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PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA DOI MOI SANG TAG
TRONG GAG GO QUAN N H A NUCfG 6 VIET NAM
PGS.TSDAOTH!AITHiri
Tom tat: Phat trien van hda ddi mdi sing tao cua cie ed quan nhi node de thue day tinh thin khdi nghiip la viic xay dong nin ting he gia tri nhim thiic day sO dam mi, khit vong, ddng loe kinh doanh, so to tin, biit chap nhan rui ro de bat dau mdt so nghiep, phit then sin phim mdi, thi trOdng mdi; nin tang de ning cao nang loc canh tranh cija moi ci nhin, td chOe ddng gdp vio so nghiip xay dOng va phit then di't node. Bai viit neu len thOc trang vi dua ra nhOng giai phip phit triin van hoi ddi mdi sang tao trong cie cd quan nha nude trong giai doan hien nay.
TUkhoa: Co quan nhi node; doi mdi, sing tao; phat trien van hda; Viet Nam.
Abstract: Developing innovative culture in state agencies to promote startup spirit is intend- ed to build up the foundation of system values to promote the passion, aspiration, business moti- vation, confidence and knowledge, accept risks to start up a career, develop new products and markets as the foundation to improve the competitiveness of each and every individual and organization and contribute to national construction and development.The article highlights cur- rent situation and offers a number of solutions for developing innovative culture in state agen- cies in the current period.
Keywords: State agencies; innovation and creativity; cultural development; Vietnam.
Ngiy nhan bii: 09/01/2020 Ngiy bien tap: 15/01/2020 Ngiy duyit dang: 17/02/2020
1. Tinh thin Ithdi nghiep va van hoa doi mdi sang tgo
Tinh t h i n khdi nghiep (entrepreneurshlp) la thuat ngQ xuat hien da lau tren the gidi nhUng edn khd mdi me 6 Viet Nam, mac dQ tren thue te d Viet Nam da cd rat nhieu ngudi khdi nghidp thanh edng. Hau het eae tde gia d i u cho rang "tinh than khdi nghiep - tinh t h i n kinh doanh" (entrepreneurshlp) gan vdi khai niem "doanh nhan" (entrepreneur).
Gin ddy cd mdt khai niem khdi nghidp khae ra ddi, do la qude gia khdi nghiep (start-up nation). Qude gia khdi nghidp dupe hieu nhQ la tinh than khdi nghidp eua cac qude gia non tre ma ban thdn nd IQc nao cung trong giai doan khdi nghiep, la ndi ed rat nhieu doanh nhdn khdi nghiep nhQ d Israel, Singapore, Hoa Ky...
(*) Vi$n Dao tao vi Phit trien nguon nhan It/c
Tinh t h i n khdi nghidp dQpc b i t ngudn tQ nhQng y tudng sdng tao, y ehi, khat vpng, niim dam me, hoai bao, dupe d'p u va trd thanh ddng Ipe de thpc hidn khat vpng va dam md khi b i t d i u mdt cdng vide nao dd.
NhQng yeu to cdt loi cua tinh than khdi nghiep bao gdm: 1) Khd nang nam bat eO hdi mdi; 2) Thai dp chap nhdn rui ro; 3) Cd y tudng ddi mdi sang tao. NhU vay, dgc trung ndi bat eua "tinh than khdi nghidp" la: 1) Hoai bao va khat vpng bat dau mdt edng vide; 2) Nang Ipc tao cd hdi mdi; 3) Cd dau de quyet dodn, dam lam, dam chju traeh nhiem; 4) Cd nhllu y tudng, tu duy ddi mdi sang tgo, ludn ddi mdi phQPng phap gidi quyet van d l ; 5) Cd sp ben bi, than trpng va chap nhdn rui ro; 6) Cd dao dQe nghi nghidp va trach nhiem xa hpi.
6 Vidt Nam, sp tp tin ve nang Ipc khdi dau mdt sp nghidp thQdng ty le thuan vdi
To chiic nha nuoc so 2/3020
J % ' ni&m, 90 -n^^ ^ i'ffd,/ /AdnA /a/. Qdn^ %1nf/ ^an J/2020) dp tudi, bieu hidn qua k i t qud
khdo sat thpc t i l n nhu sau:
t^ le thanh nien (tQ 18 den 34 tudi) nhan thUc cd dpng lue va tinh than khdi nghidp la 52% tdng sd phieu dupe hoi, trong khi ty le nay 6 trung nien (tQ 35 den 64 tudi) chiem 66,5%. Khi dupe hdi v l nguydn nhdn d i n dd'n mat dpng Ipc va khdng cd tinh t h i n khdi nghidp, ed 55% sd ngudi dupe hoi trd Idi la do
"thu tye hanh ehfnh eua Nha nude cdn rUdm ra, r i c rdi";
45% tra ldi do "Nhd nUde ehua ed nhiiu ehfnh saeh ho trp phu hpp"; 65% trd ldi do
"hanh vi, thai dp Qng xQ cua cae cdng ehUc nha nQdc edn nhieu phlln ha, saeh nhieu";
70% trd ldi do "ehinh saeh thud cua Nha nudc chua ehu trpng Uu tien, khuyin khfeh cho khdi nghiep kinh doanh".
Ve sU nhanh nhay va nhin nhan eo hdi kinh doanh, ed 59% thanh nien dupc hdi nhan tha'y cd co hdi kinh doanh, trong khi b nhom lUa tudi trung nien la 53,5%. Ty le thanh nien lo sp that bai trong kinh doanh Id 45,0%, d ngUdi trung nidn la 48,5%"'.
Ddi mdi sang tao ehfnh la qua trinh bien eac y tudng thanh gia tri dUdc chap nhdn trdn thuc tidn. Van hda la tdng the nhQng gia trj tdt dep nha't eua eon ngudi, d do eac gia trj tinh than cao ed dupe tham thau, lang dpng vd tdn len nhOng ve dpp rieng eua con ngUdi. Ndi dd'n van hda la ndi den sang tao. Ddi mdi
mang tfnh van hda la thay ddi ed su t i l n bd v l chat va dem lai gia tn. Chu tjch Ho Chi Mmh da dung khai niem van hda theo nghta rdng nhd't: "Vi le sinh tdn cung nhU vi mye dfeh cupc sdng, loai ngudi mdi sang tao va phat minh ra ngdn ngO, ChQ viet, dao dQe, phap lugt, khoa hpe, tdn giao, van hda, nghe thuat, nhQng cdng cu cho sinh hogt hang ngay v l mac, an, 5 vd eua phUPng tidn, phQdng thQe sQ dpng.
Toan bd nhQng sang tgo va phat minh do tUc la van hda.
Van hda la sU tdng hpp eua mpi phUdng thQe sinh hogt cung vdi bieu hidn cOa nd ma loai ngUdi da sdn sinh ra nham thfch Qng nhQng nhu cau cQa ddi song va ddi hoi cQa sp sinh ton"'"'. Tdng Giam ddc UNESCO, Federico Mayor eho rang: "Van hod la tdng the sdng ddng cae hogt ddng sang tgo (eua eae ed nhan va eae edng ddng) trong qua khU va hidn tgi. Qua eae the ky, hogt ddng sang tao ay da hinh thanh ndn eae gia tn, eae truyen thdng va eac thi hiiu - nhQng y i u td xac djnh dac tinh rieng eua mdi dan tpe"'^'.
Nhin tu gde dp ehu t h i van hoa, ed the ehia thanh eae yeu td van hod ca nhan, van hda td chQc va van hod cpng ddng. Van hda qudn ly nha nUdc la van hoa td ehQc, thQc thi quyin Ipe nha nQdc, dupe phdp ludt d i i u chinh de tien hanh quan ly eac edng viee ed tfnh ehuyen nganh va phue vu ldi fch cdng.
Hd thd'ng eac gia tri van hoa ddi mdi sang tgo trong cd quan nha nUdc thuc day tinh t h i n khdi nghiep la k i t qua eua phQdng thQe Qng xQ eCia eo quan nha nude dem Igi gia trj eho eac doanh nghidp khdi nghidp. Cae phUPng thUc nay dupe xem la phu hpp, ed y nghTa quan trpng dd'i vdi ddi sdng tinh t h i n cua cdc doanh nghiep khdi nghiep.
He thdng gia tri van hod ddi mdi sang tgo trong eae eO quan nha nUdc d l thue day tinh than khdi nghidp dupc d u thanh bdi cac yeu to nhU: truyen thing, hidn dai, trinh dp hpc van, trinh dp van hda, td't ca eae y i u td nay d i u phdi vUdn tdi he gia tri "ehan, thidn, my", dupe mo td bang sP dd dudi day:
Chdn
Thign
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To chuc nha niiwe so 3/3030~mffn/4^. 90 ndm -Ar/d^. /AdnA /d/i Udmy 'fon^ .mn tie/Jam (3/2/J930 - S/2/2020) 2. Gidi phap phat triln van hoa ddi mdi
sang tao trong cd quan nha nudc de gop phan thuc day tinh than khdi nghiep d Viet Nam
2.1. Phit trien van hoa ddi mdi sang tao Ii xiy dt/ng gii tri "cai chan"- thi hien tinh
"nhan ban" trong ca quan nha nudc Mdt Ii, can xay dung gia trj "cdi that" thdng qua vide hinh thdnh tinh than khdi nghiep eho thanh nidn ngay tQ khi edn trong trudng hpc, y chi tu chu, tp lap cua con ngudi phdi dupe hpc ngay tU nhd. Vi vay, ed quan quan ly nha nUdc v l gido dye vd dao tao la ndi dau tidn can phat trien van hda ddi mdi sang tao bang cdch xay dung gia trj "eai that" thdng qua cdi each phUPng phap gido due tU phd thdng den dgi hpc theo hudng g i n ly thuyit vdi thpc tiln, d l eao tinh thin lam chu, thuc day van hda khdi nghiep nhQ la dieu kien tidn quylt de bdn than mdi ngudi hinh thanh y ehi tu than ldp nghiep. Xay dung gia trj "eai that" de tranh tinh trgng mpt sd can bd, cdng chUe "ngoi nham ehd", nang Ipc chua tUPng xQng vdi vi tri ddm nhidm.
Hai Ii, "cdi ehan" la bieu hien cQa gid trj chuan mUc dao dQe va phap ludt. Chuan mpc van hod ddi mdi sdng tao trong cd quan nha nude la cac quy tae, eae each thQc cy the quy djnh rd edng chUc nen Qng xQ nhQ t h i nao ddi vdi cdc doanh nghidp khdi nghiep d l tao dpng Ipe, mem dam md va khdt vpng eho phong trao khdi nghiep ngdy cdng lan rdng.
Mat khde, edng ehQc phdi biit lang nghe, thau hiiu nhu cau cQa nhan dan, xuat phat tQ mdi quan he dgo dQc cua cdng chQe la "trung vdi nudc, hieu vdi dan", trong dd chQ "hiiu"
phai dupe the ehe hda bang eae van bdn phap luat vdi mue tieu eham lo eho cac ca nhan, to chQc cd nhu elu kinh doanh khdi nghiep, tQ dd cd nhQng chfnh saeh va hanh vi Qng xQ phu hpp d l thue day tinh than khdi nghiep trong nhan dan.
Ba a, "cai chan" la bieu hidn gia trj cQa tri thQc khoa hpe trong hogt ddng eua nha nudc.
Hien nay tai sdn vd hinh d cae cd quan nha nudc bao gdm cae yeu td mang tinh tri thUe khoa hpe nhU: thdng tin khoa hpe - cdng nghd, khoa hpe td chQc bd may va nghe thuat qudn ly, su tfn nhiem cua cae ea nhan, to ehQc, doanh nghiep ddi vdi cdng ehQc. Kha nang phat trien cQa trf tue, eua khoa hpc - edng
nghd la^dilu kidn giai phdng sQc lao ddng vd phat trien con ngUdi.
Do vay, mdt ed quan nha nude dQpc coi la ed van hda doi mdi sang tao khi d do cd nhQng ehinh sach tdt nhd't, tgo diiu kien thuan Ipi cho eac doanh nghidp khdi nghiep tren cd sd tdn trpng nhQng gia trj cd nhdn cua eon ngUdi. Cd tdn trpng gia trj ridng eua mdi ca nhan, to chQc thi mdi ed gid tri ddi mdi sang tao. Dong thdi, vide td ChQc lao ddng khoa hpc 6 cd quan nha nUdc la the hidn trinh dp van hda cao. Vide bd tri phong lam vide, noi tie'p doanh nghiep dd'n lam thu tpc kinh doanh khang trang, ljch sp eung la bieu hidn cho thly cdng ehQc lam vide d dd cd trinh dp tri thQc khoa hpe cao.
Chfnh saeh hd trp dieu kidn vat chat cho doanh nghiep khdi nghidp cung la biiu hien eua gid trj tri thQc khoa hpc. De tgo dpng Ipe va tinh thin khdi nghiep hien nay & Viet Nam, diiu kien vat chat la mdt trong nhOng diiu kien quye't djnh cho khdi nghidp thdnh cdng.
2.2. Phit trien van hda ddi mdi sang tao la xay dung gii trj "cii thien" - thi hi$n tinh
"nhan ai" trong cd quan nha nudc hAdt Ii, "cdi thien" the hien 6 IQdng tam eua cdng chUe khi gidi quye't cdng viee vdi doanh nghidp khdi nghiep.
Van hda doi mdi sdng tao trong cd quan nha nudc Id chile ndi nudi dUBng gia trj "eai thidn"
vdi he thdng gia tn cua eai td't, eua iQPng tam, dao dQc va tam hon cao dep cua moi eong ehQc trong thQc thi cdng vy. Thieu nen tang tinh thin eau tien, lanh manh thi khdng cd su phat triln van hda ddi mdi sang tgo ben vQng. Vi vay, can van dung cac yeu td van hod doi mdi sang tao trong cd quan nha nude de thQc day tinh than khdi nghiep cu the: tgo ra he thdng khuyen khfeh, xdy dung bau khdng khi giao tiep thodi mai, CO thai dp lich sp, tdn trong khi eac doanh nghiep den lam thu tue hanh ehfnh.
Hai Ii, "cai thidn" the hien d dao dQc cua cdng chQe khi giai quylt cdng vide vdi doanh nghidp khdi nghidp.
Cae gid trj dao dQe la he gia trj danh eho sp phan biet eai dung, eai sai trong cae mdi quan he giUa nha nUde va doanh nghidp khdi nghiep. Bdn chat cua dgo dQe xua't phat tQ IUdng tam cua con ngUdi bie't ydu eai tdt, ghet cdi xau, tdn trpng, khdng sdch nhidu, khdng gay philn ha cho doanh nghiep khdi nghiep.
To chuc nha nuoc so 2/2020
''J<f nimn, 90 nOm. AQ/df^ /AdnA /4/i Q'dnf/ ^^rnu/ Un U020)
y\ ^ay, ndi den gia trj dao dQc trong van hoa ddi mdi sang tao cQa cd quan nhd nudc, trUdc tidn phdi quan tdm: 1) Xdy dung cac ehuan mpc dao dUe edng ehQc 6 dang ndi quy; 2) Van dung thpc hidn td't cdc chuIn mpc dao dUc 6 dgng ndi quy; 3) Dau tranh cd ly, cd tinh trudc cac bieu hidn vi pham.
Ba ta, "cdi thidn" the hien d sp binh dang va cdng bang cua cdng chUe khi giai quyd't cdng vide vdi doanh nghiep khdi nghidp.
Phat triln van hda doi mdi sang tao can thpc hidn sU binh dang ve loi fch giQa cac thanh phln kinh te. ChQ tjch Hd Chi Minh da chi ro: "Khdng sp thieu, chi sp khdng cdng bang". Trong xay dQng xa hdi xa hdi chQ nghTa giai dogn hidn nay. Dang vd Nha nQdc ta xac djnh muc tidu hang d i u Id: "ddn gidu, nude manh, dan ehu, cdng bang, van minh". D l thue d l y tinh than khdi nghidp, tao ddng lUc va dam md eho eae ed nhdn tham gia khdi nghidp d mpi thanh phan kinh t l , binh dang, cdng bang la he gia tri ed't ldi xuydn sud't hd gid trj cua van hda ddi mdi sang tao.
2.3. Phat trien van hoa ddi mdi sang tao la xay dt/ng gia trj "cai my" - the hien tinh
"nhan van" trong cO quan nha nudc hAdt Ii, "eai my" the hien la eai dpp d hanh vi cua cdng chQe khi giai quye't edng vide vdi doanh nghidp khdi nghidp.
Nang Ipc sang tao "eai dep", sp edm nhdn va thudng thQc "eai dep" la dinh eao cua van hda ddi mdi sdng tao trong eo quan nha nUdc d l thue day tinh than khdi nghiep. Gia trj cQa
"cdi my" la k i t qud eud'i cung cua "cdi chan"
va "cdi thien". Cdi dep dupe bieu hidn trong van hda cdng sd t h i hidn ve dep trdn thQc te cua hanh vi, ngdn ngQ Qng xQ, ldi ndi, anh mat, cQ ehi, nu cudi than thien cua cdng chQe khi giai quylt cdng vide ddi vdi doanh nghidp.
Cung vdi nhu d u hieu bie't ngay edng eao la nhu eau hudng tdi eai dpp ngay cang ldn.
"My" la bieu hidn cua "eai dep", ndi d i n van hda ddi mdi sang tao la ndi d i n nang Ipc sdng tao cai dep. C.Mdc eoi nhu eau ve cai dep la dau hidu de phan bidt con ngudi vdi dong vat:
"Bdn chat con ngUdi id biet nhao nan hidn thpc theo quy lugt cai dep... Sp cdm nhdn va thudng thQe cai dep giQp eho vide gidi phdng eon ngudi, gidi phdng sQc lao ddng, thu tidu moi sU kim ham".
Hai ii, "eai my" the hien la cdi dep vat chat cua edng ehQc khi gidi quye't edng vide vdi doanh nghidp khdi nghiep.
Cai dgp vat chat la the hidn d trang phyc, an mac, vide bd tri try s6 lam vide khoa hpe, van minh, khang trang, sgch dep, thuan tien, du anh sang, trang tri, eay cdnh.v.v... Caeh bd trf phdng lam viec the hidn van hda cdng sd minh bach, lieh sp, trang trpng cua ndi cdng quyin. Tat ed "cai dep" dd dUpc eon ngUdi sao ehup dupe tren thpc t l thdng qua nam giac quan cua eon ngUdi; cd the ndi dd la nhQng ve dep vat chit ma con ngQdi edm nhan va thQdng thQc dupe, dd chinh la vat the hda cdc gid trj tinh thin,
Nhu d u vuon tdi eai dep eua van hod ddi mdi sdng tao trong cd quan nha nUde la mdt trong nhQng ddng ipc quan trpng tgo ra sp tiln bd v l vdt chat va tinh than cho khdi nghiep.
Van hod ddi mdi sang tgo edn hudng eon ngUdi tdi cdi dep cQa tdm hdn, dd la cdi dep vd gia ma chi cd nhQng tam long chan that va trdi tim ydu thuong ddng loai va ehia se vdi doanh nghidp thi mdi cd the cdm nhan dupc.
Vide phat trien van hda ddi mdi sdng tao trong cd quan nha nude de thue day tinh thin khdi nghiep la sp g i n k i t cua nhQng y i u td truyin thdng vdi hien dai, trinh dp hpc v i n vdi trinh dp van minh - tgo thanh he gid trj eua van hda ddi mdi sdng tao ma ndi dd cdc ed quan nha nudc khdng ngQng ddi mdi chi'nh sach, phdp ludt, thu tpc hanh chfnh va ede hdnh vi Qng xQ vdi doanh nghidp, gdp phln tgo ddng Ipc, dam md, hQng khdi eho phong trao khdi nghidp. Cae chfnh saeh, quylt djnh qudn ly ed van hda ddi mdi sang tgo phdi gdp phan gidi phdng eon ngudi, gidi phdng sQc lao ddng vd thu tidu mgi sp kim ham dd'i vdi doanh nghiep khdi nghiep./.
Ghi chu:
(1) Ngudn: Kit qud khdo sat de tai cap bg so 05/HD-DT/VCLCS.19.20 nam 2019.
(2) Ho Chf Minh, Toan tip, tap 3, Nxb CTQG- ST, H.1995, tr.413.
(3) F.Mayor, Tong Giam doc UNESCO (theo tai lieu cua Uy ban Quoc gia Thap k^ the gidi phat triln van hoa).
