KHOA HOC-CONG NGHE
De xuat viec xu ly dQ lieu djnh tfnh kiem djnh chat lugm truong dai hpc bang phuong phap tap mo
' PGS. TS. NGU Y I N V A N LONG - TrUdng Dqi hpc Giao thong van tdi
TOM TAT' Viec tinh toan, xd ly doi v6i du h^u sd la vi^c lam thong thuong cua con nguoi va may tinh DOI V6I du li^u khong ph^i la so thi khong phai dan gian nhuvay [1,2,3,4]. Bai bao dua ra mot gi^i phap xu ly do lieu d^ng nay va ap dung tong quan vao bai toan l<iem dinh chat luong truong dgi hoc hien nay TL/ KHOA: Du li$u dinh tinh, xii ly du lieu ABSTRACT: It is a common job for human beings and computers to calculate and process digitai data Yet, it is not such an easy task relating to non- digital data [1,2,3,4]. The article gives a proposal to process data of this type and how to appy It in accreditation of universities for the time being.
KEYWORDS: Qualitative data, data process
1. DOT LIEU DjNHTfNH
*Ddnh gid djnh tinh va dfnh lUffng
"Ddnh gid bdng dinh luang:
Khi danh gia mot van de, thadng phai lay cae y kien cua cac chuyen gia ve Ilnh vac do. Chang han, doi vdi kiem dinh ehat lapng giao due tradng dai hpc thi y kien eua cac chuyen gia ve cac tieu chi tieu ehuan trong bd tieu chuan danh gia se tao nen eo sd dU lieu danh gia. Oe c6 ket qua cudi cung, cae ehuyen gia phai tieh hop eae ket qua thanh phan vdi trpng so nhat dinh tiiy thupc vao mUc dp quan trpng de dua ra quyet dinh ket qua cua minh. Qua trinh tren deu thong qua cae eong thde va eae con so. Viec nay dan den tinh trang: Cac con so ma eae ehuyen gia quyet djnh trong moi thanh phan la "cdng" khong "mem d^o"
doi khi khong tinh den eae yeu to lien quan khac, dan den cae sai so tich tu d phan ket qua se Idn.
Bdi todn ?;Danh gia ddlieu djnh lapng don thuoc tinh.
Oe nghi n ehuyen gia hay danh gia van de nao do bieu thi bang thupe tinh A vdi thang diem 10.
Ldi giai bai toan 1; Cae ehuyen gia se danh gia thude tinh A theo y kien cua minh bang thang diem so 10, gia L SLf taong dng la dl/IO, d2/IO,..., dn/W.Tong hop y kien K danh gia tap the cua n chuyen gia eo the theo nhieu each I hoac la cac chuyen gia la nha nhau ve gia tri y kien, hoac
^Ici cae ehuyen gia cd cac trong sd ve y kien nha |Jl, p2,...,
•l52
pn. Khi do, ket qu^ cudi cung n )f kien tap the ehuyen gia se la diem D thang diem 10:
D = (d}+d2+...+ dn)/n.
D= p}*dl+p2*d2+...+pn*dn
fioi todn2:Oanh gia dd lieu djnh luong da thupc tinh De nghi n ehuyen gia hay danh gia van de nao do, ma van de do dapc bieu thi bSng m thude tinh A1. A2,..., Am vdi thang diem 10.
Ldi giai bai toan 2. Cae ehuyen gia se danh gia be m thupc tinh Al, A2,....Am theo y kien eiia minh bing thang diem sd 10, gia sd ehuyen gia thd I se danh gia diem cua cae thupe tinh taong dng la dil/10, di2/10,..., dim/10,1^1,...,n.T6ng hop y kien danh gia tap the eua n chuyen gia eo the theo nhieu each: Chang han, hoae la eae chuyen gia la nhU nhau ve gia tri y kien hoac ta cac chuyen gia eo cac trpng sd ve y kien nha p i , p2 pn Khi dd, ket qua cudi ciing n y kien tap the chuyen gia se la diem D thang diem 10:
D - (dil+ di2-^...-^dm)/m.
D = pl*dHp2*d2+ .+pn*dn
Ket qua danh gia cua n chuyen gia ve thudc tinh A la Ket qua danh gia cua chuyen gia t h d i ve van de A la Bdi todn 3: Van nhU bai toan 2, nhung thang dien"
eua cac thupe tinh la khae nhau. Chang han, diem toi d?
ciia cac thupc tinh lan lacrt la t,, t^,..., t^.
fiat: 7'=/^ + / , + ... + !_^^
T daoc goi la thang diem eua danh gia. Khi do ta eo - Ket qua danh gia eua ehuyen gia t h d i ve thane diem 10:
•Dj-i =jTjli'iii
- Ket qu^ danh gia ciia n chuyen gia ve thupc tinh A - Ket quci danh gia cua n chuyen gia ve van d ^ A la:
^ = y i r = , | i , W , + ••+ d.m)
* Ddnh gid bang dinh tinh:
Cd rat nhieu giai phap de danh gia bang dmh tinh chang han trong [5,6], ngudi ta diing dai so gia t d di laong hda va xd ly dd lieu, d day, bai bao dUa ra mot cael tiep can khac.
Khi danh gia bang dinh lUOng, chuyen gia phSi da ra eon so ehinh xac the hien quan diem eua minh ve vai de do. Viee nay tao ap lUc cho chuyen gia khi daa ra quye dinh, it nhat la ap lae ve do ehinh xac. NgUpe lai, sau kf
KHOA HOC -CONG NGHE _
So 05/2019
CO quyet dinh xong, it nhieu cae chuyen gia cdn dpng lai nhdng dieu lan tan, do dU. Sd dl nhUvay la vi trong kho^nh kh^e, chuyen gia phai lUa chpn mot con sd trong vd sd con sd thap phan cd gia tri t d 1 den 10.
Be tao thuan Ipi eho cac chuyen gia, ngadi ta daa ra diem dinh lupng bang eae khoiing gia trj sd, cac khoang nay dupc md ta djnh tinh bang nhdng Idi nhan xet, chang hannha:Xuat sae, tdt, kha tdt, kha, dUpc, yeu, kem, toi...
Nhdng nhan xet nay la hdu han thay vivo han nhu diem so, nen cae chuyen gia de dang lua chpn hpn.
Mat khae, gia trj ciia nhan xet nd la mpt khoang thay vi mpt diem nha diem sd nen chac chan dd phii hop se totva eao hon.
Ngudi ta se chia thang diem danh gia bang djnh tinh theo nhieu mde khae nhau:
- Mde 1: La cac khoang phan hoach nda mdt ciia thang diem;
- Mdc 2: La eae khoang phan hoach cua eae khoang eon trong m d e l ;
- Mdc k: La eae khoang phan hoach hoaeh cua eae khoang eon trong mdc k - 1 .
Moi mot khoang con dng vdi mdc k, se taong dng vdi mpt gia tri nhan xet bSng ldi eiia ehuyen gia. Tiiy theo yeu eau vedd"tinhipe"ma ngudi ta chpn mdc k nao.Don gian nhat la chpn mdc k = 1.
Trong nhieu tradng hop, do truyen thong hoae van hoa ma nhdng ehuyen gia khdng the cho diem bang sd.
Ch^ng han, danh gia ve hoat ddng giang day ciia giang vien ma cac chuyen gia la eae em sinh vien. Khi do, thay vi danh gia bang thang diem sd, sinh vien cd Idi nhan xet thong quan thang diem dinh tinh.
2. Xiy LY DQ L I E U DjNH TINH BANG H £ T A P M d DAYOO
2.1. XIJT ly duf lieu djnh tinh qua tap md 2.1.1. He tap mPddydu tam gidc
He tap md day dii tam giac la he cac tap md eo ham thudc dang tam giac dupc bieu dien nhu hinh sau:
Tam giac dau tien t d ben trai ia tam giae vuong. Dua tren tam giae nay de xay dUng tam giae ke tiep ve ben phai nhu sau: Tam giae cd dinh sao eho chan dudng cao t d dinh nay trung vdi dinh ben phai ciia tam giac vudng, dinh ben trai eiia tam giae chinh la chan dUdng eao cua tam giae vuong, dinh ben phai se xac djnh do ehieu dai eua day tam giae. Khi ed tam giac nay roi thi xay dUng tam giac tiep theo ve ben phai dupc lap lai nhU tren. Tam giac euoi ciing la tam giae vudng nhU hinh ve
2.1.2. Xdly ddlieu dmh tinh qua tdp mdddy du Mpt gia tri dinh tinh nao do se dUPc md phdng qua tap md ciia he md tam giae day dii. Gia trj djnh tinh do se
la giao thoa gida hai tap md lien ke, viec lay tap md nao phu thudc vao do thupc ciia nd. Nhu vay, viec xd ly d d lieu dinh tinh dapc quy ve viee xd ly thao tac tren eae tap md thdng thudng.
2.2. Xdr ly duT lieu djnh tinh qua so md Xet anh xa, f, X ^ Y G R\
Trong do: X - Khong gian eae tap md;Y-Khdng gian cac sd md.
Vdi anh xa nay, tap md se tuong dng vdi mpt so md ma nd dUpc bieu dien bang bp 3 cac so thae (a,b,e).
Viee thao tae eae phep toan tren tap md se duac thao tac tren bd 3 sd thuc (so md). Sau day la vi du minh hpa eho viee nay.
Xet thang diem 10 la so, tUOng dng vdi thang diem djnh tinh mde 1 la:
Khi do, ta cd cac tap mdtam giae can cd nhan taong dng vdi kem, yeu, duac, kha, tot, xuat sac ma day la cac khoang tuong dng d tren va ehieu eao la 1. Tam giac can duoc xac dinh bdi "sd md'tam giac thdng thudng (a,b,e).
Trong do, a, b, c la hoanh dp cua ba dinh.
- Phep toan cdng hai sd md (hai nhan):
Xet L|, L, la hai nhan ngdn ngd dng vdi hai sd md (a,, bp c,), (a,, b,, c^). Phep toan cpng hai nhan L,, L, la nhanL = L| © L,.
Trong do: Nhan L dng vdi tam giae (a^ + a^, b, + b,, c, + c,) va L/2 la nhan trung binh ciia hai nhan L^ va L^.
; - ( - ^)
- Phep nhan mdt sd vdi nhan:
a* L| = (3*3^3* b|,a* c^)
3. O^NG DUNG VAO K | £ M DfNH C H A T L U O N G GlAODUCDAIHpC
3.1. Bai toan kiem djnh chat lUtfng giao due trUdng dai hpc
Cac trUdng dai hoc ndi ehung va Viet Nam ndi rieng phai eong khai chat lupng ehuong trinh dao tao va ehat lupng tdng the ciia trUdng vdi xa hdi de ngudi hoc va doanh nghiep sddung lao dpng lUa chpn.Thdng thudng, de danh gia chat lUpng giao due eua tradng thudng can ed vao bd tieu chi nao do va dUpc cdng khai. Hien tai, eae trudng dViet Nam dang sddung bd tieu ehi ciia AUN gdm 25 tieu ehuan, trong do cd 111 tieu chi phii het cac hoat dpng ciia trudng dai hpe. Moi tieu ehuan phan anh mot mang hoat ddng, trong mang dd cd eae tieu chi lam chi tiet hon cac hoat ddng trong mang, Nha tradng phai eong khai ehat luong eiia cac mang, tham chi cae chi tiet trong mang de xa hdi quan tam laa chpn. Mudn vay, can eo mpt kiem djnh ve cac tieu ehi eae tieu ehuan va tong hpp lai la ehat lapng eiia trUdng. Cae mde danh gia ciia cac tieu ehi tieu ehuan va tong the dupe quy theo thang diem 7, dong nghia vdi: Xuat sae, tot, kha, trung binh, yeu, kem va te. Can cd vao cac mUc nay ma xa hpi biet duoc chat lapng ciia nha trUdng theo cae tieu chi va tieu chuan quan tam.
153
KHOA HOC-CONG N G H ^ .
3.2. Gidi bai toan kiem djnh chat lUOng giao due dai hpc bling
Can cd vao bp ti^u chuan gdm 25 tieu ehuan va 111 tieu ehi de kiem dinh. Viee kiem dinh do hdi ddng kiem djnh qua nhieu vdng. Trong vdng danh gia ngoai, hdi ddng gom 7 thanh vien danh gia, cd the cd eae trpng so khae nhau. Moi chuyen gia danh gia 111 tieu chi theo quan diem cham ciia minh, moi tieu chi dUOc danh gia bang 7 mde: Xuat sae, tdt, kha, trung binh, yeu, kem va te.
Gpi TC la ket qua ciia ehuyen g i a t h d i { i = 1 -7) danh gia ve tieu ehi thd j ( j - 1 - 111); a la trong sd ciia chuyen gia thd i; p. va kqTC lan laot la trpng sd va ket qua ciia tieu chi thd J.; kqDGT la ket qua danh gia ngoai eiia trUdng.
Khidd, taed:
k-gTC, -Y,a,.{kgTC,^). J = 7jrj
kqDGT = Y,P j.kqTC^:
Trong do: p - Trpng sd ciia tieu chi J 4. K^T LUAN
Trong thde tien, hau het d d lieu ma con ngUdi tiep nhan dang d dang djnh tinh, tinh md rat cao. De xd ly nhdng dd lieu dang nay dam bao tinh nhat quan ve gia trj cung nha tinh sat thuc ve ban chat ciia nd thl rat can eae edng cy xd ly mang tinh khoa hpe va than thien. Vi vay, viec giai quyet dd lieu djnh tinh cd y nghia va rat can thiet, nhat la trong thdi dai khoa hoe may tinh phat trien nhu hien nay.
Bai bao de cap den mdt each tiep can, dUa ra mdt each ap dung tong quan trong bai toan kiem dinh ehat lupng giao due trUdng vdn dang la diem thu hut sU quan tam ciia xa hpi.
dua tren dgi so gia td, Tap chiTin hoc va Cieu khien hpi T27,s63,tr.241-253.
Ngdy nhSn bai: 10/4/2019 Ngdy ch^p nh^n dang: 26/4/2019 Ngudi phdn bien: TS. Hoang Van Thong
ThS. Nguyen Dure DU
Tai lieu tham khdo
[1]. Van Nam Huynh, Cat Ho Nguyen, Yoshiteru Nakamori (2005), 1<AEDM in General Multi-granular Hierarchical Linguistic Contexts Based on The 2-Tuples Linguistic IVIodel, In Proc, of IEEE Int. Conf. on Granular Computing, pp.482-487.
[2]. Jun LIU, Da Ruan, Roland Carehon (2002), Synthesis and Evaluation Analysis of the Indicator Information in Nuclear Safeguards Applications by Computing Withwords, Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci., voi.l2, no.3, pp.449-462.
[3]. N.C. Ho, N.V. Long (2007), Fuzziness Measure on Complete Hedge Algebras and Quantitative Semantics of Terms in Linear Hedge Algebras, fuzzy Sets and Systems 158 (4), 452-471.
[4]. Van Hung Le, Cat Ho Nguyen, Fei Liu (2008), Semantics and Aggregation of Linguistic Information Based rigeA/gedrai,TheThird International Conference on gdge, Information and Creativity Support Systems,
18, Hanoi, Vietnam, Dec. 22-23, pp.128-135.
^guyen Van Long (2008), Ca sd phUdng phdp ihudng phdp ddnh gid bdng nhdn ngon ngd, Tin i u khien hoc, tr.24(l), 75-86.
Iguyen Van Long, Hoang Van Thdng (2011), Vdn Bp thdng tin bieu dien bang bp 4 vdi ngd nghia
