Ha Trieu Huy Hgp tdc gido due - ddo tgo giiea Viet Nam vd Australia..
©2020 Vi#n Nghien ciru An Og vh Tay Nam A T3P chi Nghien cii'u Xn Bp va Chau A So3(8S}, thang 3-2020 http;//viisas.vass gov vn ISSN: 0866-7314
Hop tac giao due - dao tao giira Viet Nam va Australia (2008 - 2018): Thanh tuu va t r i k vong
Hd Trieu Huy*
Truong Dgi hpc Khoa hgc xd hgi va Nhdn vdn Tp Ho Chi Minh Ngdy nhdn bdi. 30/7/2019. ngdy gui phdn bien - 04/02/2020, ngdy duyet ddng. 10/03/2020
F
iet Nam dang bu&c vdo cdng cude Ddi m&i vd dgt duge rdt nhieu thdnh tuu quan trgng, trong do cd nhdng thdnh tuu vi gido due - ddo tgo. Australia Id qude gia cd nen gido due phdt triin, trong giai dogn 2008 - 2018, hgp tdc gido due - ddo tgo Viet Nam vd Australia dd gidnh dugc nhieu thdnh tuu quan trgng a cdc cdp bgc hgc, gdp phdn thdt chat han niea quan he ddi tdc chien luge Viet Nam - Australia, thuc ddy gido due Viet Nam phdt triin vd khdng dinh tinh uu viet eita nen gido due Australia. Hgp tdc gido due - ddo tao Viet Nam - Australia hua hen ed nhieu trien vong m&i trong tuang lai khi Viet Nam ngdy edng hpi nhdp sdu rpng vdo mdi tne&ng qudc ti vd khu vuc.Tir khda: Hpp tac, Viet Nam, Australia, giao due - dao tao Mo-dau
Trong bdi canh toan can hda hien nay, xu hudng "ngoai giao giao due" da va dang la chinh sach d6i ngoai xuyen suot nhim thu hut ngudn nhan lyc cd tigm nang tten thg gidi vg nhiing qudc gia cd ngn giao due phat trign. Ddi vdi Viet Nam, hpp tac giao due - dao tao da gdp phan dao tao dpi ngii nhan luc chit lupng cao, phuc vu cho cdng cudc cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dit nudc. Australia la mdt ttong nhung quoc gia cd ngn giao due phat ttign tien tien nhat d khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong.
Kg tir sau nam 1945, Australia da ngay cang gia tang nhiing nhan thirc mdi vg Dong Nam A, ttong dd CO Viet Nam. "Tic sau ndm 1945 Id thai diem md Australia bdt ddu nhdn thiec dugc vi tri chien luge cd tinh chdt sdng cdn cua Ddng Nam A ddi vai Australia. Khu vuc Ddng Nam A la nai Australia cd nhimg lgi ich thiit yiu, tru&c hit la vi an ninh vd quoc phdng, m& rpng ra han Id cd cdc linh vuc khdc, trong do kinh ti dan dan noi len vi tri hdng ddu tic giiea thdp niin 70/m/a/^ay" (Dd Thi Hanh, 1999, tr.l 0). Mat khac, ttong bdi canh toan ciu hda Men nay, cac qudc gia phu thudc Ian nhau ttong giai quygt nhihig van dg toan ciu, Australia lai cd vj tti dia ly gan vdl Ddng Nam A ndi chung va Viet Nam ndi neng, khu vyc Chau A - Thai Bmh Duong trd thanh ragt digm chung ve khdng gian dia ly cho quan he ngoai giao giGa Viet Nam va Austtalia cho nen ca hai bgn tich cue chia se nhiing Igi ich ttong phat trign d mpi linh vyc, dac biet la ITnh vyc giao due va dao tao. Trong qua trinh tang cudng kgt noi vdi Ddng Nara A, AusttaHa xem Viet Nam la can ndi giiip Austraha xich lai gin hon vdi ASEAN. Su gap gd trong lgi
Nghign cim An Dp va Chau A. S6 3 - 2020, tr.45-51 45
Ha Trieu Huy. Hgp tdc gido due - ddo tgo giira Viet Nam vaAustralia^^
ieh qudc gia giiia Viet Nara va Austtalia chinh la nen tang dg quan he giiia hai nudc dupc nang len tara "D6i tae toan dien" vao nara 2008, tao cdt mdc dg radi quan he nay phat trien raanh me va toan dien hon tten mpi ITnh vuc.
Tit nam 2008 den nay, quan he ngoai giao Viet Nara - Australia da gianh dupc nhigu thanh ttm quan trpng. Dat ttong bdi canh Viet Nam dang trong giai doan doi mdi can ban va loan dien nen giao due trong thdi ky hdi nhap sau rdng vao thi ttudng thg gidi thi nhiing thanh tuu hpp tac giao due Viet Nara - Australia ttd thanh mpt bude tign quan ttpng dg nang tim moi quan he ngoai giao giua Viet Nam va Australia va hira hen rad ra nhieu trien vong trong tuong lai.
1. Thanh tun hop tac giao due - dao tao giira Viet Nam va Australia (2008 - 2018) Trong giai doan 2008 - 2018 ve hpp tac giao due va dao tao, Viet Nam va Australia da dat dugc rat nhigu nhiing thanh tyu quan trpng, gdp phan that chat quan he ngoai giao ddi tac chign luge cua hai nudc. Australia cd nhigu lgi thg dg ket ndi hpp tac giao due vdi Viet Nam nhu khoang each dia ly khong qua xa, cd mdi tmdng tieng Anh thuan Igi, chat lupng dao tao tdt, co sd vat chat hien dai, dpi ngii giao vign uy tin va chi phi re hem so vdi mdt so nudc khac... "nhieng nhdn td ndy dd giiip Australia tra thdnh mpt trong nhimg dia ehi du hoc hdp ddn ddi v&i hgc sinh vd sinh viin Viet Nam"
(Nghiera Thanh Thiiy, 2008). Trong khi do, Viet Nara dang md ciia hdi nhap vdi qudc tg, ttong do Viet Nam dac biet quan tam dgn phat trien giao due va hgp tac giao due giii'a Viet Nara va Australia da hinh thanh dua tten ngn tang Igi ich qudc gia ciia hai nudc. Nhiing thanh tyu da dat dugc trong hgp tac giao due - dao tao giiia Viet Nara va Australia cd y nghia chien luge ddi vdi Viet Nam, trong bdi canh Viet Nam dang tign hanh cudc ddi radi giao due - dao tao van cdn gap nhieu ttd ngai. Nhiing thanh tyu tigu bigu trong hgp tac giao dyc-dao tao giiia hai nudc da dat dupe mdt sd thanh tyu nhu sau:
Mdt la, trong 40 nam hgp tac, hai nudc da ttd thanh nhiing ddi tac cd quan he chat che, nhiing thach thuc ttong viec cung cap chat lugng giao due trong bdi canh mdi ciing dugc chia se, Sd lugng du hpc sinh, bao gdm ca hpc sinh, sinh vign va nghign ciiu sinh d Australia khdng ngimg tang Ign theo cac nam. Neu nhu nam 2008, sd lupng du hpc sinh chi dat khoang 15.886 thi con sd nay tang len theo hang nam, radi nara cd khoang ban rapt ngan du hpc sinh theo hgc d Austtalia, con sd nay den nam 2018 da dat 29.989 duhpc sinh (Ministry of Education and Trainmg, Australia, 2018). Dieudd chiing td rang, Australia dang md ciia thu hiit nhung hpc sinh, sinh vign, nghien ciiu sinh dgn day dg hpc tap, trao ddi van hda va nghign ciiu. Cong ddng du hpc sinh ngudi Viet vdi ban chat thdng minh, nhanh nhen, rat dg hoa nhap vdi cdng dong Australia, gdp phan Iam da dang ban sac van hda ciia quoc gia nay.
Ciing theo thdng kg cua Bd Di tni Austtalia cho biet, Australia da thu hut hon 550.000 sinh vien qudc tg dgn tir 190 qudc gia tten thg gidi. Theo sd Heu thdng kg cua Bd Giao due va Dao tao Austtalia, tinh din het nam 2018, sd lugng hpc sinh, sinh vign Viet Nam dang theo hpc d Austtalia la 28.953 hpc sinh, sinh vien, dirng thir 3 ttong bang xgp hang cac nudc cd sd luong hpc sinh, sinh vign quoc te du hpc d Australia. Cl cac cip bac hpc, sd lugng hpc sinh Viet Nam theo hpc phd thdng d cac tmdng ph6 thdng tai Australia ciing khdng ngimg tang Ign. Dac biet, kg hi nam 2015, khi Viet Nam va Austtalia that chat hon nua quan he ddi tac chign luge, sd lugng hgc sinh Viet Nara theo hpc d Austraha tang Ign dang kg. Tii 1821 hpc smh vao nam 2015 da tang Ien 3530 hpc sinh trong nam 2018, tang gin gip
Nghign Cliu An Dp va Chau A S6 3 - 2020, tt.45-51 46
Ha Trieu Huy. Hgp tdc gido due - ddo tao giiea Viet Nam vd Australia . ddi ttong khoang 3 nam (2015 - 2018) (Ministry of Education and Trainmg, Austtalia, 2018) Digu nay phan anh rang, phu huynh Viet Nam dang ngay cang quan tam hon dgn giao due Austtalia va lua chpn mdi tmdng giao dye nay cho con em minh.
Cung theo so lieu thdng ke ciia Bg Giao due va Dao tao Australia, rigng doi vdi giao due dai hpc, tinh den hit nara 2018 Viet Nara thudc Top 10 qudc gia din dau vg du hpc sinh tai Austtalia, diing thir 4 trong danh sach vdi 22.234 sinh vien du hpc. Day la mgt con sd rit in tupng chiing td ngn giao due quoc gia nay ngay cang phat trien v^ xu hudng cac bac phu huynh va hpc sinh Viet Nam quan tam din du hgc Austtalia ngay cang nhieu.
Sd lupng hpc sinh, sinh vign Viet Nam theo hpc chuang trinh dao tao nghe cua Australia tuy con nhigu bign dpng nhimg cung cd xu hudng tang Ign ttong giai doan 10 nam (2008 - 2018). Nam 2008, sd lugng hoc sinh, sinh vien Viet Nara hpc VET d Australia la 2317 ngudi, dgn nam 2018 da dat 5918 ngudi (Ministry of Education and Training, Australia, 2018). Digu nay phan anh sy quan tam ciia hpc sinh, sinh vign Viet Nam vdi chuang trinh dao tao nghe cua Austtalia.
Hai la, ke tir khi thigt lap quan he ngoai giao, Australia hd ttg dao tao dai ban va ngan ban cho 4500 sinh vign Viet Nara thdng qua Chucmg trinh hpc bdng "Australia Awards", dua Viet Nara trd thanh nudc thii ba ttgn thg gidi (len den 350 suat mdi nam) trong sd cac qudc gia nhan hpc bdng tir chuang ttinh nay. Hau hgt cac hpc bdng ma sinh vien Viet Nam nhan duoc la hgc bdng sau dai hpc, hudng dgn cung cap cho hpc vien ky nang va kign thilc dg dinh hudng nhiing thay ddi va tao anh hudng tich cue len viec pbat trien kinh te - xa hdi ttong nhiing ITnh vuc uu tien Hai ITnh vuc dupc Viet Nam va Australia quan tara va dua vao chien luge thiic diy hpp tac giao due, do la phat tnen cac chuong ttinh day nghg va tai ttg cac hpc bdng. Bgn canh do, cac hgc bdng cua Chinh phii ciing giiip ich rat nhigu cho phia Viet Nam, tmng binh mdi nam, Austtalia cip cho Viet Nara khoang 225 hpc bong, chiera hon 1/3 tdng sd tign vien ttg khdng hoan lai ma Chinh phil Australia danh cho Viet Nara.
Cac chucmg triiih hen kgt dao tao d bac dai hpc vdi cac tmdng ciia Austtalia ciing giup sinh vign Viet Nam tigp thu nhung thanh qua giao due tign tign ciia Austtalia.
Ba la, ttgn ITnh vuc giao due nghg nghiep, hpp tac giiia Viet Nam va Australia da dupc trign khai CO hieu qua tdt. Australia da chuyin giao miln phi cho Viet Nam 12 bd giao trinh dao tao nghg va dang dupc giang day thi digm tai 25 tmdng nghg co chit lugng cao tai Viet Nam. Da cd hon 300 giao vign day nghg dupe di hpc tap, bdi dudng nghiep vu tai AusttaHa. Dieu dd cho tliay tiem nang dg md rpng hgp tac giua hai nudc ttong ITnh vuc giao due nghe nghiep cdn Idn. Ddng thai, hai bd da thdng nhit hop tac giao due giiia hai nudc trong thdi gian tdi cin dugc thilc day song song d ca hai cap: Giiia CO quan quan ly nha nudc va giiia cac co sd dao tao nghg. Trong giai doan nay, Viet Nam la mot thi tmdng Idn va rit quan trpng d6i vdi Austtalia. S6 sinh vien Viet Nam dang theo hpc tai Austtalia xip thir 5 ttong tdng sd sinh vign qudc ti d nudc nay. Mpt sd ca sd day nghg ciia Viet Nam nhu Tmdng Dai hpc Cdng nghiep Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, Tmdng Dai hpc Cong nghiep Ha Ndi, Tmdng Cao ding Ddng A tai Da Ning da cd cac chuong trinh phdi hpp vdi cac co sd day nghg ciia Australia dg dao tao nghg cho sinh vien Viet Nam. (Mmistty of Labour - hivalids and Social Affairs, Austtalia, 2013)
Nhung thanh ttm dang ghi nhan ttong hpp tac giao due - dao tao giiia Viet Nam va AusttaHa da thiic day cdng cudc Ddi mdi giao due d Viet Nam tign thgm mdt bude, thit chat mdi quan he ddi tac
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. Sd 3 - 2020, tt.45-51 47
Ha Trieu Huy. Hap tdc gido due - ddo tgo giira Viet Nam vd^Austr^j^
chign lupc giiia Viet Nam va Austtalia. Mac dii cdng cupc Ddi mdi giao due d Viet Nara theo dmh hudng rad hinh giao due ciia Austraha cdn chara, nhung vdi nhiing thanh tuu da dat dupc ttong 10 nam qua giiia Viet Nam va Australia, hila hen mpt sit thay ddi, ragt ludng gid mdi cho he thdng giao due Viet Nam.
2. Trien vong hop tac giao due -dao tao gi&a Vift Nam va Australia
Tir nhiing muc tigu ciia Viet Nam, viec day raanh quan he hpp tac giao due - dao tao giUa Viet Nam - Australia la hit siic quan ttpng va cin thiet. Viet Nam cd the khai thac thi manli ciia Australia trgn ITnh vuc giao due, khi nudc nay dugc coi la mdt trong nhiing qudc gia cd ngn giao due tign bp nhat tren thg gidi hien nay. Dac biet, tit thang 3 nam 2018, quan he ngoai giao Viet Nara - Austtalia da dupc nang len tam ddi tac chign luge thi hgp tac giao dye va dao tao giira hai nudc ciing trd thanh mpt ITnh vyc miii nhpn de phat trign quan he song phucmg Tii' nhung thanh tuu ttong hgp tac giao due va dao tao Viet Nam - Austtalia, chiing ta cd the nhan dien rapt sd trign vpng trong hgp tac giao due - dao tao giira Viet Nara va Australia ttong giai doan tdi nhu sau.
Mdt la, Viet Nam va Australia cd digu kien chuygn giao khoa hpc cdng nghe va hgp tac dao tao ngudn nhan luc giiia hai nudc thdng qua kgnh hpp tac giao due va dao tao. Thuc tg cho thay, Australia la mdt qudc gia rgng Idn nhung cd phan bo dan cu thua thdt. Mdt vin dg dat ra vdi Austtalia do la dat nudc nay mudn phat trien kinh te thi can bat bupc phai di ra ngoai tim thi tmdng lao dgng va thi trudng tigu thu san phim. Trong khi dd, Viet Nam la ragt qudc gia ddng dan, lai dang tien hanh cong cudc Ddi mdi, hgi nhap ngay cang sau rdng trong quan he qudc te, day la mpt lpi thg rat Idn cho giao due Viet Nam cd thg nhan duoc sir trg giup tir Austtalia - mpt qudc gia cd nen giao due dimg thir ba thg gidi. Hien nay, trudc thanh qua cua cdng cudc Ddi mdi, nen giao due Viet Nam dang cd nhigu trien vpng tiem tign vdi ngn giao dye tien tien ciia phuong Tay. Thdng qua hpp tac tren ITnh vyc nay, ngudn nhan lyc Viet Nam (dupc dao tao tai Viet Nara va Australia) cd thg tang cudng trinh dp chuyen mdn, ky thuat va cd co hdi phat trien cac ky nang hdi nhap. Vdi tti tue thdng nunh va ban chat can cii, ham hpc hdi, lao dpng sang tao ciia ngudi Viet Nam, hpp tac giao due - dao tao Viet Nam - Australia md ra nhigu co hdl mdi dg cai thien chat lupng ngudn nhan luc Viet Nam trong tuong lai. Nhieu ngudi Viet Nam qua tigp thu nen giao due va dao tao cua Australia, dang giii trpng ttach lanh dao tai cac ca quan nha nudc, tmdng dai hpc hay Iam viec tai cac td chiic phat trien cdng ddng va ddng gdp tich cyc cho cac muc tigu phat trien cua Viet Nam. Tren co sd sir trp giup cua AusttaHa, he thdng giao due Viet Nam cd co hpi dugc tiep thu vdi nen giao due tign tign, hien dai vdi nhiing md hinh giao due mdi, dap img dao tao con ngudi ttong ky nguygn cdng nghe 4.0, giiip tang cudng tinh canh tranh cua nguon nhan lyc, nang cao nang luc nghign ciiu khoa hpc va giang day, cac tmdng dai hpc can the hien vai tro tign phong ciia minh ttong viec thuc hien six menh ddi mdi sang tao va khdi nghiep sang tao.
Hai la, tmde sy ung hd cua Chinh phii AusttaHa va sy ua chudng ciia hpc sinh, sinh vien Viet Nam vdi nen giao dye tien tiin cua Australia, trong thdi gian tdi, Australia se ttd thanh mpt dia chi dao tao tin cay ciia hpc sinh, sinh vign Viet Nam. Chinh phii Austtalia ludn khuygn khich du hpc sinh bing cac nguon hpc bdng tai ttp tir Chinh phii. Bgn canh do, cac tmdng dai hpc cua Australia ciing tigp ttic cip hoc bdng cho sinh vign Viet Nam. Vg phia Viet Nam, Chinh phu va cac ttudng Dai hoc cung rit tich cue diu ttr cho smh vign Viet Nam theo hpc cac chuong ttinh tien tien, khda dao tao ngin ban va
Nghien cuu An Dp va Chau A. S6 3 - 2020, tt.45-51 48
Ha Trieu Huy. Hap tdc gido due - ddo tgo giiea Viet Nam vd Australia...
dai han tai Austtalia. Nhieu bac phu huynh cung chii ddng diu tu cho con em minh du hpc tai AusttaHa khdng chi tim co hgi hpc bdng thdng qua chuong ttinh Hpc bdng Chinh phii Australia ma cdn qua nhigu ngudn hd ttg tai chinh khac. Dae biet cdn cd rit nhigu sinh vign du hpc ty tiic tai Austtalia. Austtalia dang diu tti vao sinh vign Viet Nara de giiip du hpc sinh Viet Nam cd them nhirng ky nang chuyen mon, ky nang lanh dao, ttd ve Viet Nara vdi hanh trang la nhiing kiin tbiic, ky nang hpc tai Austtalia va sir dyng chiing de ddng gdp cho sy phat triin kinh ti - xa hdi bin vitng ciia Viet Nam. Ngudn hpc bdng Chinh phii Austtalia chinh la bieu hien ro net nhit ciia sy img hd Ui Australia, thg hien thien tti cua nudc ban ttong ddng gdp cho sy hoan thien va phat trign ciia giao due Viet Nam.
3. Nhihig dinh huong eho Viet Nam trong hop tac giao due - dao tao giira Viet Nam va Australia
Trong tuong lai, thdng qua rad hinh cua Australia, Viet Nara cd thi tiip tuc xay dung nhiing mo hinh giao dye mdi, tign tign, hien dai, nhat la day manh md hinh giao due dai hpc va giao due nghi nghigp va tiep ttic hoan thien chuang trinh hpc theo md hinh mdi d cip tiiu hpc, ttung hpc trong he thdng giao due Viet Nam hien nay.
- Ddi vdi giao due tigu hpc va tmng hpc, Viet Nara cd the hpc tap rad hinh giao due mdi ciia Austtalia vdi phuong cham cua nen giao due Australia la vui ma hpe, hpc ma vui, tap tmng dao tao ky nang mem cho hpc sinh, giiip cac era c6 the hda nhap cimg trudng, Idp, ban be va xa hpi, ty tin diing ttudc dam ddng. Viet Nam cd the cai tiin giao due tieu hpc vdi su ttg giup cua Austtalia, vdi mpt khung chuong trinh cho hgc sinh hpc each ren luyen cac ky nang can thiet cho cdng viec. Ddi vdi hpc sinh Tmng hpc, giao due Viet Nam ngn thay ddi each danh gia nang lire Viet Nam cd the hpc hoi triet Iy xay dyng mdi quan he giiia giao due gia dinh va giao due nha tmdng. Nha tmdng, giao vign ludn khuyen khich phu huynh trao ddi va ddng gdp y kign ve cac van de lien quan dgn tte. Ddng thdi, trong tuong lai, chuong ttinh Aus4Skills tigp tuc dupc trien khai, thg hien vai trd ciia Austtalia cho viec phat trign giao due d viing sau, vimg xa ciia Viet Nam, tao ra mdt sy cdng bang vg giao due pho cap, bo qua nhiing trd ngai ciia dia ly. Ddng thdi thiic day binh dang gidi, binh dang giao due ddi vdi hpc sinh, sinh vign, nghign ciiu sinh d Viet Nam.
- Ddi vdi giao due dai hpc va sau dai hpc, vdi su tai trp ciia Australia, trong thdi gian tdi, Viet Nam se tiip tuc khuygn khich hpc sinh, sinh vign va nghien ciiu sinh qua Australia hpc tap va thuc tap.
Viet Nam se xay dung nhiing chinh sach uu dai danh cho nhiing hpc sinh, sinh vign dg hp ttd vg nudc cdng hien cho su phat ttien kinh tg cua qudc gia - dan tdc. Australia tiep tuc cung cap hpc bong, dac biet la Hpc bdng Chinh phii cho nhiing sinh vien, nghien ciiu sinh cd nang lire, pham chat dong gdp cho su phat trign ciia qug hucmg, trd thanh mdt ngudn dpng lyc Idn lao cho sinh vign Viet Nam, Ddng thdi, ttong tuong lai, Viet Nam cung sin sang md cac chuong trinh dao tao lien kit, hay ndl each khac, do la hinh thiic "du hpc tai chd", hoac nhung chuong trinh chuyen tigp, tao dieu kien cho sinh vign dupc tigp can vdi rad hinh giao due tign tien ciia Austtalia. Ddi vdi cac tmdng dai hpc d Viet Nam can ddn dau tu duy giao dye mdi ciia Austtalia: hgc tap sudt ddi nhu la rapt phan cua sii menh cua minh.
Dg giiip cac co sd giao due dai hpc phat huy kha nang chu ddng, sang tao, nang cao hieu qua boat ddng, tang cudng canh tranh va da dang hda cac loai hinh giao due dao tao, dap iing ygu cau vg ngudn
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. S6 3 - 2020, tr.45-5] 49
. Ha Tneu Huy. Hap tdc gido due - ddo tgo giiea Viet Nam vd Austroha^^
nhan lyc ciia dit nudc, Bd Giao due va Dao tao da khan ttuang xay dyng Du thao Luat Siia ddi, bd sung mdt sd digu cua Luat Giao due dai hpc ttinh Qudc hpi phg duyet va tiep tuc hoan thien he thdng van ban quy pham phap luat hudng din thi hanh Luat Giao due dai hpc sau khi dugc sira dii. Bd ciing da trinh Chinh phu Nghi dinh ve tu chii dai hpc thay thg cho Nghi quyit sd 77/NQ-CP, chinli thiic hda ty chii dai hpc la con dudng tat yeu cila giao due dai hpc Viet Nam. (Luat sd 08/2012/QH13 cua Qudc hpi: Luat Giao due Dai hpc, 2013).
- Ddi vdi giao due nghi nghiep, Viet Nam can phai hpc hdi md hinh giao due nghi nghiep cua Australia thong qua viec hd trp nhiing ky nang can thiet cho sinh vign ra tmdng, giup hgc vign thuc tap nhieu tai cac doanh nghiep, dg hg hinh dung ra cdng viec sau khi tdt nghiep, moi trudng lara viec, va cac ky nang Iam viec can thigt se nhu the nao, biit kit ndi giiia co sd dao tao nghe vdi doanh nghigp thi tmdng lao dpng ludn cd nhieu thay ddi. Viet Nam cin xay dung song song md hinh dao tao can ban van hda vdi dao tao nghg, cac hpc vign hpc nghg cin phai cd nhiing ky nang co ban vg ngQ van va toan hpc, bdi day la nhiing kign thilc co ban can cho viec dao tao tiip theo. Trong thai gian tdi, Australia se ngay cang nhigu sy hpp tac dao tao nghe nhu vay dugc thyc hien vdi viec giri sang Viet Nam nhiing chuygn gia dao tao nghg, cd he thdng tmdng nghi giang day cac chuang trinh dao tao va ttang bi cac ky nang ciia hau hgt cac nganh, tir ndng nghiep den ngu nghiep, ed nhigu nam kinh nghiem trong ITnh vuc phat trign dao tao day nghe.
- Hpc tap md hinh giao due phd cap tu cac ttudng Phd thdng d Australia. Phd cap giao due (compulsory education) la nhiing nam hpc bat bupc hpc sinh phai dgn trudng dg hpc nhirng kign thiic can ban can thiet va cd anh hudng ISu dai ttong cudc ddi ciia con ngudi. Giao due ttong giai doan pho cap cd myc tigu nudi dudng va phat trign "diie", "tti", "the", "my" trong mdi diia tre de giiip chiing hudng dgn cai chan, cai thien, cai my trong sudt cupc ddi ciia chiing. Muon hudng den ragt nhan each
"chan, thien, ray", giao due phai lay hpc sinh Iam tmng tam. Giao vign la ngudi hudng dan va giup do.
Hoat ddng giao due dg cao de sang tao, chap nhan su khac biet, tdn trpng cac gia tri phd quat, khuygn khich doi thoai, phat trign nang luc kgt ndi.
- Vdi su img hp cua Australia, dg hpi nhap sau rdng vdi thg gidi, Viet Nam can nang cao ttinh dp ngoai ngii va tin hpc ddi vdi hpc sinh, sinh vien. Mdi day, Bd Giao due va Dao tao da trinh Thu tudng Chinh phu ban hanh Quygt dinli phg duyet digu chinh, bd sung Dg an day va hpc ngoai ngQ' giai doan 2017 - 2025. Theo dd, chu tmong "tao bude dot pha vg chat lupng day va hpc ngoai ngii cho cac cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao, khuygn khich dua ngoai ngii vao nha tmdng tir bac mam non va cac boat dpng xa hdi. Day manh day ngoai ngii tich hgp ttong cac mdn hpc khac va day cac mdn hoc khac (nhu toan va cac mon khoa hpc, mdn chuyen nganh...) bang ngoai ngii. Day raanh iing dung cdng nghe tign tien trong day va hpc ngoai ngii vdi he thing hgc lieu dien tti phii hpp rapi ddi tupng dg ngudi hpc co thi hgc ngoai ngii, tigp can tieng ban ngii mgi Iiic, rapi noi." ("Quyet dinh phe duyet dieu chinh, bd sung dg an day va hoc ngoai ngii trong he thdng giao due quic dan giai doan 2017 - 2025 cua Thii tudng Chinh phil", 2017).
Bgn canh do, chuong trinh giao due ciia nudc ta can hpc hdi iing dung cdng nghg ciia Australia trong giao due, cin bao dam cho ngudi hpc dupc ttang bi nhiing higu bigt vg ky tiiuat sd va cdng nghe d tit ca cac cip bac hoc de dg dang tiip can nhiing tiin bd vi khoa hpc va cdng nghe. Trong ehuong
Nghien ciiu An Do va Chau A. So 3 - 2020, tr.45-51 50
Ha Trieu Huy. Hap tdc gido due - ddo tgo giua Viet Nam vd Australia...
trinh giao due phd thdng mdi, mon ngoai ngii va mdn tin hpc da ttd thanh cac mdn hpc bit bupc ngay tir diu cap tigu hgc. Viec tang cudng iing dung cdng nghe thong tin trong quan Iy giao due cung cin dupc dac biet chu ttpng.
Ket luan
Hop tac giao due - dao tao giiia hai nudc giai doan 2008 - 2018 la giai doan tiep ndi nhiing thanh tyu ttong hgp tac giao due trong giai doan lich sir tmde dd. Nhung cd thi thiy ring, giai doan 2008 - 2018 la mdt giai doan ma nhiing thanh tyu giao due - dao tao giUa Viet Nam va Australia dugc day manh hon ca khi quan he ngoai giao giiia hai nudc dupc nang len tim ddi tac chiin luge toan dien. Su hpi tu ttong nhu cau va lpi ich cua Viet Nam va Australia cang Idn thi tinh dn dinh ttong quan he hpp tac giiia hai nudc cang thg hien ro. Trong 10 nam hgp tac ttong giao due - dao tao (2008 - 2018), Viet Nam va Austtalia da dat dupe rat nhigu thanh tim quan ttpng trong giao dye va dao tao. Hpp tac giao due - dao tao giiia hai nudc va nhumg kgt qua da dat dupc, trd thanh mdt mdi quan he hgp tac dign hinh giiia hai qudc gia gap gd nhau d lgi ich phat trign, dg lai nhigu bai hpc kinh nghiem quy gia cho Viet Nam ttong qua trinh ddi mdi giao due hien dai, thiic day Igi Icb qudc gia va khang dinh dudng ldi diing dan cua Viet Nam ttong hdi nhap qudc tg ndi chung va hpp tac qudc te ttong giao due va dao tao noi rieng, gdp phan that chat hon nUa quan he ngoai giao doi tac chien lupc toan dien giiia Viet Nam va Austraha, khang dinh vai trd ciia Austtalia trong viec vun dap mdi quan he tdt dep vdi Viet Nam, ttong chinh sach hudng A ciia Australia hien nay.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Do Thi Hanh (1999), Quan he cua Australia vai Ddng Nam A tie sau chien tranh thi giai lan thie hai, Nxb. Giao due. Ha Npi.
2. Luat sd 08/2012/QH13 cua Quic hdi: Luat Giao due Dai hpc, xem tai http //vanban.chmhphu.vn/, ngay tmy cap 6/5/2019.
3. Mmistry of Education and Trainmg (2018), available at, https://mtemationaleducation.gov.au/
research/Interaational-Smdent Data/Pages/IntemationalStudentDafa2018.aspx, (accessed 6, May 2019).
4. Mmistry of Labour - hivalids and Social Affaus (2013), "Viemam - Austraha to strengthen cooperation in the field of vocational ttaining", available at
littps://www.molisa.gov.vn/en/Pages/DetaiInews.aspx?IDNews=1440/, (accessed 6, May 2019) 5. Nghigm Thanh Thuy (2018), "Bon muoi lam nam quan he Viet Nam - 0-xttay-lia: Hudng tdi quan he doi tac chien lupc", Tgp chi Cdng sdn, Sd 904.
6. Quyet dinh phe duyet digu chinh, bo sung di an day va hpc ngoai ngii ttong he thong giao due quic dan giai doan 2017-2025 cua Thu ttrong Chinh phu" (2017), xem tai https://thuvienphapluat.vn/, ngay tmy cap 6/5/2019.
Nghign cuu An Dp va Chau A. Sd 3 - 2020, tt.45-51
