VAN HOA N G H E T H U A T TROMC M W C
Du Ijch cong dong
hudng dl mdi cho nong ddn
TUE SAM
N
gay nay, khdng the phu nhan vai trd quan trpng eiia du lich ddi vdi phit tridn kinh td. Thye td cho tha'y, phit tridn du lich da tao mdt ngudn lye mdi, ddng gdp dang ki vao thu nhap qude gia. Vdi tdc dp tang trudng vi khaeh, cung nhu doanh thu, du lich dang din thay ddi co ciukinh te, tang ty trpng cac nganh dich vy, giam ty trpng ndng, lam, ngu nghiep, phi vd nin kinh t i khep kin, chuyen dich theo eo che thi trudng. Diiu niy ed dupe la do sy lien kdt tie ddng qua lai mat thidt giiia du lich vdi nhiiu nganh kinh te, tao ndn siic hiit manh me vd'n diu tu trong va ngoai nude vio CO sd ha ting vat chat, trang thidt bi... nhim phue vu cho phat
Du Ijch cdng ddng dugc hieu nhu la mdt loai hinh du Ijch ma mgi hoat ddng cua nd gan lien vdi dan cu nham muc dich tao dieu kien cho mgi thanh vien trong cdng ddng, cum dan cu dugc tham gia, kid'm seat, quan ly..., va phan Idn loi nhuan tu cac hoat ddng du Ijch dugc giir lai cho cdng ddng nhim phat trien ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than...
o c
CO
£ C
i— c
-< c
E o IS-z
>
<o £ c o>
<o c c
^ >
-o u
£
Duk
^
's^*
2 s
• ^ V
& ^ S l * ^ ^ ^ i
* '•%".
. V
* I J^ "-'
tridn, nhung vin dam bao dupe an sinh xa hdi va qud'c phdng.
Theo bao eio eiia td chiic Giam sit Doanh nghidp Qude te (BMI), ve nganh du lich Viet Nam, thi dy bio nam nay nude ta se thu hiit dupe khoang 5,58 trieu lupt du khaeh, tang 8%
so vdi nam ngoii (5,16 trieu) (1). Trong bao eio quy 2 2011, BMI phan tich dinh gia dp tin nhidm, riii ro ciia eac thi trudng trdn toan ciu, cho ring lupng khaeh ddn nude ta nam 2010 tang 40% so vdi nam trudc (2). Sd khich den tir cie nudc thudc khu vyc Chau A - Thii Binh Duong tang 7,74%
trong nam 2010, so vdi nam trudc, ehiing to Viet Nam da trd thinh thi trudng du lich hip din nhit khu vuc (3).
Diiu niy dae biet in tupng khi trudc day Viet Nam thudng diing sau cac nude trong khu vyc nhu An Dd, Thai Lan. Hidn nay Viet Nam da trd thanh mdt didm de'n tdt trong khu vuc va cd the thu hiit du khich khdng edn thich di tham nhihig dia danh du lich Idn hon. Ddng
I ' - V^
- * ^ " ^^"
Sd 324 Thang 6-2011
VAN HOA DLTONG DAI thdi bio cao cua BMI cung ndu rd, Chinh phu
Viet Nam da coi du lich la nganh chiin lupc chu ehdt vi hy vpng nd se ddng gdp 4,5% vao tdng sin phim qude dan (GDP) trong nam 2011 (4). Nhung day mdi chi la nhiing dy doan, cdn kit qua dat dupe nhu vay hay khdng edn tiiy thudc vao nhieu ydu td.
Nam 2011 dupe xie dinh la nam du lich qud'c gia vdi trpng tam la du lich bien dao.
Nhiiu chuong trinh hip din nhu li hdi Ha Long, bin phio hoa Da Ning, li hdi nghi truyin thdng Hud... htta hen mang ddn nhiing Ipi ieh to Idn cho dit nude va sy tham gia tam huyd't eiia cdng ddng. Mudn lim dupe diiu dd, ben canh tao mdi cie loai hinh, sin phim, diu tu CO sd ha ting cho du lich... thi xa hdi hda thanh phin tham gia eiing la mdt khau rit quan trpng, ddi hdi phai ed nhirng ke hoach phii hpp.
Tir trudc de'n nay, hoat ddng du lich ludn ehii trpng tdi diu tu phit tridn dpi ngu hudng din vien, cie nhi quan ly, diiu hanh..., nhung lai thiiu sy quan tam ddn ting ldp nhirng ngudi ndng dan, ehua cd kd hoach nhim thu hut dpi ngii niy tham gia vio hoat ddng du lich.
Ndng dan la ting ldp chiem sd lupng Idn trong tdng dan sd cua mdi qud'c gia, ed vai trd rit quan trpng trong phit tridn kinh td dit nudc.
Cac chinh sich ciia ehinh phii dua ra diu uu tien phit tridn ndng nghidp. Ndng dan lim du lich cd le cdn xa la ddi vdi mdt nudc ndng nghiep nhu Viet Nam, nhung trdn the gidi, day la md hinh thu hut dupe mdt luong Idn Iao ddng tham gia, dat dupe nhiiu thinh tyu, dien hmh nhu My, Anh, Phap...
Thye td phit tridn d cac dia phuang da ehi ra, ddi khi phat tridn du lich mdt cich rim rp lai khdng dem de'n Ipi ieh kinh te cho cdng ddng dan cu dia phuong, ngupe lai, nd gay tie hai, anh hudng ddn tii nguydn va cudc sdng eiia ngudi dan ban dia. Vi nhu, d mdt sd diem du Ijch ed ddng du khaeh ddn, mdi trudng da bi tie ddng rit manh nhu d nhiim rie thai, tidng dn, nhiiu di tich bi xam hai, van hda tdc ngudi bi mai mdt, dien hinh la chp tinh Sa Pa, hay khi den cac ban ling, ta tha'y rit it ngudi mac trang phue truyin thdng, thay vao dd la nhihig bd
quin ao hien dai... Diiu nay xay ra la do viec phit trien khdng ehii y ddn tinh bin vihig va Ipi ieh ciia cdng ddng, ngudi dan ehua dupe tham gia vao hoat ddng du lich.
Ddi vdi ndng dan nudc ta, du lich epng ddng se la hudng di mdi cho phit tridn kinh td trong tuong lai, gdp phin xda ddi giam ngheo, tao vide lam, nang cao dan tri, ngoai ra nd cdn ed y nghia trong viec bao ve eac tai nguydn thien nhien, nhiing gii tri van hda truyin thdng, net sinh hoat ed xua... De thu hiit ndng dan lim du Ijch, trudc hit ein tra ldi dupe cau hdi lam sao de hp thoit ngheo. Khi giiip ngudi dan edi dupe mit niy, mpi cdng vide se trd ndn tdt dep. Ben canh dd cin xie dinh xem dia phuong cd nhiing thd manh nao, ehii trpng tap trung khai thae tao diu in rieng so vdi nai khac.
Du lich cdng ddng la loai hinh ma mpi ngudi dan dupe tham gia cimg vdi eac cdng ty du lich, lit hinh ngay tii diu va trong sudt qua trinh doan luu trii tai ling. Tiic la, md hinh nay giao quyin chu ddng eho cdng ddng dan cu, khuyen khich hp tham gia td chiic quan ly, dam nhidm cac hoat ddng du lich. Day la mdt trong nhihig md hinh dang dupe uu tidn phat tridn tai eic dia phuong nudc ta, khi mdi me, nhung dem lai Ipi ieh vi mat kinh td, xa hdi to Idn, phii hpp vdi dae thii van hda ciia Vidt Nam, mdt xu hudng phat trien bin viing vi hip din du khich.
Niu nhu du lich van hda thien ve tim hiiu cac gia tri truyin thdng, du lich tham quan thien vi ngim canh thidn nhien, nghi ngoi..., thi du lich cdng ddng lai bao him nhiiu hoat ddng, tao ndn mdt bire tranh sinh hoat phong phii, d dd du khich dupe sdng vdi thidn nhidn, cam nhan sy trong linh ciia einh quan, nhan thirc sau sic vi nhiing gii tri nhan van ciia van hda truyin thdng, ciia sinh hoat viing miin rit ddi binh di, mdc mac.
Hien nay, hoat ddng du lich cdng ddng d Viet Nam phat tridn rit manh, thu hiit dupe ddng dao ngudi dan tham gia.
Du Ijch ndng nghiep cd the dupe hieu la mdt hinh thiie phit tridn mdi quan he giao hda vi mat ty nhidn, van hda, va con ngudi giiia eac viing dd thi va ndng thdn thdng qua viec din d
Sd 324 Thang 6-2011
VAN H 6 A NGHg T H U A T TROMC MWfrC
hoae tham quan ed muc dich hudng thu cie sin vat dia phuang tai timg hd ndng dan... Du lich ndng nghidp ed nhiiu tdn gpi khac nhau nhu du lich ndng thdn (Anh), du lich trang trai (My), du lich xanh (Nhat Ban), du lich vdi ed cay (Phip)..., nhung cd the gpi chung md hinh nay la hinh thii du lich ndng nghidp.
Yiu td quan trpng hing diu cua mdt sin pham du lich li siie hip din du khich. Ddi vdi du lich ndng nghidp, siie hip din nay chinh la ngudn tii nguydn vd tan de tao ra eac san phim du lich dde dio. Nhung ngoii ydu to thidn nhidn, nd edn la san phim cua tri tue va kinh nghiem eiia ngudi dan. Kdt hpp tdt hai yiu td nay, chiing ta se tao da dd du lich ndng nghidp phat tridn rdng khip, mang lai hidu qua kinh td' cao.
Rd ring, ndu so sinh vdi mdt so qude gia khie thi cie san pham du lich cua Viet Nam khdng the phong phii bing. Nhung, vi loi thi phit tridn loai hinh du lich cdng ddng thi chic chin Vidt Nam khdng hi thua kem. Thidn nhien da ban tang eho nude ta mot dia hinh diy dii mii cao, trung du, ddng bing. Hon thd, Viet Nam cd khi hau thuan hda cho cd cay sinh sdi, tao thuan Ipi cho phit tridn manh ndng nghidp Ilia nude. Viet Nam la nudc xuit khau gao diing thii 2 trdn thd gidi, do dd, ndng nghiep khdng nhihig la mdt trong nhihig nginh chu dao trong phit tridn kinh td ma edn la ngudn tai nguyen vd eiing phong phii eho du lich khai thie. Dya trdn nhirng loi thd ve tii nguyen vi ngudn Iao ddng, loai hinh du lich ndng nghidp dang trd thanh xu hudng mdi, mang lai gia tri cao eho ngudi ndng dan.
Phit tridn du lich ndng nghidp nhim xda ddi giam ngheo viing cac tdc ngudi thieu sd mdt each bin vung, nhimg vin bao tdn dupe mdi trudng van hda, ty nhidn li mdt trong nhihig chu trupng phit tridn kinh te nhim cai thidn ddi sdng eho nhan dan dang gap nhiiu khd khan.
Ddng thdi, dd se la ddng lye thiie day phit tridn hon niia cie hoat ddng ndng nghidp nhu quang bi san pham, xuit khiu tai chd cac ndng san, gdp phin lam giam ehi phi van chuydn... Thay vi trdng chd vao sy trp giup eiia Nhi nude, khi
phat tridn du lich ndng nghidp, ngudi ndng dan da chit ddng tao ra dupe ngudn thu tii khaeh thdng qua vide bin ndng san va kinh doanh dich vu, tir dd ed vdn dd lam giau cho gia dinh, lang xa va gdp phin vao cimg cd nin kinh ti qude gia.
Cd the ndi, du lich sinh thai, du lich ndng nghidp thidn ve hoc hdi, trai nghidm cudc sdng.
Tham gia chuong trinh nay, du khich se dupe giao luu, tiep thu kinh nghiem cudc sdng, dupe tim hidu van hda, tiep xiie vdi thidn nhien mdt each ty nhidn va gin gui, mang lai cam giic thye thy, mdt trai nghiem mdi vdi khdng gian rdng md... Ndu nhu hinh anh ngudi ndng dan vdi eon trau trdn canh ddng, nhung ngudi phu nii dang mai midt gat liia... li chuyen rit ddi binh di ddi vdi ngudi Viet thi ddi vdi khich du lich, dd lai la nhiing diiu ly thii, kich thich su td md ciia hp. Hp eiing mudn mdt lin dupe lam ndng dan, dupe tham gia vao hoat ddng Iao ddng sin xuit. Nim bit dupe nhu ciu dd ciia du khaeh, eac cdng ty da td ehiic cie tour du lich ndng nghiep d mdt sd dia bin ed nhiiu Ipi the nhu Lao Cai, Sa Pa, Khinh Hda, Ninh Binh, Vinh Long, Can Tho... Cac vung ddi mii cd diiu kidn phit tridn rudng bac thang, ddi che...
kdt hop vdi thidn nhidn; ddng bing phit tridn ndng nghidp gin vdi tham quan gii tri van hda...
Dii dat dupe nhiiu kdt qua, song du lich ndng nghidp d Vidt Nam edn hoat ddng nhd le, cim chimg, khdng ed quy hoach phit tridn phd cap nhu cie loai hinh khac, ehua xiing tim vdi mdt nude ndng nghidp diing hang diu trdn thd gidi. Du khich tham gia tour du lich nay da phin li khich qud'c td. Khich ndi dia chua thye sy quan tam tdi nhiing tour du lich niy.
Du lich home stay li loai hinh du lich ma du khich dupe d va sinh hoat chung nha vdi ngudi dan ban xir, de kham phi trai nghidm cudc sdng thudng ngay ciia hp, xam nhap vao ddi sdng gia dinh eiia ngudi ban xii thdng qua eon dudng hpc tap, du ijch, tham quan, tim hidu van hda...
Theo hinh thiic nay du khich se ciing an, d, lam, sinh hoat eiing ngudi dan, tiic la chii nha noi hp sdng.
| | S 6 3 2 4 Thang 6-2011
V A N H O A P L T O N G P A I Home stay Viet Nam xuit phit tir nhu ciu
ciia cie vi khich tay ba Id, danh eho nhimg ngudi thich khim phi, tim hiiu vi cudc sdng, phong tue tap quan va eac nin van hda khie nhau... Tuy la loai hinh du lich mdi, song thuc sy nd da khing dinh dupe uu thd trong vide thu hiit du khaeh, trd thanh tour hap din, thii vi. Du lich home stay dupe vi nhu la cdng eu him hieu dd du khich cd thd hieu sau ve net van hda, phong tue tap quin noi hp din.
Viet Nam cd sy da dang vi van hda, phong tue tap quan. Mdi tdc ngudi lai ed nhiing net rieng, vi nhu trang phuc ciia ngudi Dao, Mdng, Thai..., hay nhiing li hdi va eac tap tue ludn cd sy khie bidt. Day ehinh la nhimg ngudn tai nguyen, kho biu quy gii dd nganh du lich khai thae vao cie tour khac nhau.
Md hinh du lich home stay hien nay dupe ip dung rit thanh cdng d Hdi An, Hda Binh, Sa Pa.
Ngudi dan d nhiing noi day diu trd thanh cie hudng din vidn du lich diy kinh nghiem trong bdi canh ngudi ngudi lam du lich, nhd nhd Idm du lich. Day cung dupe coi la thanh cdng trong viec thiie diy ngudi dan lam giau tren ehinh que huong minh, vi bao tdn dupe gii tri truyin thdng cho con chau mai sau.
Hdi An cd Ipi the vdi hd thdng cac cdng trinh kien triic, van hda am thye, thuan loi phit trien loai hinh du lich van hda, tham quan. Vai nam trd lai day, Hdi An da md thdm tour du lich home stay, dupe rit nhiiu du khich ydu thich va lya ehpn. Cac ngdi nha ed da dupe sir dung lam noi nghi chan cua du khaeh va ngudi chu nha lai chinh li hudng din vidn giiip khaeh tim hidu vi van hda Hdi An, thdng qua cie hoat ddng nhu di cho lua dd, niu an, ciing thudng thiic cie mdn vdi gia dinh chu, lam den ldng...Va sau khoang thdi gian Iao ddng met nhpc, du khich se ed thdi gian thu gian ngim phd ed vi dem, nhung con dudng vdi diy hoa, vi anh sing mudn miu ciia den Idng, thudng thiie nhung dac sin eiia phd cd nhu cao liu, mi Quang,...
Tai Hda Bmh, du lich home stay phit tridn manh d khu vyc ban Lie. Trdn chuydn xe din vdi ban Lie du khaeh se khdng khdi ngd ngang
trudc khung canh thien nhidn noi day. Ban Lie dupe bao bpc bdi rimg niii hung vl, xanh mudt mdt mau, thip thoang li nhiing mai nha sin hien ra, md ao trong suong sdm. Den day, du khaeh se sdng trong cac ngdi nha sin eiia ngudi Thai, eiing hp det vai, san xuit ndng nghiep, thudng thiie cie mdn an truyin thdng nhu com lam, rupu Mai Ha, thit rimg... Ngoai ra, d day edn phit tridn dich vu cho thud trang phue truyin thdng, du khaeh cd thi mac, hoae chup hinh luu nidm... Ddm d ban Lac, du khich se dupe tham gia budi dot liia, ciing nhay sap, miia quat,... Khi dupe hdi, nhiiu khaeh den Hda Binh du lich diu thich thii vdi cac dieu miia cua ngudi Thii. Nd tao nen khdng khi vui ve va thd hidn tinh doan kdt thdng qua vide ca cdng ddng diu nd niie tham gia.
Sa Pa la diem du lich ndi tiing cua Viet Nam, vdi the manh vi canh quan, khi hau, da dang vi van hda tpc ngudi thieu sd, ludn dupe khdng it khaeh du lich lua ehpn trong hanh trinh ciia minh. Khi tham gia tour du lich home stay, du khich se dupe d nhimg ngdi nha san eiia dan, eiing hp Iao ddng san xuit, thudng thiic nhimg net van hda truyin thdng, hay tham dy eac Id hdi ndi tieng nhu chp tinh, li giu tao (Mdng), tdt nhay (Dao), ciu miia (Day)..., thudng thirc cie mdn an truyiti thdng nhu thing ed, Ipn ban cip nich nudng, ei sudi, rupu San Liing, tio Meo... Hidn nay du lich home stay eiing phat tridn rdng khip d cac dia phuong khie trong ca nude nhu Ninh Binh, Hai Phdng, Di Lat, Hi Ndi...
Du lich sinh thdi miet vudn, dupe hidu la loai hinh cung cip eac sin phim du lich eho du khich dya trdn nin tang cie vudn cay an trii tap trung, cd quy md tuong ddi Idn vi gin vdi canh quan sdng nudc. Day li loai bmh thu hiit dupe mdt lupng Idn ngudn Iao ddng tham gia vao hoat ddng du lich. Nhimg dia phuang cd diiu kidn phit tridn loai hinh du lich niy tap trung d mdt sd tinh ddng bing sdng Cim Long nhu Tiin Giang, Vinh Long, Bin Tre..., noi bdn miia cay edi trIu qua. Sau nhimg gid ngdi trdn thuyin ba la trdi qua eic kdnh rach dan xen giQa cie tin li, du khich cd thd nghi ngoi ngay
Thang 6-2011
S6 324JI
VAN HQA NGHE THUAT TROMC MIWC
tai vudn, thudng thiie nhtmg trii cay tuoi ngon, nhung mdn an truyin thdng, cimg tham gia cie trd choi hay ngdi nghe nhiing ban nhae tai tii mang dam phong each Nam Bd vira trii tinh vita phdng khoang...
Ngoai ra Viet Nam edn nhiiu tour du lich cdng ddng khac nhu di tham quan cac ling nghi, kham phi net van hda dpc dao eiia ddng bao cie tdc ngudi... Diiu quan trpng ciia du lich cdng ddng la dya vio dan. Khi dupe lam chii, ngudi dan se tham gia tich cue, nhiet tinh, va ludn nang cao y thiie trong vide bao ve cac ngudn tii nguydn, bdi dd ehinh li kd sinh nhai nudi sdng hp. Nhu da bidt du lich la loai hinh mang tinh miia vu, cho nen thdi gian khai thae khdng dupe nhiiu, gay han che cho phit tridn.
Vi nhu du lich bidn ehi khai thie dupe vao miy thing he, cdn vao miia ddng va mua mua lu, hiu nhu khdng khai thae dupe; du lich the thao ciing bi anh hudng bdi ydu to thdi tidt... Cac loai hinh du lich cdng ddng di khie phue dupe phin nao tinh miia vu. Ching han vdi tour du lich home stay, khi thdi tidt thuan Ipi, du khaeh ed the tham gia vao cac hoat dpng ngoai trdi, khi khi hau thay ddi xiu cd thd d trong nhi dan de thudng thirc van hda thdng qua giao luu, trd chuydn, nghe cac eau chuydn hay nhihig lin didu am nhae, lim san phim truyin thdng, che bidn cac mdn an...
Bdn canh dd, vide phit tridn du lich cdng ddng da tao diiu kien thu hiit vd'n diu tu vio eo sd vat chit, ha ting nhu nha nghi, dudng xa, dien, dich vu khie..., giiip nang cao hon ddi sdng cho ngudi dan, dae bidt la lang, ban, viing ddng bao eac tdc ngudi thieu sd.
Di phat tridn dupe loai hinh du lich cdng ddng, cin khuydn khich ngudi ndng dan chii ddng tham gia mdt cich tich eye hon, eho hp tha'y dupe Icri ieh vi mat kinh t i cung nhu mdi trudng. Mudn lam dupe nhu vay thi trudc hdt vai trd eiia eac cip, nginh la rit quan trpng, ben canh dd ein ed ehinh sach phat tridn phii hpp ciing sy hd trp ciia nhiiu cdng ty du lich, lii hanh. Nhung khdng phai khuydn khich dua hp tham gia vao hoat ddng du lich rdi bd mac, gidng nhu dem con bo cha. Van di nhitc nhdi
niy ma hiu hdt eic dia phuong diu mic phai, bdi ehua cd nhtmg ehinh sach eu the hpp ly, phii hpp vdi tam nguydn cua dan.
Mudn thu hiit dan tham gia thi trudc tidn can bd phai lam guong, thudng xuyen chi dao sat sao, kip thdi, ed nhu vay mpi ngudi se ty giac lam. Trong qui trinh td chite du Ijch, eac can bp, lanh dao phai thudng xuyen ddn dde kiem tra, xir ly ngay cie vi pham, tranh tinh trang de lau lam xiu hinh anh eiia diem du lich, gay khd khan cho cac hoat ddng khie. Ngoai ra, cin tuydn truyin de ngudi dan thye hien ndp sdng van hda, khdng ehi ddi vdi khich du lich ma cdn ea vdi ling xa, ddng tdc.
De du lich cdng ddng phat tridn ein cd nhiing giai phip xiic tien manh me tii phia cac cip nganh him quan. Cu thd vi trudc mit cin giiip dia phuong, ngudi dan cd nhiing dinh hudng va nang cao nang lye vi kinh te thdng qua tap huin vdi cac ndi dung nhu ky nang ddn tidp khich, td chiic dich vu luu trii ngay tai nha dan, xay dyng cie md hinh didm vi du lich cdng ddng tai cac huyen xa thdn ban dd nhan rdng, ciing vdi dd la diu tu co sd ha ting vat chit ky thuat, tu vin ve san xuit va tidu thu sin pham...
Cin cd nhimg chinh sich hd trp uu tien cho ngudi dan lam du lich, thay vi phai rdi que huong di kiem sdng d noi xa, hp ed vdn de phat trien ngay trdn que huong. Viec niy cd y nghla hdt Slic to Idn ddi vdi phat tridn dit nude, bdi nd gdp phin giu gin an sinh xa hdi, khai thie dupe Ipi thi cua cac vimg qud mdt cich hidu qua, giam tai mdt lupng Idn Iao ddng dd vi cac thanh phd Idn, vi han chd eac td nan xa hdi...
Nganh du lich da trd thinh mdt trong nhimg ddng lye chinh thiic day tidn bp kinh td xa hdi d nhiiu nude va la uu tidn hing diu trong phit tridn ciia mdt so nude ngheo. Viet Nam hien dang cd nhiiu co hdi dd phit tridn du lich trong tuong lai, dac bidt li phit tridn cac loai hinh du lich trong dd ed sy tham gia tich eye cua cdng ddng dan cu. Cd nhu vay, sy phat tridn du lich mdi dam bao tinh ben vimg, lau dai •
TS
1, 2, 3, 4. Trfch tir nguon VietBao, ngay II-4-20II.
So 324 ,11 Thang 6-2011
