TAP CHi CONG THlTifNG
KET NOI DE KHAI THAC HIEU QUA TAI NGUYEN DU LICH TINH THANH HOA
• NGUYEN NHIEN HUONG
TOM TAT:
Thanh Hda la mot dia phffdng dffdc ddnh gia giau cd ve ngudn Iffc du lich. Day la ndi hdi tu day du yd'u td'de phdt tridn cac loai hinh du lich nhffng van cdn d dang tiem nang, vi vide dau tff, khai thac cac loai tai nguydn iff nhidn va tai nguyen van hda chffa tffdng xffng vdi tiem nang san ed. Viec ke't hdp de phat huy hieu qua cac ngudn tai nguyen la con dffdng dung dan, dffa nganh kinh le' du lich phat trien theo hffdng ehuyen nghidp va ben vffng, khac phuc nhffng thid'u sdt trong each thffe td chffe, phuc vu, xSy dffng thffdng hidu ndng cho du lich Thanh Hda. Bai viet tdng hdp cac loai tai nguyen du hch va dffa ra hffdng kd't nd'i cdc ngudn ldi nguyen nhff mdt giai phdp eho phat trien du lich Thanh Hda trong tffdng lai.
Tff khda: Tai nguyen du lich, khai thde, hidu qua, phat trien, tinh Thanh Hda.
1. He thong tai nguyen du Ijch tinh Thanh Hda
Khai niem tai nguydn du lich da dffdc nhieu tac gia trong va ngoai nffdc dffa ra, dffa tren nhieu gde nhin khae nhau. Theo dd, eac tac gia cung cd cdch phan loai tai nguydn Iheo cac tidu chi rieng.
Khai nidm nay d Viet Nam da dffdc luSt hda, the hidn trong Luat Du Hch Viet Nam nam 2005. Nam 2017, Luat Du hch sffa ddi da quy dinh lai dieu 3, khoan 4; "Tai nguydn du lich la canh quan thien nhien, yd'u id'tff nhidn va ede gia tri van hda lam cd ,sd de hinh thanh san pham du lich, khu du lich, diem du lich, nham dap ffng nhu cau du lich"'".
Tai nguydn du Hch ciing du'dc phan thanh 2 loai trong Lual Du lich 2017: tai nguydn du lich iff nhidn va lai nguydn du lich van hda.
1.1. Tdi nguyen du lich tti nhien - Tdi nguyen bien
Thanh Hda cd khu vffc mien bien thuan ldi cho phdl trien du hch vdi dffdng bien dai 102 km, keo dai tff Nga Sdn dd'n Tinh Gia. Dai bd bidn nay tffdng dd'i bang phdng vdi bai Idm dep, ndi tid'ng trong va ngoai nffdc, nhff: Sam Sdn, H^i Tid'n, Hai Hda... Them vao dd, bidn Thanh Hda cd nhieu dieu kien kha ly Iffdng eho boat ddng nghi dffdng nhff: nhidl dd quanh nam tffdng doi dn dinh, thffdng khdng xud'ng qua thap vao miia ddng, do man vffa phai. day bien ndng, it ranh sau, sdng manh...
Doe dai bd bien la canh quan thien nhien dep, la, vdi nhffng day niii dam ra bidn, tao thanh cac vung va xen ke la ede effa laeh. Ra
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ngoai khdi lai cd mdt sd dao nhd, nhff: Hdn Me, Hdn Ne, dao Nghi Sdn vdi mdi trffdng bien trong lanh, cdc loai ddng thffc vat bien phong phu, eung la diem dd'n du lich ha'p dan.
- Tdi nguyen dong thuc vat
Vdi dia hinh kha phong phu, phan tdn didn lich cua tinh la ddi nui, ddi nui va trung du dan xen, lao cho Thanh Hda he ddng thffc vat iff nhien da dang, la ngudn tai nguyen du lich iff nhien dac sdc. Thanh Hda cd tdi 5 khu vffdn qud'c gia va khu bao tdn thien nhien, dd la: Vffdn Qud'c gia Bdn En, Khu Bao tdn thidn nhien Pu Hu, Khu Bao ton thidn nhidn Pu Ludng, Khu Bao Ion thidn nhidn Xuan Lien, Khu Bao ton thien nhien rffng sd'n Tam Quy'-'. Ngoai ra, Thanh Hda edn hang loat diem du lich sinh thai hd'p dan, nam rai rae d nhieu huyen mien nui, nhff: Sud'i Sim, sud'i Quanh, sud'i Xia, sud'i ea Than Cam Lffdng (thdn Lffdng Ngoc, xa Cd'm Lffdng, huydn Cim Thuy)...
eiing mdt so'thde, nhff: thde Ma Hao (ban Nang Cat, xa Tri Nang, huyen Lang Chdnh), thde Mud'n (xa Dien Quang, huydn Bd Thffdc), thac Hieu (thdn Hieu, xa C6 Lung, huydn Bd Thffdc)...
Ngudn tai nguyen nay la dieu kidn de khu vffc phia Tay Thanh Hda phat tnen cac loai hinh du Hch sinh thai, du Hch edng ddng.
- Tdi nguyen hang dong, nui dd vdi Thanh Hda la tinh cd viing nui da vdi lao nen nhieu danh thang hang ddng karster dep, gdn vdi eac truyen thuye't lich sff vdn hda, nhff: ddng Tff Thffc (Nga Sdn), ddng Ho Cdng va ddng Tien Sdn (Vinh Loc), ddng Ban Bu hay cdn goi la Hang Ngan (Ngoc Lae), ddng Long Quang tren nui Ham Rdng (TP. Thanh Hda), quan the hang ddng d Tinh Gia... la nhffng diem de'n du lich cd sffc ha'p ddn du khach. Nhffng hang ddng nay ndm rai rae tren dia ban nhieu huyen, thffdng dffdc bid't de'n bdi ngffdi dan dia phffdng ma chffa thu hut dffdc khach tham quan nhieu nhff du Ijch bidn.
Ve mat iff nhien, tinh Thanh Hda cd nhffng ldi the' de phdl trien day du cdc loai hinh du lich, dac bidt la du lich tham quan, nghi dffdng bien va du lich sinh thai, du lich edng ddng viing nui.
1.2. Tdi nguyen du lich vdn hda Thanh Hda ed tai nguyen du lich van hda la
kho tang di san van hda vat the va phi vat Ihd vd cung phong phu, ed gid tri ddc trffng vd da dang vd the loai.
- Cdc di tich lich sd vdn boa
Di tich lich sff van hda la mdi ngudn tai nguyen du lich quan trong trong viec thu hut khdch du lich, dac biel la khdch du Ijch qud'c td'.
Thanh Hda la mdt trong nhffng dia phffdng cd mat dd di tich cao nha'l cua nffdc la. Theo thd'ng ke eua Sd Vdn hda - The thao - Du lich Tinh'", linh de'n thang 01 nam 2018, Thanh Hda cd 1.535 di tieh lich sff van hda va danh lam thang canh, trong dd cd 833 di tich da dffdc xe'p hang (1 di san the' gidi, 3 di lich qud'c gia dac biet, 142 di lich qud'c gia, 687 di lich cap linh). Dac biet, Tinh cd nhffng cum di tieh ed gia tri eao vd ^ nghia lich sff cung nhff ve nghe thual, kid'n true, nhff: Di tieh Qud'c gia dac biet Lam Kinh, Di tich Qud'c gia dac biet Den Ba Tneu, Den thd Le Hoan, Di lich Phu Tnnh, Nghe Vet... Ddc ddo hdn ca la Di lich lich sff Thanh Nha Ho vdi nhffng gid tri mang linh ddc trffng, ndi bit loan cau da dffOe UNESCO cdng nhan la Di san van hda thd' gidi. Nhffng di tich nay chffa dffng gid tri nhan van dam net va ed kha nang khai thde hieu qua Irong vide phdl trien du lich cua tinh Thanh Hda.
- Cdc le hoi truyen thdng
Ld hoi truyen thd'ng la mdi sinh hoat van hda thffdng gan lien vdi cdc di lich lich sff eua Thanh Hda. Cdc le hpi dien ra rai rae trong ndm, nhffng nhieu nha't van la dip dau nam mdi, sau Te't Nguyen ddn. Cac Id hdi deu dffOc dia phffdng id ehffc long trong va trang nghidm de dap ffng mdt phan nhu cau ddi sd'ng linh than, lam linh cua ngffdi dan, ddng thdi eung nham phuc vu mue dieh phat tridn du lich.
La vung da't cd lich sff lau ddi va giau truyen thd'ng van hda ndn Id hdi d Thanh Hda ra't da dang, chffa dffng sac thdi van hda dae irffng cua tffng dia phffdng vdi 3 loai hinh ndi trdi la: le hgi lin ngffdng (nhff: Id hdi thd thanh hoang lang, id hdi thd mau, thd cdc than ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, ngff nghidp...). Id hdi vdn hda lich sff (nhff: Id hdi Den Ba Tridu, Id hdi Lam Kinh, le hdi Le Hoan...), le hdi dan gian gan vdi truyen
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thuye't (nhff: Id hdi Mai An Tidm, Id hdi Tff Thffc, le hdi Ddn Dde Cffdc...).
- Cdc sdn phdm thu cong truyen thdng Thanh Hda la tinh hdi tu nhieu lang nghe Ihu cdng truyen thd'ng da dang, phSn bo deu trdn dia ban tinh. Vung mien nui phia Tay ed nghd del thd cam d ban lang ngffdi Mffdng, ngffdi Thai huydn Lang Chdnh, Ba Thffdc... Vung ddng bang cd nghe due ddng d lang Che xa Thieu Trung;
nghe gd'm gia dung d lang Vdm, xa Thieu Khdnh, huyen Thieu Hda; nghe che' tdc da d Ddng Sdn. Vilng bien cd cdc lang nghe chie'u cdi d Nga Sdn, nghd dan may Ire ghep dffa xual kha'u d Hoang Hda, Sam Sdn, nghe tien gd d Quang Minh - Ihanh phd' Sam Sdn... Khdi phuc va phat trien ede lang nghe truyen thd'ng la hffdng di dang dffdc tieh cffc trien khai d Thanh Hda. Day la giai phap hidu qua ve mat kinh te' di giai quye't ngudn lao ddng tai chd, lang nguon thu nhap cho ba con dia phffdng. Hdn Ihd' nifa, bao ve nghe truyen thd'ng cdn cd y nghia van hda, lich sff sau sac. Vi vay, du Hch lang nghe hay du lich ndng thdn la mdt xu hffdng du lich mdi dang dffdc nhieu khdch du lich hffdng de'n de tim hidu, trai nghiem van hda dia phffdng.
- Cdc ldi nguyen du lich vdn hda khdc Tinh Thanh Hda cdn cd nhieu gid Iri van hda phi vat the ed thd khai thde, ket hdp vdi eae ngudn lai nguydn du hch Iff nhien va van hda neu tren dephuc vu phat tnen du lich. Dd la cdc lan dieu dan ca, dan vu truyen thd'ng cua cdc dan tdc anh em sinh sd'ng lau ddi trdn dia ban tinh, nhff: dieu hd dpc khu vffc .song Ma, sdng Chu, didn xffdng mua den d Ddng Sdn, trd dien Xuan Pha d Thp Xuan, hat cheo Ihd d Ndng Cd'ng, hat ru d TTnh Gia, cung cac dieu miia sap, mua xde cua ddng bao dan ige Thai, Mffdng, H'mdng...
Them vao dd, xff Thanh cdn cd nhidu mdn an ddc san, la tinh tiiycbdl loc iff ngudn Iffdng thffc, Ihffc pham sdn cd eua dia phffdng. Day se la nhffng thff qua lffu niem ma du khach ed the ihffdng Ihffe tai chd hoae mua ve, nhff: nem chua d thanh phd'Thanh Hda, che Lam Phu Quang - VTnh Ldc, banh gai Tff Tru - Tho Xuan, dffa tffdi d Hodng Hda, nffdc mam Ba Lang - Tinh Gia,,..
Nhff vay, ngoai nhffng ldi the' vd vi tri, nam trong khdng gian du lich ve tinh cua Irung tdm du lich thu dd Hd Ndi, Thanh Hda edn cd he thd'ng tai nguydn thien nhien va vdn hda phong phu, ddc trffng, la dieu kien IhuSn ldi dd phat tridn du lich.
2. Hrftfng kd't no! ngudn tai nguydn du lich tinh Thanh Hda
2.1. Ket no'i tdi nguyen du lich tgi diem den Theo Chffdng trinh phdt Irien du lich Thanh Hda giai doan 2016 - 2020 cua tinh Thanh Hda, ede khu du lich trpng diem la: Sam Sdn, Ham Rdng, Thanh nha Ho, Lam Kinh, Hai Tid'n, Hai Hda, sud'i cd Cd'm Lffdng, Pu Ludng, Pu Hu... Tai cdc khu du Hch nay, tiem nang du lich dffdc danh gid la thd' manh ndi trdi so vdi nhieu nganh kinh td' khdc. Tuy nhien, hidn tai, cdc diem dd'n ehi dffa trdn ngudn Iffc tai nguydn du hch iff nhidn ho^c van hda san cd ma chffa ed sff lien ket cdc ngudn tai nguyen. Vi vay, sff phat Irien du lich tai cdc diem de'n nay van bdc id nhieu han chd'. Du lich Sam Sdn hidn ehi dffa trdn dai bd bidn dai va dep dffdc thien nhidn ffu dai ndn tinh miia vu eao.
Trong khi dd, ngudn Iffe di san van hda tai Sam Sdn vdi nhieu di lich lich sff, Id hdi, lang nghe truyen thdng chffa dffdc kd't hdp trong phat trien du hch de gdp phan gidm bdt tinh mua vu, tang hidu qua du lich. Cdc didm du lich bien nhff: Hai Tien, Hai Hda cung trong tinh trang iffdng Iff.
Gan day, cae diem du lich sinh thai, du lich cdng ddng d phia Tay Thanh Hda dffdc nhieu du khdch trong va ngoai nffdc bid't de'n vdi phong canh tff nhien nguydn sd, vdi van hda cua cac tdc ngffdi Thai, ngffdi Mffdng dde sdc, nhffng ngffdi lam du lich tai dia phffdng chffa dffdc dao tao bai ban, thie'u kinh nghiem Irong viec xay dffng cdc md hinh du Hch cdng ddng, du lieh sinh thai. Vi vay, mac dii ed san ngudn life du lich, nhffng Ba Thffdc, Quan Hda, Cam Thuy, Ngoc Lac... van la nhffng huydn mien mil ngheo.
2.2. Ke't ndi tdi nguyen du lick giffa cdc diem de'n
Thanh Hda la linh rdng, dia hinh da dang, eac lai nguyen du hch lai nam rai rae Irdn dia ban toan linh, nen vide ke't nd'i cac didm de'n la didu
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kidn quan trpng dd phat trien du lich. Mac du trong cdc ke'hoach, chffdng trinh du Hch cua Tinh da dinh hffdng xay dffng cdc tuye'n du lich xuyen Eac Nam, Ddng Tay, song tren thffc td', khach du Hch van Ihffdng chi den mdt sd' didm ndi bat, quen thupc, nhff: Sam Sdn, Hai Tid'n, Lam Kinh, Pu Ludng... Cd the dd ddng nhdn tha'y sff phat trien du lich Thanh Hda dang phdn tdch thanh 2 bp phdn kha ridng re: Khu vffc du lich ven bien phia Ddng (Sam Sdn, Hai Tie'n, Hai Hda...) va Khu du lich sinh thai, du lich cdng ddng phia Tay Thanh Hda (Pu Ludng, Pii Hu, Khu bao ton thidn nhien Xuan Lidn ). Sff kd't nd'i lour, tuye'n du lieh d 2 phia Ddng - Tdy cdn han che'. Phifdng lien di chuyen giffa cdc diem ehu ye'u la d id nhu'ng Iffdng xe khdch chffa nhieu; dffdng sd da ndng ca'p, md rdng nhffng van chffa Ihffc sff dam bao cho nhu cau giao Ihdng eua khdch du lich. Dae bidt, vao miia mffa, cac tuye'n dffdng khu phia
Tay Thanh Hda thffdng dd bi sut Id, anh hffdng cua lii quel do nam d vung cao, nhidu ddi nui.
Ne'u khd khan di lai 2 phia Ddng - Tay dffdc giai quyd't, chac chan, lai nguyen du lich giffa ede didm dd'n ciing dffdc kd't nd'i de phuc vu hidu qua muc dich du lieh.
3. Kd't lu^n
Tdi nguydn la mdi ph^n quan trong cua ngudn Iffc du lieh. Ddnh gid day du gia tn eua cdc loai lai nguydn de cd dinh hffdng sff dung, khai Ihdc cho phdl tridn du lieh Id vide lam can thie't. Dd'i vdi Thanh Hda, mdt dia phffdng giaued, da dang vd lai nguydn, nhffng du lich van phdt tridn chffa ddng ddu giffa mien nui, dong bang va ven bien.
Nhieu tai nguyen cdn d dang liem nang, chffa difdc "danh thffc". Xu hffdng lidn kd'l vung lanh Ihd, lien ke'l tdi nguydn Ihidn nhidn la giai phap cd y nghTa Ihffc tidn trffde mat cijng nhff lau ddi cho nganh Du lich Thanh Hda •
TAI LIEU TRICH DAN:
' https://lhuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/Luat-du-lich-2017322936 aspx
^Tinh Thanh Hda (2017), Chuang trinh phdt trien du lich Thanh Hoa giai dogn 2016 - 2020, Nhd Xudt bdn Thanh Hda, tr 64
\ Sd Vdn hoa - Thi thao - Du lich Thanh Hda (2018), Danh sdch di tich xep hgng tinh den ddu ndm 2018.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. L§ Tgo (2011), Dl sdn van hoa truyen thd'ng, mot ngudn luc ddc biet eho phdt trien du lich d Thanh Hoa, Nhd Xudt bdn Thanh Hda.
2. Tinh Thanh Hda (2017). Chuang trinh phd! trien du hch Thanh Hoa giai doan 2016 - 2020, Nhd Xud't bdn ThanhHda
3. Thdnh uy. HDND, UBND Thanh phd Thanh Hda, tinh Thanh Hoa (1999), Dia chi Thdnh phd Thanh Hda, Nhd Xud't bdn Van hda Thdng tin.
4. Thuvien phdp luat, Ludt Du lich Viet Nam 2017, https-//thuvienphapluat vn/van-han/Van-hoa-Xa-hoi/Luat-du- lich-2017322936.aspx
5. UBND tinh Thanh Hoa (2015), Chie'n luac Phdt trien du lick linh Thanh Hda de'n ndm 2025, tdm nhin de'n ndm 2030.
6. Sd Vdn hda-Thi thao-Du hch Thanh Hda (2018). Danh sdch di tich hch sd- vdn hda vd danh lam thdng canh xe'p hgng cdc cdp
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TAP CHi CONC THlfdNG
Ngay nhan bai: 7/10/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chiYa: 17/10/2019 Ngay chap nhSn dang bai: 27/10/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
NCS. N G U Y I N NHIEN HUONG Trrfdng Cao dang Stf pham Trung Utfng
CONNECT TO EFFECTIVELY EXPLOIT TOURISM RESOURCES
OF THANH HOA PROVINCE
• PgD. NGUYEN NHIEN HUONG Notional College for Education
ABSTRACT:
ThanhHoaisbelievedtohavealotoftourismresources. All elements of the tourism industry are converged here, yet, they have not been maleriahzed. It is due to the fact that the investment and exploitation of natural and cultural resources are not commensurate with the available potential. Thanh Hoa should utilize to promote the resources efficiently to help the tourism economy develop sustalnably as well as minimize the shortcomings of tourism-branding of Thanh Hoa. The article summarizes the types of tounsm resources and provides directions for connecting resources as a solution for the future tourism development of Thanh Hoa.
Keywords: Tourism resources, exploitation, efficiency, development, Thanh Hoa province.
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