HOAT 0 6 N G KH-CN
NUOl CUA BliN B/iNG L 6 N G XBV CA TRONG AO B A T dOlENCHHU
• Nguyin Qu5' Hidu Sd KH&CNNgh$ An
I. DAT VAN fit
Cua bifin (Scylla serrata) Id lodi hdi sdn cd gid trj dinh duang cao. Nhifiu nudc vd Idnh th6 trfin thd gidi nhu:
Nhgt, Phap, Hong Kdng... da nhgp khdu s6 lugng ldn cua song, cua udp ddng, cua che bien de ddp u'ng nhu cau tifiu dung ngay cdng tdng. d Vifit Nam, trong nhffng ndm gdn day, tifin bp khoa hgc trong vific sinh sdn nhdn tgo cua giong da gdp phdn thuc day phong trdo nudi cua xuat khau ngay cdng phdt trifin, nhat la cdc tinh ven bifin Ddng bang song Cffu Long.
Tuy nhifin, nghfi nudi cua bifin d nude ta dang ddi mat vdi nhifiu thdch thue dfi phdt trifin bfin vffng vfi cd thuc an nudi vd hinh thuc nudi. Hifin nay, ngodi hinh thffc nudi cua chu yeu Id nudi trong ao ddt nude lg, hinh thirc nudi cua long trong ao da dugc thu nghiem thanh edng d mpt sd tinh nhu Hdi Phdng, Qudng Ninh, huyfin Can Gid (TP Hd Chi Minh)... vdi nhieu uu difim nhu: khac phyc dugc cde nhugc diem ciia hinh thirc nudi cua truyfin thdng, ed thfi nudi cua ket hgp vdi cdc ddi tugng thuy sdn khdc nhu tdm, cd; dfi ddng chdm sdc, qudn ly nen ddm bao dugc ty le sdng cao; chu ddng kiem soat dugc bfinh djch trong qud trinh nudi; hgn chfi sy an thit ldn nhau vd hodn todn
Nudi cua bi6n trong ldng
chii dpng trong vdn dd thu hogch sdn phdm, do dd cho hifiu qud kinh te cao ban.
Xudt phdt tff thyc tien trfin, dy dn "lfng dung tiin bQ khoa hpc - cong ngh? xdy dymg mo hinh nuoi cua biin (Scylla serrata) bdng long xen cd trong ao dat tgi huy^n Dim Chdu" da dugc to chirc thyc hifin nhdm pho bien hinh thue nudi mdi hifiu qud eho ba con trfin dja ban tinh.
II. KET QUA DAT DlT^C 2.1. Ket qua thyc hien m^t so npi dung phuc vu xay dung mo hinh
Dfi td chuc thuc hifin tdt cdng tdc xay dyng md hinh, co quan chu tri thye hifin du dn da phoi hgp vdi Trung tam chuyfin giao cdng nghfi thupc Vifin Hdi sdn Hdi Phong tifin hdnh difiy tra khdo sdt, lya chpn dja difim trifin khai xay dyng md hinh tgi Cdng ty TNHH 1 thdnh vifin thiiy sdn Anh Duong, xa Difin Ky, huyfin Difin Chau vdi dien tich 0,7ha vd tgi hp dng Hodng Minh Long, xdm Vgn Dong, xa Difin Van, huyfin Difin Chau vdi dien tich 0,3ha; to chuc 1 dgt hpc tap kinh nghifim nudi cua trong Idng tgi thdnh phd Hai Phdng vd tinh Qudng Ninh nham gdp phan nang cao kien thuc thyc tfi nudi cua Idng cho cdn bp ky thugt vd ngudi dan tham gia xay dyng md hinh; td chirc ddo tao, tgp hudn cho 5 cdn bO ky thugt va 1 hp dan tryc tiep tifip xay dyng md hinh ndm vffng vd thyc hdnh tdt cdc quy trinh ky thugt nudi cua trpng l6ng.
2.2. Ket qua chudn bi ao, long nudi cua va giong cua, ca phuc vu xay dung mo hinh
- Sau khi chgn dugc dia difim xay dung md hinh, don vi da tien hdnh cdi tgo ap nudi, bdn vdi khu chua, cap nude vao ao, chuan bj ldng nudi. Long nudi eua dugc
Sd 11/2012_ Thang tin KH-CN Nghf An [9]
HOAT OONG KH-CN
^ng sdn lugng cd rd phi tinh thuang pham thu
^ch dugc ciia cd 2 djn didm en khai md hinh trong 2 ndm i 2.57')kg cd thuang phdm, t'ugt so vai myc tifiu dc ra Id 979kg.
2.4. I l i ? u qud k i n h ti- - xii hpi cua mo h i n h
2.4. L Hifu qud .\d h(>i Troiii; 2 ndm thyc hifin, d y an dd \a> d y n g thdnh cdng md hinh nudi cua trong l6ng xen cd trong ao \ d i difin tich Iha t6 chuc thd 4,286 l6ng/ndm. cho thu hogch 186S,2kg eua t h u a n g phdm vd 2.579kg ca t h u a n g phdm, doanh thu 530.225.000 ddng vd chp Igi nhugn 275.662.000 d6ng, tinh ra m 6 i ndm iren Iha nudi cua long ket hgp nudi ed rd phi dan tinh cho Igi nhugn trung binh 137 831.000 dong.
Nudi eua trong long xen cd cho hifiu qua kinh tfi cao, tdng thu nhap trfin mgt dan vj difin tich nudi trdng. Dieu ndy khdng djnh hinh thuc nudi cua trong Idng Id hinh thirc nudi cd gid trj kinh tfi, ngodi san phdm la cua cdn cd them sdn phdm cd rd phi dan tinh nfin cd thfi phdt trien nhdn rpng phpng trdo nudi ndy tgi Ngh? A n trong mdi trudng nudc mdn, Ig.
2.4.2. Hifu qud xa hgi
Sy thanh cdng bude ddu trpng vific Ung dyng tien bp khoa hpc - cdng nghfi nudi cua bien bdng ldng xen ca trong ao dam nudc I g da mang lgi hifiu qua nhieu m^t: Dua thfim dugc mpt phuang thirc nudi m d i , mpt ddi tugng nudi m d i , cd gid trj kinh tfi cap vdp nudi, ldm phpng phu hinh thuc nudi, gipng Ipdi nudi thuy sdn nudc man, l g cua tinh nhd, tang
doanh thu, ldng hifiu qud kinh tfi trfin mgt don vj difin tich mdt nude; G i i i p ngudi ddn nudi cua tiep cgn dugc cdc tien bg khoa hpc - cdng nghfi gdp phan phdt trifin nghe nudi thiiy ddc san, trong dd cd nudi cua bien, tgo vific ldm cho ndng ngu dan, tdng thu nhgp vd da dgng hod sdn phdm hang hod thuy sdn.
3. K e t l u a n vd k i e n n g h j
3.LKeiiu0n
D y dn dd xay d y n g thanh cdng md hinh nudi eua t h u a n g pham bdng Idng xen ea tgi huy?n Difin Chdu, Nghfi A n , vdi sdn lugng dgt 1.863kg va 2.579kg, ndng suat cua binh qudn dgt 9,315tdn/ha. Cdc md hinh dfiu dgt hifiu qud kinh te eao va cd khd ndng nhdn rpng sdn xudt tren dja bdn tinh Ngh? A n .
D y dn dd td chuc tiep nhgn thanh cdng quy trinh nudi cua bifin bang Ipng vd ddo tgo dugc 5 can bg ky thugt ndm vffng vd 1 hO dan lam chii dugc quy
K i d m tra tidn d ^ t h y v hi$n dd tdi trinh nudi cua thuang pham trong long xen ca, Thdng qua d y an dd ddo tgo dugc I thgc sy nudi trong Ihuy sdn vdi de tai nghien cuu Id "Anh hirdng cua cdc logi thirc dn den tdng tnrdng vd tv 14 sdng cua cua bien (Scylla serrata) nudi long trong ao mrdc / g " . Dfi tai dd dugc cdng nhgn cd npi dung phyc vy cho sy phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi tinh Nghfi A n .
3.2. Kien nghf
Dfi nudi cua long thucmg phdm cd hifiu qua, can cd cac nghifin cuu sdn xudt thurc dn cdng nghifip thay the thffc dn ca t^p cung cap cho qua trinh nuoi cua theo hudng giam FCR va gid thdnh. Tiep tyc nghien cuu xay d y n g cdc gidi phap ky thugt chong ndng cho cua trong nhffng thdng mua he dfi tdng ty lfi song ciing nhu nghifin cijru mgt dp thd Idng phii hgp dfi tdng hi?u qud kinh te trfin mot dan v i difin tfch./.
Sdll/2012_ Jhanj tin KH-CN Ngha An |12J
HOAT OdNG KH-CN
M O HiNH SU DUNG AN TOAN T l h K I E M O I E N d UUN6 MdMfi TffdW Tf Nff flffiff| Jllir
- Ths. Phgm Hdng Hdi Trung idm Ong dfing TB KH&CN I. DAT VAN DE
Trong nhffng ndm gan day, tinh trang thifiu dien, cat difin luan phifin trfin pham vi cd nudc gay thifit hai khdng nhd den sy phdt trifin kinh tfi vd ddi song xa hOi cua ngudi dan. Trong khi dd, lugng difin that thodt trfin todn he thdng, trong do cd hfi thdng difin ndng thdn Id rat ldn. Tai Nghfi An, he thdng dien ndng thdn hien nay gay that that thoat binh quan tu 30-35%, day Id mffc that thodt rat ldn so vdi binh quan cac viing ndng thon ca nudc Id 20-25%. Bfin canh dd, van dfi an todn trong sff dung dien d cac viing ndng thdn trfin dja ban Nghfi An cd nhifiu van de cap bach can giai quyet nhu he thdng ludi difin thieu ddm bao, nhifiu nai cu ndt, tinh trang chap chay, rd difin, gay nguy hiem cho ngudi dan, ngodi ra y thuc ngudi dan vfi an toan sir dung dien cdn kem. De tirng budc gidi quyfit dugc nhffng van de trfin thi vific trien khai thye hifin dfi tai ''''Nghiin cdu cdc gidiphap vd xdy dimg md hinh sit dung an todn liel hem dien a viing ndng thon tinh Nghe An" Id thyc sy can thiet trong giai doan hien nay.
Tinh trang mat an toan cua lu'd'i didn ndng thdn II. KET QUA THU'C HIEN
2.1. Ket qua dieu tra, khao sat, danh gia thuc trang six dung dien tai mot so viing nong thon dai dien d Nghe An
2.1.1. Diiu tra thu thdp sd lieu ddnh gid dnh hinh chung ve hien trgng su' dung dien tai cdc huyin tren dia ban tinh
a. Hien trgng mgng ludi diin Bang 1: He thdng tram bien dp trung gian va tram bien dp phdn phoi
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Cap dien ap
(kv)
35/10 35/6 22/6 35/0,4 22/0,4 10/0,4
Bien I Tram/
May 10/19
1023/1030 280/294 1.117/1.117
ire Cong
suat (MVA)
81,250
225,754 100,316 240,311
Khacli liang Tram/
May
4/5 1/1 438/459 260/275 408/419
Cong suat (MVA)
15,700 2,500 163,036
88,119 99,618
Tong cong Tram/
May 10/19 4/5 1/1 1.461/1.489
540/569 1.525/1.536
Cong suat (MVA)
81,250 15,700 2,500 388,790 188,435 399,929 (Nguon, Tdng hop ket qud dieu tra)
Sdll/2012_ Jhang tin KH-CN Nghe An [13|
ll&AtbdN^ KH-CN
Hifin nay, ludi difin viing ndng thdn tinh Nghfi An dang su dyng nhieu cap difin dp khdc nhau de truydn i.-ii vd phdn
phoi di^n nhu: 35KV, 22KV, lOKV. Dudng day lOKV dd dugc cdi tgo ndng cdp Ifin cap di?n dp 22KV vd35KV.
Bdng 2: H$ thdng dinVng dfiy trung dp vd h^ dp TT
I
1 2 3 Z II
z
Cap difn
4p(KV) Di^n 1 ^
DvfmgdS
35 22 10
S6 lugng (km) 2 158.452
262.202 1.439,9540 3.860,608
Ty:«(%) 88,4 80,6 82,1 85,4
Khich hing T6ng c$ng
(km) / (rung &p
S6 lugng (km)
283,448 63,182 314,823 661,453
Tyl«(%) 11,6 19,4 17,9 14,6
2.44j,9^
325,384 1.754,777 4.522,061 Du-dug ddy ha ip
0,4
So iir<7ng (km) 9.036,790
Ty !(•(%) 97,0
S6 lirc^ng (km)
284,200
Tyl$(%)
3,0 9J20,99
Dudng ddy trung dp do khdch hang qudn ly chiem ty lfi 14,6%, dudng ddy hg dp chiem ty lfi thap (3%) da so do cdc hgp tdc hgp djch vy difin ndng qudn ly, chat lugng xau, ehdp vd, khdn^ ddng bg. Hifin tugng ton thdt vd mdt an todn difin dang rat Idn.
b. Tinh hinh lieu thu di^n a viing nong thdn Ngh? An Hifin nay, todn tinh Nghfi An dd cd 20/20 huyfin, thanh thi su dyng ludi difin quoc gia, dgt ty Ifi 100%;
(Ngudn: Tdng hop kit qud dieu tra) so xa, phudng, thj trdn cd difin id 455/479, dgt ty lfi 94,98%. Tong so hg dimg difin toan tinh Id 598.585/626.999 hp, dgt ty lfi 95,47%i. Trong dd, so hp dan ndng thon su dyng difin Id 511.756/540.161 hp, dgt ty lfi 94,74% (Ngupn: Cdng ty Difin iyc Nghfi An), tifiu thg difin hdng ndm lifin tgc tdng.
Bang 3: Tong lirgng di?n tieu thu hdng ndm cua tinh Ngh$ An TT
1 2
• 3
4 5
NJm 2008 2009 2010 2011 7 thang dau nam 2012
Lirgrng di^n tieu thv (KWh) 1.003.106.000 1.062.557.000 1.102.550.000 1.204.690.000 909.346.000
So v6ri ndm trirdt tang 9,5%
tSng 5,9%
ling 3,7%
tSng9,3%
c. Ve gid bdn di?n
Vdi lugng difin tifiu thy tff 0-lOOkWh, eac hg phdi trd muc gid chenh Ifich Id 416 ddng. Difiu dd cho thay, hfi thong ludi difin khu vyc ndng thdn d mpt SP nai da hgp tdc xa dich vy difin ndng quan ly ty Ifi ton that cao nfin gid bdn difin d cdc khu vyc ndy cao han nhifiu so vdi gia ban difin theo quy dinh.
(Ngudn: Cdng ty Di?n lire Ngh? An) u. Thi/c trgng sir dyng di$n an todn vd tiet ki?m khu v{fc ndng thdn
- An todn difin trong ndng thdn
Qua khao sdt, trfin dja ban ndng thdn da xdy ra nhifiu vy tai ngn ve di?n gay hgu qud nghiem trpng. Chi rifing trong ndm 2010, tren dja bdn Ngh? An dd xdy ra 8 vg tai ngn di?n trong nhdn dan lam chet 6 ngudi, bj thucmg 4 ngudi. Ndm 2011, dd cd 4 vy tai ngn difin gay chdt 4
