HOI NHAP
$ Chau Au va lan song vo* np- cong
Eurozone:
Khung hoang ngcongse lan rong?
'•m
PHAM TH! THUY HANG Khoa Kinh te - Dai hoc Vinh
No cdng Id phdn ung phu cua cdc gdi kich thich kinh temd cdc chinh phii trien khai nham nhanh chdng thodt khdi cudc khung hodng tdi chinh - kinh tekhoi phdt tif My vd lan rdng tren todn cdu. Tuy nhien, cd nhieu nguyen nhdn khde khien ng cdng ludn & muc "ngdt ngu&ng" trong nhieu ndm qua tai khdng it cdc nu&c chdu Au. Cho den nay, khiing hodng no cdng dang la gdnh ndng tqi luc dia ndy.
Tir Hy Lap...
Tiep ngay sau khiing hoang tai chinh the gidi, kinh t l chau Au lai lam vao con ldc mdi khi chinh phu Hy Lap vao ngay 05 /11 / 2009 cdng bd miic tham hut ngan sach 12,7%
GDP, cao gap 4 lln miic cho phep ciia khu vuc ddng tiln chung chau Au (Eurozone).
Tinh hinh np cdng ciia Hy Lap ndi rieng va khu vuc ddng Euro ndi chung lien tue gia tang tir nam 1999 din nam 2009. Hien nay, tdng sd np cdng tiong khu vuc Euro vao khoang 7.062 ty Euro, tiong dd khoin np ciia Hy Lap la 273 ty Euro, chilm khoang 4% tdng np ciia khu vuc ddng tiln chung. Ty le np cdng tien GDP ciia Hy Lap nam 2010 theo du bao ciia Uy ban chau Au (EC) udc vao khoing 124,9%.
Nguyen nhan diu tien ciia khiing hoang np tai cac nudc ndi chung la tac ddng ciia
BIEU DO 1: NCr CONG TAI CAC N l f a c EUROZONE (% GDP)
— Miic quy dinh cua Lien minh —
2010 (da bao)
20 40 60 80 100 120 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ngudn: Uy ban chau Au (EC)
khiing hoang tai chinh nam phil da tung ra nhirng gdi hd 2008. D l ciiu van n i n kinh te tip khdng Id n h i m kich thich khdi con suy thoai, cac chinh kinh te phat tiien. Gdi hd tea
50 THANG 12/2010 Tai chinh
cdng ciia cac nudc mdt each dang ke.
Tuy nhien, ben canh nguyen nhan tien thi cudc khiing hoang np tai Hy Lap ndi rieng va ldi giai cho van d l np cdng "ngat ngudng" d mdt sd nudc ndi chung cdn xuat phat tir viec:
- Khong tudn thu chat che cdc quy dinh trong lien minh tien te
Theo cae dilu khoan ciia Hiep ude Maastricht, d l tham gia vao khu vuc ddng tiln chung, cac qudc gia thanh vien phai dap iing nhieu chuan muc nhu mirc bdi chi ngan sach phai nhd hon hoae bang 3%
GDP; np chinh phii nhd ban hoac bing 60% GDP. Theo quy dinh nay, Hy Lap chua dii d i l u kien tham gia khu vuc ddng tiln chung chau Au nhung nudc nay v i n mud'n gia nhap khu vuc ddng Euro bdi ngoai v i n de danh du cdn la su cin thiet vi neu Hy Lap sii dung ddng tiln chung, gidi d i u ca tiln te se khdng t h i tan cdng va n i n kinh t l ciia nudc nay se cd dupe su binh dn. Ben canh dd, tham gia
"eau lac bd" nay ciing ddng nghia vdi viec Hy Lap ed t h i tiep can dupc vdi ngudn vd'n tin dung lai suit thap. Ngay 1/1/2001, Hy Lap vin dupc chip thuan gia nhap vao khu vuc ddng tien chung vdi dilu kien phai nd luc cai thien miic tham hut ngan sach va n p chinh phii. Tuy nhien, den nay, cac rang budc tren v i n chi la ldi hiia ciia Hy Lap bdi tren thuc te cac chinh phii luan phien nhau dudng nhu "ngii quen" tren ddng n p va hp "chi biet chi tieu". Bdi ehi ngan sach va n p nudc ngoai khdng nhirng khdng dupc cii thien ma cd xu hudng ngay cang tang.
- Tdc dong tieu cue ciia tien trinh hoi nhdp kinh tekhu vice
Qua tiinh binh thanh ddng tiln chung dupc chia thanh ba giai doan nhim giiip cac qude gia dilu chinh nen kinh te theo hudng hdi nhap toan dien va sau rdng - hang hda,
\'d'n va siic lao ddng dupc tu do hda hoan toan. Tuy nhien, ddi vdi cac
thap, nang luc canh tranh y l u nhu Hy Lap, Ireland... thi day thuc su la thach thiic.
Mdt sd quy dinh v l thue ciia EU ciing gay tac ddng tieu cue den Hy Lap, khien ngudn thu ngan sach ciia hp bi suy giam. Ngoai ra, d l tianh lan sdng di dan khi thuc hien tu do hda lao ddng, chinh phii Hy Lap budc phai gia tang cac khoan chi phiic Ipi, chi an sinh xa hdi va dilu nay lai gdp p h i n lam tham hut ngan sach gia tang.
- Tdc dong tieu cue tic viec khong co mot chinh sdch tien te doc lap
He thdng NHTW chau Au bao gdm NHTW chau Au (ECB) va 16 NHTW ciia cac qud'c gia thanh vien.
ECB dilu hanh chinh sach tiln te.
Quy dinh nay tao nin tang cho viec hinh thanh va dn dinh ddng Euro nhung nd cung mang lai nhieu thach thiic cho cac chinh phii do hp khdng thi sir dung chinh sach tiln te lam cdng cu huu hieu d l hd tip kinh t l phat tiiln.
Cac qud'c gia thanh vien khu vuc ddng Euro chip thuan mdt NHTW chung, mdt chinh sach tiln te chung nhung khdng chap thuan mdt chinh sach thue chung bdi mdi qud'c gia can ed mdt ngan sach rieng. Day lai la 1 rao can ddi vdi khu vuc ddng tiln chung bdi vi chinh sach tiln te va chinh sach tai khda ludn cd mdi quan he khang kbit vdi nhau.
Lai suit tren thi tiudng tien te phu thudc vao chinh sach lai suit do ECB dinh doat. Lai suit trai philu chinh phii lai do bd tai chinh eiia timg qud'c gia quyet dinh. Quylt dinh ciia bd tai chinh phu thudc vao chlnh sach tai khda ciia timg qud'c gia. Ddi vdi mdt sd nudc cd nang luc canh tianh kem ban, tham hut ngan sach ldn hon cac qud'c gia khac tiong khdi, de binh dn n i n kinh te, phat hanh trai philu chinh phii vdi lai suit cao hon la giai phap dupc ua chudng. Vi vay, khiing hoang np do mat kha nang chi tia chi cdn la van de thdi gian \'a van nan nay khdng dimg lai d Hy Lap.
Ciing gidng Hy Lap, cudc khiing hoang np ciia Ireland bit d i u tir su hdi tu ciia nhieu yeu td. E>e duy tri mdt xa hdi cd phiic Ipi thudc loai cao nhat va thue thip nhat khdi ddng tiln chung, Chinh phii Ireland phai thudng xuyen vay mupn tiln. Hau qui la npnudc ngoai tang cao, tham hut ngan sach thudng xuyen d miic 14,3% GDP, cao nhit khdi EU.
Ireland timg dupc xem la mdt
"eon hd" ciia khu vuc Celtic nhd tang tiudng kinh t l manh me. Tuy nhien, bong bdng b i t ddng sin vd tung da khiln cac ngan hang eiia Ireland ngap tiong np xiu, day chi phi vay vd'n ciia ca he thdng ngan hang lln Chinh phii nudc nay tang vpt. Day Cling la dilm khac biet tiong khiing hoang np d Ireland so vdi Hy Lap. Neu tinh ca khoin tiln ma Chinh phii Ireland bd ra d l nang dd he thdng ngan hang, tham hut ngan sach nam nay ciia Ireland se len tdi 32% GDP, cao gap 10 lln miic quy dinh eiia EU.
Nhin lai qua khii, nam 1973 khi Ireland chinh thirc gia nhap Lien minh chau Au, nudc nay la mdt tiong sd nhung nudc ngheo nhit tai chau Au. Ngay ca khi da nhan dupe hd tip tir cac nudc chau Au khac, ty le that nghiep tai Ireland thap nien 1980 d miic tiung binh 16%.
H i p d i n vdi miic t h u l doanh nghiep 12,5%, cac cdng ty ldn ciia the gidi da do xd den Ireland nhirng nam 90 va nhd xuit khau, nudc nay trd thanh mdt trong nhirng "con hd" vimg Celtic. Nam 2001, ty le that nghiep tai heland giam xudng edn 3,9%.
Trong khoang thdi gian 1 thap ky tinh den nam 2006, kinh te Ire- land tang tiudng tiung binh 7%/nam, tdc dp tang tiudng kinh te nhanh nhat tiong nhdm nudc thudc khu vuc ddng tiln chung chau Au.
Miic dd tang teudng kinh te In tupng, cimg vdi tin dung long leo, bong bdng b i t ddng san ldn din. Tir nam 1997 den nam 2007, gia nha tai day tang gin gip 4 lln.
Tai Chinh THANG 12/2010 51
^ TAI CHI'NH QUOC TE & HQI NHAP
n
Sau khi ngan hang Lehman Brothers sup do vao thang 9/2008, khiing hoang tai chinh the gidi that su tilm trpng hon, nhung v i n d l tien thi tiudng bat ddng san Ireland bit dau Inh hudng rat xau den nen kinh tl. Chi sd ISEQ ciia thi thi trudng chung khoan Ireland cung giam 70% so vdi dinh cao vao nam 2007. Ong Patiick Honohan, thdng ddc Ngan hang Trung uong Ireland, cho ring tdng miic thua Id tai cac ngan hang cho vay nude nay, tiong dd tinh ca ngan hang do nudc ngoai nim mdt phin sd hiru, len tdi 85 ty euro, tuong duong 50% GDP.
He thdng ngan hang heland gin nhu khdng cd kha nang thanh toan dudi ganh nang np xau do cho vay kinh doanh bat ddng san khdng thu hdi vd'n dupc. Trong vai thang qua, ngudi giii tien da riit ra khdi hai ngan hang ldn nhat. Allied Msh va Anglo Irish, khoing 25 ty Euro, khiln cho quy tiln mat ciia cac ngan hang gin nhu can kiet va niu khdng sdm dupc d p ciiu he thdng nay cd the bi xda sd. Viec cac ngan hang he- land dang np chdng chat khdng chi lam anh hudng tdi nin kinh t l Ire- land ma cdn de dpa tdi ca chau Au.
Viec giai ciiu cac ngan bang nay thoat khdi tinh tiang no nin la dilu cin thiet. Chinh phii heland da bom khoing 50 ty Euro cho he thdng ngan hang va khien tham hut ngan sach ciia nudc nay d muc ky luc.
Nhung bit dn vi md ciia kinh te heland lam cho cac nha dau tu lo sp.
Trong thang 11/2010, lai suit tiai phieu eiia heland da tang len cac miic cao ky luc, lam bimg len nhung lo ngai ring cudc khiing hoang np va tham hut ngan sach cua khu \'uc ddng Euro cd thi dang budc vao giai doan hai diy nguy hilm, chi 6 thang sau khi khdi cac nudc nay da phai ra tay giai ciiu Hy Lap. Ngay 11/11, lai suat tiai phieu chinh phii ky ban 10 nam ciia heland da tang len 8,929% - miic cao nhit kl tir khi chau Au dua vao luu hanh ddng Euro \-ao nam 1999, dat cac thi trudng tiai philu chau Au
\'ao tinh tiang cang thing cue dd.
1/2006 1/2008
D l lam an long gidi d i u tu, Chinh phii Ireland cam kit se cit giim 6 ty Euro, tuong duong 3,8%
GDP, tiong chi tieu ngan sach nam 2011, giam them 9 ty Euro tiong ba nam 2012-2014; ddng thdi tang ngudn thu them 5 ty Euro tir thu thue, nham dua miic tham hut ngan sach v l nguong 3% GDP. Cho dii dai da sd ngudi dan Ireland chip nhan "thit lung bude bung" nhu cai gia phai til eho thdi ky sd'ng sung tiic tiudc day, song ve mat chinh tii, dilu nay lam xdi mdn nilm tin va su ling hd ciia dan chiing ddi vdi chinh phii. Thii tudng Brian Cowen tuyen bd se riit lui, giai tan chinh phii va td chiic tuyen cii sdm tiong thang 12/2010. Nhu vay, Ireland la nudc d i u tien tiong khdi 16 nudc Eurozone giai thi chinh phii do tac ddng ciia cudc khiing hoang tai chinh.
Bien cd nay gay nen mdt eii sdc cl tiong gidi chinh tii va tien eac thi tiudng tai chinh chau Au. Vdi nd luc dap tit su hoang mang ciia cac thi trudng, cac Bd tiudng Tai chinh chau Au kit thiic cudc thio luan tai Brussels ngay 28/911/2010 da quylt dinh tiao cho heland gdi ciiu tip tei gia 85 ty euro (113 ty USD) va gia ban them mdt nam cho nudc nay, din nam 2015, de thu hep tham but ngan sach xudng 3% GDP.
Hieu ung Domino?
Tiy cac khoan ncr chong cheo Chau Au da mat nhilu thang tranh luan mdi dua ra dupc k l
1/2010
hoach 110 ty Euro (150 ty USD) de giiip Hy Lap. Sau dd, mdt ca chi hi tea cac nudc thanh vien khdi Euro dupc thanh lap vdi tdng sd vd'n len tdi 750 ty Euro va nhd vay, chau Au da phan iing nhanh chdng tiong tiudng hpp heland, ciiu nguy nudc nay ma true tiep la nganh ngan hang khdi bi pha san. Thi nhung, nghi v i n thuc su ma cae thi trudng dang dat ra la dieu gi se xiy ra sau khi cac chuong tiinh hd trp ket thiic? Lieu nd luc ciia chinh phii cac nudc, EU va IMF cd dii d l ngan chan tinh trang v a np cua nhilu qudc gia va nhieu ngan hang hay khdng khi ma cac mdn np ciia cac nudc vupt qua xa nguong cho phep va chdng cheo vdi nhau.
Trudc bet la Hy Lap vdi mdn np 236 ty USD, tiong dd np Phap 75 ty, Diic 45 ty va Anh 15 ty. Tuy nhien, khdi np nay cdn chua tham vao dau so vdi hai nudc lang gilng ciing dang tren bd khiing hoang la Tay Ban Nha va Bd Dao Nha.
Tay Ban Nha np tdng cdng 1.100 ty USD, hon bdn lln mdn np ciia Hy Lap, bao gdm 238 ty vdi Diic, 220 ty vdi Phap va 114 ty vdi Anh.
Bd Dao Nha np tdng cdng 286 ty USD, trong dd mdt p h i n ba la no Tay Ban Nha (86 ty), rdi den npDiic 47 ty, Phap 45 ty va Anh 24 ty;
nhung Tay Ban Nha ciing n p cheo 28 ty. Hy Lap ciing n p Bd Dao Nha gin 10 ty.
Ngoai ra, Itaha cd mdn npldn tdi 1.400 ty USD va Ireland n p 867 ty USD, va ca hai d i u mang np ldn vdi ba nudc da k l la Diic, Phap va Anh.
52 T H A N G 12/2010 Tai Chinh
Cac nha phan tich cho ring Bd Dao Nha, Tay Ban Nha - bai nudc nay cd tinh hinh tai chinh cdng khdng vung chic cd the gap khd khan, phai tia gia dit tiep theo sau Hy Lap va Ireland. Tham hut ngan sach ciia 2 nudc deu cao hon nhilu lln so vdi nguong an toan, ciia Tay Ban Nha nam 2009 la 11,1% GDP, cdn ciia Bd Dao Nha la 9,3%.
Tuong tu nhu Hy Lap va heland, trai philu chinh phii eiia Bd Dao Nha va Tay Ban Nha bi gidi d i u tu ling tianh, lai suit trai phieu len tdi 7% ma v i n khdng cd ngudi mua.
Chinh phii Bd Dao Nha ludn tian an thi trudng rang, hp khdng cin su giup da tai chinh tii ben ngoai song tuong tu nhu Ireland dieu nay khdng xoa diu dupe ndi so hai cudc khiing hoing np cdng se lan rdng.
Cho den nay, cac thi trudng tai chinh vin tin ring, day la mdt xu the khdng thi tranh khdi. Hien tai, Bd Dao Nha cd thi chua can din hd tip ciia chau Au nhung vdi miic np
duong 84% GDP), nhu ciu huy ddng vd'n ciia Bd Dao Nha cdn cao hon ca Ireland. Sang nam 2011, Bd Dao Nha se ddi mat vdi khoan n p 25,6 ty Euro chua cd ngudn de thanh toan, tiong dd cd 19,7 ty Euro phai thanh toan tiong sau thang d i u nam 2011. Bd Dao Nha rat cd the se tun kiem su tip giiip tir ben ngoai tiong nam tdi.
Vl teudng hpp Tay Ban Nha, Thdng ddc Ngan hang Trung uong nudc nay Miguel Angel Fernandez Ordonez thira nhan tac ddng tir cudc khiing hoang tai chinh d Ireland da lan nhanh sang Tay Ban Nha va Madrid ciing da ed chuong teinh
"that lung budc bung". Theo cae nha phan tich, dilu nay dae biet dang lo ngai tiong bdi canh kinh te Tay Ban Nha khdng tang trudng trong quy III/2010, sau hai quy tang teudng cham va gan hai nam suy thoai, teong khi ty le that nghiep ciia nudc nay hien d muc cao trong Khu vuc ddng Euro, chiem gan 20% luc
BIEU DO 3: THAM HUT NGAN SACH TAI MOT SO NU^aC CHAU AU (% GDP)
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Nganh ngan bang Tay Ban Nha ciing dang khdn khd khi bong bdng bat ddng sin tai nudc nay va. Sd heu mdi cdng bd gin day cho thay ty le np xiu tiong cac ngan hang Tay Ban Nha len tdi 5,6%, miic cao n h i t tir nam 1996.
Gidi phan tich nhan dinh EU cd thi ciiu Bd Dao Nha, song cho Tay Ban Nha vay tiln se la viec lam qua siic ddi vdi hp. Tdng sin pham qudc ndi ciia Tay Ban Nha chiem tdi 10%
khu vuc sii dung ddng Euro, trong khi tdng san pham qud'c ndi ciia cl Hy Lap, heland va Bd Dao Nha chi chiem 6%.
Loi thodt ndo cho Eurozone
Theo quy dinh, ty le np cdng tdi da ddi vdi mdt qud'c gia thanh vien ciia khdi sii dung ddng Euro la 60%
GDP trong khi tham hut ngan sach hang nam khdng dupc vupt qua 3%. Tuy nhien, tien thuc tl, chi cd 2 trong sd 16 qud'c gia thudc khu vuc ddng tiln chung dap iing day dii nhung tieu chi nay la Phin Lan va Luxembourg. Diie va Phap - 2 n i n kinh t l d i u tau ciia khu vuc Cling dang phai vat ldn vdi tham but ngan sach. Chinh su vupt rao
"tap the" nay la mdt nguyen nhan quan trpng khien chau Au roi vao cudc khiing hoang n p hien nay.
Theo cac chuyen gia kinh tl, du nhan dupc gdi ciiu tip tai chinh thi nhiing nudc chau Au dang chim ngap tiong np n i n v i n diing tiudc nguy ea xiy ra khiing hoang np cdng. Bdi vi, de kilm che n p cdng tang, chinh phii cac nudc dang phai cit giam chi tieu, giam sd nhan vien trong khu vuc cdng cdng va tang thue - tit c l nhiing ddng thai d i u can trd tang trudng kinh te. Trong khi dd, viec kinh te suy giim hoac dinh tre se lam giam miic thu thul, khien chinh phii cac nudc h i u nhu khdng thi dat dupc thang du ngan sach, vd'n rat can d l til np. Theo mdt so nha kinh te, day la cai vdng luan quan, la cai "bay no" dang de
Tai chinh THANG 12/2010 53
1 ^
TAI CHI'NH QUOC TE & HQI NHAP doa cac nudc cd ty le np cdng cao.Them vao dd, cho den thdi diem nay v i n chua ro "sd phan" cac khoan np cdng ciia Hy Lap, Ireland se ra sao mdt khi Quy Ciiu tip khan cap eiia chau Au hit ban vao ngay 30/6/2013?
Do vay, sau nhiing ddng thai ciiu nguy cho Hy Lap, Ireland dilu cin tinh din la viec cai td cau triic ciia khdi Eurozone. Tuy dimg chung mdt ddng tiln, cac nudc manh va nudc yeu ciia khdi nay dang bi day di theo cac hudng khac nhau va ngay trong khdi da tdn tai mdt su mit can bing nghiem tipng giiia cac nin kinh t l manh nhu Diic va eac nin kinh t l dm yeu d khu vuc Dia Trung Hai, Bac Tay Au. Nhieu nha
BIEU OO 4: DIT BAO THAM HUT NGAN SACH KHU VITC BONG TIEN CHUNG CHAU AU
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kuih te hpc tu hdi, heu cd nen duy tii su thdng nhat ciia khdi Eurozone hay can cd mdt he thdng mdi cho phep eac qud'c gia dupc linh boat
Ngudn: EC, ECB
ban trong viec hoach dinh chinh sach tai khda va chinh sach tien te, phii hpp vdi yeu elu va trinh do
phat tiien ciia minh? $
DIEN BIEN KHUNG HOANG Nff TAI MOT SO NU^aC CHAU AU
05/11/2009: Chinh phii Hy Lap thdng bao tham hut ngan sach nam 2009 se dmiic 12,7% GDP.
14/1/2010: Chinh phii Hy Lap cdng bd ke hoach binh dn, tuyen bd mud'n giam tham hut ngan sach xudng miic 2,8% GDP vao nam 2012.
29/1/2010: Chinh phu Tay Ban Nha edng bd ke hoach tiet kiem 50 ty Euro (tuong duong 70 ty USD) trong dd tdng sd tiln chi tieu giam tuang duong 4%
GDP. Luong lao ddng teong linh vuc cdng giam 4%.
11/04/2010: Bd teudng Tai chinh cae nudc thudc khu vuc ddng tiln chung chau Au chap thuan ke hoach 30 ty euro danh cho Hy L?p, tuy nhign Hy Lap tuyen bd khdng cin.
23/04/2010: Hy Lap elu ciiu EU va IMF.
2/5/2010: Thii tudng Hy Lap cho biet chinh phii nudc nay da dat dupc thda thuan vdi EU va IMF de nhan dupc gdi giai ciiu.
110 ty euro trong 3 nam. Day la nudc dau tien tai khu vuc ddng tiln chung chau Au dupe hd trp. Chinh phii Diie ddng y gdp 22,4 ty euro tuang duong 30 ty USD eho ke hoach ciiu Hy Lap.
10/5/2010: Cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach kinh te toan eau dua ra ke hoach khan cap tii gia 750 ty euro de hd tip thi tiudng tai chinh va vuc day ddng Euro, ngan ddng tiln nay chiu anh hudng te hai tir khiing hoang np Hy Lap.
Gdi giai ciiu bao gdm 440 ty euro tir eac nudc thudc khu vuc ddng tien chung chau Au, 60 ty euro tir cdng cu np ciia chau Au. IMF ddng gdp 250 ty euro.
25/05/2010: Ndi eac Itaha bd phieu thdng qua ke hoach that chat ngan sach, tiet kiem 24 ty euro vdi muc tieu den nam 2012 dua tham hut ngan sach ve miic
2,7% GDP tu miic 5,3% ciia nam 2009.
27/05/2010: Qudc hdi Tay Ban Nha chap thuan k l hoach that chat ngSn sach nham tiet kiem 15 ty euro tuong duong 18,4 ty USD.
28/5/2010: Fitch ha xep hang tin dung ciia Tay Ban Nha tir AAA xudng AAH- bdi n p tidu ditng va doanh nghiep tai nudc nay tang len miic qua cao, dd la chua ke den ng cdng dang d miie dang bao ddng.
21/11/2010: heland chinh thiic nop don xin hd tea de ciiu kinh te va ngan hang nudc nay, nhu vay heland la nudc thii 2 thudc khu vue ddng tien chung chau Au tim kiem ca hdi dup-c giai ciiu tii EU va IMF.
22/11/2010: Thii tudng Ireland tuyen bd se tii chiic va giai tan chinh phii teong thang 12/2010. Ke hoach that chat ngan sach ciia Ireland du kie'n duge dua ra trudc Qudc hdi heland vao ngay 07/12/2010. Ke hoach se keu gpi tiet kiem 6 ty euro ngan sach, ke hoach nay cin phai nhan duge su chip thuan ciia EU va IMF.
23/11/2010: S&P ha 2 bac xep hang tin dung dai ban ciia heland tir miic A xudng AA-, teiln vpng ngan ban bi dilu chinh giam xudng A-1 tii miic A-l-i-.. Xep hang tin dung ciia Ireland da bi dieu chinh giam 2 bac, teien vpng tieu cue. Viec phai chi qua nhieu tien ciiu nganh ngan hang se khien chinh phii Ireland phai manh tay vay ng
28/11/2010: Cac Bd teudng Tai chinh chau Au dua ra cac quyet sach ldn: trao cho Ireland gdi ciiu teg tri gia 85 ty EUR (113 ty USD); cho phep Hy Lap keo dai thdi gian, la 4 nam rudi niia de hoan tra cac khoan ng len tdi 110 ty EUR ciia minh de khdp vdi thda thuan keo dai 7 nam nhu cua Ireland; xac nhan cam ket Phap - Ehic v l mdt ca che giai ciiu sau nam 2013.
54 T H A N G 12/2010 Tai chinh
