TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Biii Thj Thu Hiln
GIA TRI NHAN CACH
TRONG VAN HOA CHINH TRI HO CHI IVONH
PERSONALITY VAL UES IN HO CHI MINH'S POLITICAL CULTURE BOI THI THU HIEN('>
TOM TAT: Van hoa chinh tri cd nhdn gom cdc yiu to nhu: nhdn thuc chinh tri, hogt dpng chinh h-i thvc tiin va nhdn each chinh tri. Trong do, tri thuc chinh tri Id nhimg hieu biit vi cdc ly thuyit, hpc thuyit chinh trf, cdc kinh nghiim vi ddu tranh chinh tri, tham du chinh tri vd cde ly thuyit, kinh nghiem vi lanh dgo, qudn ly; ly tudng, niim tin chinh trj; phuang phdp, phong cdeh ehinh tri... Hogt ddng chinh tri thirc tien Id khd ndng vd cdch thirc tham du vd ddn thdn vdo chinh tri.
tham gia vdo viic xdy dung vd hodn thiin mot thi chi chinh tri nhdt dinh. Nhdn cdch chinh tri cd nhdn Id todn bd nhimg yiu td nhu dpng ca, thdi dp vd phong cdch ung xir v&i mot the chi chinh tri cu thi. Trong cdc gid tri ^^<' van hoa chinh tri Ho Chi Minh, gid tri nhdn cdch chinh trj Id ca sa de Ngu&i tiip thu tri thirc chinh tri phong phii. thu^c hien cdc hdnh dpng chinh trf thuc tiin dung dan cho thdng lai ciia cdch mgng Viet Nam. Bdi viet tdp trung phdn tich noi dung gid trf nhdn cdch trong vdn hda chinh tri Hd Chi Minh.
Tit khoa: gid tri nhdn edeh; vdn hda chinh tri Hd Chi Minh.
ABSTRACT: Personal political culture includes the following factors: political awareness, practical political activities and political personality. Among them, political knowledge is the understanding of political theories, experiences of political struggle, political participation and theories and experiences of leadership and management; political ideals and beliefs; methods, political styles, ect. Practical political activities are the ability and way of participating and engaging in politics, participating in building and completing a certain political institution.
Personal political personality is all factors such as motivations, attitudes and behavior styles to a specific political institution. Among the values of Ho Chi Minh's political culture, personality values are the foundation for Him to acquire rich political knowledge, carry out right practical political actions for the victory of the Vietnamese revolution. The article focuses on analyzing the content of personality values in Ho Chi Minh's political culture.
Key words: personality values; Ho Chi Minh's political culture.
I. BA.T VAN DE chinh tii dupe cdng ddng tiiira nhan, chia se.
Van hda ehinh tri l i sin pham do con vgn dung trong vide thidt lap va vin hanh mpt ngudi hun due trong qua trinh dau tranh giinh, thd chi chinh tri nhit dinh theo hudng tidn bp.
giir va sii dung quyen Iyc nha nude, trd thanh Vin hda ehinh tri ket tinh toin bd nhung gia trj, nhihig gia tri ben virng ehi phdi nhan thire va phim chit, trinh do, nang luc ehinh tri dupe hanh vi chinh tri eiia con ngudi. Van hda ehinh hinh thanh yen mdt ndn chinh trj nhat dinh tri li nhirng gii tij ciia tu tudng ciing hanh vi nhim thyc hien lgi ich giai cap, din tgc, cdng
(•' TS. Dai hpc Qudc gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, [email protected]. Mas6: TCKH22-26'2020 Nghien ciiu dupe tai trp bdi Dai hpc Qu6c gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Mmh trong khudn khd dl tai C20I9-76-01
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG ddng v i phii hgp vdi xu hudng phat triln tiln bp cua xa hpi Ioai ngudi. Vin hda chinh trj khdng phai la sy kit hgp don thuan giua van hda vdi ehinh tri mi van hda tham thiu vio ragi hogt dgng chinh tri, td chiie ehinh tri va chu thd ehinh tri, nang ehinh tri len tim van hda, lira eho ndn ehinh tri raang dim tinh nhin van. Van hda ehinh tri duge bidu hien thdng qua hanh vi chinh yi eua mdi edng din, trudc hdt li cie nhi chinh tri, cic lanh ty chuyen nghiep. Vdi mdt sd linh ty ehinh tij xuat sic thi van hda ehinh tri ciia hp cd vai tid to ldn trong viec hinh thanh nhiing gii tri chung, thim chi tao ra bude ngoit trong qui trinh phat tridn van hda ciia edng ddng, dan tpe. Van hda chmh tri Hd Chi Minh li van hda chinh tri ca nhin, va la ea nhan tidu bilu vdi ti'nh each la mot lanh ty ehinh yi va la mpt nhi quin ly tdi cao cua dan tgc. Vin hda ehinh tii Hd Chi Minh dugc hinh thanh, phat tridn va hoin thien hong sudt qui trinh hogt ddng each mgng ciia Ngudi, li sin phim eua sy tich hpp, kl thiia, phit tridn van hda chinh tri ttuyln thing Viet Nam, gia tri vin hda ehinh tii cua nhin logi, dgc bidt la gii yi van hda chinh yi ciia chii nghia Mac - Ld-nin yong didu kien cy thi cua Viet Nam. Van hda chinh tri ciia Ngudi ed ndi dung cot Idi l i tu tudng va hinh ddng nhim thyc hien tript dl quyIn din toe ca ban va quydn con ngudi chin chinh, li nln ting tu tudng, dgo dire vi phong each eua Ngudi; ed gii tr\ ly luan v i thye tien to Idn, la ydu td ndn ting tgo ndn mgi thing loi eua cich mgng Vipt Nam. Ddng thdi, van hda ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh li "chat keo" gin kdt mpi ngudi din Vipt Nam thupc nhidu giai cap, ting Idp khic nhau tgo ndn nguin Iyc to ldn du sue mgnh danh bai cic thd lye xam luge; dua nude ta di ldn chii nghia xa hgi, dap ung yeu cau xi)- dyng rapt nln chinh yi din chii, dpc lap, ty chu, each mgng va tidn bp.
Van hda ehinh tri ca "han g^t" cac yeu to nhu: nhgn thiic chinh d i hogt dpng chinh yj thyc tidn va nhin cich chinh yj. Trong dd, yi
thiie chinh tri li nhung hieu biet vd cac ly thuylt, hpe tiiuylt ehinh yj, cic kinh nghiem ve diu tranh chinh tri, tham du chinh trj va cic ly thuyet, kinh nghidm vl lanh dgo, quin ly; ly tudng, nilm tin ehinh tri; phuang phip. phoiig eich ehinh tri... Hogt ddng chinh tri thyc tidn li kha ning va cich thiie tham dy va dan than 'vio ehinh yi, tiiara gia vio vide xiy dyng va hoan thien mdt the chi ehinh yi nhit djnh.
Nhan each ehinh fri c i nhin la toan bp nhiing ydu td nhu dpng co, thai dd vi phong cich ling xu vdi mpt thd ehd chinh yj cy the. Trong cie gia tri eua van hda ehinh yi Hd Chi Minh, gia tri nhin each la co sd dd Ngudi tidp thu tri thiie chinh tri phong phii, thyc hipn eae hinh dpng ehinh trj thye tidn diing din cho thing lgi cda each mgng Viet Nam.
Gii tri nhin cich hong van hda ehinh tri Hd Chi Minh thd hidn d eie ndi dung: 1) Hd Chi Minh ludn dl cao vai trd ciia nhan dan, trpng dan, than dan, mpi suy nghT v i hinh d$ng cich mgng ddu vi quyIn lgi ciia din; 2) Hd Chi Minh ludn chli trgng xiy dung dgo diic chinh tri; 3) Hd Chi Minh sudt ddi tu dudng dgo diic chinh tri, ludn hai hda giiia dgo diic chinh tri vdi each thiic dgt dupe cic mye tidu ehinh tri, ludn dit lgi I'ch ciia Ding, ciia dan tde len tren lgi ich c i nhan.
2. NQI DUNG
2.1. Ho Chi Minh luon de cao vai trd cua nhan dan, trpng dan, t h i n dan, mgi suy nghT va hanh dong each mang deu vi quyen 1^
ciia dan
Tu tudng va hanh dgng ey thd yong iing xii vdi nhan dan khdng chi Ii ngudn gdc siu xa tao ndn sy nghipp chinh yj Hd Chi Minh mi cdn Ii mgt gia yi ndi bat eiia van hda chinh yj eua Ngudi. "Nhan din" theo quan niem ciia H6 Chi Minh, la cpng ddng ngudi bao gdm nhiiu giai cip, ting ldp khac nhau nhung ddu Ii g6c cua qudc gia, din tpc, vira la co sd cho sy ra ddi, tin tgi vi phat yiln ciia chinh yj vira la ehii thi eiia chinh yi. QuyIn lye chinh yi thudng chi dugc bao dam cho nhihig nguai
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Biii Thj Thu Hiln thuge giai cap thing trj, do do, lich sii phit
tridn ciia xa hdi loai ngudi cung ddng thdi la Ijch sir diu tranh eho viee md rdng doi tugng la chQ thi cua chinh yi vi bio dim cho eac chu thi dd tham gia ngay cang sau, rdng v i thi hidn ngay cing ro hon vai trd ciia mmh tiong ddi sdng ehinh tii. Cupc ddi hoat ddng chinh yj cua Ho Chi Minh ehinh la qui yinh tim tdi, diu yanh, khing dinh va de cao vai hd ciia nhin dan yong ddi sdng chinh tri v i hudng mgi hogt ddng cua eae ehu thi chinh tri ddn vide thue hidn quydn Iyc chinh tri ciia nhin din nhim muc tidu dem lgi ddc lgp, ty do, hgnh phue eho nhan din, xiy dung thinh cdng chii nghTa x i hgi.
(3 Ho Chi Minh, yong suy nghT va hanh dgng, ndi va lim, ly lugn va thuc tidn, dilm xuit phit v i didm cudi ciing la vi con ngudi, nhin din, ddng bao vdi tat e i nhu eiu sinh tdn va phit yiln. Hd Chi Minh ed nhieu eich dien dgt va tiep cgn khic nhau vd nhin din, nhung deu de cgp ddn sd ddng quan chiing trong xa hdi. Tilp can tii gdc dp ngudn g6c, Ngudi cho rang, nhin dSn li nhiing ngudi cd chung mpt egi ngudn, ehung mdt td tien, deu la "Con Lgc, chiu Hdng", ddu li anh em, ru^t thit. Tii gdc dd bin sic van hda eua edng ddng ngudi, Hd Chi Minh quan nipra, nhan dan la nhiing ngudi trong ciing m0t qudc gia, mdt lanh thd thdng nhat, cd nhiing net chung vd tieng ndi, chix vidt, phong tye, tgp quan... Tir gdc dd chinh tii, Ngudi quan nidm "Nhdn ddn la bdn giai edp cong, ndng, tieu tu sdn, tu sdn ddn tpc vd nhiing phdn tu: khde yiu nuac" [8, y.264]. Nim viing quan diem giai cap, quan dilm quin ehung, Hd Chi Minh da chi ra giai cip edng nhin va ndng dan la lye lugng ddng dio nhit, bi ip birc, bde Ipt ngng nl nhit, cd tinh thin eich mgng tri^t dl nhit.
I ^ ^ Vdi quan dilm "Trong bdu tr&i khong gi
^ 1 bdng nhdn ddn. Trong thi giai khdng gi mgnh bdng lgc lugng doan kit cua nhdn ddn"
[A, y.274], H 6 Chi Minh ludn khing dinh, each mgng li mgt qui tiinh nhim tii lgi dia vi ehii
thd quydn lye chinh yj cua nhan din, khdng phin biet giai cip, ting ldp, tin ngudng, tdn giao. Ludn dd cao vai yd ciia nhin din, Ngudi ludn xuit phit tir nguypn vgng eua nhin din dl lya chgn he tu tudng, ly tudng vi myc tidu chinh yj. Trude khi tidp thu he tu tudng eiia giai cap cdng nhin, Ngudi da tilp xuc vdi nhieu hge thuyet chmh tri khie nhau, nhung cudi cimg, chinh chii nghTa nhan vin, ldng yeu thuang con ngudi va tu tudng tit ea vi nhin din da giiip Hd Chi Minh lya chpn, tin theo chii nghTa Mac - Ld-nin, Iya chpn ly tudng xay dung mdt ehe dg chinh tri thye sy cua dan, do din, vi din. Thiu hilu nguydn vgng va nhu cau hire thiet cua nhan dan li dugc ddc lap, tu do, am no, hanh phiic, Hd Chi Minh da lua chgn vi dua eich mgng Viet Nam di theo eon dudng each mgng vd sin, vdi muc tidu ehinh yj la dgc lap din tpc gin lien vdi chii nghTa xa hgi. Diy Ii eon dudng duy nhit dung din da dugc thuc tien kiem nghiem.
Van hda chinh tri Hd Chi Minh cdn the hipn d vide Ngudi ludn dl cao vai tid cua nhan din, tdn trgng din, hpc hdi din, xuit phat tii din dd xic dinh luc lugng vi phuong phap each mgng. Hd Chi Minh tin tudng manh Hpt vao sue manh, tinh ehd ddng, sing tgo ciia quan chiing nhin din. Vdi quan didm: "Cdch mgng la su nghiep cua qudn chiing, chu khong phdi Id su nghiep eiia ed nhdn anh hiing ndo" [10, y.672], thdng qua hogt dpng thyc tien ca ban nhat nhu lao ddng sin xuit, diu tranh chinh yj - xa hdi v i sing tgo eac gii tri vin hda, tinh thin. Ngudi ludn chu truang lim tdt cdng tac dan vgn dk tuydn truyen, giae ngd, tip hgp va phat huy siic manh ciia toan din, lam cho nhan din hidu rd nghia vy, tiach nhiem va quydn lgi ciia minh trong diu tranh cich mgng. Hd Chi Minh cho rang, "Vi bi dp buc md sinh ra edeh minh, cho nen ai bi dp buc cdng ngng thi long each minh cdng ben, chi cdch minh cdng quyif [A, tr.288]. Do vgy, d mpt nude thupc dia niia phong kiln nhu Viet Nam, giai cip
TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HOC VAN LANG edng nhan cimg vdi giai eip ndng din la ddng iuc chu yeu eiia eich mgng va trong eudc diu tranh do "neu thua thi chi mdt mot edi kiep khd, neu dirge thi dugc cd the gi&i" [4, tr.288].
Trong didu kien bj de qude, thye din thdng tri, ke thu din ip da man, ciing vdi ehinh sach ngu dan ciia chiing, ngudi dan cac nude thudc dia tudng chung khdng the gugng day ndi, song Nguydn Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh vin tin tudng H n h a n din minh, din tgc minh. Xuit phat tir quan didm, cich mang la cua din, Hd Chi Minh chu truang su dung bgo Iuc cich mang, tiic Ii bao luc cua toin dan ed td chiic va dat dudi sy lanh dao cua Ding de phit huy duge siic mgnh eua toan din. Ngudi khing dinh: "Trong euoe ddu tranh gian khd chdng ki thii cua giai edp vd ddn tpe, cdn dimg bgo luc cdch mgng chdng lgi bgo luc phdn cdeh mgng. gidnh lay chinh quyen vd bdo vg chinh quyin" [11, y.391].
Ludn dgt lgi ich cua nhin din ldn trdn hdt, trude hdt va do do, vin de ddc lap, tu do, im no hgnh phiic va khdng ngimg ning cao ddi sdng vat chit, tinh thin ciia nhin din vira la diem khdi dau, vira la muc tidu cudi ciing eua mpi chidn luge vi sach luge cich mgng. Diy la dilm noi bit yong nhin each chinh yi Hd Chi Minh. Trdn co sd kien dinh muc tieu chiln luge li dpc lip din tde gan lien vdi chu-^nghTa xa hpi, trong chi dao thyc tien, Hd Chi Minh ludn xuat phit tu lgi ich, nguyen vpng thilt thuc ciia nhin dan va thuc tien dit nude yong timg thdi ky dk xac dinh sieh luge cu the tren eac ITnh vuc, ehinh yj, kinh le. quin su, ngogi giao, bao dam linh hogt, mem deo vi mang lai hipu qui thilt thyc cho eudc sdng cua nhan din.
Mudn phit huy sire mgnh eiia nhan din, Hd Chi Minh chii trucmg: Ding, Chinh phu khdng ehi dimg lgi d tuydn truydn, td chiic, giie ngd nia didu quan trpng nhit la phai cham lo, bdi dudng siic dan - cii gdc rd, nen tang - eua minh bing nhirng vi^c lim thiet thye dd mang lgi lgi ich, im no, ty do. hanh phiie thye sy eho nhan dan. Hd Chi Minh len in, phd phin sy lira
ddi ciia di qude, thuc din khi hp neu cao nhung khiu hieu tdt dep "tu do, binh ddng. bde ai ,
"quyin sdng. quyin tudo, quyin miru cdu hP""
phuc"... dl tap hgp, tin dung siic manh cua nhan din. Nhung din khi dat dupe myc dieh cua minh thi quay ngugc yd lai ip biic, bde lot nhin dan. Ngudi ydu ciu: "Chung ta dd ldm cdch mgng thi phdi ldm cho din nai, cho tri^t di, ldm sao cdch mgng rdi thi phdi mang lgi quyin lgi cho da so qudn chiing. Cdch mgng thdng Tdm ndm 1945 thdnh edng, tgi eupe hpp ddu tien eiia Uy ban Nghien cuu ke hogch kiin qudc, Ngudi ndu rd muc tieu cua nhi nude li:
"1) Lam eho din cd in; 2) Lim cho din cd mac; 3) Lam cho dan cd ehd d. Lam cho din cd hpc hanh". Ngudi cdn ndi: "Chung ta da hy sinh phdn ddu di gidnh dpc lap. Chung ta da tranh dugc rdi... Chung ta tranh dugc tu do, dpc lap roi md ddn cic chet ddi, chet ret. thi tu do. dpc lap ciing khong ldm gl Ddn chi biit ro gid tri cua tu do, cua dgc lap khi md ddn dugc dn no, mgc dit" [5, y.l52]. Khi cd ehinh quydn rdi, Ngudi ludn nhie nhd phai xay dung bp miy yong sach, dau Uanh vdi nhiing bidu hipn ciia thdi quan lieu, hach dich, nhiing nhidu nhin dan; phai dya vao nhin dan, khoi dgy sire mgnh tiem ting trong nhan- dan d l phuc vu cho sy nghiep ddi mdi, xay dyng ddi sdng mdi trong nhin dan. Bp miy nha nude mdi phai nim bat va giii quydt kip thdi nhiing nhu ciu chinh dang eiia nhin dan nhu: an, mgc, d, hge hanh, chQa bdnh... Ndu din ddi, din ret, din khdng dugc hpc hanh thi dd la loi ciia Ding va Chinh phu. Ludn dd cao vai trd ciia nhin dan, trpng dan, thin dan, mpi suy nghT va hanh ddng each mang diu vi quyin lgi cua din, luon quan tim chim lo din lgi ich ciia nhin dan li mgt yong nhihig vin dk cdt Idi cua gia trj nhan each yong vin hda chinh yj Ho Chi Minh.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG Bill Thi Thu Hi£n 2.2. Ho Chi Minh ludn chii trpng xay dyng
dao diix: chinh tri
Dgo diic chinh tri li bg phin cdt ldi eiia dgo diic each mgng, bao gdm nhirng nguydn tic, ehuin muc vi djnh hudng iing xir, ed tie dung chi phdi, dieu chinh hinh vi ciia mdi chii thd yong ddi sdng ehinh tri, gdp phin xiy dung mdt nen ehinh trj nhan vin, nhin dgo, tat ca vi con ngudi. Chinh trj chi thye su trd thinh vin hda, cd gii tri van hda khi tit c i he thdng ciing cic yeu td ciu thanh eiia nd nhu: muc tieu, Iy tudng, phuang phap, phuang tien va radi ehii thd ddu liy nhan din lam ddi tugng tdi cao dl phyc vy va hudng tdi vipe bao dim cho eon ngudi ngiy cang dugc giai phdng. Ndu di ngugc lgi hoge khdng bio dim dugc tieu chi niy, chinh tri ehi li nhiing thu dogn cua c i nhan hay nhdm lgi I'ch nao do, va khi ay, chinh tri tham ehi cdn la phan van hda. Vi vgy, viec lya chgn, xac lap va xiy dung mdt md hinh chinh yj ma eac ydu td, cie bp phin cua nd ddu dit Ipi ich ciia cdng ddng, qudc gia din tgc len tren hdt li mdt gii tii hit siic quan trgng cua van hda chinh yj.
Hd Chi Minh li mdt lanh tu chinh tri quan tim nhidu nhit den dao diic chinh tri, Ngudi khdng nhiing chi ra mdi quan h? bidn ehiing giOa dgo diic vdi hipu qua lanh dgo ciia ngudi ding vien, giua dao diic vdi tdn tai xa hdi, ma cdn chi ro tinh vugt trudc eiia dgo diic chinh yi ddi vdi sy van dpng, phat triln ciia xi hdi. Trong tu tydng Hd Chi Minh, ndi dung tu tudng dgo diic cich mgng tip trung, ndi bit d luan didm: "Dgo due la edi goc ciia ngu&i edeh mgng'\ Ngudi vi dao dire each mang nhu gdc ciia ciy, ngpn ngudn eua sdng, cCiasudi. Ngudi ch! ro: "Cang nhu song thi cd ngudn m&i cd nuac, khdng co ngudn thi song cgn. Cgy phdi co gdc, khong cd gdc thi cgy heo.
Ngu&i cdch mgng phdi ed dgo due, khdng ed dgo dux: thi dit tdi gioi mdy eiing khdng lanh dgo dugc nhdn ddn" [6, y.292].
Theo Hd Chi Minh, dao diic cich mgng khdng chi dirng lgi d nhiing quy tic, chuin
mye sdng eiia cic ea nhin trong quan he sinh boat hing ngay, ma edn ham chiia thii dp ciia mdi ngudi trong vide giii quydt eae mdi quan he xa hdi phong phii. Nd ddi hdi d mdi ngudi tinh ty nguydn, diic hy sinh, chiia dung nhu-ng gii tri xa hpi ldn lao, mang ndi dung nhin van siu sic.
Ngudi edn chi rd dgo diic each mgng cd ngudn gdc sau xa tii ban chit tdt dep cua cich mang vd sin. Sau nhiiu nam bdn ba, trai nghidm cudc sdng v i nghien ciiu ly luan, Hd Chi Minh da nhin thiie sau sic chin ly eiia thdi dai hien nay la chi ed di theo con dudng each mgng vd san, gin giai phdng dan tpc vdi giii phdng giai eip, giii phdng xa hdi, xda bd tin gdc mgi ap hire, bde lot, bit edng thi eon ngudi mdi thue sy dupe giai phdng. Dd la sy nghiep each mgng vT dgi nhit ciia nhan logi cin lao, yong dd ham chiia nhirng gii trj nhan dgo cao ea, nhan van siu sic. Chd dp mdi la mdi trudng tdt dep tgo ra nhiing tidn de kinh td - xa hdi cho su thdng nhit giiia dao diic va chinh yi. Trong xa hdi cii, cie giai cap thdng trj tim mpi cich ap dgt cic nguydn tie, chuin muc dao diic ciia giai cip minh cho toin x i hdi, nhim sii dung tdi da siic mgnh tinh thin cua dao dire phyc vu eho mye tidu chinh yj, duy tri xa hpi trong trit ty bde lot, vi ky ciia chiing. Trong xa hdi dd, hoc lot, mau thuin ddi khing la ban chit eua che do xa hgi; ehinh trj chi la nbfing thii doan ciia thidu sd thdng tri xa hdi sii dyng dl nd djch da sd quin chiing lao dpng. Ho Chi Minh nhgn djnh ring trong xa hgi cd giai cip bde lot, thdng tri, chi cd lgi I'eh cua giai cip thdng tri li dugc thoi man, cdn lgi ich ea nhin cua quin chiing lao dpng thi bj giay xeo. Trong thye tien dau yanh each mgng, muc tieu chinh trj cao ca la ddc lap din tge v i chii nghTa xa hdi da duge nhin dan giae ngd, chuyen hda thinh nhu ciu, tinh cam, luong tim, nghTa vy dgo diic va nguyen chidn diu hy sinh cho quyin lgi eua din tgc, lgi ich ciia nhan din. Hd Chi Minh ggi do l i dgo diic cich mang v i "dgo due do khdng
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG phdi Id dgo due thu eiiu. Nd Id dgo ddc m&i, dgo ditc VI dai. nd khdng phdi vi danh vpng cua cd nhdn. md vi lgi ich chung eiia Bdng. cda ddn tpc. ciia loai nguaC [6, y.292]. Trong thue tiln diu tranh each mgng, giai cip cdng nhan da sang tgo ra dgo diic eiia minh de giae ngd, ning cao nhidt tinh cich mang eua khdi quan chung ddng dao doin ket xung quanh Ding, diu tranh eho thing tgi cua chu nghTa x i hdi va chli nghTa cpng sin.
Dgo diie each mgng dugc thd hien siu sic trudc hit yong phim chat, nhan each eua ngudi cin bd each mang. Can bd, dang vien khdng ehi tham nhuin siu sic vai trd, siic mgnh ciia dao diic cich mgng, coi dgo diic la goc, la cin ban, li ndn ting mi cdn phii thudng xuydn ren luydn "nhu ngpc edng mdi cdng sdng, vdng cdng luyen cdng tron^\ Cy thd, theo Hd Chi Minh, mdi ngudi deu phai tham nhuan dgo diic cich mang, nhat la phai cd va thudng xuyen ren luydn 5 diic tmh tot: "Nhan" la that tha thuang yeu, hit ldng giup do dong chi v i ddng bio. Vi the ma kien quydt chdng lgi nhihig ngudi, nhung vide ed hai din Ding, den nhin din; sin ldng chiu cue khd trudc mpi ngudi, hudng hgnh phuc sau thidn hg. Vi thi m i khdng ham giiu sang, khdng e cue khd, khdng sp oai quydn.' "NghTa" la ngay thing, khdng ed tu tim, khdng lam vipe h^y, khdng cd vi^c gi phii giiu Ding, ngoai lgi ich eua Ding, khdng ed loi ich ridng phai Io toan. Liic Ding giao cho vide, thi bit cii vide to hay nhd, ddu ra siic Iam ein thin.
Thay vi$c phai thi lam, thiy vide phii thi ndi.
Khdng sg ngudi ta phd binh minh, mi phe binh ngudi khac cQng ludn ludn dung dan. "Tn"" la vi khdng ed vipc tu tiii nd lam mii quing, eho ndn diu dc tiong sgch, sang sudt. Dd hieu Iy lugn. Dd tim phucmg hudng. Bidt xem ngudi.
Bilt xet vipc. Vi v§y, ma biet Iam viec cd lgi, yanh vipc cd hgi cho Ding, bilt vi Dang ma cit nhic ngudi tot, dk phdng ngudi gian. "Diing" la dung cam, gan gdc, gip vipc li phii cd gan lim. Thay khuyet diem cd gan siia chiia. Cyc
khd khd khin, cd gan chju dyng. Cd gan chong lgi nhirng sy vinh hoa, phii quy, khdng chinh dang. Ndu can, tiii cd gan hy sinh ea tinh mdnh eho Dang, cho To qudc. "Lidm" la khdng tham dia vi. Khdng tiiam tiln tai. Khdng tham sung sudng. Khdng ham ngudi ting bde mhih. Vi viy ma quang minh chinh dgi, khdng bao gid hii hda. Chi ed mpt thii ham la ham hpc, ham lira, ham tien bd.
Cling theo Ngudi, dl lim tidn nhidm vu Td qudc va nhin dan giao phd. Ding v i mdi can bd, ding vidn phii phyng sy nhan dan trdn tinh thin ludn "dgt lgi ich cua nhdn ddn lin tren het; lien hi chat che v&i nhdn dan; vi^c gi ciing bdn vdi nhdn ddn. gidi thieh eho nhdn ddn hieu ro; ed khuyit diim thi thdt thd Hrphi binh trudc nhdn ddn, vd hoan nghinh nhdn ddn phe binh minh; sdn sdng hpc hdi nhdn ddn; t\rminh phdi ldm guang mdu edn, kigm. liem. ehinh, de nhdn ddn noi theo" [7, tr.l77]. Dd ehinh la dgo diic eiia Ding each mgng tiong sgch, viing mgnh va ciia mdi cin bp, ding vidn - nhung ngudi dam nhgn trpng trach "kep" - viia la ngudi lanh dgo viia la ngudi diy td thit trung thinh ciia nhan dan, ludn "lim myc thudc cho din", "lo trudc thidn hg, vui sau thien hg" ma khdng cau danh lgi, khdng mang phii qu^, coi khinh sy xa hoa, gian di trong loi song ddi thudng... Do viy, yau ddi dao diic each mgng li yeu cau ndn ting cua mdi eon ngudi, trudc hdt la ddi vdi ngudi ein bd each mgng.
Bdi duong pham chit chinh trj, dgo diic, tgo ndn nhiing nhin each miu myc phai la cdng vide thudng xuyen doi vdi ngudi each mgng. Hd Chi Minh quan nipm ring, ngudi kidn quylt each mgng nhit lgi la ngudi da tinh, chi hilu nhit. Vi thd, Ngudi rit coi y-png vipc bii dudng chinh trj, ren luypn dgo dire mdi Dgc bipt, ddi vdi ngudi cin bd giii cuong vl linh dgo lgi cing cin phai tich eye y^u doi pham chit chmh yj - dgo dire, hoin thipn nh"
each de ed khi ning cim hda, tap hpp QM^
chiing thyc hipn thing lgi nhimg nhi^n,
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG Biii Thj Thu Hlln chinh tri cua cich mang. Do vgy, vide bdi
dudng thi gidi quan Mac - Ld-nin phii gin liln vdi giao dye nhan sinh quan edng san. Hd Chi Minh chi rd: "Cd hpe tap ly lugn Mdc - Le-nin mai cung cd dugc dgo dOe each mgng. gia vOng lgp tru&ng. ndng eao s^ hiiu biit vd trinh dp chinh trj, m&i ldm dugc tdt edng tde Bdng giao phd cho minh" [9, y.292]. Giao dye can bp, ding vien, tnrdc hit dd li cdng viec ciia Ding. Ngudi can dgn: "Bdng ta phdi ra sue tdng cu&ng gido dye todn Ddng vi ly tu&ng cgng sdn chu nghia, vi du&ng loi, chinh sdch cua Ddng, ve nhiim vu vd dgo dire cua ngu&i ddng vien" [10, y.439]. Giio due, ren luydn dgo due cich mgng cho dpi ngii cin bd, ding vidn cua Ding la xay dyng cai nln tang, cai
"gde" vung chic ciia ngudi can bg each mang.
Cdng vide do cin dugc tien hanh ddng thdi vdi boi dudng ly luin chinh yj each mgng. Bai hgc dau tidn ddi vdi ngudi eich mgng, theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, phai la bai hge vd dgo du:c cich mgng. Trong Z)/ cAiic (nim 1969), Ngydi khdng qudn nhae nhd vide giio due, ren luydn dgo diic cich mang cho dpi ngu can bp, dang vien ciia Ding va yeu ciu hp "phdi thgt s{e thdm nhudn dgo dOc cdch mgng, that su cdn kiim liim chinh, ehi cdng vd tu. Phdi giii gin Bdng ta that trong sgch, phdi ximg ddng la nguai lanh dgo, la ngu&i day t& that trung thdnh cda nhdn ddn" [I0,y.510].
Doi vdi mdi cin bg, dang vidn phii ludn ndu cao tinh than ty giae trong ty giao dye, ty ren luypn, toan tim, toan y phyc vu Dang, phyc vy nhin din. Ren luyen dgo diic each mgng l i mpt edng vide khd khin, liu dai, gian khd ddi hdi tinh thin nd lye, ben bi, kidn tri. Dd phai la cdng viec sudt ddi. Sire mgnh v i sy hip din ciia dgo diic each mang khdng chi bdi ly tudng cao ea, ma cdn bdi hinh vi eao dep ciia ngydi cin bg cd siic Idi cudn quin ehiing noi theo.
Bdi v|ly, ngudi can bd phii thi hipn dgo diic cieh mgng qua hanh dgng thyc tidn, phii y d thanh mau raye tiong mpi cdng vide: "Mpt tdm
guang sdng cdn co gid tri han mdt trdm bdi diin vdn tuyin truyin" [2, y.263]. Mat khie, Ngudi edn khang djnh vai tid ciia dgo dire l i ydu td thiic diy hogc kim ham sy phit triln cua eich mang, cua su ra ddi ciia che dp xa hgi mdi khi chiing minh ring, chu nghTa c i nhin la mdt trd lye Idn ciia chii nghTa xa hdi. Vi viy, Ngudi quan tam rit nhidu den vide bdi dudng dgo diic eich mang ciia can bd, ding vien, nhim gdp phin tgo ra rapt mdi trudng x i hdi mdi, lam CO sd dd xiy dyng mgt nln dao diic radi. Vdi nhieu tic phira, bai ndi, baj viet va sy ndu guang vd dgo diic, Hd Chi Minh da ehi ra vi yi, vai trd, ehuin mye va nguydn tie xay dyng dgo diic each mang va d l lgi mpt tim guang sing ngdi vd dgo diic eiia ngudi cpng san - mpt gii tri mang tim bilu tugng yong van hda chinh yj eiia Ngudi.
2.3. Ho Chi Minh suot ddi tu duong daio diic each mgng, luon hai hoa giira dgo due chinh tri vdi each thuc dat dupe cac muc tien ehinh tri, luon dat loi ich ciia Dang, ciia dan tgc len tren Ipi ich ca nhan
Hd Chi Minh ^ hy sinh c i cupc ddi dd lira ehinh tii nhung khdng vi bin thin minh mi chi cd mpt myc dieh la dem lgi dpc lgp eho din tde, ty do cho nhan din. Vi vgy, Ngudi khdng ehi dl lgi rapt di sin chinh tri ve vang ma cdn dl lgi mgt tam guong sing ngdi ve dgo dire ehinh tij. Nguydn tic bit biln chi dgo mpi hogt ddng ehinh tii cua Hd Chi Minh la giii phdng dan tpc phai gin liln vdi tu do, im no, hanh phuc ciia nhan din. Nguyen tac nay la co sd dl Ngudi xie lip cic ehuan raye dgo due: trung, hidu, cin, kiem, lidm, chinh, chi edng vd tu, ydu thuang con ngudi... va dinh hudng cho cac hinh vi chinh tii. Dao du-c chinh tii la ca sd de Hd Chi Minh ftng xu vdi cac hpc thuyet ehinh tri, nhm nhgn tim guang eua cic nha chinh tri va lya chgn xiy dung thi chi chinh tri. Vdi dgo diic ehinh trj Ho Chi Minh, chu nghTa Mic - Le-nin Ii hgc thuylt chan chinh nhit, chic chan nhit, each mgng nhit; eich mang Thing Mudi
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG Nga li thanh edng ddn noi; Le-nin la tim guong mau muc vd dgo diic chinh yj ciia ngudi cdng sin. Vidt vd tira guong dgo dire eiia Le- nin, Ho Chi Minh cho rang, "Khdng chi thiin tdi cda Nguai, md chinh Id tinh edi khinh suxa hoa, linh thdn yiu lao ddng, d&i tu trong sdng,
I
I sdng gidn df, tdm lgi la dgo due vi dgi vd I dep eua ngu&i thdy, da dnh huang l&n lao eac ddn tpe ehau A..." [2, y.317].• Tiep thu ehu nghTa Mic - Ld-nin, hgc tip f guong dao diic ciia Ld-nin, Hd Chi Minh dl lgi mgt tim guong sing ngdi v l Idng yen nude, thuang dan, sudt ddi phin diu Iam cdng bpc tan tuy cua dan; ve su giin dj, khiem tdn, nhidt tinh, tiach nhiem vdi cdng vide vi y chi nghj lye, tinh thin chii dpng, sang tao vugt qua ragi khd khan dl dgt dugc myc tieu chinh yj da xac dinh. Ngudi khang dinh: "Cd dai toi chi ed mpt muc dich. Id phdn ddu cho quyen lai cua Td qudc vd hanh phiic cua nhdn ddn. NhOng khi tdi phdi dn nap nai nui non, hogc ra vdo chdn tii toi, xdng pha su hiim ngheo la vl muc dich do" [5, y.272].
Vide tu duong, ren luyen dao diic chinh tri Hd Chi Minh la ca sd de Ngudi doan kit, tip hgp dugc ddng dao quin chung nhin dan di theo Ding lam eich mgng, tranh thii dugc su giiip dd to ldn ca vd vit chit vi tinh thin ciia giai cip cdng nhin, nhin din lao ddng va cic lye lugng tidn bd, ydu chuong hda binh yen thi gidi cho sy nghiep khing chiln, kidn qudc cua nhin din ta. Qua yinh tu dudng, ren luypn nay cung ddng thdi lim cho Hd Chi Minh y d nen gin giii vdi tat ea mpi ngudi dii hp d dja vi, cuong vi va giai cip, ting ldp nao, ke ca nhiing ngudi ddi lap vl hp tu tudng eung nhu mue tieu, ly tudng. Vdi tinh thin nhin van cao ea va tim Idng khoan dung, dp lugng, Hd Chi Minh khdng coi ai vTnh vidn la ke thii, Ngudi ludn nhin nhgn sy vgt, hipn tugng vdi yang tiiii bilu hidn eiia qui trinh van dgng, phit sinh, phit yiln yong mdi trudng ty nhidn, chinh trj, x i hgi nhit djnh. Trong tu tudng va hanh dgng
chinh yj Hd Chi Minh, vide dinh dd chii nghia thuc dan la danh dd dja vi giai cip vi tuoc nhung didu kien thong tri ciia nd chii khong phii la tidu diet nhihig ca nhin thudc giai cap tusan.
Hd Chi Minh da dl lgi mdt tim guong sing ngdi vd mdt nhi ehinh tn vi din, mdt vi linh tu eua nhin dan, thue sy gin dan, tin dan, coi trpng din, lang nghe y kiln cua din, cham lo ddn ddi sdng ciia dan. Ngudi ludn coi minh
"Nhu mpt ngu&i linh vdng mgnh linh qude ddn ra mat Iran". Vide giii quyet hii hda giiia dao diic chinh yi vdi each thiic hay nghd thuit hidn thuc hda cie myc tieu chinh yi la mgt gii tii ndi bat ciia nhin each chinh tri Hd Chi Minh. Trong dd, Ngudi ludn ty dgt minh d vi yi la day td, Ii edng bde cua dan, do vgy, mpi suy nghT v i hinh dpng chinh yj tir vide xic dinh myc tleu, din phuang phap va cich thiic thyc hidn deu liy quydn lgi, tinh mgng, tai sin cua dan lam co sd dd lua chgn. Ci Hd Chi Minh, tinh nhan van, nhan dgo ludn xuyen sudt tiong mue tidu va phuang thirc chinh tri, kd ca khi sir dung phuang thiic bgo lye. Bdi le, bgo lue chi dupe sir dyng sau mpi nd lye hda binh khdng dugc ddi phuong chip nhgn va cung chi nham mye dieh hda binh.
Tinh kien yi, bdn bi, tu giae yong tu dudng dao dire cieh mgng la mdt trong nhiing ydu td CO bin tgo ndn gia tii nhin cich cua vin hda chinh tri Hd Chi Minh. Ngudi la tam guong sing ngdi vd su cin eu, tilt kidm. Hem khiet va chinh true. Ngudi khdng ehi ty minh can cii, ma cdn ludn nhie nhd cin bg, ding vidn va nhan din phii cin cii dl khdng ngimg tien bp trong cdng tic, ddng gdp ngiy cing nhiiu cho sy nghiep khang ehidn, kiln qude.
Vdi tinh thin cin cii, vugt khd, Ngudi da lim nhieu cdng vide khic nhau dl song va dl hogt dpng each mang, ludn ty hpc, ty nghien ctru, khdng ngirng md rpng vdn kiln tiiirc va tieh luy kinh nghipm hogt ddng cich mgng.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC BAI HOC VAN LANG Biii Thj Thu Hien Cimg vdi cin kidm, tim guong vd su lidm
khidt la mdt bidu hidn tit ylu cua dgo diic Hd Chi Minh. Ngudi khdng tham tidn tii, dia vj, vinh hoa phu qu>', khdng bao gid ddi hdi dgc quyin, die lgi; ludn cdng minh, chinh true, ludn "DT cdng vi thugng", dit lgi ieh eua Ding, ciia din tde ldn ydn hit. Thu tudng Phgm Van Ddng la ngudi ed nhidu nim sdng va lira vide bdn cgnh Hd Chi Minh da khing dinh: "Hd Chii tieh khdng cd edi gi rieng. edi gi cua ddn la eua Nguai. Quyin lai tdi eao ciia nude, lgi ich hdng ngdy cua ddn. Id sir lo ldng hdng ngdy cua Ngiwi. Gia dinh ciia Ngu&i Id dgi gia dinh Viet Nam" [1, y.443]. Thyc t l da ehiing rainh, toan bp cuge ddi, su nghiep, tu tudng, tim guang dao diic Ho Chi Minh di thi hidn ro nhit nhan each chinh tij eiia Ngudi; c i cudc ddi thyc hinh can, kidm, lidm, ehinh, la tim guong tuyet vdi ciia su quang minh, ehinh dai, tit ca vi lgi ich ciia quoc gia, dan tde, vi uy tin eiia Dang, vi hanh phuc ciia nhan din.
3. l d : T LUAN
Gii tr\ nMn each trong vin hda ehinh yj Hd Chi Minh Ii the hipn d cie khia canh: Hd
Chi Minh ludn dl eao vai trd cua nhan din, trpng din, thin din, mgi suy nghT va hanh ddng each mgng ddu vi quyen lgi ciia din. Ddng thdi, d Hd Chi Minh chii trgng xiy dyng dgo dure ehinh tri. Ben cgnh do, Hd Chi Minh sudt ddi tu dudng dgo diic ehinh yj, ludn hii hda giiia dao diic ehinh yj vdi eich thiic dgt duge cic myc tieu chinh trj, ludn dat lgi ich ciia Ding, cua dan tpc ldn tren lgi ieh ea nhin. Xuyen sudt gii trj nhan cieh trong van hda chinh tri Hd Chi Minh la tinh thuang yeu con ngudi v i vi con ngudi, thd hien sy kl thua v i phit trien dao ly lim ngudi, ban chit nhan van trong dgo diic yuydn thong dan tde. Ldng nhan ii, vj tha, bao dung eiia Hd Chi Minh ddi vdi con ngudi dugc nang len thanh chii nghTa nhin dao cpng sin;
bieu hien thinh tinh thin quydt tim dau tranh vi sy nghidp giii phdng con ngudi, tri lai cho con ngudi nhung gii tij chin chinh. Tu tudng va nhin eich vT dai cua vin hda ehinh yj Hd Chi Minh mai raai la ngpn den soi sing, li dpng Iyc tinh thin to ldn thiic diy su nghidp cich mgng Viet Nam.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Trin Vin Giau (2011), Gid tri tinh thdn truyin thdng ciia ddn tpc Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, H i Npi.
[2] Ho Chi Minh (1993), Bien nien tiiu su, tip 1, Nxb Chinh tij Qudc gia. H i Ndi.
[3] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tip I, Nxb Chinh yi Qudc gia, H i Ngi.
[4] H i Chi Minh (2011), Todn tgp, tip 2, Nxb Chinh yi Qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
[5] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tap 4, Nxb Chinh yi Qude gia. H i Ngi.
[6] Ho Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tap 5, Nxb Chinh yi Qudc gia, Ha Npi.
[7] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tip 7, Nxb Chinh yi Qude gia. H i Ndi.
[8] Ho Chi Minh (2011), Todn tap, tap 8, Nxb Chinh y i Qudc gia. Ha Npi.
[9] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tgp, tgp 9, Nxb Chinh tii Qudc gia. Ha Ndi.
[10] Hd Chi Minh (2011), Todn tgp, tgp 12, Nxb Chinh tii Qude gia. Ha Ngi.
Ngay nhgn bii: 28-4-2020. Ngay bidn tip xong: 12-5-2020. Duypt ding: 24-7-2020
