NGHIEN CLfU-TRAO OOI
PHAP IUAT V I ^ NAM VA CAM Klh' GIA NHAP WTO v i M 6 dfA THI TDU6NG DICH W PHAN P H 6 I
D
jch vy phan phoi tgo nfin lifin kit quan trpng - Id sy ket noi s6ng cdn giCta nhd sdn xuit va ngudi tifiu dung.*" Tuy nhien, djch vy phan phoi khdng chi dan thuin cd vai trd duy nhit id giao hdng cho ngudi tieu dimg md cdn cung cip cho ngudi lifiu dting cdc djch vu bd simg (vl dja dilm thudn Ipi, ddm bdo ve giao hdng, cdc thdng tin vd mdi trudng kinh doanh. ,) giiip ngudi tifiu dung thuan tifin trong vific mua hdng. Difiu ndy gdp phan tdng tinh hifiu qua vd canh tranh cua hf thdng phdn phdi, gidm chi phi trung gian trong co cau gia hdng hod, tit dd cd the dan dfin vific giam gia hang hod. Ddng thdi, djch vu phdn phdi ciing cung cap ngupc trd lai cho nha sdn xuat nhOng thdng tin cin thifit dfi difiu chinh vific sdn xuat hdng hod theo nhu cdu ciia ngudi tifiu diing.Ngoai ra, quy md ciia ngdnh djch vy phdn phdi trong bat ki nfin kinh tfi ndo ciing deu rat ldn. Trong nhdm G7, nganh djch vy phdn phoi ddng gdp vdo GDP tit 8% - 15%, ddng gdp vdo vifc lam tir 11% - 19%. (!) nhifiu qudc gia, bdn budn vd bdn lfi chi diing thir 2 sau hogt dpng sdn xuit nfiu xfit den ddng gdp vdo GDP va vuprt tren ca cdc ITnh vyc khac nhu ndng nghifp, khai khodng, vien thdng... Tai Hoa Ky, moi ndm bdn lfi chifim tli 50% - 60% tong ddng gdp ciia todn bp ngdnh phdn phdi vdo GDP.*^^ NIU nfin
ThS. NGUYiN NHI/CHINH*
kinh tc khdng cd ngdnh phan ph6i hifu qud thi cd thl din tdi nhihig sai lfch Idn trong vifc phdn b6 ngu6n lyc vd nhting thift hgi ldn vl kinh te nhy dd xdy ra d nhilu nen kinh tl theo ca chi ke hogch hod tgp trung, bao cap.*''*
Djch vy phan ph6i dang ngdy cdng phdt triln vd ty do hod thuang mgi dd md rpng pham vi ciia ITnh vyc phan phdi, thi trudng dich vy phan phdi Vift Nam cung khdng ndm ngodi xu hudng chimg dd.
1. Khdi nifm djch vy phan phoi Ciing nhu khi dua ra khai nifm vfi djch vy ndi chung, doi vdi khai nifm djch vg phan phdi, cac td chiic qudc tfi sir dyng phuong phdp lift kfi dfi nhan bifit nhdm djch vy phan phdi theo cdc logi hinh ciia ngdnh djch vy ndy.
Trong Danh myc phdn logi ngdnh djch vy ciia WTO*''* thi djch vy phdn phoi thufe nhdm ngdnh thir 4 trong 11 ngdnh djch vy:
I) Djch vy kinh doanh; 2) Djch vy thdng tin; 3) Djch vy xay dyng; 4) Dich vy phan phoi; 5) Djch vy gido dye; 6) Djch vy moi trudng; 7) Dich vy tdi chinh; 8) Dich vy y tl; 9) Djch vy du ljch; 10) Djch vy vdn hoa gidi tri; II) Djch vy v ^ tdi. Vific phan logi
* Gidng vifin Khoa phdp lu$t kinh tk Truimg D^i hgc Ludt Hd Nfi
TAP CHl LUAT HOC s 6 4/2012
NGHIEN CC/U-TRAO OOI
nay dupe xay dung dya tren Danh muc phan logi tam thdi cac sdn phdm chinh ciia Lien hop qudc (CPC prov.) ndm 1991. He thdng phan loai sdn pham chii yiu CPC ciia Lien hop qudc dd dupc sira ddi 3 lin ke tir phifin bdn tgm thdi nam 1991, phien bdn mdi nhdt hien nay la CPC 2.0 dupc dua ra vdo thdng 12/2008.
Nganh djch vu phan phoi bao gdm bdn logi hinh djch vy chinh vdi md sd cy the theo CPC prov nhu sau:
A. Djch vy dgi li hoa hdng (Commission agents' services - CPC 621).
B. Cac dich vy ban budn (Wholesale trade services - CPC 622, 61111, 6113, 6121).
C. Cdc djch vy bdn le (Retailing services - CPC 631 + 632, 6I1I2, 6113, 6121).
D. Cac djch vu nhupng quyfin thuang mgi (Franchising - CPC 8929).
Cdc dgi li hoa hdng tifin hdnh giao djch thay mat cho ngudi khac, vi dy nhu bdn nhirng mat hdng dupc cung cap vd thdng thudng nhirng mat hdng nay thudc sd hftu cita ngudi khac cho nhiing ngudi bdn budn, ban lfi hoac cac cd nhan.
Dich vy ban budn Id ban hang cho cdc nha bdn le, cho ngudi tieu diing cdng nghifip, thucmg mgi, cac td chiic vd cdc ddi tupng kinh doanh, thdm chi cho ca cdc nhd bdn budn khdc. Dich vy bdn le Id bdn hdng phyc vy muc dich tifiu dimg cd nhan hodc tifiu diing ciia hd gia dinh.
Djch vy nhupng quyfin thuong mai la chuyen giao mpt sd quyfin uu dai cy the, nhu quyfin sti dung md hinh ban lfi hogc thuang hifu.
Vifc phdn loai nhu vay, phdt sinh hai vande:
Thu nhdl, qud tap trung chu y vdo vifc phan phoi, do dd dd tdch rdi qud trinh sdn xuat va qud trinh phan phoi, trong khi ddi vdi nliieu djch vy, vifc sdn xuat vd phan phdi khdng the tdch bgch dupc vd ngudi cung cap djch vy phdi cung cap ddng thdi cd hai cdng dogn;
Thir hai, ranh gidi giita sdn xuat, ban budn vd bdn le lifin tyc thay ddi, phy thupc vdo cdc dieu kifin kinh tfi tgi tirng thdi difim.
Vi thl, vifc djnh nghTa chinh xdc ban budn vd bdn le khd thyc hifin dupc. 0 cdc qudc gia khdc nhau, ban budn cd chiic ndng vd tdm quan trpng khac nhau. Hogt dpng bdn budn ludn thay ddi, theo khai nifim truyen thdng, bdn budn thyc hifn chirc nang
"ngudi trung gian" nhung hifn nay nha bdn buon cdn ddm nhgn nhifi'i chirc ndng cd gid tri gia tang nhu ban hd-ig, xiic tifin, mua hdng vd phan loai, chia Id, luu kho, van tai, cung cap tdi chinh, cung cap thdng tin thj trudng vd cdc dich vy qudn li. Vi vdy, dich vy bdn budn cd the dupc djnh nghTa phiic tgp hon Id y nghTa chiic nang cdu ndi trong chuoi phan phdi.
Tuy nhifin, vifc phdn logi va dan chieu tdi CPC prov. nhu trfin van duoc cac thanh vien WTO vifin dan den. Tai Vift Nam, khdng cd van bdn phdp li quy djnh chung ve dich vy phan phoi, bdn nhdm dich vu trong nganh dich vu phan phdi trfin chi dupc quy djnh tgi Luat thuang mgi nam 2005 vfi dich vu dgi li, nhucmg quyfin thuong mgi.*^* Ddi vdi dich vy bdn budn vd bdn lfi, sau khi gia
TAP CHf LUAT H O C S 6 4/2012
N G H | 6 N ciru • TRAO OOI
nhap WTO, Vift Nam dd nOi lugt hod nhil'ng cam kit vc djch vy phan ph6i tgi Nghj djnh ciia Chinh phii s6 23/2007/ND- CP quy djnh chi till Lugt thuong mgi vl hogt dpng mua bdn hang hod vd cdc hogt dpng lifin quan tryc tilp din mua bdn hdng hod cua doanh nghifp cd von dau tu nudc ngodi tgi Viet Nam.
Vdi quan nifm ve ngdnh djch vy phdn ph6i nhu trfin, hifn nay Vifl Nam dupc coi Id mpt trong nhihig thj trudng nhilu tilm ndng nhat ddi vdi cac nhd dau tu trfin the gidi ve phan phdi. ddc bift la bdn Ic. Vict Nam dirng thir 6 trong Bdng xfip logi chi so phdt trien bdn lfi todn cau ndm 2009 ciia A.T. Kearney (Global Retail Development Index- GRDl).
Tdng trudng kinh tfi nhanh chdng va su hap ddn dau tu ciia Vift Nam la nguyen nhan chii yfiu cho trifin vpng ddi ban ndy ciia Vift Nam. Hifin nudc ta dang cd khoang 400 sifiu thj vd 2.000 cira hdng tifn Ipi do cdc cdng ti trong nudc vd nudc ngoai difiu hdnh.*^'
2. Cam ket md cira thi trirdng dich vy phan phoi cua Vift Nam
Khi gia nhdp WTO, Vift Nam da cam ket md cira cd 4 phdn ngdnh cua djch vy phdn phdi vd dupc thuc hifin ngay sau khi trd thdnh thdnh vifin chinh thirc cua WTO (thdng 1/2007). Theo cam ket, Ip trinh md cira djch vy phan phdi nhu sau:*^*
Thu nhdl, cac mdt hang nha phan phdi nudc ngodi dupc phfip phan phdi tgi Vift Nam
Theo ndi dung cam kfil, nhd phan phoi nudc ngodi chju hgn chi vl mdt hdng duoc phep phan phdi tgi Viet Nam. Hgn che nay dupc chia thdnh 2 danh myc: danh myc cdc
mdt hdng hgn che Idu ddi (cim) vd danh myc cdc mdt hdng hgn che cd 10 trinh.
1) Danh myc cdc mdt hdng hgn che lau ddi (cim) Id danh myc dupc quy djnh tgi myc "cdc bifn phdp dp dyng cho toan bf phdn ngdnh trong djch vy phdn ph6i", bao gom: lhu6c Id vd xl gd; sdch, bdo vd tgp chi;
bdng dTa video trfin mpi phuang tifn trung gian; kim logi va da quy; cdc sdn pham dupc vd thu6c; thuoc n6; diu dd qua chfi biln vd diu thd; ggo; dudng mia vd dudng cii cdi.
Day Id cdc mdt hdng nhgy cdm md Vift Nam chua cd y djnh cho nudc ngodi tham gia phan phoi tgi Vift Nam.
Cdc nha phdn phdi nudc ngodi khong dupc phfip ldm dgi li hoa hong, bdn budn, bdn le vd tihu(?ng quyfin ddi vdi tat cd cac mdt hdng thupc danh myc ndy. Ngodi ra, hp khdng dugc bdn cdc mdt hdng nay thong qua cac CO sd dd thilt lap tai Vift Nam nhu lien doanh hodc doanh nghifp 100% vdn nudc ngodi vd khdng duoc phfip bdn cac mdt hdi^
ndy qua mgng.
2) Danh myc cdc mdt hang hgn che cd If trinh gdm cac m$t hang dupc quy dinh tgi cpt hgn chfi vfi tifip cgn thi tnidng md nha phdn phdi nudc ngoai (doanh nghifp cd von dau tu nudc ngoai) khdng duoc phep phan phoi tgi Vifl Nam U-ong khoang thdi gian nhit dinh ke tir khi Vift Nam gia nhgp WTO.
Danh myc nay bao gdm: xi mdng vd clinke;
ldp (trir ldp mdy bay); giiy; mdy keo; phuong tifn CO gidi; dtd con va xe may; sdt thfip;
thifit bj nghe nhin; rugu vd phan bdn. Tir ndm 2010, theo nhu cam kfit, danh myc nay se dupc bdi bd vd cac doanh nghifp cd vin
TAP CHl LUAT H O C S 6 4/2012
diu tu nudc ngodi sfi duoc phfip phdn phdi tdt cd cac sdn phdm sdn xuit tgi Vifit Nam va nhap khiu vdo Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, danh myc nay khdng dp dyng d6i vdi dich vy nhupng quyfin thuang mgi, difiu ndy cd nghia Id nhd phdn phdi nudc ngodi dupc phfip cung cap djch vy nhupng quyin cho tit cd cdc mdt hdng thudc danh myc hgn chfi cd Ip trinh.
Tliir hai, gdp vdn Irong lifin doanh va thdnh lap doanh nghifip 100% vdn nudc ngodi
Theo ndi dung cam kfit, nhd cung cap dich vy nudc ngoai dupc thdnh ldp lifin doanh vdi ti If gdp vdn cua phia nudc ngodi khdng vupt qud 49% ngay sau khi Vifit Nam gia nhap WTO.
Dfin ngdy I/I/2008, nhd cung cdp djch vy nudc ngodi dupc quyfin tham gia vdn trong lifin doanh d bat ki ti le ndo nhd hon 100%.
Din ngay 1/1/2009, doanh nghifp 100%
vdn nudc ngodi dupc phfip thanh lap.
Thir ba, phdn phdi qua mgng hogc dudi cdc hinh thiic thucmg mgi difn tii khdc
Phan phdi qua mang hodc cdc hinh thirc thuang mgi difn tir khac - cung cap dich vy qua bifin gidi (Mode 1) nfiu bfin cung cap djch vu va ben nhgn djch vy khdng d trong cimg qudc gia.
Cam kit ddi vdi Mode 1 chi dp dung ddi vdi vific nha cung cap djch vy nudc ngodi bdn hdng tir nudc ngoai vao Vift Nam thdng qua mang Intemet hoac cdc hinh thiic Ihuang mgi difn tii khdc. Trong trudng hop nay, nhd cung cap djch vy nudc ngoai vin d tai nudc ngoai, khdng thanh lap hifin difn thuong mgi nhu chi nhdnh hogc doanh nghifip cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai. Theo thdng If, cam kfit
khdng dp dyng ddi vdi trudng hpp cdc doanh nghifp cd vdn diu tu nudc ngodi tgi Vift Nam bdn hdng tir Viet Nam ra nudc ngodi thdng qua vifc lap trang vi'eb bdn hdng hode bdn hdng dudi cdc hinh thiic thuang mgi difn tli khdc. Theo dd, Viet Nam chua dua ra cam kfit cho hinh thiic bdn hdng qua mang ngogi tru viec bdn cdc sdn pham phyc vu nhu cau cd nhdn vd bdn cdc chuang trinh phan mem mdy tinh hpp phdp phuc vy nhu cau cd nhan hodc vi myc dich thuong mgi.
Thu tu; dilu kifin md rdng ca sd bdn le hay kiem tra nhu cdu kinh tfi (Economic Need Test - ENT)
Vifc phan phdi cila nhd cung cap dich vy nudc ngodi trong nhdm dich vu phan phdi luon gdn lien vdi quyfin dupc lap cdc co sd ban le. Theo cam ket, nhd cung cdp djch vy nudc ngodi se dupc thdnh lap mdt ca sd ban lfi tai Vift Nam. Tu co sd ban le thir hai trd Ifin hp phai xin phfip co quan cd thdm quyfin.
Trong trudng hcrp nay, co quan cd tham quyfin sfi cdn cii vao cdc tifiu chi: Sd Iupng cac nhd cung cap djch vu dang hifn difn tgi mdt khu vuc dia li; sy dn djnh cua thi trudng; quy md dia li dfi quyfit djnh cd cho phep md them difim bdn le hay khdng (kifim tra nhu cau kinh te - ENT).
Nhd cung cap dich vu nudc ngoai bao gdm doanh nghiep 100% vdn nudc ngodi, cdng ti lifin doanh giiia Viet Nam.vdi nudc ngoai vd cdng ti cd vdn gdp ciia nudc ngoai dudi hinh thiic mua cd phan. Do vdy, neu doanh nghifp 100% vdn Viet Nam hoat ddng trong ITnh vyc phan phdi bdn cd phan cho nhd ddu tu nudc ngodi, hp cd thfi bj coi TAP CHl LUAT HOC s 6 4/2012
Id nhd cung cip djch vy cd yiu to nudc ngodi va phdi chju hgn che vl kiem tra nhu ciu kinh tl (ENT) dii Irudc khi bdn c6 phin cho nhd diu tu nudc ngodi, doanh nghifp khdng bj rdng bupe bdi hgn che ndy.
Thir ndm, djch vy nhucmg quyin thuang mgi Theo npi dung cam kit, ngay sau khi Vift Nam gia nhdp WTO, nhd cung cip djch vy nudc ngoai sO dupc phdp thdnh lap lien doanh \ di ti If gdp vdii ciia nudc ngodi khdng vu(7t qud 49%. Den ngdy 01/01/2008, hp dupc phep gdp von vdo cdng ti lien doanh vdi ti If bdt ki vd tdi ngiiy 01/01/2009 sfi dupc quyin thdnh I^p doanh nghifp 100% von nudc ngoai dfi hogt dpng trong ITnh vyc nhupng quyen thuong ingi. Difim ddng luu y Id cdc nhd cung cap dich vy nudc ngodi cdn dupc phep thdnh lap chi nhdnh dfi cung cap djch vy nhuang quyfin thuang mgi tir ngdy 1/1/2010 vdi difiu kifn trudng chi nhanh phdi Id ngudi thudng tni lai Vift Nam. Danh myc cdc mdt hang ban chfi tam thdi khdng dp dyng doi vdi ITnh vyc nhuong quyfin thucmg mgi.
Danh myc cdc mdt hang hgn ehl lau ddi van dupc dp dyng.
Kfi tir khi Vift Nam chinh thiic gia nhgp WTO diu ndm 2007, Chinh phii Vift Nam da ban hdnh cdc vdn bdn phdp li vl djch vy phan phdi de npi luat hod vd thyc hifn cdc cam kit WTO, cy thl Id:
Nghj djnh cua Chinh phii so 23/2007/ND-CP ngdy 12/2/2007 quy djnh chi till Lugt thuang mgi vfi hogt dpng mua bdn hang hod va cdc hoat dpng lifin quan tryc tilp din mua bdn hdng hod ciia doanh nghifp cd v6n diu tu nudc ngodi tai Vift Nam. Nghi djnh dd dl ra difiu kifn dfi cdc doanh nghifp cd vdn dau tu
tryc tilp nudc ngodi tgi Vift Nam du<?c cij giiy phfip kinh doanh mua bdn hdng hod vi cdc hogt dOng lifin quan tgi Vifl Nam.
Quyet djnh cua Bp trudng Bp thuong mgi s6 10/2007/CJD-BTM ngdy 21/5/2007 catj b6 Id trinh thyc hifn cdc cam kit WTO vi hogt ddng mua bdn hdng hod vd cdc hogt df^
lifin quan tryc tilp den mua bdn hdng hod.^
Thdng tu ciia Bd thuang mgi s^
09/2007/TT-BTM ngdy 17/7/2007 dupc sh d6i b6 sung bdi Thdng tu ciia Bp cdng thuong so 05/2008n"r-BCT hudng dan thyc hijo Nghj djnh cua Chinh phii so 23/2007/ND-<lP, Thdng tu quy djnh thucmg nhdn nudc ngoii cd quyen diu lu de thyc hifn hoat dpng lih quan den mua bdn hdng hod vd chi rd mia quan hf giita cdc vdn bdn phap lugt dieu chinb hogt dpng ndy. Thdng lu neu rd cdc nhd dau tu nudc ngodi hodc doanh nghifp cd \ dn dau tu nudc ngodi tai Vift Nam ddp img cdc difc kifn quy djnh tgi Nghj djnh ciia Chinh phu so 23/2007/ND-CP cd quyin diu tu dl thyc hifn hogt dpng mua bdn hdng hod vd dc hogt dpng lifin quan tryc tifip dfin mua bin hdng hod theo cdc hinh thirc vd Ip trinh quy djnh tgi Quyet djnh ciia Bp trudng B0 thirong mgis6 10/QD-BTM.
3. M^t so van dl tui t^i vd hv6ng khiic ptn^
Thj trudng djch vy phan phdi d Vi^l Nam dang thyc sy Id cupc cgnh tranh gay gdt gifta cdc nhd diu tu nudc ngodi va doanh nghifp trong nudc. Nhifiu tap dodn nudc ngoai nhu Metro, Big C, Parkson, Lotte Shopping dd cd mdt lgi Vifit Nam tit trudc khi Vift Nam gia nhdp WTO. Cdc t|p dodn ndy diu thdnh lap cac chuoi sieu thj t?i Vift Nam (Parkson cd 4 sifiu thi, Big C c6
TAP CHl LUAT HOC SO 4/2012
0 sifiu thj...). Cdc doanh nghifp Vift Nam -ung dd cd duoc nhiing thuong hifu rifing :iia minh nhu Saigon Co-op, Cilimart, Maximart nhung chi dimg Igi dudi hinh hire cdc sieu thj nhd, ciia hdng tifn lpi.
Vific md ciia thj trudng djch vu theo Ip trinh cam ket cho thay doanh nghifp Vift Nam da vd dang gap nhifiu thdch thiic khi doi diu vdi nhiing tap dodn ldn. Dan cir nhu he thdng G7 Mart, ndm 2009 Cdng ti c6 phan thuang mgi djch vy G7 dd cd chuSi 550 cua hang tifin lpi tren cd nudc nhung hifn nay dpi nhdn vien bdn hdng ciia G7 Mart chi cdn 2 ngudi vd chii yeu Id de gidl quyet hang tdn kho.* *' Tuy nhien, doi lgi cdc doanh nghifp phdn phdi Viet Nam dupc hpc tap kinh nghifm qudn li trong hf thdng phan phdi hifin dai, ddng lyc cgnh tranh lam da dang hod cdc sdn pham trfin thj trudng, nang cao chat lupng sdn pham vd ngodi ra cdn cd thfim ca hdi hpp tdc kinh doanh. Do dd, tao mdi trudng phdp Ii day dit, ddm bdo vdi cdc cam kfit khi gia nhdp WTO Id yfiu cau can thifit de thiic day thj trudng phan phdi tgi Vift Nam.
Mac dii vifc ban hanh cde van bdn quy phgm phap luat de npi ludt hod cdc cam ket gdp phin lam cho quy djnh ddi vdi ITnh vuc phan phdi trd nen minh bgch vd phii hop vdi cdc chuan muc qudc te nhung vdi dgc thii ciia Viet Nam, cdc van ban quy phgm dupc npi lugt hod trfin co sd cac cam kfit qudc tfi chii khdng tifin hdnh thod thudn cam ket tren CO sd ciia ludt qudc gia nhu cac qudc gia phdt trifin khac. Do dd, cdn tdn tgi mpt sd van dl sau:
TJiu nhdl, ve thii tyc cap phfip cho nhd ddu
tu nudc ngodi thyc hifn cdc hoat dpng lifin quan den phan phoi: Dieu 4, Difiu 5 Nghj djnh ciia Chinh phu so 23/2007/ND-CP ciing thdng tu hudng dan dd cd quy djnh ve dilu kifn vd CO quan cd thim quyen cip giiy phfip nhung cdn chua rd rdng. Chua cd quy djnh vfi thim djnh ndng lyc nhd dau tu, khdng cd su phdn Ioai dy dn diu tu md dp dyng chung thii tyc cho cd nhd dau tu Idn vd nhd.
De khdc phyc van de ndy, Vift Nam cd the hpc tap kinh nghifm ciia mdt so qudc gia, vi dy nhu Trung Qudc. Qudc gia nay yeu ciu so vdn toi thilu dl cd thl kinh doanh djch vu bdn budn hodc ban lfi (0,5 trifu NDT ddi vdi bdn budn, 0,3 trifiu NDT ddi vdi ban lfi).
Ngodi ra, vific cdp giay phep cdn phdi phii hpp vdi quy hogch ciia dia phuang. '
Thu hai, ve kifim tra kinh te ddi vdi djch vy bdn lfi - ENT
Nhu da phdn tich d trfin, Viet Nam cam kit cho phfip thanh lap ca sd bdn lfi (ngodi CO sd bdn lfi thii nhit) vdi dieu kifin thoa man ENT, duoc ddnh gid tren ba tieu chi: Sd lupng cdc nha cung cdp dich vy dang hifn difn Irong mpt khu vyc dja li; sy dn djnh ciia thi trudng; quy md dia H.
Tuy nhien, khi dupc cy the hod tgi Nghi dinh sd 23/2007/ND-CP vd Thdng tu so 09/2007/TT-BTM*'**' thi cdc quy djnh ndy lgi chua rd rdng. Quan trpng nhdt la trong cd hai vdn ban tren dfiu khdng cd quy djnh cu thfi vl cdch thirc dp dung, dien gidi ba tifiu chi de xdc djnh ENT.
Do dd, cdn phai ban hdnh cdc vdn bdn cy thfi hodc bd sung hai van ban trfin de giai thich vd ldm rd cdc ndi dung ciing nhu sy van dyng
TAP CHl LUAT HOC S 6 4/2012
cua cic tieu chi nily, vdi pliuang phip tinh cy th8 ddi v6i yeu cau ciia timg d\r kn.
Nhu v$y, md cua thi trudng djch vy phSn phoi 14 yeu c k tat y^u trong qu4 trinh hgi nhjp. Ben c?nh nhthig tic dgng tich cvc, c6 ci cic tic dpng tieu cyc mi doanh nghi?p trong nudc khong thS nhd ciy vio sy bio hO cua Nhi nudc. Nha nudc chi ddng vai trd hoan thi?n phip luat, quy hoach ve h? thong phan phoi, thu tyc hinh chinh. Do dd, de ton lai vi phit tnin, cac doanh nghifp trong nudc phii ty phit huy nhttng lgi the ciia minh ve nguon hing, chi phi.../.
(l).Xem: Uy ban qu6c gia v^ h<7p tSc kinh t^ qu6c t^, Tong qudn cdc van de ttt do hod thitang mdi dich vit.
Hi Npi, 2007, tr 259.
(2).Xem: Betancourt, R.R, Phdtt tich h4 thong phdn phdi ciid Mod Ky (An dndlysis of the US Distribution System), TJi lifu so 135, OECD/OD (93)169 cua Ban kinh te OECD, OECD, Paris
{3).Xem: Uy ban quflc gia v6 hpp tic kinh t^ qu6c t^, tl<]d,tr 260.
(4).Tii lieu MTN.GNS/W/120 cua WTO.
(5).Xem: Diiu 166 den Dieu 177; Dieu 284 din Diiu 291 Lu$t thirong mai nam 2005. Nghj djnh cua Chlnh phii s6 35/2006/ND-CP sura d6i bfl sung bdi Nghj djnh cua Chlnh phu so 120/201 l/ND-CP.
(6).Ngu6n' http://www,atkearney com/index.php/
Publications/retail-global-expansion-a-portfolio- of-opportunities2011 -global-retail-development- index.html
(7). Cdc cam liit cita Viet Nam voi WTO, Nxb. Lao dpng - xa h«i, H4 Npi, 2007.
(8). Ngufln: hrtp.//danlri.com.vn/c76/s76-535598/that-bai- cua-he-thong-g7-mart-nhieu-doi-dau-it-kelnoi.htm (9).Xem: Rd sodt khuon kho phdp li vi dfch vv phdn phdi cr Viet Nam, D(t in MUTRAP III.
(lO).Xem: Diiu 13 din Diiu 17 Nghj dinh ciia Chlnh phli s6 23/2007/ND-CP; khoin 4 Myc II Thflng lit s6 09/2007/rT-BTM.
GiAi THiCH P H A P L U A T d L I 6 N BANG NGA... (Hep Iheo Irang 14)
Thti ndm, -ih mjt hgc thuiit, can sir dyng thujit ngtt chlnh xic "'giii thich QPPL" thay vl ggi chung chung li "giii thich phip liat", bdi la phip lujt li khii ni?m rgng hon QPPL.
NhOng van de 11 lu$n ve giii thich cic QPPL cd the tham khio trgng cic giio trinh, tii li^u khoa hgc phip li Nga.
Thii idu. can tien li?u trudng hgp giii thich QPPL Irong tu phip quoc tS nhu Bp lujt dan sy Lien bang Nga. Thyc te cho thSy trong dieu ki?n hgi nh$p kinh te quoc te, vi?c ip dyng phip lyat nudc ngoii li kli6 trinh khdi trong hoat dgng xet xir, nhit li trong nhihig vu tranh chap kinh doanh vdi nudc ngoii. Tham phin Vi?t Nam thudng cho ring vi?c ip dyng phip lujt nudc ngoai di xil xu li khong khi thi. Tuy nhien, nju Vi?t Nam cd nhihig quy dinh cy the, chi tilt nhu Bg luat dan sy Nga di trinh biy d tren thi van d^ se trd nen dem giin hon. Cd the quy dinh trudng hgp niy trong vin ban lual ve giai thich phip lujt mi tie gia de xuat xay dyng d tren ho$c bd sung qyy dinh trong Bg lujt dan sy gidng nhu Bg lyat dan su Lien bang Nga.
C) Vi$t Nam do kl thu$t l?p phip chua cao nen cic vin bin phip lu^t dugc ban hanh chic chin cdn khiem khuyet. Vi the, giai thich phap li4t la thyc sy can thiet trong viSc ip dung phip luat. Chinh vi the, nhihig bai hgc kinh nghi^am cua Lien bang Nga cd the se hiiru Ich cho vifc hoin thien ca che giai thich phip lujt ndi rieng va he thdng phap luit Vi?t Nam ndi chimg./.
TAP CHl LUAT H O C S 6 4/2012
