E i r KHOA HOC - KY THUAT
TSVN 10(185) THU SAU 16 5 2014
Giai phap thu hut von dau tu^ phat trien nuoi thuy san Kien Giang den nam 2020
Thuy son Kien Giang la nganh kinh t§ thiiy son tong hop bao gom ca trong dflt lien, tren bien va hai dao. Do vgy, giai phap thu liijt von dau tu phdt trien nuoi trong thuy son la rat can thi§t trong viec thuc day nen kinh t§ cuo tinh phot trien trong thdi gian tdi.
Sir can thiet
Trong ca cau cac nginh kinh t l cua tinh Kidn Giang, thuy sin duoc xic dinh li mdt nginh kinh t l mQi nhon.
Trong thdi gian qua, hi$n nay vi cflng nhu trong tuong lai kinh t l thuy sin se ddng gdp mdt vai trd rat quan trpng trong vide phit triln ldnh t l tinh nhi.
Theo quy hoach tdng thi phit triln kinh t l - xi hpi tinh Kien Giang thdi ky din nam 2020; Quy hoach phit triln nudi trdng thuy sin (NTTS) ven bien, dao tinh giai doan 2011 - 2015 vi dinh hudng din nim 2020. Phin diu den nim 2020, tang ty trpng gii tri gia ting
So 16 m^t Irong nhung doi tupng rhiiy san liem nong ciJa Kien Giong Anh Thanh Nha
^ Bing 1: Di|n
Toan linh
TTniy
k h a c
T A i g d i ^ TSngtm
Tong dif n tifh Tang tnr&ng TomCN&BCN Tom (JCCT CA nUMiK. ao T&nglTuang C a ^ o CaloriK TiJTigiiifnlich
So
rex
Cua Khai n t i c h i^BQ
tich NTTS tinh Kiln Giang (2008 - 2012) 1
[Nguon: SaNNmNT Ken Giang)
! Dvt 2008 1 2009 2010 . 2011 ' 2012 ha 8125,'j 7H 426 • 81.726 8 4 . " 8 87 054 1 % I 3.35 1 -3.48 1 4.21 li.il i ~ 2 , 8 4 ~ 'ha T ' ^ ^ ^ f'-'l' T ""*H '••J'J i 1-361
ha J S J ( 2 ; • 77 590 8l),b46 83Ji05 85693 ha _ j 2(IL'09 '• ,11 l^i 2\ 970 Il"r)2'!4 | 2M77MJ 1 iJ.46 57.1J ' O.bS -52:i5 ' 'Si'.IJ
vi-i. - • _ - 7.'I44 8.2i4 j h i l l K ' l «'>'l_|_ Hhl! _ IIWI , I l)4:i i 1 (>MH 1 ha n~7.(>H7 ' ' i h i l SUfi ' 13.148 16 562 ha - . . , ha _ j .'i^llllj 1410 _ i r , 0 ^ 1100 KM 1 lia ' 2.^^^ 2550 1 rifi r. 1:!7 ha :iL' - 29 " 14 ha i 126 • 2.4:tH 7 448 10,409 ha ~' 4il 30 ' 15 150 hit 109.13 i l 9 ( i i 4 llMH^l 112.959 i:t2 1lll
% 5,12 9,77 -0.77 -4.99 14,69
ting gia tri ldm ngach xuat khau cua tinh; Dua Kidn Giang trd thanh mpt trong nhcng trung tim Idn vl khai thie, nudi trdng, chi bien va dich vy hiu can nghi c i cua vung DBSCL vi ei nude.
Die bilt, phit trien NTTS theo hudng da dang hda, phit triln bin vflng. Md rpng di|n tich nudi tdm theo hudng cdng nghiip vi bin cdng nghidp, nudi tdm kit hop trdng lua.
Dl dat duoc muc ti6u trdn, cin cd mpt ngudn Iflc tai chinh nhit dinh, tir dd tim ra cic gi^ phip thu hut vdn diu tu nham dip iing eho ylu cau phit triln ciia nganh NTTS trong thdi gian tdi, phat huy dupe cie tilm ning lgi thi cua minh dl diy nhanh tdc dd ting tnidng, gdp phin quan trpng vao vide hoin thanh cic chi tilu kinh t l - xi hdi ciia tinh.
Doi tiTdng va phirong phap nghien ctfu
Muc tiiu
Lam rO tilm nang lpi thi va thiic hang ve NTTS a tinh Kidn Giang. Dinh gia thuc trang thu hut vdn dau tu (vdn Nha nude, nhin dan, dau tir nude ngoai) cho vi|c phit diin NTTS d Kidn Giang. Dl xuit cic giii phip thu hiit vdn nham phit triln NTTS din nim 2020.
Phttangphdp
Nghiin cuu chu ylu SLE dyng nhflng phuong phip nghidn cuu sau: thu thip sd lidu thu cip, tir ca quan thdng kl.
Phuong phap so sinh, tdng hpp, thio luan vdi cic chuyin gia (cdng chiic hvc tilp) phuang phip lich sd', tdng hgp, dilu tra, khio sit.
Ddi tugng vd phgm vi
Ddi tupng: Li vdn diu tu cua ngin sich nha nude (NSNN), diu tir nude ngoai va dau tu cua nhin din cflng nhu viec thu hiit vdn cho phit triln thuy sin.
Phn-n vi: Luan vin nghidn cuu tinh hinh thu liut vdn dau tu cua NSNN. vdn
diu tu nude vi vdn dau tu aia nhin din ddi vdi sy phit triln thuy sin d tinh Ki&n Giang.
Ket qua nghien cifu va thao luan TTiac trgng phdt tnin NTTS Ktin Giang nhihig ndm qua
Tdng di|n tich NTTS tinh Kidn Giang lidn hic tang tu 109.151 ha nam 2008 Idn 163.761 ha nim 2012, dat tdc dd tang binh quin giai doan 2008 - 2012 li 4.76%/nim.
Tdng sin lugng NTTS Ki6n Giang Udn tue tang hi 103.417 tin nim 2008, ting len 126.981 tin nim 2012 vi dat tdc dp ting binh quin 6,7%/nim. Ca ciu ddi tugng nudi cd su thay ddi tu nim 2008 - 2012, tdm giim tir 46% xudng cdn
Nam 2013, dien nch lom nuoi nuoc lo cua Kien Giong doi BB 000 ha
KHOA HOC - KY THUAT
TSVN 10(185) THU SAU 16,5,2014
30S6, thuy san khac tang tu 21% l«n 23%, trong khi ca King din tu 33% l«n 47% vao nam 2012.
Kim ngjch xuit khdu thuy san 5 nam (2008 - 2012) cua Ki«n Giang dat 634.862 tri^u USD, ritag nam 2008, xuat khSu thuy san dat 108 trifu USD, chi^m 21% kim ngach xuat kMu ciia tinh; d^n nam 2012 xu5t khilu thiiy san Bang 2: Diln bien sin lugng NTI^ tinh Kien Giang
(2008 - 2012) {Nguon So NN5PTN1 K o Ginng) Danh muc
Tom
Ca
!
san khac
'
iTong T o i ^ Nang sudt Tong Ca ruony. J D . Ndng suat Ca long, veo Tdng Ngheu Hen bi^n So TCX Cua BaBH Trai n^uc Khac an lirong
Dvt 1 21MIM 2009 1 2010 lan
tan/ha lan
28-600 0,35
^ 1 151
31 207 34.737 0,40 \o,43 52 817 49.114 tan 3<)h7t. 111752 47 711 tail ha 196 1.28 149 tan
tiin
tan
Un tan tan
14.475 1 082 11 400 30.666 132 691 22.790 7.602
18 745 400
13.956 634 7.556 14 tan 15i^i^ 5 :,=i2 tan
vien tan i:iH t a n | l 0 3 41 115.67 97 807
2011 2012 39,764 40 290 0.4'l 1 0.46 62.035 t 59 671 46H44 ' 41515 1.16 1.44 14 52.'i 19327 29 706 4,800 16.526 8
23 671 3.607 12377 2 7i>j-- s^:-:o n'". 1(1(1 ^iiUOU 745 850 1 3 1 5 0 4 125.632
dat 157 tridu USD chidm 25,3% kim ng^ch xuit khiu cua tinh.
NTTS gdp phan tich cue trong vi^c phit tridn, tSng trudng kinh t^ cua tinh, giii quydt vide lim, gdp phin ting thu nhip, cii thidn ddi sdng nhin din, xda ddi giim ngheo d dia phuong, gdp phan thuc hidn cic tidu chi cua xa ndng thdn mdi.
Nhiing hgn chi
Tdc dp tang sin lugng vi gii tri san xuat thuy san ting nhanh nhung tinh b^n vong chua cao, di^n tich nudi tdm cdng nghiep eon thap so vdi toan tinh, phy thude nhidu vao thifen nhidn, di$n tich nudi manh mun, quy md hd gia dinh la chu ydu. H^ thdng ca sd h? ting thuy lgi phiic vy NTTS nhat li nudi tdm cdng nghidp chua ddng hd, din ddn ngudn nude cho NTTS chua dim bio.
Tinh trgng d nhi^m mdi tnrdng, nhit li mdi trudng nude inh hudng khdng nhd tdi di^n tich mat nude vi ngudn nude nudi trdng, v i ^ dau tu cho v i ^ xu li ngudn nude nudi chua nhi^u.
Thuc trgng thu hut vdn ddu tu NTTS Kien Giang nhiing ndm qua
Ngudn vdn dau tu cho phit tridn
Anh: An Song
NTTS trong thdi gian qua a tinh Kidn Giang di dugrc md rdng va da dgng hda, sd luong vdn duoc ting Idn ding k^.
Tdng vdn dau tu cho nginh NTTS giai doan 2008 - 2012 dat 2.038 ty ddng, trong dd vdn ngan sich Nhi nude la 673 ty ddng, chidm 33,02% ngudn vdn diu tu cho NTTS; vdn khu vyc ngoii nhi nude la 1255 tj' ddng, chi^m 61,58%; vdn nude ngoai li n o ty ddng, chidm 5,39%.
Tuy nhidn, nguon vdn trin la qui it so vdi nhu ciu vdn cho phit trien NTTS theo hudng cdng nghidp. Ngudn vdn hang nim ma nganh NTTS ein eho dau tu ve ca sd hg ting thiiy sin, gidng thiiy san va hiu cin thuy sin li hing ngin ty ddng, trong khi dd ngudn vdn chu ydn hidn nay dau tir eho NTTS li tir NSNN thi cdn hgn chd do ndn kinh t^ bi khung hoing, edn ngudn vdn ODA vi FDI hau nhu rit it, chu ydu li hgp tic nudi vi eh^ tie nggc trai.
Muc tiiu phdt tnen caa NTTS Kiin Giang
Phkt triin kinh te thuy sin toin dien, ben vttng theo hudng sin xuit hang hda.
Phit bidn NTTS theo hudng CNH - HDH vdi cie khiu dOt phi chinh li kdt cau hg tang nghd ca va td chijrc lgi sin xuat nganh thuy sin; ning cao chat luong, hiiu qua. Phit tri^n NTTS phii dam bio mdi quan h§ hdn nganh, lidn viing. Ning eao ning lyc, hi^u luc quin ly nha nude vd thuy sin d ^ rnig ydu ciu quin ly nganh theo chu6i gii tri sin pham.
Nhu cdu vdn cho NTTS Kiin Giang Tdng nhu ciu vdn dau tu phit tridn nganh NTTS tinh Kidn Giang thdi ky 2013 - 2020 khoang 43.339 ty ddng, trong dd giai dogn 2013 - 2015 khoing 14.892 ty ddng va giai dogn 2016 - 2020 khoing 28.447 ^ ddng. Ca ciu ngudn vdn: ngin sich 27%, thu hut tir cic thanh phin kinh te 73%.
Vdn dung dd xiy mdi va ning cap ca sd ha tang h^ thdng thuy lgi; ting cudng cho edng tic khuyen ngu, nghidn cijru, ling dung chuyin giao cdng nghd m<n, hd tra dao tgo lao ddng, xuc ti^n thuong mgi, phue hdi nghe huydn thdng, bao ve vi tii tao ngudn lgi thuy sin, trung tam sin xuat gidng chat lupng...
Ket luan
Trong nhtmg nam qua thyc hidn chu truang chuydn dich ca cau sin xuit ndng - lim - ngu nghidp sang ngu - nong - lim nghidp, tinh Kien Giang budc dau dat duoc nhi^u ket qua khi quan v^ mit san lugrng cdng nhu kim neach xuit I
^
KHOA H O C - K Y T H U A TBang 3: Kim ngach xuit khau tinh KiSn Giang (2008 • 2012)
(Nguon So f.e hrach f)ou f(/ vd So Cong thuong)
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Chi ti.'u T o n g k i m n g a c h Tflm d d n g Ca dflng M u c dflng Hki s a n dflng k h a c K h o c a c lo^t C a c o m siy N i n J c m a m Hiisankh^c
Donvi tmh OJSD)
1.000
1000 Ion (h^p)
Nam 2 0 0 8 1 2 0 0 9 1 0 8 . 9 0 0 2,578 4,109 6,116 4.000 150 525 200 500
9 7 , 7 7 4 3.051 4.287 10.542 1,987 95 413 75 1.000
2 0 1 0 1 1 6 , 5 3 8 4,805 3.647 10,627 3,016 111 419 217 11.000
2 0 1 1 1 5 4 , 6 5 0 3,440
2 0 1 2 ) 5 7 . 0 0 0
3,663 1,3X1 14,480 4.275 514 195 11,275
13.(XKJ 10,000
4(1(1
25,00U
Ttoi duot nuoj theo hmh thut tiec gion
• khau mat hang Ihuy san, Tuy nhien.
trong phat trien NTTS con nhieu biit cap nhu quy hoach NTTS chua theo kip yeu cau phai tnen; trong do von la uiQt trong nhong yeu td quan trgng nhit Theo dd, cin ning cao khi ning thu hut vdn diu hr phit tri^n NTTS la mdt trong nhung giii phip cip thi^t.
Hodn thiin quy hoach phdt triin NTTS
Can lip va hoin thi^n quy hogch trong phit bi^n NTTS, dd duoc xem li cdng cy dinh hudng phit trien khdng gian cua Nha nude ddi vdi hoat ddng dau hr trong nudi trdng. Chit lugng quy hogeh vi ky lugt thyc thi quy hogeh inh hudng rit Idn ddn chit lugng cua diu tu.
Hodn thiin cde chinh sdch thu hut. sw
dung vdn dau tu phdt tnin NTTS Ihu nhat, on dinh va xiy dung chinh saeh thue hop ly Su on dinh ciia he thong thu^ la dieu kien quan trong dn dinh mdi dTidng dau tu kinh doanh, hgn chd vi§c sua ddi bd sung timg sic thud mdt cich thudng xuydn, dim bio d^
cic th^ nhin vi phip nhin lya chyn kinh doanh vi quy^t dinh dau tu.
Thu hai, day mgnh cai cich hinh chinh siu rdng: Tidp h^c ri soil cic thu hjc hanh chinh trin ckc linh vuc thugc thim quydn quin ly, die bidt li trong cdng tic quin ly dit dai, quin ly dau tu xiy dyng, quan ly kinh doanh vi h-ong giai quy^t cac nhu ciu, quy^n Ipi chmh ding cua ngudi din. Trdn ea sd dd sua ddi, bd -^ung hoac ki^n nghi cip cd tham quy^n sua ddi, bd sung, bai bd kip thdi.
I h u ba, chinh sich tai chinh - tin dyng:
Nuoi tioi lay ngpclo mot tiong nhung the manh dJa tirh Ken Giong
Nhi nude diu tu ca sd hg ting nhu kdnh, muong, giao thdng, ti^ii gidng, cic trgm ki^m dinh dich b^nh, thdng tin thi tnidrng, xiic tidn thuong mgi; md rdng di^u k i ^ tidp cin vdn, tai sin dim bio, ddi tugng diu tu, thii tyc vay vdn, cd chinh sich lii su^ thich hgp.
Thu tu, ehinh sich phit tri^n kdt ciu hg ting kinh ti: cin diy manh xiy dyng kdt ciu hg tang ddng bd. Tip tiling diu tu diing mirc kdt c3u hg tang ky thujt, tao di^u ki^n Ihuin lgi dip iing ydu c ^ cua nhi diu hr, ddng thdd chti b^ng t^o lip mdi tnrdng kinh td - xa hgi.
KHOA HOC - KY THUAT ^
Thu hiit vdn ngdn sdch nhd nu&c vd tin diftig tru ddi
Thii nhat, tip tnmg dau tu phit tri^n kinh td dd thu ngin sich; Thii hai, thyc hi^n tdt chu truang ti^t Id^m vi chdng lang phi; Thir ba, bd tri ca ciu chi NSNN hgp ly, dim bio tdc dd ting ehi cho dau tu phit tridn phai cao hon tdc do ting chi sy nghidp kinh t^ - xi hpi;
TTiii tu, phit huy tidm ning vdn ed tu cic ngudn tii nguydn qudc gia va tai sin cdng khic dang hi bd phi; Thii nim, tranh thii tdi da ngudn vdn Trung irong
Bang 4 Co'cdu vdn ddu tw phdt trim ngdnh NTTS tinh Kien Giang Dan in: ty dong
(Nguon So NNSPTNI Kien Ginng vo Nioo giom thong ke Kien Giong) 1 Chi tieu
Tong dau tu nuoi trong thiiy Vim khu vuc nha lufac Vu!i khit wic ntiodi nha nuoc V6n niKJc ngoai
Nam 2008
248,5 78,5 120,0
2009 233,0 88.0 145.0 50,0 1-
2010 273,0 93.0 180,0
2011 298,5 90,5 208,0
2012 2008-2012 985.0 1 2.038.0 ,;L':;,n ii7:;.{) I<i2,n 1 _'.V.,l) 1 60,0 1 110,0
Bdng 5: Nhu cdu vdn ddu tifphdt trim NTTS Kim Giang (2013 - 2020) (Nguon Quy hooih thuy snn Kien Giong d§n ram 2020 • So NNSPTNl Kien Gioog)
S » 1 2 3 4
*
-
Danh muc Gia tn tang tll&m (VA) H^ so ICOR chung T6ng nhu cau von Nguon von Ngan saeh Trung uong Dia phuong
Huv dong cac tiianh phan Cocau nguon von Ngan saeh Trung uong Dia phuong
Huy dong cac thanh phan Dvt ly d6ng
tj/Aimg tydong nt
«(
nt nt%
nt nt nt ntGiai doan 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 5 2.629 5,4 14.892
4.422 1.326 3.096 10.470 100%
30)1 30%
70%
70*
2 0 1 6 - 2 0 2 0 5.470 5,2 2 8 . 4 4 7
5 667 1.983 3.684 17.002 100%
25%
35%
65%
75%
Thoiky 2013-2020 8300 5,3 43.339
10 089 3.309 6.780 27.472 100%
27%
33%
67%
73%
ho tro de tnen khai thuc hi^n cac (.•hirotig tnnh. du an trong diem NTTS;
Huy dong von dau tu phdt tnen tir cac doanh nghiep va tir nbdn trong ntr&c Cati ra soat, dicu chinh, ban hanh chiEih saeh uu dai, khuyen khich dau tu doi vol moi loai hinh doanh nghiep ngoai quoc doanh trt^n dia ban tmh, ke ea trong va ngoai nuoc theo huong hoan thien hon
Huy ddng van ddu tir phat tnen tir ddn cu
Khi ma ngudn vdn tu Ngan saeh Nha nude cdn ban h?p thi vdn trong din cu dugc xem li ngudn vdn khi thi nhit trong giai dogn hi^n nay. Ngudn vdn trong din cu li rat Idn va rat tidm ning, siic mua trong din cu tren dia bin Unh Kidn Giang edn khi Idn, di^u quan trgng nhat li phii cd ca che thu gom eic ngudn vdn dang phin tin niy d^
diu tu tap trung.
Cdc gidi phdp thu hiit vdn ddu tu nu&c ngodi
Thii nhit, ein hoin thidn ca ch^, chinh saeh, khuydn khich FDI vao cic nginh chd bi^n thuy san, sin xuit thuc in, die bidt la nudi va che tic nggc trai;
'Iliir hai, Can thirc hien nghieni tuc conjf tac quan ly hanh chinh theo ca che "mot ciia" tn>n cac linh vuc. Thir ba, tao mt'n truong thuan loi de tranh thu.
khai thac cac du an cua cac td chiic phi chmh phli, khuyen khich ho dau tu xay dung cac cdng trinh co ket cau ha tang CO quy mo vua va nh(i
ThS. NGUYEN ANH KHOA
Tiii li^u tham khao:
1 Nguyen Von Be (200/), Gioi phdp ve von dou lu cho phot hm nuoi tiong thuy son o tinh Cn Mou, loan von thot si ldi liMh - Mgiit boeg, liUHg Bgt hfc M te l l m t i phi Ho Chi Wok
2. Phan VBn Phoi (2013), U u hiJl vSn dou tU ii phdt trin du lich th Giong ika ndm 2020, luSn von tfift si QuiR rrj kinh doanh. Truing Ogi hpc Hha Tmng.
3. NguvSn Ihonh PhMng, Tiin Ngw Hdi, Duong Nhijl king (2009), Gido Hinh nuBi (ring Ihjjy son, TniSng Bgi hqc C3n Tho.
4. Phqm Xudn Thuy (2001), Quan ly kinh t^ d6ng dio ngdnh nuoi ticing Ihuy sdn, Dgi hqc Nhn Tiong.
5. M n g Hieu Tmng (2011), Thu hul von dou lu phdt tnin Iflm nghifp Kon Tum, hiQn vdn Ihgc si IQnh te, Tiudng figi hgc f)d NSng.
6. Nguyen Vdn Tuan (2005), Sou tu Infc ti^p nude ngndi vdt phdt triln kinh t^ a Vi§l Hotn, Nhd xuji hdn Tu phdp, Hd N$i.
