DOI Mdi HOP TAC G I C A CO sd GIAO DUC NGHE NGHIEP v d l CAC DOANH NGHIEP DAP U'NG YEU CAU
CONG NGHIEP HOA HIEN DAI HOA vA HOI NH/\P QUOC TE
ThS. Nguyen Quyet Tie'n Vien Nghien edu Khoa hgc dgy nghe
Tom tat
Hgp t i c giQa co sd g i i o due nghe nghiep vdi doanh nghiep trong d i o tao l i rat can thiet de n i n g cao chat iQgng ngudn nhan iQc.Tuy nhien, thdi gian qua sQ hgp t i c con rat ban che, Bii viet de xuat cic g i i i p h i p tang cQdng hgp tac bao gom: Ddi mdi q u i n ly d i o tao trong cic cO sdTVET;
Xay dung he thdng hd trg viec l i m trong cae cO sdTVET; Phit trie'n he thdng d i n h g i i ky n i n g ; mdi g i i i p h i p dua ra 2 muc tieu, thUe hien dUgc muc tieu s e t i n g cQdng dQgc sQhgp t i c nhu ky vgng.
Tdkhoa: Boi mdi, hap tde, eO sd gido due nghi nghiep, doanh nghiip.
Abstract
Cooperation between vocational institutions and enterprises in training are essential to en- hance the quality of human resources. However, the last time the cooperation is still limited. The paper proposes measures to strengthen cooperation include: Innovation management training in TVET institutions; Construction employment support system in TVET institutions; Develop skills as- sessment system; each solution offering 2 goals, realizable goals will strengthen the cooperation as expected.
Keywords: Innovation, the cooperation, professional institution, enterprise.
1. Co sof phap ly de thifc hien hgp tac giQa CO sd giao due nghe nghiep va doanh nghiep
1.1. Cdc vdn kien cda Odng
Van kien Dai hdi XII k h i n g dinh de Phit trien nhanh ben vQng sdm dUa nUdc ta co b i n thanh nudc cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai mdt trong nhQng dinh hudng Idn can thUc hien quyet liet la:
"Odi mdi cdn bdn va todn dien gido due, ddo tqo; phdt trien, ndng cao chdt lUc/ng nguon nhdn lu-c;...."
Trong V i n kien Oai hdi XII lan niy, ke thQa quan die'm cua nhiem ky trUdc, Oang ta dUa ra dudng Idi ddi mdi can b i n , t o i n dien g i i o due, d i o tao, phat trien nguon nhan lUc, xac dinh d i y la mdt ke sich, qudc sach h i n g d i u , tieu diem cua sU phat trien, mang tinh dot p h i , khai md con dUdng n i n g cao chi't lugng ngudn n h i n lUc Viet Nam trong the ky XXI, khang dinh triet ly n h i n sinh mdi cua nen g i i o due nUdc n h i "day ngUdi, day chu, day nghe".
Nghi quyet sd 29-NQ/TW n g i y 4/11/2013 cua Ban Chap h i n h Trung uang Dang khda XI ve"D6i mdi c i n b i n , t o i n dien g i i o due v i d i o tao, dap Qng yeu c i u edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda trong dieu kien kinh te thj trUdng djnh hudng xa hgi chu nghTa v i hdi n h i p qudc te" eung neu rd: SU nghiep cdng nghiep h o i , hien dai h o i di't nUdc va hdi nhap qudc te ddi hdi phai cd ngudn nhin luc chat lugng cao, trong khi ngudn lue qudc gia va k h i nang d i u tU cho g i i o due cua N h i nUdc va phan ddng gia dinh cdn han che. Cha't lugng ngudn n h i n lUe cdn thap, d i t ra nhiem vu nang ne va thach thQc Idn ddi vdi sU p h i t trien giio due va d i o tao.
Ddi vdi giao due nghe nghiep, tap trung dio tao n h i n iQc cd kien thQc, ky n i n g v i trich nhiem nghe nghiep. Hinh t h i n h he thdng g i i o due nghe nghiep vdi nhieu phuong thUc v i trinh do d i o tao ky nang nghe nghiep theo hudng Qng dung, thuc hanh, b i o d i m d i p Qng nhu cau n h i n lucky thuat cdng nghe cua thj trudng lao ddng trong nUdc v i qudc te.
[6] K H O A HOC D A Y N G H E So 34 thang 7/2016
Ndi dung giao due nghe nghiep duge x i y dung theo hudng tich hgp kien thQc, ky n i n g , t i c phong l i m viec chuyen nghiep de hinh t h i n h nang luc nghe nghiep cho ngUdi hgc.
Khuye'n khich cae doanh nghiep, c i n h i n sQ dung lao ddng tham gia hd trg hoat ddng dao tao.
1.2. Cdc vdn bdn ludt
Quyen va trach nhiem cua doanh nghiep trong boat ddng giao due nghe nghiep dugc the che hda tai dieu 51, 52 Luat GDNN Sd74/2014/
QH13 cd hieu luc tQ n g i y 01 t h i n g 7 n i m 2015.
Dieu 30, 31 Nghi dinh Sd 48/2015/ND-CP ngay 15 t h i n g 05 nam 2015 cua ehinh phu quydjnh chi tiet mgt sd dieu cua Luit Giao due nghe nghiep qui dinh chi tiet quyen v i nghia vu cua doanh nghiep trong hoat ddng g i i o due nghe nghiep.
2. ThUc trang sU hgp tac giQa cc* scr TVET va doanh nghiep
2.1.ThUe trang sUhgp tdc
Giii quyet dugc SQhgp t i c giQa casd TVET vdi cic doanh nghiep se la ddng lue cho sU p h i t trien cua ngudn nhan lUc d i p Qng vdi nhu c i u xa hdi.
Tuy nhien, thdi gian qua, sUhgp t i e n i y chUa dugc nhieu, chu yeu l i hoat ddng dUa sinh vien di thUc tap. Cic hoat ddng eung cap thdng tin ve nhu cau tuyen dung, nhu c i u thUc tap chi thUc hien dUgc d mUc trung binh. Cae hoat ddng mdi sinh vien thanh dat d doanh nghiep den ndi chuyen, mdi chuyen gia eua doanh nghiep den g i i n g day thuc hien duoc rat it. IVIdi doanh nghiep tham gia xay dung chi tieu ke hoach d i o tao, x i y dUng chuong trinh thuc hien rat han ehe. Xie djnh viec hgp t i c mang lai Igi ich cho cac ben lien quan va Igi ieh chung cua xa hdi, doanh nghiep ung hd va sSn sing hgp t i c vdi co sd TVET. Nhung trong thuc te, cae chuang trinh hgp t i c vdi doanh nghiep tai cic CO sdTVET cdn r i t han che. Vay dieu gi da c i n trd cic chuang trinh hgp tac vdi doanh nghiep trien khai thgc hien tai cic co sdTVET. Theo ddnh gid ciia cde ea sdTVET: ye'u td c i n trd Idn n h i t de phat trien cac ehuang trinh hgp t i c la N h i nude thie'u eac quy dinh khuyen khich hoac b i t budc CO sd TVET cung nhu doanh nghiep hgp tac vdi nhau. Cae ye'u td c i n trd k h a c l i ca sdTVET thie'u cic thdng tin ve doanh nghiep; can bd, giao vien thie'u cic ky nang ve phat trien quan he hgp t i c vdi doanh nghiep; co sd TVET thie'u cic quy djnh
khuye'n khich eac khoa thuc hien cac chuang trinh hgp t i e vdi doanh nghiep
2.2. Nhdng trd ngai md ca sd TVET thudng gap phdi
- Khd k h i n trong viee nam dugc yeu c i u cua doanh nghiep ve ky n i n g hien tai, tUOng lai v i nhu cau tiem nang. Viec dao tao ehua d i p Qng nhu cau hien tai thi dap Qng nhu c i u tuang lai cang khd khan.
Thdng tin ve nhu eau cua doanh nghiep khdng day du de chia se cho ngUdi hgc
- Vj the xa hdi thap cua eac hge vien tdt nghiep TVET da l i m chocdng t i c tuyen sinh eua cic casd TVET khd khan, chat lugng dau v i o thap.
2.3. Nhdng khd khdn cua doanh nghiep Viet Nam
- Doanh nghiep Viet Nam thudng khd khan trong viec tiep can cic ca sdTVET de tim kiem cic ky thuat vien lanh nghe
- Vat va trong viec tim kie'm lao ddng cho cic vi tri can tuye'n (suthieu hut n h i n lUccd du ky nang) Su chuyen viec thudng xuyen cua ngUdi lao dgng
- Han che ve nang lUc cua ngUdi lao ddng mdi tuyen dung (phai d i o tao lai). IWi hg khdng du nang lUc ve t i i chinh (rui ro sau khi dao tao du nang luc ngudi lao dgng lai nhay viec)
3. Cac giai phap thuc day sU hgp tac cac ccr sdTVET vdi doanh nghiep
3.7. Doi mdi qudn ly ddo tqo trong cdc ctf sd TVET:
Cic c i n bg quan ly trong cic ca sdTVET phan Idn deu trudng t h i n h tU cic g i i o vien, cdn ye'u ve nghiep vu quan ly. Hg chUa cd nhieu kien thQc v i ky nang quan ly d i o tao theo chu trinh PCDA trong d i o tao.
3.2. Xdy dung be thdng bo trq viec Idm trong cdc cd sdTVET: Bd p h i n nay nghien cQu nhu c i u nhan luc trong cac doanh nghiep va ke't ndi thdng tin giua ngudi hge vdi nai sQ dung lao ddng.
3.3. Phdt trien he tbdng ddnh gid ky ndng:
(Hdi ddng ky nang nganh)
He thdng d i n h gia ky nang d i n h g i i khich quan ky nang cho ngUdi Lao dgng va ngudi hgc va du tin c i y cho cac doanh nghiep.
So 34 thing 7/2016 K H O A HOC D A Y NGHE [7]
4. Muc tieu ciia cac giai phap:
4.1. Ooi mdi qudn ly dao tqo cua cdc cd sd TVET
Muc tieu 1:0di mdi q u i n ly d i o tao cua cic eo sdTVET de tang cUdng hgp t i c vdi doanh nghiep d i m bao cd lgi cho t i t c i cic ben va ngUdi hgc.
D i y la muc tieu d i u tien v i quan trgng nhi't vi nd l i nen mdng cho cic hoat ddng khic.
De thuc hien giai phap n i y cic ben p h i i cd cic h i n h ddng can thiet nhu sau:
Chinh sich ddi vdi giao vien cua cic ca sd TVET: Cic CO sd TVET can cd chinh sich thu hut Giao vien cd ky nang nghe phu hgp vdi sin xuat ve g i i n g day chu y dac biet den cac ky thuat vien lanh nghe dang tham gia s i n xui't tai cie doanh nghiep. Bdi dudng n i n g cao ky nang cho g i i o vien, dUa giao vien tham gia v i o q u i trinh sin xua't cua doanh nghiep.
Doanh nghiep can duy tri kenh ddi thoai md vdi cae Co sd TVET Cic td chUc trung gian nhu Hiep hdi doanh nghiep. Ban q u i n ly cac khu cdng nghiep ddng vai trd l i trung t i m thdng tin giQa Co sdTVET vdi doanh nghiep.
Nha nudc tao nhieu co hdi hon nQa de gan ket mdi quan he Co sdTVET vdi doanh nghiep de hg thao l u i n ve chuang trinh dao tao phu hgp.
Muc tieu 2: Thuc day sU p h i t trien chuang trinh dao tao nang ddng.
Hien nay cae Chuang trinh d i o tao dang dugc chuyen cho cic co sd TVET xay dUng. Cic cO sd TVET cd gang thu t h i p thdng tin ve nhu cau ky nang, nhUng nhieu Co sdTVET khdng du nang lUc xay dung chuang trinh dao tao.
De thuc hien muc tieu nay can cd eac hanh ddng can thiet sau:
Cic Co sd TVET t i n dung tdi da chuong trinh d a c d d e dieu chinh, cai tien eho phu hgpvdi nhu cau nhan luc cua doanh nghiep,
Cic doanh nghiep c i n chu ddng chia se vdi cic Ca sdTVET cic thdng tin lien quan den nhu cau ky nang. SUquan tam den cac khda bdi dudng ky nang cho giao vien v i cho ngudi lao dgng.
Nha nudc khan trUOng x i y dung hanh lang p h i p ly, cac chuan dau ra, cic hudng d i n can thiet
de eic CO sd T'v/ET cd c i n cQ de xay dUng ehuong trinh dao tao cd sU tham gia cua doanh nghiep.
4.2. Xdy ddng he tbdng ho tra viic Idm trong ca sdTVET
He thdng Ho trg viec lam phai thuc hien dugc 2 mue tieu:
Muc tieu 1 : Cung cap thdng tin ve CO hdi viec l i m mdt c i c h day du v i chinh x i e tdi ngUdi hge nghe. Oe dat dugc muc tieu n i y c i n cd eae hinh dgng sau:
Cie Co sdTVET nen t h i n h lap bd p h i n ho trg nghe nghiep vdi d i y du n h i n lUc, l i thay cd giio, phu huynh hgc sinh h o i c nhQng ngQdi cd quan he mat thie't vdi n h i trudng cd nhieu t r i i nghiem trong nghe nghiep.
Nha nude xay dUng chinh sich de thuc di'y g i i n g vien, v i mdt sd ngQdi ed nhieu t r i i nghiem hoac cd ky nang h i n h nghe cao thuc hien tUvan nghe nghiep nang ddng cho ngUdi hgc nghe.
Muc tieu 2: n i n g cao c h i t lugng eic chQdng trinh thQc t i p , Oe dat dugc muc tieu n i y can ed cic h i n h ddng sau:
Co sd TVET nhanh chdng c i l tie'n qui trinh x i y dung, thUc hien va d i n h gia cic chuang trinh thuc t i p .
Doanh nghiep nen hgp t i e c h i t ehe vdi Co sd TVET de eung x i y dung chuong trinh thUc tap de cd Igi choca hai ben.
N h i nude nen p h i n tich cac trd ngai m i doanh nghiep, Co sdTVET va ngUdi hgc nghe gap phai trong cic chuang trinh thUc tap hien nay v i n h i n rdng cic chuong trinh thUc t i p hieu q u i .
4.3. Phdt trien He thdng ddnh gid ky ndng He tho'ng danh gia ky nang can thUc hien dUgc 2 muc tieu chinh
Muc tieu 1 : Can c i i thien do tin cay v i sU thQa n h i n xa hgi cua cic ky thi d i n h gia ky nang. Oe dat dugc dieu nay can c i c h i n h dgng sau:
Cac Co sd TVET can t d chQc thu nhan, phan tich ky cie ky n i n g i p dung trong eic doanh nghiep khi x i y dUng c i c tieu chuan ky n i n g v i cic ky thi d i n h gia ky n i n g .
Doanh nghiep can chu ddng tham gia v i o xay dung quy trinh ndi dung cic tieu chuan ky ning
[8] K H O A H O C D A Y N G H E So 34 thang 7/2016
v i cie ky thi d i n h g i i ky nang.
N h i nudc khuye'n khich eic doanh nghiep tham gia vao quy trinh phat trien he thdng d i n h gia ky nang thdng qua viee xay dung, thue hien cae ehinh sich v i tuyen truyen van ddng.
Muc tieu 2: Cic ky thi d i n h g i i ky nang nen dugc md rdng mgt each ehien lugc v i ben vung.
De dat dugc dieu n i y can cd cic hanh ddng.
Cic Co sdTVET can phat trien nang lue eua cic g i i n g vien la nhQng d i n h g i i vien trong cic ky thi kynang, bang cich dua vao thUc tien sin xuat, Bdi dudng mdt each he thdng eic ky nang c i n cd tai doanh nghiep.
Doanh nghiep c i n cQ ngUdi lao ddng tham gia cic ky thi ky nang thudng xuyen lien tuc trong chuang trinh phat trien ky nang cua ndi bd doanh nghiep.
Nha nudc dua ra mdt Id trinh kha thi de xay dung CO che quan ly va t i i chinh ben vQng de tie'n hanh cac ky thi ky nang nghe thudng xuyen tren t o i n qudc.
De xem xet tie'n do thUc hien cic hanh ddng can cd cic chi sd theo ddi mac du tim ra ehi sd de do ludng la rat khd khan nhung cd the sQ dung cic chi sd dai dien (i) ty le cd viec lam dung nghe dao tao cua ngudi hgc nghe tdt nghiep (ii) Cic chi sd ve sU thie'u hut ky nang v i khoang cich ky nang. IWQc thu nhap cua ngQdi ed ky nang tdt.
Nhieu Co sd TVET da nhan thUc dugc tam quan trgng cua viec dap Qng nhu cau ve ky nang cua doanh nghiep.Tuy nhien de hien thue hda d i o tao "dua tren nhu ciu".cdn nhieu trd ngai ho rat can sQ ho trg tU cac doanh nghiep va n h i nude.
Quan he ddi tac 3 ben khdng chi nang cao nang
lUc cho Co sdTVET m i cdn eai tien thdng tin ve nhu e i u ky nang mdt c i c h rd r i n g ban v i cd the xQ ly duge cua ben eung cap lao ddng l i cic ca sd dao tao.
Ba g i i i p h i p , mdi g i i i p h i p cd hai muetieu cu the, thuc hien dQgc cae muc tieu eua cic g i i i p h i p se dem lai Igi ich cho tat c i cic ben, n h i nudc, ea sdTVET, doanh nghiep, ngUdi hgc, dat dugc mue tieu chung p h i t trien ngudn n h i n lUc chat lugng cao cho dat nudc L )
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1. Bao eio cua Ban Chap hanh Trung uang D i n g khda XI ve c i c van kien Oai hdi Xil cua Ding,http://daihoi12.dangcongsan.vn/Modules/
N e w s / N e w s D e t a i I . a s p x ? e o _ i d = 2 8 340743 &
cn_id=405097
2. Nghi quyet sd 29-NQ/TW n g i y 4/11/2013 Hdi nghi Trung uang 8 khda XI ve ddi mdi can b i n , t o i n dien g i i o due v i dao tao
3 . h t t p : / / w w w . h a n o i . d i p l o . d e / V e r t r e t u n g / hanoi/vi/08-wirtschaft/08-08_20Arbeit_2C_20Aus- bildung_20und_20Studium_20in_20Deutseh- land/Arbeiten-Studieren-zum-Kopieren/Dua
4. Junichi iVIori, Oe xuat chinh sich: Thuc day mdi quan he ddi t i c ba ben de giai quyet sU khap khieng trong ky nang jiCA Viet Nam
5 . h t t p : / / w w w . b a o m o i . c o m / d o t - p h a - c h a t - luong-day-nghe-tu-mo-hinh-kep/c/10004520.epi
N g i y n h a n b a i : 15/7/2016 Ngay p h i n bien: 20/7/2016 Ngay dang:Thang 7/2016
