KM- i H Q C - C 0 N G N G H 6
Tap Chi GTVT 6/2011 I
GIAI PHAP K H A C P H U C TON TAI TRONG SAN XUAT VA SUf DUNG CAP PHOI "DA 0x4" fli KHU VUC PHIA NAM HIEN NAY
TS. NGUYEN VAN HUNG , ThS. NGUYEN VAN DU Trudng Dai hgc Giao thdng van tai
Tom t i t : Bai bao trinh bay cac giai phap ve quan ly, giai phap ky thuat nham nang cao hieu qua kinh te - ky thuat khi sd dung cap phd'i da 0x4 cm (ten thuong mai cua cap phdi da dam hien dang dugc san xuat va sddung d khu vue phia Nam) lam mong difdng d td.
Abstract: The paper present management and technical solutions to improve economic -technical effect when using grade aggregate 0x4cm (business name of aggregate currently procedure and used in Southern of Vietnam) for road foundation.
1. Dat van de:
6 khu vUe phfa Nam, cap phd'i da dam (CPDD) lam mdng dudng da dupc sCf dung hon nam thap nien.
Hau he't cac dU an da va dang trien khai deu sCf dung Idp mdng tren hoae mdng dudi la CPDD, dien hinh nhU: QL51, dUdng eao tde TP. Hd Chf Minh - Trung LUdng, nang cap md rdng Xa Id Ha Ndi, nang cap md rong tuyen dudng Tinh Id 25B, dai Id Nguydn Van Linh (TP. HCM), nang cap md rdng DT741 (Binh DUPng), ...Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh san xua't, thie't ke, thi cdng va nghiem thu Idp mdng CPDD da xua't hien mdt sd ton tai can dupe khae phue [1, 2]. Trong bai bao nay trinh bay mdt sd tdn tai trong edng nghe san xua't va cdng tac quan ly chat lupng cap phdi da 0x4. Tren cO sd cac ket qua thf nghiem va tieu ehuan cua nudc ngoai, de xua't cae giai phap ve quan ly, giai phap ky thuat nham khae phue mdt sd tdn tai neu tren va nang cao hieu qu§ kinh te ky thuat khi sCf dung da 0x4, CPDD lam mdng dudng d td d khu vUe phia Nam.
2. Cong nghe s^n xuat CPDD d cac tinh phfa Nam hien nay [3]
Da d khu vUe phia Nam ehu ye'u phan bd d cac tinh: Ddng Nai, Binh Duong, Binh Phudc, Ba Rja - Vung Tau va TP. Hd Chf Minh. Dac diem cua cac md da d day la via da thudng d sau dudi Idng da't, nen mudn khai thac da phai dao bde bd Idp da't phu tCf 3- 15m [3]. Mat khae, do anh hudng kien tao eua cac Idp da xen lan da phong hoa, dat, d i n den chat lupng da nguyen lieu cho qua trinh nghien khdng ddng nha't, iSn nhieu tap chat. So dd edng nghe khai thac da d khu VUc nay thudng theo sO dd khai thac md khdng Id thien gdm cae bude sau: dao bde bd tang dat phu bang may dao, sau dd dung xe d td van chuyen dat ra khdi md; khoan nd min de pha da ngam thanh da hoc;
dung may xuc dUa da hoc len xe van ehuyen rdi chuyen den he thdng may nghien sang; nghien, sang phan loai da theo eae nhdm kich cd hat.
Cac tram nghien sang da d khu vuc thudng qua 2 hoae 3 cdng doan cu the:
- Cdng doan 1: nghien thd (nghien sP cap) dung may nghien ma;
- Cong daan 2: nghien nhd (nghien thU cap) dung
may nghien cdn;
- Cdng daan 3: nghien tinh dung may nghien edn.
Qua khao sat, hien nay tai cac md da d khu vUc phfa Nam chu ye'u sCf dung 2 day chuyen edng nghe sau:
Dang thU 1: Hai may nghien ma (sO cap) bd trf each nhau bdi he thdng sang va mdt may nghien cdn (thU cap)
5 van chuydn dS 10. MSy nghidn cOn 2. BiSu chira dd 11. S^ng rang 3 t ^ g 2x7,5m 3. Bang tSm !2. Di phan loai phuc vu xSy dung 5.7,9. 13.14. Bang tai 15. Di c^p phtfi 0 - 4 4,8. Miy nghidn mi
6. S^grang2 tSng l,5x3,5m
Hinh 1. Sc dd edng nghe san xuat CPDD d^ng 1 Uu diem: Nang sua't eao > 100T/h, chat lUOng s&n pham eao hon so dd dang thU hai. Hien nay, sd dd nay dang dupe sii dung phd bien.
Nhuge diem: Sd thiet bj nghien, sang nhieu, chi phi dau tu Idn.
D^ng thU 2: Mdt may nghien ma (sP cap) va hai may nghien cdn (thU cap)
1. 6tO van chuyin d i 2. Pheuchiiadi 3. Bang tflm 5 , 7 , 1 0 . 1 3 . Bang tii 4. May nghidn m i 8,9. May nghiin c6n
6. sang mng 2 tang 1,5x3,5m 11. sang rung 3 ting 2x7,5m 12. Da phan loai phuc vu xay dung 1 4 . D a c S p p h S i O - 4
Hinh 2. So dd edng nghe san xuat CPDD dang 2 Uu diem: Nang sua't cao > 150T/h, chat lUOng san pham eao nha't. Xu hudng se thay the dan cac so dd cdng nghe nghien sang tren.
NhUde diem: Sd thiet bj nghien, sang nhieu hPn dang thU nha't, chi phi dau tu Idn hdn.
San pham eua sd dd nay ehu yeu dung eung cap cdt lieu che tao BTXM, be tdng nhua. Sd dd nay ed d cac md: Hoa An (Binh DUPng), 30 thang 4 (Ddng Nai).
TU eae day ehuyen edng nghe khai thae va san xuat da t^i cac md neu tren, eho thay viec san xuat da d khu vuc phfa Nam hien nay chu yeu la eung cap vat lieu da xay dung (4x6, 2x4, 1x2, 0x1 cm), thudng san pham dupe san xuat vdi ty le nhu sau:
-I- Cap phdi da 0x4: 20-22%;
KHOA H O C - C O N G NGHE
+ Da dam (4x6, 2x4, 1x2, 0x1): 54-56%;
-h Da mi 0x0,5, 0,5x1: 20-25%.
Nha san xuat (NSX) ehi chu trpng quan tam den da xay dung vl mang lai hieu qua kinh doanh cao. San pham cap phdi da 0x4 thdng thudng chi dupe gia cdng qua may nghien ma va sang rung 2 tang vdi kich cd 1,5mx3,5m vdi mat sang dupc dieu ehinh rdng tdi da 45mm. Khi nhu eau SLf dung cap phdi da can nhieu thi viee san xuat cap phdi da 0x4 s§ dUde san xua't bd sung cung vdi da xay dung d cac day ehuyen eudi cung, da dupe nghien tiep qua may nghien thU cap va sang rung 3 tang vdi kich thude 2mx7,5m vdi mat sang dupc dieu chinh rdng 42mm (hinh 1, 2). Chat lupng eua da dupe san xuat ra thudng cd dae diem sau:
-I- Do dae diem cija cae md da thudng d ngam sau dudi dat, sau khi bde bd tang phu tang da edn lan dat, da phong hoa..., nhung trong day chuyen san xuat deu khdng cd edng doan sang tuyen lam saeh da (loai bd da't, da phong hoa, ed cay dat, cat...). Chfnh vl vay, nguyen lieu cua qua trinh nghien khdng saeh, dan den san pham nghien thudng l i n tap chat hOu cd, nhat la nhdm san pham da 0x4, 0x5 em;
-I- San pham "0x4" hoae "0x5" thuc chat la san pham thai eua qua trinh nghien, ed^ nhieu tap chat va thanh phan hat khdng ddng deu. O tat ea eae md da khao sat, deu khong ed tram tron cap phdi va khdng cd NSX da nao thdc hien cong daan trdn cap phdi {phd'i trdn cac hat ed kich ed khae nhau theo ty le % khdi Iddng qui dinh, tuy thuoc vao CPDD loai I hay loai II theo qui dinh cija tieu ehuan 22 TCN 334-06).
-I- Day ehuyen edng nghe san xua't CPDD dung cho thi edng mdng dudng thudng la day ehuyen ngan chi cd may nghien ma, khdng ed may nghien cdn. Cap phdi da 0x4 dupe san xuat cung da xay dUng, da qua nghien thU cap (nghien cdn) thi chat lupng da td't hdn, it hat det, it tap chat hdn cap phdi 0x4 chi qua nghien so cap, nhUng ham lUOng hat mjn trong cap phdi tha'p (loai cap phdi nay thudng chi dupc san xuat khi ed sU kiem soat chat ehe cija chu dau tu va dat hang eua nha thau thi cdng nhung gia thanh phai cao hdn so vdi loai cap phdi 0x4 ehi dupe nghien qua nghien sO cap).
De tang ham Iddng hat min, khi ban sin pham eae ddn vi san xuat se bd sung bang each dung may xue lat de do them da mi vao cap phdi da 0x4 vao thung xe ben vdi ty le 2 gau da 0x4 thi them 1 gau da mi [3].
3. Danh gia cac chi tieu ky thuat yeu cau cua cap phoi da 0-4 so vdi tieu chuan nganh 22 TCN 334-06 va tieu chuan cua CHLB Nga, CH Phap:
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Hinh 3. Thanh phan hat cua cac mau da 0-4 so vdl tieu chuan eua Viet Nam va nUde ngoai
Qua phan tich cac ket qua thf nghiem (1476 thi nghiem) cho thay ehat lupng cap phdi da 0x4 dang dUPc san xua't va sCf dung d khu vUc phfa Nam nhU sau [2] (hinh 3):
Hau het dudng eong cap phdi (ehi cd gan 42% sd m i u thf nghiem ed thanh phan hat nam trong mien tieu chuan) ehi nam gan trong mien cap phdi chuan CLia tieu ehuan 22 TCN 334-06 ddi vdi d^ax = 37,5mm, nhung hau het (77% sd mau thi nghiem) dudng cong cap phdi lai nam trong mien cap phdi tieu chuan ciJa Phap vdi cap hat 0-31,5, chi thieu mdt IUdng nhd ham lUdng hat mjn khoang 1,5-2,5%; gan 80% sd m i u thf nghiem cd thanh phan hat nam trong mien cap phdi tieu chuan eua CHLB Nga (C5 - d^ax = 40mm, C6 - dmax = 20mm), ehi thieu hoac thUa 2-8% ed hat 20mm- 40mm (hinh 3).
Dp hao mdn Los - Angeles eua edt lieu da 0-4 deu < 35%, dap Ung yeu eau lam Idp mdng tren va dudi theo tieu ehuan 22 TCN 334-06 va tieu ehuan eua cac nUde; da sd mau (82 % sd m i u thi nghiem) khdng dap Ung yeu cau cua tieu chuan 22 TCN 334- 06 la ham IUdng hat thoi det < 15%.
Nhu vay vdi vat lieu CPDD dang dUOc san xua't va sCf dung hien nay ehi can bd sung lupng hat thie'u hoac loai bd lupng hat thUa thi dudng cong cap phdi dd dang nam trong mien quy djnh eua tieu chuan eua Phap, Nga.
Tri sd md dun dan hdi thuc te eua CPDD loai II dao ddng tU E^^ = 1790-2160 daN/cm^, cija CPDD loai I E^h = 1940-2420 daN/cm^ < 2500 daN/cm^ NhU vay tat ea cac diem do deu cho gia trj md dun dan hdi cija ea hai loai CPDD khdng dap Ung yeu cau 3000 > E^h
> 2500 daN/cm^ ddi vdi CPDD loai I [3].
4. De xua't giSi phap khae phuc mpt so ton tai trong Scin xuat, sii s u n g da 0x4 d khu vUc phfa Nam:
a) Gi^i phap ky thuat: ddi chieu vdi tieu chuan eua Phap, kinh ngliiem eua CHLB Nga va trUde mat de tan dung sCf dung cac loai cap phdi 0x4 dang dupc san xuat trong thdi gian cac dOn vj san xua't da ehUa dau tu thay ddi day chuyen edng nghe san xua't (nhu da de xuat d Mue 3), nhdm tac gia kien nghj:
Cho phep sd dyng cap phdi 0x4 dang dupe san xuat d TP.HCM va khu vUc phfa Nam lam Idp mdng dudi, mdng tren cija dUdng ed cap luu lupng T4 (tuong dUdng cap phdi loai A - hdn hpp cdt lieu tap, khdng ehpn Ipc dupc lay true tiep tU qua trinh nghien, sang edt lieu tai cO sd san xua't, khdng phai qua tram trdn vdi cap hat 0-31,5 theo each phan loai cua Phap) hoae lam Idp mdng dudi cho cae dudng cap lll-IV; mdng dudi, mdng tren cua dudng dd thj (dudng phd) theo phan loai eua tieu chuan 22 TCN 211 -06;
lam Idp day ao dudng cho eae cap dudng hoac le gia cd va giO nguyen edng nghe khai thae va day ehuyen san xua't cap phdi 0x4 nhu hien nay, khdng phai trdn cap phdi bang may trdn, ehi can dieu chinh khe hd ra da cua may nghien ma hoac SLf dung day chuyen nghien ma -i- nghien cdn de dieu chinh lai ham lupng hat mjn eho phu hpp. Ddng thdi phai dam bao yeu cau ve cudng dp chju nen eua da gde nhu sau [3]:
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE
Tap chl GTVT 6/2011 m
Cudng do chiu nen khi bao hda nude eua da nguyen khai khi sCf dung CPDD lam Idp mdng:
+ Vdi da phun suat: 80 MPa ddi vdi dudng cap l-ll, 60 MPa vdi dudng cap lll-V;
+ Vdi da tram tfeh, da bie'n chat: 60 MPa ddi vdi dudng cap l-ll, 40 MPa vdi dUdng cap III, 30 MPa ddi vdi dudng cap IV-V.
Do! vdl Idp m o n g co yeu cau chat lu'dng cao hdn, can eai tie'n day chuyen edng nghe san xua't CPDD hien nay theo hudng: sCf dung eae san pham cua day chuyen eudi (da qua nghien thU cap) nhU da 2x4, 1x2, 0,5x1 ...(hinh 1, 2) eho vao tram trdn de trdn (hinh 4). Theo tinh toan cua nhdm tac gia [3], vdi day chuyen cdng nghe san xuat CPDD hien nay d khu vUc phia Nam ed the sCf dung tram trdn ehe tao trong nUde cd cdng suat 90-100 T/h hoac 150 T/h (bang 1,2), vdi vdn dau tu khdng Idn, chi phf tinh them cho 1 m^
CPDD khi phai SLf dung tram trdn khdng eao (bang 2), do dd viee dau tU them tram trdn cap phdi la hoan toan kha thi va can thiet.
1. 0 to van chuydn dii 2- Phiu chiJa dS 3. Bang t ^ 5.7,10,13. Bang tAi 4. M3y nghidn mS 8,9. Mdy nghifin cfln
6. 1!. Sing rung
12. DS dam 2x4. 1 x2.0,5x 1. 0x0,5
i4.ca'pph(ridaox4
15. Mdy tr<>n 16. cap phtfi dd dam chudn
Hinh 4. So dd cdng ngh$ san xua't CPDD duge de xuat
B^ng 1
Phuong in 1 2
Trgm CPDD c6 nSng suat
150 T/h 90-100 T/h
Mdy boc xuc c6 dung ti'ch g a u
2,0-2,2 m ' 1,7 m^
BSng2
STT 1
2 3 4
5
Thong sd tinh toan Tdng v6n d i u tiJ (tr^m CPDD + may + mat bang) Nang suat thi,(c te co the Tfnh theo mVca Chi phf tfnh them C, Thu nhap them sau 1 ca (4=2x3)
Thdi gian hoan vdn Tv = (1):
(4)
- Theo nam ke hogch
Phi/Ong an 1A 2.311.896.0003 1.026 (T/ca)
= 513{m^/ca) 10.964(e/m^) 5.624.5323
411,04 (ca)
« 02 nam
Phi/ong an 1B 1.586.240.000d 615,6(T/ca)
= 308(m^/ca) 15.048 (a/m^) 4.634.784a
342,25 (ca)
= 02 nam
Ngoai ra, du qua trinh san xua't, thi edng dupe kiem soat chat che de dam bao chat lupng Idp CPDD, nhUng ket eau mat dudng ed Idp cap phdi da dam khdng gia cd (CPDDKGC) eung van ludn tich luy bien dang dU dudi tac dung lap cija tai trpng. Chinh vi vay tieu chuan eua Phap, Nga da quy dinh pham vi sCf dung Idp mdng CPDD: chf dung CPDDKGC lam Idp mdng hoae Idp mat cho dudng it xe nang (khdng cho phep dung CPDDKGC lam mdng dUdi vdi dUdng cd cap lUu lupng TO va Idp mdng tren vdi dUdng cap TO, T l , T2; khi dd phai dung Idp CPDD gia cd xi mang
hoac gia ed cac vat lieu khae nhu nhua bitum), khdng lam Idp mdng tren eho cae dudng cap eao ed nhieu xe tai nang, dUdng eao tdc.
b) G\k\ phap ve quan ly chat lu'dng nguon vat CPDD:
Doi vdi NSX: Hien nay viee quan ly chat lupng vat lieu CPDD tai Viet Nam ndi chung va tai khu vUc phi'a Nam nd rieng chUa dupe ehu trpng dung mUe nhU ddi vdi be tdng nhUa, BTXM...Qua khao sat tai nhieu ddn vi khai thae da, san xua't CPDD, chda cd ddn vj naa bd tri trang thie't bj thi nghiem tai nai san xua't va thdc hien viee thf nghiem cae ehi tieu ky thuat yeu cau cua CPDD de danh gia ehat Iddng eua vat lieu nay- vat lieu se dddc ban ra ngoai thj trddng de xay ddng mdng dddng d td, ke ea cho eae tuyen dddng cap eao. Chfnh vi vay viee kiem soat chat lupng ngudn vat lieu CPDD phai bat dau ngay tU day chuyen san xua't den khau van ehuyen den edng trinh. NSX can lap phdng thi nghiem va bd phan kiem soat chat lupng eua CPDD (tU vat lieu da nguyen khai de san xuat CPDD den san pham thanh pham CPDD) qua hai budc kiem tra: kiem tra thudng xuyen hang ngay va kiem tra - nghiem thu djnh ky, tuy thudc mue dfch sCf dung cac san pham.
Tat ca eae thdng tin ve chat lupng CPDD can phai dupe NSX lam thij tue dang ky vdi eo quan quan ly tU thiet bj, day chuyen edng nghe san xua't, ehat lUOng da gd'c, cae ehi tieu ky thuat ehu yeu eua thanh pham - CPDD.... Dieu nay se gdp phan dam bao an toan lao ddng tai cae md da, nang cao traeh nhiem eua NSX, rang bupe traeh nhiem va thUOng hieu eua NSX vdi san pham eua minh, tao dieu kien eho viec kiem soat chat IUdng vat lieu cua ngudi sCf dung va cd quan quan ly nha nude.
Doi v6i nha thau t U v a n thiet ke: Hien nay trong tieu chuan nganh 22 TCN 211-06 "Ao dUdng mem - cac yeu eau thiet ke" da ed qui djnh ve cdng tac lay m i u va thiet ke thanh phan hdn hpp CPDD tren eP sd vat lieu md da dU kien silf dung eho cdng trinh cua tu van thiet ke ngay d budc thiet ke cO sd de thi nghiem xae djnh E^j-, cija vat lieu ao dudng vdi ket ca'u ed tang mat cap eao A l , A2 tuOng Ung vdi loai hinh gay am du bao eija Idp vat lieu ke't eau, nhUng qui djnh nay ehua chi tie't ve sd lupng mau eu the.
Ngoai ra, Bd Xay dUng eung khdng ban hanh qui djnh tinh them ehi phf nay eho eae tu van, nen tren thuc te edng tac nay khdng dupc thUe hien mac du tieu chuan da dupe ban hanh gan 5 nam, d i n den chat IUdng cac hd so thiet ke chua cao va ke't eau ao dudng thiet ke khdng phu hdp vdi thue te lam viee cua ket eau va ngudn vat lieu eung cap eho cdng trinh. Vf du, d khu vue phfa Nam, tren thuc te khdng cd CPDD thda man yeu cau lam Idp CPDD loai I va thuc te thi cdng thi cung_khdng dung may rai nhung trong eae hd so thiet ke v i n thiet ke ket eau vdi CPDD loai I lam Idp mdng tren...; rieng viee thi cdng rai bang may san va thie't ke, thanh toan bang may rai da chenh lech gan 3000 d/m^ ddi vdi CPDD lam Idp mdng tren [3].
Doi v6l chu dau tiT, nha thau thiet ke, nha thau tufvan giam sat, nha thau thi cong: kien nghi Bd Xay dung, Bd GTVT can cd qui dinh ve edng tae phuc tra cae ket qua thi nghiem de nang cao traeh nhiem eua
(Xem tiep trang 60)
PHONG CHONG LUT BAO - TIM KIEM CU'U NAN
duyen hai la an sinh xa hdi cho minh. Diem tya vOng ehae nay ed nhiem vy thdng bao thdi tiet, bao bao trong trUdng hpp khan cap va thu phat cae tin hieu cap cQu to eae tau tai t i n sd 7.903Khz, sau dd xQ ly thdng tin va dQa ra trp giup e i n thiet eho tau gap nan.
Song vl tien Ipi, nhieu ngUdi di bien khdng nghe Dai duyen hai ma tQ trang bj may iCom dat tai bd, ngoai tam kiem soat eua cac eO quan quan ly tan sd. Theo khao sat cua Vishipel, hien cae may iCom do ngUdi di bien dang ky dac biet la ngU dan lap dat tren tau nhung lai dat tai bd de lien lac vdi tau tren bien kha phd bien d Quang Ninh, Da N i n g , Ninh Thuan, Nha Trang, VOng Tau... Tai Binh Thuan cQ hai tau danh ea xa bd ed mdt may ICom dat tai bd. Ly do khdng mang theo ICom tren tau thuyen thudng la do hp ngai mUe phi va ngai Id ngU trudng.
NhQng dieu ngQ dan can biet.
Du Nha nude da ed cac quy djnh ve tim kiem cQu hd, cQu nan tren bie'n va cae Dai thdng tin Duyen hai da lien tyc phat cae quy djnh dd tren eae tan so de tuyen truyen eho nhOng ngudi di bien nhUng dudng nhu v i n khdng dUde hp tuan thu. Vi vay, can hudng d i n eho hp thanh lap eae td, dpi doan ke't danh b i t hai san tren bidn nham hd trp, giUp dd l i n nhau trong danh bat cOng nhu Ung phd vdi thien tai... Qua cac dpt tap huan nghe ca, nganh chQe nang can nhae nhd nhOng ngUdi di bien ve cac dieu kien dam bao an toan trong lue khai thac tren bien, ve eae khu vUe tranh tru bao, khi ed thdng tin bao bao thi phai tim nOi an nap ngay, khdng dupe tiep tyc khai thae de tranh nhOng tai nan dang tide.
Dieu quan trpng hdn het dd la khi tham gia lao ddng san xuat tren bien, thuyen trudng, ehu phUdng tien can lUu y den traeh nhiem cua minh. Khi cd vy viec phai ehu ddng lien lae vdi Ban chi huy PCLB va TKCN dja phUPng nPi tau thuyen dang ky de xin hd trd. Ddng thdi eung cap thdng tin cQu nan tdi eae Dai thdng tin Duyen hai Viet Nam de truyen phat thdng tin
an toan hang hai, thdng bao che tPM nuyen hoat ddng g i n khu vyc tau bj nan biet 'T S'^ P^^^ ^^P tim kiem eUu nan. Ngudi eung ca ong tin phai chju traeh nhiem ve dp trung thUc cuf :hdng tin da bao.
Thudng xuyen cap nhat thdng tin tren t i n sd quy djnh cua cae Oai thdng tin Duyen hai Viet Nam de chu ddng cd bien phap phdng, tranh thien tai, tham hpa trong khu vyc bj anh hydng tren bien.
Khi xay ra tai nan hoac can trO giup, gpi ngay Dai thdng tin Duyen hai bang each bat may vd tuyen dien, ehpn tan sd thu va tan sd phat 7903 KHz de dupc giup dd (tau gap su cd dupe phue vy m i l n phi 24/24gid ma khdng can dang ky trUdc).
TrUdng hpp cac td chQe ca nhan chu phUOng tien bi nan hoac gap sQ ed phat tin hieu cQu nan va yeu cau cac eO quan Nha nude ed tham quyen td chile cQu nan, nhung khi cae phuong tien den cQu nan theo lenh dieu ddng cua eO quan Nha nUdc cd tham quyen tiep can lai khdng yeu cau cQu nan nOa ma chi yeu e i u cQu hd thi cae td chQe, ca nhan hoac chu phUdng tien yeu e i u cQu nan phai chi tra toan bd kinh phi true tiep, kinh phi phat sinh hpp ly eho ehu phUOng tien tham gia cQu hd. Trong trUdng hop cac td chQe, ca nhan hoae ehu phUPng tien tham gia hoat ddng cufu hd nhung bj rui ro do thien tai dUOe nhan kinh phi do Nha nudc tra eho cac ehi phi ve tien cdng, nhien lieu tieu hao, chi phi sQa chOa (neu tau bj hU hdng) va cac khoan ehi phi phat sinh hop le khae. Quan trong hdn nQa ta phai thdng bao, cung cap thdng tin tai nan sU ed mdt each kjp thdi, chinh xac va hieu qua.
Dupe biet, Cyc Quan ly tan sd da len ke hoach ra soat, nghien cQu xay dUng eO ehe cap phep cho cac dai bd theo hudng han ehe bang each tang phi cap phep va phi sQ dyng tan sd. Cue cOng se de xuat Nha nude hd trp may ICom eung nhU giam cUde lien lac cho ngudi di bien de hp cd the giO lien lac vdi he thdng Dai thdng tin Duyen hai va dUOc thuc sU hudng Ipi tu he thdng dai qudc gia nay •
GIAI
PHAP KHAC PHUC...(Tiep theo trang 23) chu d i u tu eOng nhu cae nha thau. C i n qui djnh cap edng trinh nao thi ehu d i u tU true tiep quan ly edng tae thi nghiem (hien nay cae dU an ODA chu d i u tu tryc tiep thue tu van thi nghiem) va bd sung ehi phi de chu d i u tu thUe hien vl hien nay edng tac thi nghiem trong phdng va ngoai hien trudng deu do nha t h i u thi cdng thue cae ddn vj thi nghiem hoac ty thyc hien, khd dam bao tinh khaeh quan.
Ket luan:
Tren eP sd cae ke't qua khao sat day chuyen cdng nghe san xuat va thi nghiem cac chi tieu ky thuat yeu c i u cua CPDD dang dupc san xuat va sQ dung tai khu vyc phfa Nam cho thay:
- Cac day chuyen cdng nghe san xuat CPDD hien nay khdng dat chuan theo yeu eau eua tieu chuan nganh 22 TCN 334-06, d i n den chat lUdng CPDD khdng dn djnh, khd dap Ung yeu eau lam cac Idp mdng tren, tham ehi ed the ca Idp mdng dudi;
- De tan dyng cdng nghe san xuat s i n cd va phu hpp vdi vj tri Idp mdng trong cac cap dUdng, nang cao hieu qua kinh te ky thuat khi sQ dyng cap phdi 0x4
lam mdng dudng nen bd sung qui djnh ve pham vi sii dung Idp mdng cap phdi 0x4 hien dang dupe san xuat d khu vuc TP.HCM;
- Kien nghj Bd GTVT, Bd Xay dUng hoan thien cac tieu chuan nganh, van ban phap ly de nang eao traeh nhiem eua NSX, ehu d i u tU, nha thau thiet ke, giam sat, thi nghiem nham nang cao hieu qua kinh te ky thuat khi sQ dyng cap CPDD ndi ehung va cap phdi 0x4 ndi rieng lam mdng dudng d td. Khdng nen bd tri Idp CPDD lam Idp mdng tren cho dudng cd nhieu xe tai nang (vi dy, dudng cap lUu lupng TO, T 1 , T2 theo tieu ehuan cua Phap), dudng cao td'c •
Tai lieu tham khSo:
[1]. Nguyin Van Hung, Nguyin Van Du. Phan tieh, danh gia mot sd tdn tai khi san xuat, sd dung cap phdi da dam lam mdng dddng d td d TP.HCM. Tap chi Giao thdng van tai, sd thang 5/2008;
[2]. Nguyin Van Hung. De xuat bd sung chl tieu ky thuat ve vat lieu da nguyen khai dung de san xua't cap phdi da dam vao tieu chuan nganh 22 TCN 334-06.
[3]. Nguyin Van Hung, Nguyin Van Du. De tai NCKH do Sd KHCN TP.HCM quan ly "Danh gia mot sd tdn tai khi san xua't, sd dung Qr - -. / ^ ^ ^^j^g dddng 6 td d TP.HCM va de xuat giai pr., Sg'c phud'.
