NGHIEN c u u
SESEARCH
Giai phap thu hut von dau tu cua tinh Binh Dinh giai doan 2011-2015
ThS.Nguygn Thi Thanh Tta Vien Nghidn ctru Phat trien Kinh \& Xa hoi Binh Dinh
Tdm tdt: Bdi bdo he thdng hda vd phdn tieh thyc frang tinh hinh thu hut vdn dau tu vdo dia bdn tinh Binh Dinh giai doan 2011 — 2015 qua ede ehi tieu vdn dau tu, eo cau ngdnh nghd dau tu, so lugng du dn ddu tu cua eac thdnh phan kinh td, nhdt la dau tu FDI vd true tidp nude ngodi. Qua trinh bdy thyc frang, tde gid ehi ra nhiing thdnh tyu dd dupe dupe cung nhu nhflng vudng mac, ton tai frong boat dOng thu hut ddu tu giai doan 2011 — 2015, ddng thdi de xudt mOt so gidi phap dinh hudng cung nhu chi tidt dd ndng cao hieu qud thu hflt ddu tu yong tuong lai.
Tir khda: Thu hflt dau tu, Binh Dinh, gidi phap dinh hudng, FDI.
1. Gliri thieu
Trong qua hinh phat tridn kinh td - xd hOi, thu hflt vOn ddu tu Id myc Ueu giu vai trd quan tipng de thu hflt ngudn lye edn thidt de thfle day qud trinh xdy dyng vd phdt tridn cfla mpt qude gia hay dja phuong. Do vdy, viee nghien eflu tiiu hflt ddu tu vdo khu vye du an cung nhu dia ban tinh vd vflng Idn cdn tiong tuong lai Id het sflc quan ypng vd cdn thidt frong mdi quan he tOng thd vdi tdc dOng kinh td - xd hOi cua Dy dn.
Nghien eflu duge thuc hidn nhdm phdc hoa "buc tranh" tiiu hut ddu tu frong giai dogn 2011 — 2015 vd dy bdo nhung thay ddi yong thu hflt dau tu khi Dy dn duge hidn khai xdy dyng (giai doan 2017 - 2021) vd khi chinh Uiuc van hdnh sdn xudt (giai doan 2022 - 2030).
Tren so sd dd, dua ra mdt s6 gidi phdp ndng eao hieu qud thu hut ddu tu yong tuong lai.
Dd ddnh gid thye frcuig vd dd xuat gidi phdp thu hut vdn dau hr nude ngoai d Binh Dinh, nghien cuu nay chfl ydu sfl dung phuong phdp thdng ke, mP hinh hda dd danh gia xu hudng tang giam cua ttiu hut ddu tu cfla tinh yong giai doan 2011 - 2015. Tfl dd, danh gid khdeh quan ket qud hoat dpng ttiu hflt dau tu hong giai doan Uude khi dy an duge hien khai.
2. Thuc trang thu hut vdn dau hr cua ti'nh Binh Djnh hr 2011-2015
Trong qud hinh phdt hidn kinh te - xa hOi, ttiu hflt vdn dau hi Id muc tieu giu vai hd quan hgng de ttiu hut ngudn lye edn ttiiet dd ttiue ddy qud hinh xdy dyng vd phdt yidn efla mOt quOc gia hay dja phuong. Ddi vdi tinh Binh Djnh — dja phuong ttiuOc khu vuc duyen hdi Nam Trung BO va nam frong Vflng kinh td frong didm midn Tmng, ttiu hut vdn ddu tu ludn duoc Ddng bp va ehinh quydn Unh dae biet quan tam de phdt tridn dja phuong frong giai doan vua qua, hien nay vd tuong lai.
Theo sd lieu Uidng ke giai doan 2011 — 2014, tdng
vOn ddu tu tren dja bdn ed ty le tdng ndm sau eao hon ndm trudc ed d 3 khu vuc kinh td. 0 khu vyc kinh td nhd nude, vdi nhidu ngudn ddu tu, vdn ddu tu nam 2011 khodng 3.614 ty thi ddn ndm 2014 Id 6.741 ty. Ddi vdi khu vyc ngodi nhd nude ed Iupng vdn dau tu nhanh qua hdng ndm, ndm 2011 Id 10.127 ty, ndm 2012 Id 11.888 ty vd ndm 2013 Id 13.754, tdng lOn 15.816 ty vdo nam 2014. Tuy nhien, dang Io ngai khi vdn dau tu thupc khu vye ddu tu trye tidp cfla nude ngoai giam manh tfl 1.248 ty ddng ndm 2013 xudng 396 ty dOng ndm 2014 (Bdng 1).
BAn(l:V^ilAuhilTJnd|iibAntkibph^llKok)ni vvtMitfi (It ddnn iheo gia Men hinhl Kfau \'uc nhi D U ^
Khu vuc araii nhi nuoc Khu vuc Shi ni Dvc t i ^ amic niioii
(Neaia ZOll 3.614 10127 108 NlinglAini
2012 4 879 11.888 137
ti (IHI do^n
13.754 1.248 HdngUlbthBMtDUih)
2D1I-2014
11 816
aw vd CO cau vOn ddu tu efla tinh; Ngudn vOn khu vyc nha nude ehidm khoang IA tdng ngudn vdn, khu vyc ngodi nhd nude ehidm da sd vdi ty le dao ddng tu 70
— 73%, cdn lai Id khu vye ddu tu trye tidp nude ngoai, tang nhe trong nam 2013 (khoang 0.6%), tuy nhien gidm m^nh 4.6% vdn ddu hi efla ndm 2014 so vdi 2013.
Vd ddu tu trye tiep nude ngodi, frong giai dotin 2011
— 2014 Binh Dinh dd ttiu hflt binh qudn 8 - 10 dy dn/ndm, nguOn von dau tu ddng ky vd thye hien tdng nhanh. Ddn ndm 2014, ttieo sd lidu UBND tinh, dd cdp giay chflng nhdn ddu tu eho 9 dy dn, vdi tOng vOn ddng ky hdn 141,5 hieu USD. Ndng tong sd dy dn tren dia bdn Unh cd 65 dy dn FDI vdi tdng vOn ddng ky Id 1.895,2 trieu USD. Ve ngdnh nghd ddu tu: linh vyc ndng - Idm - ngu nghiep cd 6 dy dn (tOng vOn ddng ky 35 tridu USD); cdng nghiep - xdy dyng ed 33 dy dn (tdng vOn ddng ky 1.258,9 hidu USD); bdn budn, bdn Id, sfla ehfla 0 tO, md td, xe mdy, vd xe ed dOng ca khde cd 10 du dn (tdng vdn dang ky 36,3 hidu USD);
djeh vy luu trfl vd dn uong ed 6 dy dn (tOng vdn ddng ky 393,4 tridu USD). Ben eanh ngudn vdn ddu tu tn/e
70
H OUCIMQ ( T M A H Q S /tidp, Binh Djnh eOn cd 21 dy dn dugc ddu tu bdng ngudn ddu tu phdt tridn chinh thfle (ODA) dang tiiyc hien, vdi tdng mflc vdn cam kdt 281,44 hidu USD (Bdng 2).
BinR 2 : D^n tir trvc t l ^ nvfrc n s o i l S6 tutmg dv ^
V6n ding kj- (tri^u USD) Von t l i ^ h i ^ (tnfu USD)
2011 10
<S0.3
xcn dl> b i n tinli, 2011-2014 2012
7 29 4 21.83
2013 8 1.030,4
41.31 2014
9 141,5 55,95 (WguiJn • Nlin gidm thdng kS itiih Binh Dinhj
3. Thuc trang thu hut dau tu van l(hu kinh te, khu - cum coiig nghiep tren dja han tinh Binh Djnh
Trong nhflng ndm gdn ddy, Binh Dinh dd tidn hdnh xdy dyng vd phdt hien cdc khu kinh td vd khu cdng nghiep tren dia ban nhdm thu hflt lugng dau tu efla cdc thdnh phan kinh td.
Khu kinh td Nhon Hdi tinh ddn gifla ndm 2015 ed 36 dy an ddng ky ddu tu vOi tOng vOn ddng ky khodng 30.616 ty dOng, vdn dau hi ttiye hien dat khoang 3.705 ty dOng, trong dO, 08 du dn cd vdn dau tu trye tidp nuoc ngodi vdi tdng vdn ddng ky dau tu 508,6 tripu USD (chidm 29,75% tdng vOn ddng ky). Ddc biet, Khu Wnh td Nhon HOi cflng ehinh Id dia diem thye hien dy an TO hpp Ipc hoa dau Victory vdi tdng vdn ddng ky gdn 22 ty USD do Tdp dodn Ddu khi Thdi Lan ddu tu.
Khu cdng nghiep: Hien nay, yen dia bdn Unh cd 3 khu cdng nghiep dang hogt dOng la Phfl Tai, Long My, Nhon Hda vdi tdng 219 dy an ddu tu vdi 181 doanh nghiep dugc cdp gidy chflng nhan ddu tu vdi tOng vdn dau tu khodng 29.684 ty ddng. Trong dd, 13 dy dn ed vdn ddu tu trye Udp nude ngodi vdi tdng vdn dau tu 1.083,575 trieu USD (22.632 ty ddng).
Cum cdng nghiep: Tinh ddn cudi ndm 2014, tren dja bdn tinh ed tdng sd 38 cym edng nghiep di vdo hoat dOng, thu hut dupe hon 730 doanh nghiep, eo sd sdn xudt vfla vd nhd ddu tu nhd xudng sdn xudt kinh doanh, vdi dien Ueb khodng 400 ha. Tuy nhien, do nhidu ydu td khdeh quan Ian chu quan nen hien nay cdc doanh nghiep, eo sd sdn xudt trong cum edng nghiep gdp rdt nhidu khd khdn (nhat Id thj tniong tieu tiiy sdn pham va vdn boat ddng). Chi ed mOt sO it cde doanh nghiep hoat ddng trong nganh may mdc dat hidu qua tuong ddi nhu cde don vi thdnh vien efla TOng Cty CP May Nha Be.
Nhin ehung, vdi sy nd lyc cua tinh frong thu hut dau tu dd phat tridn kinh td - xd hdi frong giai doan viia qua eho thdy Binh Djnh dang tren dd tdng truong nhanh, dn dinh vd Id "didm sang" frong thu hut dau tu.
Khu vye kinh td ngodi nhd nude cd ty Id ddng gdp tdng hang nam, chidm 1/3 tdng ngudn ttiu vao nam 2014.
Ty le ddng gdp eua khu vye ed vdn ddu tu nude ngodi cflng tdng tfl 1% ndm 2010 len 3% vdo ndm 2014, du kidn ty le ndy edn tdng nhanh hong nhung nam tiep theo khi cdc dy dn ddu tu phdt huy vd di vdo boat dOng eac du dn Idn.
3. De xuat giai phap
TrOn CO sd phdn tieh thye trang Uiu hut ddu tu tinh Bmh Dinh trong giai doan 2011 — 2015, de ndng cao hidu qua thu hflt trong giai doan sdp tdi edn thue hien mdt sd gidi phdp cdn bdn nhu sau:
- Trong giai dogn trudc mat, can edi thien nang lyc canh tranh vd mdi trudng ddu tu cua tinh theo hudng day manh cai each thfl tuc hdnh chinh, gidm ehi phi hdnh ehinh, bdo ddm edng khai, minh bach vd ndng cao frdeh nhidm eua cdc co quan hdnh chinh nhd nude. Thdng qua don gidn, rflt ngdn thdi gian cdp phep, gidy chflng nhdn ddu tu... cflng nhu hO fro vd gidi toa dat dai, ha tdng co sd dd doanh nghiep sdm tridn khai thue hien dy dn vd hogt dOng sdn xudt kinh doanh tren dja bdn tinh. Ddng thdi, eung ed budc rd soat djnh ky dd Uiu hOi gidy phep ddu tu, giay phep kinh doanh vdi doanh nghiep chdm trd khdng tridn khai dy an.
- Tidp tye ehi dao ra sodt edc co chd chinh sdch bidn eO, bd sung mOt sO co ehd, ehinh sdch thu hflt ddu tu mdi dd thu hflt nhd dau tu. Nghien eflu xdy dung mdt sd ehinh sdch mdi phfl hop vdi dde diem, tinh hinh ridng efla Unh Binh Dinh.
- Xay dung quy trinh, ho so va thfl tue trong eae Iinh vye: Thue, xudt nhap khdu, hdi quan va thPng quan hdng hda xudt khau, nhap khau cho doanh nghiep theo hudng gpn nhe, iiien dai vd ddp flng thdng le qudc td.
- Ddy manh cdng tdc xflc tidn ddu tu, xdy dyng chidn luge ddu tu theo dinh hudng xuat khdu va chuong trinh xue Udn thj trudng xudt khdu. Xdy dyng CO ehe thdng tin nhanh, cdng khai vd ho trg den nhd dau tu. Xdy dyng kd hoaeh td ehue ede dgt hdi thdo, tridn Idm... de keu gpi ddu tu frong nude vd qude td.
Nhanh chdng xdy dyng chidn lupe xflc tien dau tu, quang bd tiem ndng cfla Unh, da dyng hda cdc phuong thfle xiic tidn ddu tu, day manh cdc ho^t dpng tiep thj hinh anh (marketUng dja phuong) vd Vung Kinh td hpng diem mien Tmng ndi chung va tinh Binh Djnh noi rieng.
- Ddy manh thu hflt cdc nguon vd'n tdp tmng dau tu xdy dyng he thdng kdt cdu ha tang, giao thdng eae khu, cum cdng nghiep, ddm bao thudn Ipi cho hoat dpng sdn xuat, kinh doanh khi nha dau hi tridn khai boat dpng.Trong dd, tdp tmng dau tu mdt sd edng trinh CO mue dO dnh hudng Idn den phdt tridn kinh td - xd hOi cfla tinh. Ddy nhanh tidn dO xdy dyng ha tdng Khu kinh td Nhon Hdi, Khu ePng nghidp Nhon Hoa (giai doan 2), Khu eOng nghiep Hda Hdi, Khu edng nghiep Cdt Trinh. Tap hung ehi dao gidi quydt dflt didm khau giai phdng mat bdng cdc dy dn du Ijch ypng diem d Hdi Giang, Vinh Hdi...
- Tidn hdnh rd sodt vd dieu chinh Quy hoaeh kinh te - xa hdi cfla tinh ddn 2020 va djnh hudng 2030. Vdi qucui didm ddm bdo sy dong bd vd thdi gian, khOng
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NGHIEN c u u gian va phu hpp gifla edc quy ho^ch nganh, sdn phdm vdi quy ho^ch tdng Uie phdt trien kinh td - xa hdi cua tinh.
- Ndng eao chdt lugng dao t^o nguon nhdn lye ddp ling nhu cdu thj trudng lao dOng; khuyen khieh mgi tiidnh phdn kinh td Uiam gia ddo tao nghd, nhdt la hinh thiie ddo tao nghd theo don ddt hdng efla doanh nghiep, nhd ddu tu; ddy manh boat ddng dich vy gidi thidu viec Idm, xuat khdu lao dOng.
- Dd ddp flng dupe nhu edu vdn ddu hi, phdi ed cdc giai phdp huy ddng vdn nhdm ddy m^nh da dang hda ddu tu, ed co chd hgp ly hong huy dOng vd su dyng cd hieu qud ngudn vdn tu quy ddL Khuydn khich thu hflt vOn ddu tu hi cdc thdnh phdn kinh td ngodi nhd nude nhdt la hinh thfle dau tu thoe phuong thfle ddi tdc cdng tu (PPP) va vdn ddu tu nuoc ngodi.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Thfl hidng Chinh phu, Quydt dinh sd 54/2009/QD- TTg ngdy 14/4/2009, Quy ho?ich tdng ttid phdt hidn kinh td - xd hdi tinh Binh Djnh ddn ndm 2020.
2. Ban Qudn ly khu kmh td tinh Binh Djnh, Bdo cdo tinh hinh ttiye hidn nhiem vy ygng tdm Phdng Qudn ly dau hi 6 ttidng dau ndm 2015 vd kd hoah 6 ttidng cuOi nam 2015.
3. Sd Ke hoaeh vd ddu tu, Bdo cdo tdng hgp quy bo^ch tdng ttid phdt trien kinh td - xa hdi tinh Binh Djnh ddn ndm 2020, Sd Kd bo^cb vd Ddu hi Binh Djnh.
4. UBND tinh Binh Djnh, Bdo cdo tong kdt tinh hinh kinh td - xd hOi ndm 2014 vd nhidm vy hpng tdm 2015.
5. Cyc Thdng ke Binh Djnh, Nien gidm thong ke cdc ndm 2005 ddn 2014, NXB Thdng kd.
6. PCI Vietnam, The Provincial Competitiveness (PCI) Report for the Year 2010, httpy/pcivietiiam.org/taiUeu/2014_PCI_Report_finaI.pd f, 1014.
Nhan dien tmng tam chi phi trong cac doanh nghidp..
Tiep theo trang 77
Trung tdm chi phi tO chfle d edp phdng ban: Cde tmdng phdng chiu trdeh nhiem cao nhat trudc TOng gidm ddc, gidm dde doanh nghidp. Chi phi phat sinh tai edc phdng ban gdm 2 phan: Phdn chi phi phdt sinh trye tiep t^ phOng ban vd phdn chi phi do bO phdn qudn Iy cdp tren phan bdxuOng.
Cdc tmng tdm chi phi dupe xay dyng phfl hgp vdi eo cdu td chuc vd phan cdp phan qi^dn efla cae doanh nghidp. Tuy nhien ddy ehi Id bO khung vd nhdn sy cOn nOi dung dd ddnh gid ydch nhidm cung nhu kidm sodt hieu qud tmng tdm chi phi edn phdi ed he thOng chi tieu vd cde phuong phdp ddnh gid. Cde tmng tdm ehi phi xdy dyng edc chi tieu cung edp thdng tin nhdm ddnh gia trach nhidm quan ly va sfl dyng chi phi tai bO phan, don vj cd phat sinh ehi phi nhdm dam bao
/ ^ KINH Tt C H A U A - THAI B I N H OLKTMD rTHANQ 5 / ZO 1 6)
nguydn tdc Idem sodt duge eua ede nhd qudn tri cap eao nhdt efla trung tdm dd. Dong thdi thdng qua cac ehi tieu giflp ede nhd qudn tri cd eo sd xem xet vd ed bidn phdp tidt kidm chi phi nhdm tOi Uiidu hda chi phi.
Viec xac dinh dflng cac trung tam chi phi sd Id co sd cho vide tO chuc cdng tdc kd todn qudn tq chi phi dd theo ddi dugc chi phi phat sinh t£ii tflng trung tam, Ui dd xac djnh dflng gia phi efla hing san phdm md nha qudn tri mong muOny.
