd'p hang ve tinh hinh thUe hidn edng '"' khai va minh bach trong linh vUc dat dai
tai 63 cdc ddn vi hdnh chinh ca^p tmh; (iii) I"!' Ghi nhdn bat cip trong thUc thi phdp luat
^ ve cdng khai vd minh bach, tim nguyen
^''^ nhdn vd d l xuS't giai phap.
'*'• Cac kd't iuan ma nghidn ciJu cua Ngan
^'"ihdng Thd' gidi ndm 2013 da nit ra bao
^'i" gom:
\ ThU nhdt, thong tin cong khai tren iim mang:
ft Nghidn ctfu da chd'ng minh rang, cd su [itil edi thidn d mpt so' khia canh trong cdng I IS khai thdng tin da't dai trdn mang. Co mot in .sd' tinh ldm td't v^ cung ed mpt so' tinh bi
i tut hau. Mae diJ viec xd'p hang nhU vay tfl I chi mang tinh tUdng dd'i va sU khac biet ' giifa nhu'ng tinh dd'ng gan nhau cung iiii[ khdng dang ke, nhirtig dii sao cung la mot ijr ddnh gid cd nhifng tae ddng tich cUc.
^IL Difa vdo nhiJng nhdm thdng tin dUde iftdanh gia bang ciing mdt bo deu chi
^ giong nhau trong ca hai giai doan 2010 jilivd 2013, cd t h i tha'y, sU dd'n bd trong lii thuc hidn edng khai thdng tin dat dai, jijmac dii khdng dupc cai thien ddng k l v l
ajcung cap bdn do quy hoach sit dung dat, nt hay ban do hien trang sit dung dd't. Tuy [IJ. khdng cd sU thay ddi trong vide dang tai ]l,i thdng tin v l thu tue cap gid'y chii'ng nhdn jiiquyin sit dung da't, song vide cung cd'p
thong tin ndy da cd tien bd ra't nhanh tiJf ij'jnam 2010.
'; Cdc ddt kilm tra trUc tuye'n cung cho .(tha'y, ed sU cai thidn dang ke trong vide I i cdng khai trifc tuyd'n Ioai thdng tin khdng
-bat bupc cdng khai theo quy dinh cua J phdp ludt. Ty le cdc tinh eong khai eac '. quye't dinh v l boi thudng, hd trd, tai dinh IjeU vd quye't djnh ve giao da't trdn trang
^ web da tdng ldn ddng ke, nhUng tyjd cdc . ttnh eung cap cde tieu chi giao dat trdn
mang lai khong ddng ke.
ThU hai, thdng tin niem yet cong khai ttii tru sd cO quan:
Nhom thong tin ve thu tue hanh ehinh rd't dd tie'p eai tai cac ndi thuc hidn thu tuc hdnh chinh. Thdng thudng' cdc thu tuc hdnh chinh Hen quan de'n gia'y chii'ng nhan quyen sit dung dat dUde nidm yd't trdn bang tin trong hay ngoai phong "Mot cu'a", cho phep ngUdi dan de dang tim kid'm eae thu tue hanh ehinh ciing vdi eac ITnh vUc khae, nhu: xdy dUng, tU phdp... Tuy nhidn, nhieu ndi coi vide niem yet thu tue hanh chinh ehi mang tinh hinh thUe, khong thue sif de phuc vu nhu elu eua ngUdi dan. Vl du, nhilu tnfdng hdp cdc thu tuc dUdc nidm yd't trong mdt gdc phong, khien eho viec tie'p can nhUng thong tin nay bi ban chd' vl tim nhin, hodc bang niem yet khdng dUde tu bo, dUdc ddt d ngoai trdi trong khu de xe, xa han ndi tiep nhan thu tuc.
Thdng dn ve quy hoaeh, ke' hoaeh stf dung da't va quy hoach dd thi dUdc cdng khai d mu'c dp han chd'hdn.
Cdc thong tin ve quy hoach suf dung dat ehi dUdc cong khai d khoang mdt ntfa so diem khao sdt. Quy hoach dd thi con dUdc cdng khai it hdn nhilu, ctf khoang 8 xd, thi mdi cd mpt xa dUde cung cap thong dn. O nhtfng ndi cdng khai, nhieu khi ciing edn mang tinh hinh thtfc, ngtfdi dan rd't khd xem dtfdc ban d l vi treo qud cao, hoae Iai treo mat ban do ap vao ttfdng, hoac cd't ban do trong tu, nhu tai: Ha TTnh, Phu Thp, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Thdi Binh va Ca Mau.
Thdng tin nidm yet lien quan tdi thu hoi da't, dif thao phUdng dn boi thudng, h§ trd, tdi dinh cU va phUdng an dUdc phd duyet thtfdng khd kiem tra. Khi mdt dia phtfdng cd kd'hoach thu hoi da't, thi se ed thdng tin lien quan de'n thdng bdo thu hoi da't, dU thdo phUdng an boi thudng, hd trd, tdi dinh eu, cting eac quye't dinh khae ed lidn quan. Theo cde quy dinh hidn hanh, dU thdo phUdng an bli thUdng, hd trd, tdi dinh cti phai dtfde nidm yd't tai tru sd UBND cap xa va tai khu ddn ctf ndi cd da't bl thu hoi d l xin J' kid'n ngtfdi dan bi anh htfdng trong thdi gian it nha't 20 ngay. Nhtf vay, sau 20 ngay niem yd't, ehinh quyen dia phtfdng c6 the gd bd thdng tm nay. Vi thd', khi yeu eau can bd phu trdch cung ca'p thong tin ndy, thi cau tra Idi thtfdng gap Id "phtfdng dn bli thtfdng, gidi phdng mat bang da dtfdc nidm yet r l i " hay "eong tdc boi thUdng da hodn ta't", thdng tin da dtfdc gd bd. Vdy ndn, rat khd danh gid tac dung eua each thtfc cdng khai cac thong tin theo kieu nhU vay.
Thdba, nhitng ly do thudng gap khi khdng duoc cung cdp thong tin:
NhiJng ndi khong mud'n cung ca'p cac thdng tin phai eong khai theo quy dinh cua phdp luat thudng dUa ra nhieu ly do khac nhau d l khdng cong khai. Pho bie'n nha't la cdc cdn bd ddn gian ttf chd'i cung cd'p thdng tin. Sau do, cd the tim cdc yeu cau khdc, nhU phai cd van thu gidi thieu eua cap ed tham quyen, hay nhUbdn vide, ndn chUa thtfc hidn dtfde. Cae ly do dtfa ra 6 cap tinh the hien d Bang 2 va d cd'p xd the hidn d Bang 3 dtfdi day. Nhffng con sd' nay cho thd'y, tinh trang thid'u hieu bid't luat phdp ve trach nhidm cua edng chtfc phai cung cd'p thdng tin, ngtfdi dan cd quyen tid'p cdn
47
BANG 2: CAC LY DO KHOMG CUNG CAP THOMG TIM Dddc GHI NHAN 6 CAC TINH
So tinh khong cung cap thong tin {tren long Trons do, li do duac neu Id 1. Tinh khong co thuyei minh, quy hoach do 2. Can bo linh t&cho'i cung cap thong tin 3. C^n bo phu trach khdng c6 mat tai cd quan hoac dang nghi ph6p
4. Tai hSu dd bi mat mi\. hU hong 5. Tai heu se difdc cung cap khi tra tien 6. Can bo tinh veu cau phai co gia'v gu5i thieu
Thu tuc hanh chinh 6
1 3 2 0 0 2
Quy hoach, ke
hoach sS duna da't 13
2 9 2 0 0 1
Quy hoach do thi 17
3 10 4 0 i 4
Phtftfiig iin boi thiTcfng, ho IrO Vit
\&.i dinh cif 36
0 21 13 0 0 7
BANG 3: CAC LY DO KHONG CQNG CAP THONG TIN Qli^Q GHI NHAN dCAPXA
So xa khong cung c§p thong tin (trong tong so 321 xa) Trong do. ly do duac neu la.
1. Xa khong co tai lieu d6 2 Can bp xii ttf choi cung cap thong tin
3. Can bo phu trach khong co mat d cd quan hoac dang nghi phep 4. Tai heu bi mat mat, rdch hong 5.Tai lieu chi dUcJc cung cap khi tra tien
6. Can bp xa yeu c3u phai c6 giS'y gidi thieu
Thu tuc hanh chinh 58
8 12 28 2 0 3
Danh sach hp gia dinh dii dieu kien cap GCN QSDDDD 166
44 37 63 0 0 11
Quy hoach, ke hoach
su" dung d^t
132
26 27 62 0 0 16
Quy hoach do thi
70
27 15 24 0 0 3
Phu'tJng dn boi thirfing, he tret va tai dinh cif
152
53 3!
62 0 0 12
BANG 4; BANG CHCfNG VE S^f QGAN TAM CUA LANH Di^O CAC TINH QGAN TAM SE THtfC HigN TOT HCJN
Diem so kiem tra trang web bmh qu3n cua 33 tinh nhan difcJc thtf thong bao
* Cua 6 tinh da eoi dien lai
* Cua 27 tinh dd khong ggi dien lai
Diim Ji5'kiem tra trang web binh quan nam
2010 0,32 0.23 0,37
Diem 50'kiem tra trang web binh qu3n nam
2013 0,42 0,46 0,46
Mifc cdi lhi$n binh qu3n vi kiim tra trang web 2010-2013
Giai doan 1 +0,103 +0.229 +0,097 Chii iliich: Su chenh lech trong mUc do cdi thien co y nghia thd'p ve mat thdng ke
•I do Iin cgy 159c. Bdng ndy ghi nhgn su cdi thien trudc khi Ihu ihong bdo dUoc g^i di
thdng tin, dii khdng co thtf gidi thidu. Day eung la mot bdng chtfng khdng dinh vai tro quan trgng cua Ludt v l Quyen tid'p can thdng tin.
Thi^ tu, tdc dong lich cue cua nghien cdu vao cdi thien thuc hien cong khai va minh bach thong tin ddt dai:
Cdc nghien etfu v l ddnh gid mtfc do thtfc hidn cdng khai va minh bach thdng tin trong quan ly da't dai cd tdc dong rat tich ctic tdi thUe thi phap luat. Kd't qua
dieu tra dUdc lanh dao cdc dia phifong ddn nhdn vd thuc hien cdi thidn tinh Mnh thue thi phdp luat ve cdng khai va minji bach thdng tin. Cae tinh cd gidi lanh dao ndng ddng hdn, quan tam nhieu hdn tdi viec thtfc hidn td't vd cdi thien minh bach eung se quan tam dd'n vide tra ldi thii thdng bao ke't qua. NhU vay, nhan to'lanh dao cd lien quan tdi va'n de quan dilm va nang lUc trong thUc hien cdng khai va cung cd'p thdng tin (Bang 4).
VT THANH
Dd'i vdi nhffng viee chung, nhifng viec cd lien quan tdi Idi ich cua nhieu ngUdi, ai eung mud^n mpi thtf diu difdc eong khai, minh bach. The nhtfng, mol sd' ngudi ed y do mud'n minh dtfdc ta ieh nhieu hdn da phai tim mpi cdch de' khdng cdng khai, hoac thie'u cdng khai, hoae cd cong khai, song thid'u minh bach, hoac khdng minh bach. Vi the', cdng khai thid'u minh bach thtfdng dUdc the hien dudi dang: cdng khai d chd td'i; cone khai, nhifng thie'u nhffng dff lieu ed ban;
eong khai dUdi dang ehung chung... Cac dang cdng khai, nhifng thid'u minh bacli nhtf vay ngtfdi ta vdn gpi Id vui la "tranb td'i - tranh sdng" hay "chang vang". Ngfl eanh nay da dtfdc nhilu tieu thuydt gia lUa ebon lam bd'i canh cho nhffng cau chuyen ly ky eua minh.
ThUc tidn the'gidi eho tha'y, trong sil phdt trien eiia mdt da't nUdc, cong kiiai vd minh bach la yd'u to' cd ban d^ dan dtfdng cho phat trien. Id dieu kidn can^
thoat bay "thu nhap trung binh", vifdn len hang cdc nUde edng nghidp cd thu nhap cao. Bdi, edng khai va minh bacli la ye'u to'can thie't de tao dong thudn si hdi, dong thuan gitfa nhdn dan va ni nUdc, tao long tin cua dan vao Nha nifdc.
md con giam sat boat ddng ciia Nha niJ^c - ngudi dai didn eho quyen lUe cua Nhan ddn. NgUdi dan cd thdng tin khdng chid^
tham gia vdo vide chung cua Nhd nifde Day cung la ye'u td' cd ban d l phdt hu) ddng luc tang trUdng bang nguln nhan lUe. Ben eanh dd, edng khai va minh bach la gidi phap cd't loi de tao nang lUdngtB thdng tin trong qua trinh phdt trien kin^
te' tri thffc. Thdng tin se tao ndn nhiing gid tri gia tang rd't Idn eho phdt triln. HUB nUa, cong khai va minh bach la giai ph#
quan trgng nhat d l phong, chd'ng thaif nhung, hudng tdi mgt xa hdi thtfc stf dat.
chti, edng bang, van minh.
48
Kinh 1C-' vk D #m
J Dieu dang buon Id dil ai eiing j; bie't, cdng khai vd minh bach ii'l'ihdng tin Id ciri thid't, nhtfng vi
• sao thifc hien van chUa td't hoac Jthtfe hien eung chu ye'u mang Ttinh hinh thtfc? Trong nhieu ITnh ,.Vtfc khac, vide cdng khai eon
"dtfdc thtfc hien dUdi dang edng .""^khai ede thdng tin, ma khdng ai ''can, lai giau di nhffng thdng tin
mgi ngtfdi rift cin. Die'n hinh la vide cdng khai ngan sdch nha ntfdc cde cap.
Nguydn nhdn nhtf tdi da de
°°:cdp d tren, la do "^ do rieng"
'™va ldi tch cd nhan. Bdi, theo
"'^mgt so' hgc gia quoe te", tinh toan
"'•"tham nhung dtfdc do bang edng '^''^htfc: tham nhung = doc quyen
*>+ cda quyen - minh bach thong
^^' 'in - trdch nhiem gidi trinh. Dieu J[iiinay dong nghia rdng, trong mgt it.ii'xa hdi, nd'u ddc quyen cang Idn, 1*. 3tfng bit Ihdng tin eang nhieu vd Bii rach nhidm giai trinh cang it, thi xa hpi LJi 3d cang dien ra tham nhung nhilu.
lOii Thtfc tiln the' gidi cung da chtfng iiiilTiinh, viec thtfc hien cong khai va mmh
™tDach ludn gap nhffng thach thtfc vd cilng
•lidn d ede nUde dang phat trien va cac [•; lUdc c6 nin kinh td' chuyin doi. Ly do ic:hij ye'u la tU tUdng phong kien va tU udng bao cap van cdn ton tai nhU "hon ,;,-Ia tang" trong tuduy quan ly.
f (((i Tai Viet Nam, nhieu nam qua da tin [j^.ai mdt thUc trang: Qua edng tac thanh ij„ ra, kiem toan phat hien nhilu sai pham,
^|, hat thodt ldn v l tien, tdi sdn, nhtfng hau
^^id't Id kid'n nghi xtf 1;^ hanh chinh; so' vu ..,,ham nhijng ehuye'n cd quan dilu tra xiJ
,y hinh stf ra't it. Trong qud trtnh thanh .jjta, cd quan thanh tra phdt hien ed da'u
^iiidu tdi pham, nhu'ng khong chuyen
\^ igay cho cd quan dieu tra xuf ly theo quy
"' ijnh, md phai chd de'n khi cd ke't luan
•||. hanh tra mdi chuyen, gdy khd khan eho
• lde ed quan tid'n hanh td'tung trong viec ['^ ';iu thdp ehi^g ctf, phdt hien va xff ly tpi
' ham tham nhung. Theo bdo cao cua
Thanh tra Chinh phu, trong thdi gian qua eae cap, eae ngdnh da tie'n hanh thanh tra tren 62.000 vu vide, song mdi phat hien va chuyen cd quan dieu tra cd 464 vu vide, chl chie'm co 0,6% tdng so' vu thanh tra. Nhilu dai bieu qudc hgi da phai ddt edu hdi phai chang cd xu htfdng hanh chinh hda cac vu an hinh stf lien quan dd'n tham nhung, hoac cd stf "nan ddng, be ghi" ldm ehuye'n htfdng ke't qua thanh tra?
Vl thd', theo tdi, de Viet Nam tie'n tdi edng khai, minh bach thtfc stf, thi viec edng khai thong tin quan ly khdng ndn hilu chi nhtf mgt npi dung thtfc hien quy dinh ciia phap luat, ma can dtfdc hilu nhtf mpt did'm ban l l d l tao ddng lUc phdt trie'n nham thoat khdi bdy
"thu nhap trung binh". Bdi, nhin len ban do ve minh bach cua cdc qud'c gia tren the' gidi ed t h i tha'y, cac chi sd' minh bach ludn tUdng dong vdi eac ehi sd' thu nhap tinh theo dau ngUdi. Do do, de chiing ta phat trien nhanh va b i n vffng, chi cd each thay ddi ttf tu duy, ttf xdy dung phap ludt, tdi thtfc thi phap ludt ve cdng khai thdng tin va tdi stf dung thong tin. 'Theo dd, vide ban hdnh Ludt ve Quyen tie'p can thdng tin la khdng t h i tri hoan du bat ky ly do gi. Cd nhtf the', mdi cd dtfde hieu qua eai each thtfc chat ve the che' vd mdi ed cd hgi phat trien kinh te'gan vdi bin vffng xa hpi.Q
!'- TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
fin
''^ 1. Chinh phu (2002). Nghi dinh sd 33/2002IND-CP, ngay 28/3/2002 quy dinh chi tiet thi hdnh
^'^'^'hdp lenh Bdo ve bi mat nhd nU&c
'^f 2. Ngan hang The'gidi (2014). Nghien cUu Cong khai Thong tin Ddt dai, cdng bd' ngay 12/12/2014
""'•• 3. To chtfc Minh bach qud'c td' (2014). Chi sd Cdm nhan Tham nhung 2014, cdng bd' ngay 't^'^/12/2014
