Tang cir&ng phat trien du Ijch cong dong
TS. TRAN DGY LIEM
Nhffng nam g^n d§y, hoat dfing du Hch of LSm Dong dang co bffofc phat tridn nhanh, tuy nhi^n vin chifa xifng vofi ti^m nang sin co. Do vay, de tang cifcfng thu hut du khach den dia phrfofng, c^n da dang cac loai hinh du lich, trong do co phat tri^n du lich cdng ddng.
TIEM NANG PHATJRIEN DU LjCH C O N G DONG Du lich cdng dong (Community- based Tourism) Id mdt loai hinh du lich phdt trien tren cd sd stf ttf nguyen tham gia cdc hoat ddng kinh doanh du lieh eua mpt cpng dong dan ctf. Muc tieu phdt trien loai hinh du lich Id nhdm giai quye'l viec lam, tang thu nhap cho ngtfdi dan dia phddng, dong thdi gdp phan vdo ben vffng moi trtfdng ttf nhidn va cac gia tri van hda ban dia.
Ldm Dong Id mdt trong 5 tinh d khu VLfc Tdy Nguyen ed nhieu tiem nang ve phdt trien du lich cdng ddng vi md'y ly do sau:
vi tdi nguyen du Itch tu nhien. Lam Dong cd vi tri vd eung thuan ldi ve stf kd't ndi cac tour du lich cdng ddng giffa cdc tinh Tdy Nguydn vdi cdc linh Ddng Nam bp vd Duyen hai mien Trung. Vdi dia hinh phan ldn Id cdc cao nguydn (Lam Vidn, Di Linh vd mpt phan Md Ndng) va ddt do bazan mdu md. ke't hdp vdi dieu kien khi hau can nhiel ddi nui cao quanh nam mdt me. Id dieu kien thuan ldi de Tinh phdt trien cdc vung chuydn canh cdy cdng nghi$p lau ndm (cd phe, che, ddu tam,..), cdc vung ehuyen eanh hoa dn ddi, cdc vtfdn cay dn trdi vd phdt trien rffng.
Vdi dem nang ndy, cd the phdt trien tour du lich cdng ddng tham quan trai nghidm cdc vtfdn rau, vtfdn hoa, vtfdn cay an trai, Idu tni dtfdi tdn rffng...
Ngodi ra, trdn dja ban tinh Ldm Dong cd nhieu .sdng.
sudi vd cdc thac nffde dep cung Id tdi nguydn du ljch quan trpng de khai thdc phuc vu du khach tham quan.
trdi nghiem cdc loai hinh du lich gan vdi edng dong dan ctf, nhtf: du lich the thao giai tri. du Ijch mao hiem, du lich kham pha va dm hieu ve dong que...
Ve tin nguyen du hch nhdn van. Ldm Ddng Id ndi sinh sd'ng cua nhidu ddn tdc khdc nhau. Ngodi ngtfdi Kinh. d Lam Dong cdn cd cdng dong ddn tdc thieu sd, nhd: ngtfdi Chill, Lach. Src, Chu Ru, Ma... va eae cdng dong dan tdc thieu so' d phia Bde di cff vdo (ngffdi Mtfdng. Thai...).
Mdi cdng ddng dan tdc thidu sd cd nhffng net rieng ve ldi sdng, kien tnic nha d, phong tuc, tap qudn, Ie hdi va cdc hoat ddng san xud't Idng nghe truyen Ihdng cna minh.
Dieu nay cung cudn hut du khdch den tim hieu, tham quan vd trai nghiem ditfc te've cudc sdng, phong tuc tap qudn hdng ngdy eua dan ctf dja phtfdng.
M O T SO M O H I N H D U LjCH CQNG DONG (/) Cdc md hinh du ljch cgng dong gdn vdt cdc hogt dgng sdn xudt ndng nghiep, bao gom cdc linh vtfc: trong trpt (cay Iddng didc, cdy edng nghiep, cay hoa mau, cay rau ddu, trong hoa...), ehan nudi (gia sue va gia cam) va nudi trong thuy sdn. d Lam Dong, the manh trong phdt trien ndng nghiep la trdng cdy cdng nghiep lau nam (ca phd, che, ddu tdm - phdn bd'chu ye'u d cdc huyen phia Nam: Ddc Trpng, Lam Ha. Di Linh, Bao Lain va thanh phd Bao Ldc), trong rau va hoa (phdn bd chii yd'u d Dd Lal vd vijng phu can). Do vdy, day la tiem nang the manh cua Tinh trong viee phdt trien cdc md hinh du Ijch cpng ddng gdn vdi cdc vdng chuydn canh cay cd phe.
cay che, cdy ddu thm va cae viing trong rau vd hoa.
(2) Cdc md hinh du Itch c gng dong gdn vi/i ldng nghe truyin thdng. Lam Dong cd nhieu lang nghe truyen
b-unomy jnd Furvi-jM Rim-w
63
KIMH TE NGANH - DjA PHadNG
thdng, trong dd deu bieu lang nghd del ihd cam B'Nd C (xa Lat - Lac Dddng), lang nghe K'Long (xa Hidp An - Dtfc Trpng), lang dan tdc "Budn Go" (thi tra'n Ddng Nai - Cdt Tien... cac san phim chu yd'u la vai thd cam, cdc loai vdy ao, tui xach, vi, khan... Trong khu vtfc eae lang nghe nay, md hinh du lich cdng ddng se la ngddi dan tao ra cac san ph£m dich vu du lich phuc vu du khach: Itfu tru trong ldng, tham quan va trai nghiem (keo sdi, del vai, may cac san pham...), mua sam cac san pham thd cam ve dung hay lam qua lang.
(3) Cdc mo hinh du lich cgng dong gdn vdi hogt dgng thudng ngdy cua cdc cgng ddng ddn tgc thieu sd.
Day la md hinh td chtfc cho du khdch de'n tham quan vd tim hieu v l kid'n true nhd d, phong tuc tap qudn, ddi sdng hdng ngdy cua dan edban dia cd ke't hdp vdi dieh vu Idu tru trong cae nha dan. Ngddi dan tham gia qua hinh thffc hddng ddn cho du khaeh tham quan vd gidi thidu v l lich sd, phong tuc tap quan, sff dung cdc vat dung truyen thdng, cae cdng cu lao dpng va san xua't, na'u cac mdn an Iruyen thdng, bieu dien cae ldn didu dan ca vd nghe thuat dan gian...
M O T S O G I A I PHAP
Mac du cd nhilu tiem nang mang tinh Ipi the' ve du hch cdng dong, song viec phdt trien loai hinh du lich nay mang dnh dac trtfng ridng vd cd sdc hut manh dd'i vdi du khdch d linh Lam Dong edn chda ttfdng xtfng vdi tiem nang san cd. Do vay, can cd hd thd'ng cdc giai phdp d^y manh phdt trien loai hinh du hch nay. Dd la:
Mgt Id, can cd cd ehe' ehinh sach va stf phan chia trdch nhidm dong bd giffa ngtfdi ddn vdi chinh quyen, cdc ddn vi kinh doanh du lich, td ehffe dodn the, dia phtfdng. Xdy dtfng quy chd' phd'i-kd't hdp giffa cdc bdn tham gia phdt trien du hch cpng dong, ban hdnh vd thtfc hien mdt sd chinh sdch nhdm phat huy nhffng Idi the' vd han chd' khd khan de phdt trien du lich cdng ding tai dia phffdng. Xay dffng quy ehe'phan phd'i ldi ich cdng khai, rd rdng, minh bach giffa cac chu the tham gia phdt trien du lich cpng ddng.
Hai Id, can ehd trpng xay dffng ed sd vdt chd'l, ha tang ky thuat (nha khach, bai ddu xe, cac bien chi dan, trang thid't bi phuc vu khach du lich, nhffng dung eu cho cdc boat ddng cdng dong, ca mua...). Tie'n hanh quy hoach luyen, diem du lich cpng dong cu the, hd trd cdng ddng trong viec dieu phd'i khaeh, phan khu Iffu tru, an udng, ban hdng, vui chdi giai tri...
Ba la. danh thu nguon vd'n tff cae ehffdng tnnh phal trien cua Nhd ntfdc cho ndng thdn va mien ndi, cac ngudn
tai trd cua cac td chffc phi chinh phu trong viec hd dp cdng ddng va huy ddng ngudn ldc tiJCdan. Trong dd, dac bidt la cac nguon vdn hd trd ve phat trien cac khu vifc s3n xua't ndng nghidp, san xud't lang nghl, van chuyen va che bien cac san ph£m ndng sdn, xay dffdg ndng thon mdi..
Bdn Id. nang cao y thtfc ngtfdi ddn trong viec phdt huy Idi thd'vdn hod, canh quan Iff nhien de phat trien du lich, hinh thdnh nen cac nhdm ndng cdi trong phat trien du lich cdng ddng. Trong dd, quan trpng la md cac Idp ngan han ve dao tao ky nang, nhtf: giao tidp, htfdng ddn vd thuye't minh du lich, ngoai ngff, phuc vu du lich khdc (trong ITnh vffc Itfu trd vd an udng)... nha't Id ky nang san xua^t cdc san pham truydn thd'ng (dd'i vdi the'he tre).
Ndm Id, can td chdc cdc chuydn khao sdt thdc dia vl tidm nang va Ihtfc irang phdt trien du lich cdng ddng d cac dia phddng, cung nhff khao sat y kid'n eiia du khdch vd cdc nhd kinh doanh du lich 6i nam bat dffdc cdc nhu cdu thi hid'u ctia ho, tff do phdt trid'n thdm cdc sdn pham dich vu mdi.
Sdu Id, thid't kd' ndi dung tuydn truyln vd quang bd bdng td rdi, cd'm nang vd tren cdc website (cua Tinh va cua cdc cdng ty Iff hanh) ve thdng tin cdc diem du lich, luyd'n du lich vd cdc san phim du lich cpng done...
Bdy Id, de hoat ddng du lieh cdng d6ng d Lam Dong cd hidu qua, can phai nghien ctfu vd dd'n hdnh cdc gidi phdp lien ke't hpp Iy, bao gdm lien ke't khdng gian (lanh thd) va lien kel nganh. Sd lidn ket khdng gian cdn lien hdnh giffa cdc luyen du hch cdng ddng tai Ldm Ddng vdi cac tuye'n du lich cpng ddng lai cdc linh Tdy Nguyen, vdi cdc linh Ddng Nam bd va cdc tinh Duydn hai Nam Trung bd. Lien ke't nganh Id sd kd't hdp giffa vide kinh doanh cdc loai hinh du lich cdng dong vdi viec kinh doanh cac loai hinh khdc, cung nhd la sff Hen ke't giffa cdc cd sd kinh doanh thudc cac linh vtfc khdc nhau (Idu trd, an udng. Iff hdnh, khu diem, vui chdi, giai tri, mua sam...).Q
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Tinh uy Lam Dong (2012). Nghi quye't sd 04 - NQ/TU ve phdt trien du ljch, dfeh vu giai dogn 2011-2015
2. Vidn Nghidn cdu vd Phdt trien Ngdnh nghl ndng thdn Viet Nam (2012). Tdi ligu hUdng ddn phdt trien du lich cgng ddng
3. Harold Goodwin & Rosa Santilli (2009). Community-based Tourism: a success?
