NGHIEN ClTU VE THAN SAC
QUA CVM T H A N S A C d DINH LANG VAN NQI (PHU LU'ONG - HA DONG - HA N Q I )
NGUYEN HtJtJMtll'*'
1. Dat van de
Than sdc \k loai hinh van ban viet bang chtt Hdn, co gid tri trong kho tang di san Hdn Nom 6 nuoc ta. Than sic thufmg dugc Imi giu' 6 dinh, din, mi^u cua nguoi Vi?t, d^c bifit la a vimg dong bang Bac BO va BSc Trung Bp. T^i Vi$n Nghien ciiu Han Nom hifin nay con luu gift dugfc "phong" Th4n sac nhieu den vai nghm d?K), do Trucmg Vien dong Bac Co (EFEO) SUU tiim trudc Cach mang thang 8.1945, mang ky hieu AD"*. Cho dfin nay da c6 khd nhifiu bai viet va cong trinh dh c^p dfin Thdn sdc*^'. Bai viet sau day la nhftng nghifin ciiu buoc ddu cua chiing toi ve Thdn sdc, tap trung chu yfiu vao khia canh vdn bdn hpc, sau do neu mpt so gid tri tu lieu do Than sac cung cdp.
2.,Nguon tai li^u
Nguon tai lieu nghifin cuu vfi Than sdc dung trong bai viet tap trung vao mpt difim dupc xem la trung tam cua vung ddng bdng Bdc Bp hien nay: Dinh Idng van N0i phucmg Phii Luong qu?n Hd Dong thdnh ph6 Ha Npi. Ly do chpn ddy lam dia di^m nghifin cuu vi dinh
lang van Npi hifin luu gift ban goc cua 32 dao Thdn sdc, chdt lupng con tot, khong dnh huong den nghifin cftu. D6 Id 26 dao sdc ciia triiu Lfi Trung hung, 01 dao trifiu Tay Sam (gpi chung la sdc the ky XVII - XVIII) va 05 dsio Thdn sdc trifiu Nguyen (sdc thfi ky XIX). Dieu ndy thudn lpi cho nghien cftu bdi mot mat giftp chftng toi tifip xftc tr\rc tiep vdi nguyfin bdn, vd m§t khac bao qudt cd mpt giai doan dupc cac trieu vua thudng xuyfin ban cap Thdn sdc cho bach thdn, trong d6 co lang Vdn Npi. Hon nua, cd 32 dao Thin sdc hifin con cua lang Van Npi chi ban cap cho mot vi thdn cua Idng CO ten hifiu la Ddng Xd :^ ^i. Nhu the cung giup chiing t6i dfi kiem soat thong tin ve mpt vi than dupc thd d ddy ton tai trong khoang thdi gian 303 ndm'^'.
3. Hinb thirc vdn ban
Kich cd cua 32 d^o Thin sdc d dinh lang Van Npi co chifiu ddi dao dpng tft 105 - 120cm, chilu rpng tft 47 - 52cm.
Mau sdc cua cac dao sac khdc nhau: Cdc dao sac d giai doan ddu tu d^o sd 1, nifin
* * ' T S . Vi?n Nghifin cftu Han Nom 31
T4P CHl HAN N6M SO 4 (131) - 2015 NGUYiN H&UMOI
dai VTnh To thft 3 (1621) thupc loai cd nhdt ma ddn lang cdn gift dupc, den dao sdc s6 20, nien dai Vinh Thinh thft 6 (1710) CO mdu vang chanh; tu dao sdc sd 21, nifin dai VTnh Khanh thft 2 (1730) din dao sdc sd 28, nien dai Canh Thinh thft 4 (1796) cd mau vdng sam. 5 dao con lai mang nifin dai thdi Nguyfin co mdu vang nhat va mdu canh gidn.
Giiy vifit sdc dung bang giay chuyen dung do trifiu dinh dat'"*', cd dp ddy mong khac nhau: Giay d giai doan ddu mdng, cdng vfi sau dp day cang dupc ndng Ifin, ddy nhdt van la 5 d^o sac dudi thdi Nguyen.
Hoa van trang tri tren 32 dao sdc gom nhifiu hpa tifit khdc nhau, trong do
hinh rdng Id chii dao va that sir r6 nfit bit ddu tft dao sic so 21, mang nien d^i Vinh Khdnh thft 2 (1730). 5 dgo sic thdi Nguyen diu co hinh rdng ndi bat.
Vdn tv vifit sic Id chu Hdn, theo thl Le thu, vifit tren mpt mat cfta td giiy viet sic, chu vifit theo cot dpc, tft tren xuong dudi, tft phai qua trdi, vdi sd cpt nhifiu it tuy thupc sd lupng chft cua tftng dao. Chft Le d ddy thudc cac dao sic the ky XVII - XVIII, ndi chung vilt bay budm, cdn 5 dao dudi thl ky XDC, vilt ngang ngay so thing, hra nhu chft khic in m^c ban.
4. Quy each trinh bay vdn ban + Vifit ddi
Vifit dai xudt hifin trong tdt cd 32 d^o sdc cua lang Van Npi. Cu thl nhu sau:
Stt Dgo so 1 D90 so 2 D90 s6 3 D90 SEA D90 so 5 D90 so 6 D(io so 7 Dgo so 8 D90 so 9 D90S0 10 Dgo so 11
D90S612
Dgo so 13
Nien dai VTnh TQ 3 (1621) VTnh TQ 6 (1624) VTnh Tg 8 (1626) VTnh Tp 9 (1627) Due Long 1 (1629) Due Long 5 (1633) Due Lens 6 (1634) Duong Hoa 3 (1637) Duong Hoa 5 (1639) Duong Hoa 8 (1642) PhueThai3(1645)
Phuc Thai 5 (1647)
PhucThai7(1649)
Ch& viet ddi / Vi tri Sdc | * " ' d 6 n g l
+ + + + + + + + Sac |A dong 1; Duong f^ dong 14
Sdc M dong 1; Vuong i dong 8; Phuc ^ dong 13 Sdc M dong 1; Vuang i dong 7; Thien A dong 8 ; Phuc ^ dong 14 Sdcthdniffi ^ dong 1;
Hodng thien ^ :^ dong 6;
Vuong gia i % dong 7;
Quy cdch vilt Vifit nho eao 1 chiJ (so vdi cde chO' dong hang ngang hfin cgnh)
+
4.
+ + + + + + Ca 2 chft viet deu nho cao 1 ch&
Dfiu vifit nho cao I chO
Dfiu vifit nhd cao I chft 4 cdp chft: Sdc ttidn, Hodng thien, Vuang gia, Hodng do: viet nhd 32
NGHIEN Ciai VE THAN SAC QUA CVM THAN SAC.
Dgo so 14 Dgo so 15
Dgos6 16
Dgo so 17
Dgo so 18
Dgo so 19
Dgo so 20
Dgo so 21
Dgo s6 22
Dgo so 23
Khdnh Due 4 (1652) Thinh Dftc 3 (1655)
Thjnh Due 4 (1656)
Canh Trj 8 (1670)
DuangDftc3(1674)
Chinh Hda 4 (1683)
VTnh Thjnh 6 (1710)
VTnh Khanh 2 (1730)
Canh Hung 1 (1740)
Cdnh Hung 28 (1767)
Hodng dd M. S dong 8;
Phuc ^ dbng 13 SSc i^ ddng 1; Vuong i dong 8; Thiin ^ dong 9 Sdc M dong 1; Vuang i ddng 6; Thinh ^ dong 13 Sdc ^ dong 1; HodngM.
ddng 1; Vuong i ddng 8; Sdc ^ dong 14;
Thinh ^ ddng 15 Sac M ddng 1; Hodng M.
,d6ng 8; Vuong i ddng 9;COT7;i:S-d6ngl6 Sdc M ddng 1; Hodng
^ ddng 8; Vuong i ddng 9; Sdc ^ ddng 14;
Duang ^ dong 15 Sdc itfJ ddng 1; Hudn M dong 8; Vuang i ddng 9; Tong ^ ddng 10;
Chinh S^ dbng 17 Sdc thdn ^ # ddng 1;
Tu i¥l ddng 9; Vuong i ddng 10; Tong x3 j ^ ii. ddng 11; Sdc ^ ddng 18; F ; n A ^ d d n g I 9 Sdc t* ddng 1; Tu S^
ddng 9; Vinh ^ ddng 17 Sdc thdn ifii ^ ddng
\;T{r Vicang Sfi i ddng 8; Vuong v/ i -jSi ddng 9; Tong xd ^ ^ ddng 10;Cdn;i^ddngl8 Sdc M ddng 1; Tu vuong
^ i dcmg 8; Vuong v/
i -13: ddng 9; Tdngxd ^
^ ddng ]0;Sdci^ ddng
cao 1 chft; ehft Phiic vifit nhd cao 1 chft Deu vifit nhd cao 1 ehft Deu vifit nhd cao 1 ehft
Deu viet nhd cao 1 chft
Dfiu vifit nho cao 1 chu'
Deu viet nhd cao 1 ehft
DIU vifit nhd cao 1 chu
2 cgp chft: Sdc thdn, Tong xd viet nhd eao 1 chft; 3 ehft: Tu, Vuong, VTnh viet nhd eao 1 ehft; ehft Sdc (ddng 18) viet thdp xudng 1 chft Dfiu vifit nhd cao 1 chft 4 cgp chft: iSSc than, Tu vuang Vuong vi, Tdngxd
\\k nhd cao 1 ehft; chft Canh vifit nhd eao 1 chft 3 c&p chft: Tu vuang, Vuang Vf, Tdng xa vifit nhd cao 1 chft; ehft Sdc (ddng 1), chft Cdnh (ddng 17): vifit nhd cao 1
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TAP CHI HAN NOM so 4 (131) - 2015 NGUYSN HCU Ml
Dgo so 24
Dao so 25
Dgo sd 26
Dgo so 27
Dgo sd 28
Dgo sd 29
Dgo so 30
Dgo so 31
Dgo sd 32
Canh Hung 44 (1783) (Ngay 16 thang 5)
Canh Hung 44 (1783) (Ngay 26 thang 5)
Chieu Thdng 1(1787)
Canh Thinh 4 (1796)
Tu Due 6 (1853)
Tu Due 33 (1880)
Dong Khanh 2 (1887)
Duy Tan 3 (1909)
Khai Djnh 9 (1924)
]6; Cdnh ^ dbng \7
Sdc ^ ddng 1; Tu vuong S^ 3. ddng 10; Vicang vj ddngll;Can/iddngl8
Sdc ^ ddng 1; Tu vucmg
^ i ddng 10; Vuang vi i '(s. ddng 11; Sdc ^ ddng 19; Cmh ^ ddng 20
sdc M ddng 1; Hodng M. ddng 10; Sdc M ddng 18; Chieu iU ddng 1^9
Sdc thdn M # ddng 1;
TV vi tgi fi*I ^ -ii ddng l;Sdc^ ddng \2;Cdnh
•^ ddng 13
Sdc *fc'*' ddng 1; Cdnh menh lfc #• ddng 3
Sdc ^ ddng !; Sac phong ^ i t ddng 4
Sdc ^ ddng 1; Tgng sdc Ig*t ddng 3; Cdnh m?nh ^ •#• ddng 4
Sdc fe ddng 1; Sdc phong ^ i t ddng 4;
D H V ^ ddng?
5^c ^t ddng 1; Ban cdp m. ^ ddng 4; A:Ad/ ^ ddng 8
ehft; chft Sdc (ddng 16):
vilt thip xudng 2 chft 2 cdp chft: Tg- vuang, Vuang Vf viet nhd cao 1 chft; chft Sdc, chft Cdnh viet nhd cao 1 chft 2 cap diu: Tuvuang Vuang w viet nhd cao 1 chi^ chft S4:(d6ng1 vadc»igl9)vi^
thap xuong] chft Chft 53: (dong IX chft Ihaig chft CMu dSu viSt nhd cao 1 dift, chft S i : (dong 18)vifitthapxu6ng 1 dift Cgp chft: Sae than vifit nhd cao 1 chft; ba ehft Tir vj tai: viet nhd cao 1 chft; chft s i c vifit thap xudng 2 chu; chu Canh viet nhd cao 1 chft Chft Sdc viet nhd cao 1 chft; cap chft Cdnh minh vifit nhd cao 1 chft Chft Sdc viet nhd cao 1 chft; cap chu Sac phong vifit nhd eao 1 chft Chu Sdc viet nhd cao 1 ehft; 2 cgp chu: Tdng sdc, Cdnh m^nh viet nhd eao 1 chft Chft Sdc vifit nhd cao 1 chft; clqj chft Sdc phong vifit nhd cao 1 chft; chft Dwy vifit thip xudng 1 chft Chft Sdc viet nhd cao 1 ehft; cap ehft Ban c^ viet nhd cao 1 chft, chft ATwi vifit thip xuong 1 chft
34
NGHIEN COU VE THAN SAC QUA CyM THAN S A C Nhdn xet: Cdc chu hodc cdp chft khi
dupc viet ddi deu mang </ nghia tdn kinh, nhu chft Sdc (do vua ban), chft Vuong (vua), chft Duang (trong Duong Hda - nien hifiu cua Le Thin Tdng), Hodng do (ca dd nha vua)...
Khi vifit dai, ngodi difim chung giong nhau phdi viet nhd cao 1 chft so vdi cdc chft hdng ngang ddng ben canh, ddi khi cdn phdi vilt t h i p xudng 1 chu, nhu chft Sdc (ddng 18 dao so 20), thdm chi 2 chft, nhu chft Sdc (ddng 16 d^o sd 23). Dilu nay chi ra phong cdch rifing trong khdu " c h l ban" vdn bdn cua hai trieu vua dd.
+ Ddt ddng nifin d^i
Ddng nifin dai hay cdn gpi Id ddng lac khodn cua 32 d^o s i c lang Vdn Ndi dupc djtt d vj tri cu6i cftng cfta ydn bdn.
Trudc ddng nay Id mdt khoang de trdng chi vdi hoa van trang tri sdn. Ddng nien dai cua 32 dao s i c d ddy cd diem chung gidng nhau: Chi ghi cdc yeu td nhu nifin hifiu vua (khdng ghi nam can chi di kem), cung sd ndm tdn tai cfta nien hifiu, sau den thdng va ngay. Cd thfi khai qudt thdnh cdng thftc: Nifin hieu vua + ndm tdn tai cfta nien hifiu + thang + ngdy.
Difim khdc nhau d cho: Dfin thdi Nguyen, t?i ddng nifin dai nay, thay vi viet chft sd cua ndm, thang, ngay bang chft don, nhu 27 dao sdc trudc do, dfin day chuyen sang vifit bang chft kep*''.
+ Con ddu vd quy each ddng dau Con ddu ddng tren ddng nien dai cda 32 dao sdc Idng Vdn Ndi cd dac difim nhu sau:
STT
Mau sac, hinh d^ng, kfch c& con
d i u
Chft trong con dau Quy cdch ddng sic triiu Lfi Trung
hung (g6m 26 dgo - tft dgo s6 1 din dgo so 26)
Son do, hinh vudng, kho II X 11cm
Sdc m$nh chi bdo M ^
^ ^ (chft Trien, vifit thanh 2 cpt dpc)
Mep tren cua con dau ddng vao giuB chft thft 2 cua nien higu vua sic trieu Tay Son (1
d9o-d9osd27)
Son dd, hinh vudng, kh6l5,2xl5,2em
Tien nhu chi bdo p* ^
^ ^ (chft Trifin, vifit thanh 2 cpt dpc)
Mep trfin eua con dau ddng vao dudi chft so cua nam
^ n tgi trong nifin hieu vua Sdc trieu Nguyen (gom
5 dgo - tft dgo so 28 den dgo so 32)
Son dd, hinh vudng, kho 13 X 13cm
Sdc menh chi bdo ^
^ -^ ^ (chft Trifin, vifit thdnh 2 ept doc)
Mep trfin cua con diu ddng vao dudi chft thu 2 cua nien hifiu vua Nhan xet: Dau son do ddng tren vdn
bdn d day deu la hinh vudng nhung kich c 5 khdc nhau: Kich c9 con ddu cua thdi Le Trung hung moi c^uih Id 11 cm, trong khi con d i u cua trifiu Tay Som lai ldn hon, moi c^nh Id 15,2 cm, cdn con d i u cfta triiu Nguyen duy tri d mftc 13 cm.
Cho trong con dau cua thdi Lfi Tnmg hung va Nguyen gidng nhau, deu su dung 4 chft Sdc menh chi bdo, trong khi trieu Tdy Son su dimg chu Tien nhu chi bdo. Chft trong con dau cua 3 trieu cung s u dung la chft T r i | n , vifit thdnh 2 hang dpc, duy quy each ddng ddu la 35
TAP CHi HAN NOM s6 4 (131) - 2015 NGUYSN Hifu niOi khac nhau. Qua day cho thay con
diu va quy each dong dau tren dong nien dai cua 32 dao sac lang Van Npi, vg CO ban la khac nhau.
5. Ket cau van ban
KSt ciu van ban Than sac lang Van Noi CO thS chia lam 4 phin, g6m:
STT
Phdnl
Phdn 2
Phdn 3
Phdn 4
Than sic thdi Lfi Trung himg va thdi Tay Som (tir d^o so 1 den dao so 27) Bit ddu tft chu Sdc ddng ddu tien din cap chft Dgi vuang :k.
i . Phdn nay bao gdm cdc my tu duac cap idn ddu va dd dupc phong tdng sau do
Tifip tir sau cap chft Dgi vuang :fc i dfin cym tft Khd gia phong °r *D it. Phdn nay gdm mpt sd cdu vdn bien ngau ca ngpi dftc dp, cdng lao cua thdn, neu ly do phong tdng
Tu sau cum tft Khd gia tdng TT
^ I t den chft Cd sdc ii.M- Phin ndy gdm todn bd m J tu d phdn 1, cung mf tu duoc gia phong d ndm dd
Gdm ddng nien dfii vd con diu
Thiin sdc thdi Nguyen (tu- dao so 28 din d^o so 32) Tu sau chft Sdc din chft Chi thdn i:,
# . Hodc tu sau chu Sdc chi ^ W ghi dia danh: thdn Van Npi xd Thdng Lam huyen Thanh Oai tinh Ha Npi Tilp tft sau chft Chi thdn . ^ # , din cum tft Khd gia tdng "^ *J Jit (dao sd 28). Hodc tft sau cum tft ghi dia danh din chft Chi thdn ^ # (d^o sd 29).
Phdn ndy neu cdng lao cua than, khiln thdn dupc gia tang (dao s6 28). Hodc nfiu m^ Xg cua vi thdn do lang Van Ndi thd phung (dao sd 29).
Tft sau cum tft Kha gia tdng din chft Khdm tai ^ -^ (dao sd 28). Hogc tft sau chft Chi thdn ^ # din chft Khdm lai (dao sd 29). Phdn nay gdm m5^ tu dupc gia phong d ndm dd, cho phep dan xa tifip tuc thd cftng, cung y chi cua vua ddi vdi thdn (dao sd 28).
Hodc khdng dinh cong lao cua thdn, nfiu ly do phong tdng (dao sd 29) Gdm ddng nifin dai va con dau Nhgn xet: Vdi kfit cdu 4 phdn nfiu
trfin cho thay Thdn sic Id loai hinh vdn ban hdnh chinh dupc cdc trieu vua bien soan theo khudn mlu gidng nhau.
6. Npi dung van ban
Moi dao Than sdc Idng Van Npi cd
ndi dung ca ngpi cdng dftc cua vi than Ddng Xa, sau do thdn dupc gia phong my tu. Dudi day gdm toan bd s6 m5' t\r cua vi Ddng Xa ghi trong 32 dao sdc cua vi than nay.
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NGHIEN Ciru VE THAN SAC QUA CVM THAN SAC.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
NIENS^a Vinh Tp 3 (1621) Vinh TO 6 (1624) Vinh Tp 8 (1626) Vinh Tp 9 (1627) Dlic Long I (1629) Dlic Long 5 (1633) Dlic Long 6 (1634) DitongH6a3(1637) DuomgH6a5(1639) Duong Hoa 8 (1642) Phiic Thai 3 (1645) Phiic Thii 5 (1647) Phiic Thai 7 (1649) Kh4nhDiic4(1652) Thinh Dlic 3 (1655) Thinh Dlic 4 (1656) Canh Tri 8 (1670) Duong Dlic 3 (1674) Chinh Hoa 4 (1683) Vinh Thjnh 6 (1710) Vinh Khanh 2 (1730) Canh Hung 1(1740) Canh Hung 28 (1767) Canh Hung 44 (1783) Canh Hung 44 (1783)
MV TV" DirOC GIA PHONG Than thong, Cuong true, Chinh linh, Hien ling, Uy diing
Hoang liet Phil van Huu quoc, An dan Quang nghi?p Didn phiic, Tuy lpc H6ng an, D6c huu, Thuy huu Khuong quoc, Phiic him Te the, Trach dan Hau dlic, Chi nhan, Hijng tai Trp thang, Tinh nan, Ta tich Vi lupc, Quang tr^ch, Mau cong Kinh thien, Vi dia, Dien khanh Trieu dan, Tich ho, Thuan hy Hoat dat, Dai d6, Trp thang Duong uy, Tap vu, H6ng liet
Thong minh, Du? tri, Thuan nhat, Anh linh, Chinh true, Cuong nghi, Trung tiic, Cung y, Chi nhSn Dung quang, Uy doan, Cuong nghi Tai minh, Diing lupc, Khoan dung Ho^ng m$u. Qua doan, Dung quyet
Hiing Ii$t, VI lupc, Hifin khanh, Phu hu$, Simg dlic, Minh 13ng
Anh vo, Nhan tri, Himg lupc Anh nghi, Circrng doan, Uy diing Hien ling, Huu thuan. Long khang Anh hue, Hifin linh, T^p hudng
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T4P CHi HAN N 6 M SO 4 (131) - 2015 NGUYSN Hiiu MOI
26 27 28 29 30 31 32
ChieuThang 1(1787) Canh Thinh 4 (1796) Tu Dire 6 (1853) Tu Dlic 33 (1880) Dong Khanh 2 (1887) Duy Tan 3 (1909) Khai Dinh 9 (1924)
Trang hifin, Thanh toan. Than m6 Anh phong, Tuan liet, Man nhue Phu khdnh, Hoing liet
Due bao, Trung himg
Don ngung Nhan xet: Moi nam khi vi than Dong Xa dupc gia phong my tu luon phat sinh 2 ho§c 4 hoac 6 tir m6i, cii 2 tir moi tuong iing voi mpt chtt, hay con gpi 14 mpt my t\r. M? tu la nhitag chi( c6 j nghia tot dpp. Va trong mfii nam gia phong nfiu gom 2 tir thi nam do vi thiin Dong Xa dupc huong mpt mJ! tu. Tuong tu nfiu 4 tir sfi tucmg ttng voi 2 my tg, 6 tir sfi tuong img vcri 3 my ty. Cao nhat trong moi nam ma vi than Dfing Xa dupc gia phong ciing chi la 3 my tu, ma nhflng dao sac co 3 m5? tu l^i chifim s6 lupng Ion vii 17 dao trong tfing sd 32 dao sac cua ling Van Npi. Nhirng my ty do tang dan qua moi nam gia phong kfio theo su gia tang vfi s6 tii or giai doan sau.
Ching han nhu dao sic s6 26 co dfin 76 my tir, tuong iing v6i 152 tir. Tuy nhifin cung cin bifin luan mpt s6 trucmg hpp sau ddy:
- Dfii vdi dao sic s8 1, nic dao sic dau tifin cua lang Van Npi co dfin 10 tir thi cfi le djo sic nay khong phai dupc gia phong 5 my tu, don thuin chi la nhiing tir dupc cap sin dimg "lam von"
trudc khi vi thin d day duoc gia phong my tvr cho nhihig nam sau.
- Dfii vdi dao sic sfi 17 cd dfin 9 my tu (18 tit), thi nam nay khong phai vi
thin Ddng Xa dupc phong din 9 mJ tvr, bdi nhu dl cap nam cao nhit vi thin Dong Xa ciing chi dupc gia phong 3 my ty. Tuy nhifin d day cd su cich quSng ve thfii gian giiia dao sic nay voi dao sic s6 16 14 14 nam, trong khi kho4ng each vfi thdi gian ciia cac dao sic tir dao sic sfi 16 trd Ifin chi tir 1 dfin 3 nam. Ph4i chang trong 14 nam iy cdn cd 2 d£io sic ntta, mdi dao sac dupc gia phong 3 my ty nhung vi ly do n4o do khiln 2 dao sic dd bi that lac, hifin khdng dupc luu giii d lang van Npi? Tuong tu d d^io sic sfi 21 cd dfin 6 my tu nhung each quang thoi gian giua dao sic nay vdi dao s6 20 la 20 nam thi cd 15 ciing do mfit dsio sic diing tren dao sic sd 21 da W thit Ijc, hifin ciing khdng dupe luu giii d lang van Npi?
- Ddi vdi dao sic sd 27 vdn cua vua Nguyen Quang Toan gia phong 3 my ty, m4 3 my tu n4y 14 sy tifip nfii vdi 3 my ty cua vua Lfi Min Dfi gia phong trudc do (djio sfi 26). Thfing tin nhu vay cd thfi hieu trifiu Tay Son khi Ifin nim quyin van md phdng theo each thii'c gia phong my ty cho thin, gidng nhu each gia phong my ty cua cae trifiu vua Lfi.
- Dfii vdi dao sic sd 28, thay vi tilp ndi my ty nhu trifiu Tay Son ddi vdi 38
NGHIEN Ctru VE THAN SAC QUA CVM THAN SAC.
trifiu Lfi, da cdch tan bdng vific lupc bd hdu het cdc my t\r cfta cfta trifiu trudc, chi dung 2 my tu mdi'^* "lam vdn", khien cdc d^o sic cua vucmg trieu Nguyen tuy ngdn gpn nhxmg van ddy du ve npi dung.
- Ddi vdi dao sic sd 29 va 31: Hai dao sac nay khdng thdy m^ tu duac gia phong. D6i chieu vdi npi dung cua sdc cho thay 2 ndm do difin ra su kifin vua Tu Dftc hudng tuoi ngu tuan vd vua Duy Tdn Ifin ngdi (Ifin ngdi tft ndm 1907).
Nhu the dudi triiu Nguyen, ngoai nhftng ndm thdng thudng vua ban sdc cd kem theo su gia phong my tu cho thdn thi vdo nhftng ndm dien ra su ki?n trpng dai, nhd vua cung ban sic cho phep thd cung nhung khdng gia phong my tu. Day la bifit lfi trong sic phong cho than dudi trieu Nguyin.
7. Gid trj tu lifu
Thin sic Idng Vdn Npi cd gid tri tren nhieu phuang dien nhung trong bai viet nay chiing toi chi xin de cgp mpt sd ndt den phuang dien tin ngudng thd Thdnh hoang cfta ngudi ddn noi ddy.
Theo Thin sic hifin tdn vao ndm 1621, vua Le Thin Tdng (1619 - 1649) da ban Thdn sdc cho lang Van Npi (luc dd la xd (Da<
Thdng Ldm huyfin Thanh Oai) de thd vi than cd ten hieu la Ddng Xd. Vi thdn ndy theo ghi chep trong Ngpc phd hien luu gift tai dinh Idng Vdn Ndi cho biet ngai vdn la cdng thdn cua Tnmg Nft Vuang.
Trong mpt ldn mang qudn danh Ma Vien, ngdi lap ddn tai day. Vfi sau khi giao chifin vdi Ma Vien, do thdt lai nfin ngdi cung hda tai day. Trdi tft dd vfi sau nhd linh ftng biln hifin nen dupc cdc trifiu dai quan chu ban cap sdc phong, cho phep ddn lang thd cung. Tuy nhifin cft lieu chdc chdn nhdt d\ra vdo Thdn sdc cho ta thdy bit ddu tft ndm 1621, tftc ddu thl ky XVII, dan lang Vdn Ndi dd thd vi Thanh hoang la nhan than - Ngudi cd cdng trong cupc chien chdng ngoai xdm vao nhirng ndm dau cdng nguyen cua ddn tpc. Vd tu dd dfin nay ddn Idng Vdn Ndi vdn chi thd rifing thin ndy lam Thanh hodng. Day la ndt ddng chu y trong tin ngudng thd Thanh hodng d mpt lang xd vftng ddng bing Bic Bp phdn dnh qua Than sic.
Dudi day chiing tdi phifin am, dich nghia 2 trong sd 32 dao Than sac cfta Idng Vdn Npi giup ddc gid cd tu lieu tham khdo.
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T^P CHI HAN NOM SO 4 (131) - 2015 NGUYiN H(fU MOI
Phien am
sic Thin thdng, Cucmg true, Chinh linh, Hifin ftng, Uy dung, Ddng Xd d^
vuang: Tinh trft ngu nhac, khi bam tam quang. Ky vi dftc chinh true thdng minh, hdn tai ngu hoan; Ndng sft nhan phung thfta uy kinh, bdo cdnh an dan. Cu da h0 qudc chi cdng, tdi cu ddng than chi trat.
Vj hifin hftu linh ftng, ndng mac phft qudc to, kha gia phong, ung gia phong vi Thdn thdng, Cuong true, Chinh linh, Hien ftng, Uy dung, Phu khanh, Ddng Xa d^i vuang. Cd sac!
Vinh Tp tam nifin thdp nhit nhit nguyfit so nhat nhat.
Dich nghia
(Dao sic
sac ban cho vi Thin thdng, Cuong true, Chinh linh, Hien ftng, Uy dung Ddng xa dai vuang: Ngu nh^c*^* gdp tinh anh, tam quang*"** bdi khi tdt. Dftc cfta ngdi chinh tr\rc thdng minh, ngdn tai trft h o ^ ; Tai ndng khien mpi ngudi kinh phuc, gift coi yen ddn. Cdng lao giiip nude da nhieu, vi?c ddng tr|it cdn cit nhac. Vi cd linh ung hifin hifin, tai ndng ngdm phft phuc nude, xftng dang duac gia phong, can phdi gia phong cho ngdi Id Than thdng, Cuang true, Chinh linh, Hien ftng, Uy dung, Phu khdnh, Ding Xa dai vuong. Vdy nay ban sac!
Ngay mdng 1 thdng 11 nien hifiu VTnh To thft 3 (1621).
s6 29)
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Phien am
sic chi Hd Npi tinh Thanh Oai huyfin Thing Ldm xa Van Ndi thdn tdng tiln phung su Ngung hau, Xd thdn, Phu khanh, Hoing lifit chi thdn: Tiet kinh ban cap sic phong, chudn ky phung su. Tu E)uc tam theqi nhdt nifin, chinh hi trdm ngu tudn d^ khanh tilt, kinh ban bao chieu dam an, le long dang trat, ddc chuan y cuu phung su dung chi qudc khanh nhi thdn tu dSla Khdm tai!
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Tu Dftc tam th^p tam nifin thdp nhit nguyet nhi thap tft nhdt.
Dich nghta
sic ban cho thdn Van Ndi xd Thing Ldm huyen Thanh Oai tinh Hd Npi tft trudc dfin nay phung thd vi thdn Ngung hdu, Xa thdn, Phu khdnh, Hodng li$t:
Trai cac tiet ngdi dupc ban cip sic phong, cho phep thd cung. Nam T\r Dftc thft 31 (1878), dung dip ll mftng tr§m
NCHlfeN c i r u VE THAN SAC QUA CyM THAN SAC.
hudng thp ngu tudn, ben ban chieu bau, ldm le m d rpng an hue, long trpng ddng tr|it, cho phdp phung thd nhu cu dfi ghi nhd ngdy qudc khdnh ma keo ddi vific thd t\r. V^y nay ban sdc!
Ngay 24 thang 11 nien hieu Ty Dftc thft 33 (1880)./.
N.H.M Chu thich:
(1) G^m Thin sdc cua 19 tinh: Bdc Giang, Bic Ninh, Ha Ddng, Ha Nam, Hai Duong, Hai Phdng, Hung Yfin, Kien An, L&ng Son, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Nghfi An, Phu Thp, Phdc Yfin, Quang Yen, Son Tay, Thai Binh, Thai Nguyen va VTnh Yfin.
(2) Xin nfiu mpt so vi dy: Myc vifit ve Sdc, Uong Giao trinh Ca sd Ngu van Hdn Nom, Nxb. Gido due, H.1987, tgp IV, tr. 51- 61; Gidng dgy Hdn Ndm cho sinh vien khdng thugc chuyen ngdnh Hdn Nom cua Pham Van Thdm, trong Hdn Nom hgc trong nhd trudng, Nxb. KHXH, H.2008, tr. 225- 236; Ve cdc dgo sdc phong thd Thdi uy Ly Thudng Ki$t a hai thon Bdc Thugng, Bdc Hg fruyen Thg Xuong, trong Thdng bdo Hdn Nom hgc ndm 2009, Nxb. Thfi gidi, H.2010, tr.740-746; Sdc phong Vinh Phuc (Toan tap) cua Lfi Kim Thuyfin, Sd Van hoa The thao vdDu Ijch VTnh Phuc. 2012.
(3) Tftc tinh tft dao Than sdc mang nifin dgi 1621, den dgo sac mang nien dgi 1924.
(4) Nude ta trudc day cd nhifiu lang n ^ e lam giiy ndi tilng trong dd cd hp Lai d lang NghTa Dd huyfin Tft Liem (nay thupc
phudng NghTa Dd qugn Cdu Giay, TP. Ha Ndi) chuyen lam giiy sic cho trifiu dinh diing vifit sac cho quan lgi va thdn linh. Logi giiy nay gpi la Xuyfin chi. Cd le giay viet sdc cua lang Vdn Ndi cung dupc sdn xuit tgi day.
(5) Chu Sdc a day vifit bdng chft Thiic ^ + chu luc i] = M. Tft day den dgo so 27, chO Sdc nay van duy tri each vifit nhu vgy.
(6) Chft S^ a day vifit bing chft Thuc.^
+ bd PhpcJC = ^ TCr day dfin dgo sd 32 chft Sdc nay vdn duy tri each viet nhu vgy.
(7) Difiu nay quy djnh vao nam 1822:
"Vua thdy tft trudc dfin nay, cdc sdc chucmg sd van thu cac nha, chft nam thdng ngay a chd nifin hi$u dfiu diing chft don, sdc tur nay phai diing chft kep (nhu chft nhat — phai vilt Id ^ , chft nhj J^ phdi vifit C ) dfi dfi phdng su thay doi". Dgi Nam thgc lyc.
To Phien djch Vifin Sft hpc, Nxb Giao dye, H.2007,tgp2,tr.245.
(8) S\r kifin nay lien quan den vua Minh Menh dy Bfi Lfi:" Cac than trudc kia phong my tu qua nhifiu, mdi lan dupc gia phong lgi deo them xudng dudi, lan sau se khdng viet hfit dupc. Nay nfin diing chft phong mdi viet vao sac cdn chft cu bdt di thi phai", Dgi Nam thuc luc (sdd), U. 140.
(9) Ngu nhgc; chi nam ngpn nui cao lam tifiu bilu cho nam phuang d Trung Qudc, gdm Hanh son Nam nhgc, Hpa son Tay nhgc, Trung son Trung nhgc, Thdi son Ddng nhgc va Hang son Bac nhgc.
(10) Tam quang: chi mdt trdi, mat trdng va cac VI sao.
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