vol HOAT DONG CONG TAC XA HQI HIEN NAY TAC DONG KHOA HQC \ A CONG NGHE DOI

TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN L.ANG Bo van Thing

TAC DONG KHOA HQC \ A CONG NGHE DOI vol HOAT DONG CONG TAC XA HQI HIEN NAY

IMPACTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON S0CL4L WORK ACTIVITIES TODAY

D6 VAN THA\G<->

TOM TAT: Bdi viet trinh bdy khdi quat su tdc dpng eua khoa hpc vd cong nghe den hogt dgng cong tdc xd hpi hien nay. Bdi viet tap trung vdo hai npi dung chinh: I) klioa hpc vd cong nghe ldm thay dot cdu true xa hpi; 2) khoa hoc vd cong nghe ldm thay doi doi tuang hogt dpng cua cong tdc xd hpi.

Tic khoa: khoa hpc vd cong nghe; cong tdc xd hpi.

ABSTRACT: The paper presents an overview ofthe impact of science and technology on current social work activities. Within scope ofthe research, this paper focuses on two main contents: first, science and technology change social structure, secondly, science and technology change the object of social work activities.

Keywords: science and technology; social work.

l . D A T V A N D E

Khoa hpe vd cdng nghe da va dang lam thay ddi xa hpi lodi ngudi mdt each sau sac, loan dien tren tdt ed cac ITnh vyc, 6 mpi noi, mgi luc; nd khdng chi day nhanh tdc dp phat trien xa hdi, ma cdn Idm thay ddi cd ve eau tnic xa hpi lan ddi sdng vat chat, tam sinh ly, tinh cam vd nhan thiic... cua moi thanh vien trong xa hgi.

Chinh dieu dd dang dat ra nhirng each tiep can, phuong phdp, nhiem vu mdi cho cdng tdc xa hdi hien nay. Bdi le, edng tac xa hdi vdi tu cdch '7a mot ngdnh khoa hoc nghien ciru vi cdc quy ludt tuang tdc cua cdc cd nhdn vd cpng dong v&i he thong xd hpC-, hay ndi mdl each khac 'Va mpt dich vu chdm soc xd hpi duac chuyen mon hoa de gidi quyel nhung vdn de .xa hoi dae

biet", dam bao cho eac thanh vien, cdc edng ddng xa hpi duoc phdt frien mdt cdch ty do, binh dang theo cac quy luat ciia ty nhien vd xa hdi, tir do ddm bdo sy phat trien xa hdi nhanh va ben virng. Vdi y nghia dd, bai viet phan tieh lam ro sy tdc ddng eua khoa hpe va cdng nghe ddi vdi hoat ddng cdng tdc xa hdi hien nay.

2. NOI DUNG

2.1. Khoa hoc va cdng ngh? lam thay doi cau true xa hoi

Khoa hpc va cdng nghe ngay nay khdng ehi day nhanh tdc dp phat trien ciia xa hdi, dua xa hpi loai ngudi len mdt tam cao mdi; ngudi lao dgng khdng cdn phdi

"chdn ldm, tay biin" hay sudt ngay lam viec vat va vdi nhiing mdy mdc; ma gid day hp chii yeu dieu khien hoat ddng sdn xudt, hoat

'*' TS. Truang Dai hpc Khoa hgc Xa hpi va Nhan va iiiang41I0@gmail.com. Masd: TCKH17-19-2019

- Dai hoc Quoc gia Thanh pho H6 Chi Minh.

TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG ddng xa hdi thdng qua he thdng hitemet, cdc thiet bi dieu khien tir xa. Dieu dd din den nhiing thay ddi fren tat ca cdc Iinh vyc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, tao ra hang loat nhirng khai niem, ITnh vyc, nganh nghe mdi nhu: giao dich dien tu. chinh phii dien tir, van phdng dien tir, cdng nghe dam may, kinh doanh Online,.. Hon the niia, khoa hpc va cdng nghe ciing da lam khdng gian sdng cua eon ngudi ngdy cang rdng md, da dang ban; dac biet Id nd da tdc ddng lam thay ddi cau tnic xa hdi, the hien qua cde ITnh vyc nhu:

Thir nhdt, khoa hpc va cdng nghe khdng ehi thiie day sy phdt trien ddi sdng, gidi phdng con ngudi khdi nhirng cdng viec nang nhpc. nhimg lo loan "earn do,

.• ;„ „ho con ggo tien ; ma no con cung cap cn^

ngudi nhiing di6u kien, phuong ti?" "^

de con ngudi cd thd frao ddi thdng tin- tam frr, tinh earn, kdt ndi con ngudi ed chung nhirng quan tam, nhu cdu \k ddi sdng v^t chdt, tinh thdn, tinh cam, hay theo duoi nhung loi ich, myc tieu chung vupt ra khoi ranh gidi dia ly va ehinh frj thdng qua cac mang xa hdi tren Intemet tao thanh nhiing cpng ddng "'cpng ddng mgng", hay cdn gpi la "'cpng dong do (Virtual Community)".

(cu ddn mgng Netizen)". Su phdt trien manh me ciia edng ddng mang hien nay duac Hootsuite va We Are Social thdng ke vd edng bd trong quy 1/2018 chiem hon mdt nira dan sd the gidi, thd hien bang bieu dd sau [3].

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Hinh 1. BiSu dd the hien so luong ngucri sir dung Intemei va cac mang xa hgi tren lh€ gi6i hien

Rieng a Viet Nam hien c6 khoang 58.000.000 nguoi tham gia Facebook, dimg thii bay s6 nguoi tham gia Facebook tren thS gim" [2]. Chinh su gia tang ve so luong va vai tro cua cong dong mang doi voi xa hoi hien nay; ma bit cir qu6c gia nao, bat

cu linh vuc boat dong nao cua xa hpi nguoi ta dieu phai quan tam djn du luan xa hoi do cong dong mang tao ra. Cong tac xa hoi vol tu each la nganh ••„g,„^„ ^ ^ cdc tuang tac giua cac ca nhan va cong dong". "la dich vu cham .soc xS h~ "

khong nhimg khong thS dimg ngoj, , .

TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG Do Van Thang

dpng dd; ma hon the niia phdi la mdt trong nganh lien phong trong viec gidi quyet nhimg van de nay sinh tir cdng ddng m?ng, eung nhu nhiing tucmg tac ciia nd vdi cac cdng ddng dan eu hien hiiu de thyc hi?n cae ehiie nang ciia minh.

Thir hai, sy phdt trien cua khoa hpc va cdng nghe lam cho "viec sdn xuat ra ciia cai ngay cang trd nen it phu thugc vao thdi gian lao ddng va luong lao ddng bd ra..., ma trudc hel phu thudc vao trinh dp chung cua khoa hpc va tien bd ky thuat hay vao sy ling dung ciia khoa hpc vdo sdn xuat" [1, fr.l9]. Ddng thdi eung ehinh sy phat trien ciia khoa hgc vd edng nghe da lam eho sy phan cdch giiia cde nganh, ITnh vyc sdn xuat xich lai gan nhau, qud trinh san xuat ciia xa hdi frd thanh mdt chudi sdn xudt gid fri gan ket giira eac nganh, eac ITnh vyc, khu vyc sdn xudt eua mdi qudc gia vd toan cau. Dieu dd Idm cho ranh gidi giira eac ngdnh nghe cua ngudi lao ddng, ranh gidi giira cdc cpng ddng dan cu dupe thu hep iai. Mat khac, chinh sy phat trien ciia khoa hpc va cdng nghe ngay nay dang lao ra hang loat nhung ngdnh nghe mdi, nhu kinh doanh vd cde dich vu Online, cdng nghiep loT (ket ndi mang Intemet va mang vat ly).... Dieu dd khdng chi thiic day xa hdi phat frien nhanh ma cdn tao co hdi de nhimg ngudi lao ddng cd hoan canh dac biet, siic khoe co bap kem van cd the tham gia cd hieu qua frong qud trinh lao ddng xa hpi; hg cd the ty nudi sdng bdn than, giiip dd gia dinh tham ehi Idm giau bang fri tue ciia minh. Tir dd tao ra ddng lye, khat vpng, niem tin eho nhirng ngudi cd siic khde yeu, hoan canh dae biet ma trudc kia hp phai sdng bang sy giiip dd, cham sdc ciia gia

dinh, cua xa hdi; ddng thdi nd ciing ddi hdi, tao dieu kien de lyc luong lao ddng nay phai ed gang hgc tap, nang cao trinh dp khoa hpc va edng nghe de dap img yeu cau.

Nhiing dieu dd da dat ra nhiing yeu edu can ed each thiic cham sdc giiip dd ddi vdi cac ddi lupng de phii hgp vdi su phdt trien cua xa hdi ma edng tac xa hdi phdi thuc hien.

Thu ba. chinh tir sy phat trien ciia khoa hpc vd cdng nghe da khdng chi tao ra nhieu ngdnh nghe, ITnh vyc boat ddng, sdn xuat kinh doanh mdi; ddng thdi tao ra mdi lien he dan xen, long nghep, ket ndi cde boat ddng, san xudl kinh doanh eiia mdi ngudi, mdl bp phan vao nhau. Bdi, vdi viee giao dich thuang mai dien tu, van phdng dien tii, hdi hpp tryc tuyen... ngudi la ed eung Iiic thyc hien nhieu cdng viec vdi nhieu vai trd, chirc nang khac nhau md vdn dam bdo ket qud, chat lugng cdng viee theo yeu cdu. Vi du: ngudi ta cd the vua dieu khien tudi cay ty dgng Online, vira nhan dan dat hang cung iing ndng san qua mang, vira ed the nghe nhac... Chinh viec dan xen Idng nghep cdng viec eiia ngudi lao ddng, da tao ra sy dan xen, Idng nghep ve vai trd, dia vi cua ngudi lao ddng trong cudc sdng, mdi ngudi deu cd the la ndng dan khi tryc tiep tham gia sdn xuat ndng nghiep, ddng thdi hg cung Id cdng nhan true ti8p dieu khien eac may mdc hien dai, edng nghe cao phuc vu san xudt ndng nghiep, bao qudn, che bien ndng sdn; ddng thdi hp lai tryc tiep tham gia mang ludi lieu thu sdn pham Online va Iai thudng xuyen nghien ciiu, hpc lap de lam ehii cdng nghe, nang cao tri thiic khoa hpc trong sdn xudt - kmh doanh va cudc sdng.

Su dan xen, Idng nghep vai trd, dia vi xa

TAP CHI KHO.A HOC D.\I HQC VAN LANG hdi ciia con ngudi dan den tu tudng, tinh cam, tam ly, nhdn thiic eiia ngudi lao ddng ddi vdi cac van de xa hdi, cdc edng ddng cung thay ddi theo hudng cdi md, de tucmg lac cam thdng. Dieu dd khdng chi yeu cau md cdn tao dieu kien de cdng tac xa hdi bd sung, dieu chinh nhung quan diem, phuang phdp, each thiic boat ddng ciia minh ngay cang phii hop, hieu qua hem trong bdi cdnh hien tai.

2.2. Khoa hoc va cdng nghe lam thay doi doi tiTQUg hoat dpng cong tac xa hpi

"Cong tdc xd hpi Id ngdnh hoe thuat vd hogt dpng chuyen mon nhdm tra giiip cdc ed nhdn, nhom. cpng dong phuc hoi hay tdng cu&ng chuc ndng xa hpi gop phdn ddm bdo nen an sinh xa hpi" [4]. Nhiing ITnh vyc hoat ddng cua cdng tdc xa hgi cd the la; cuu ddi, la frang bi ky nang sdng, ky nang xa hdi cho cdc cdng ddng; hay tham gia vao viec phat trien cgng ddng, phat trien ndng thdn, dieu chinh miic dp dd thi hda, phdp y, chinh ddn, phdp luat, quan he lao dgng, hda nhap xa hgi, bao ve tre em, bao ve ngudi cao tudi, phu nir, quyen con ngudi; hoae qudn ly nhirng ngudi cai nghien, phuc hdi chiic nang, phdt trien dao diic, hda gidi van hda, qudn ly thien tai, siie khde tam thdn. tri lieu hanh vi vd khuyet tat... Ndi mdl each khai quat cdng lac xa hdi la nganh nghien cim, hoat dgng nham giiip dd nhirng con ngudi, edng ddng ngudi vupt qua nhiing hoan canh khd khan, nhiing tai ucmg, khiSm khuyet, mat mdl frong ddi sdng vat chdt va tinh than; hon the nua la viec xay dyng vd cung cd mem tin cua nhimg eon ngudi dd vdi xa hdi vd vdi sy phdn ddu vupt qua khd khan, tai uonc ciia chinh minh. Dd thue hien tdt dieu

do, nhihig nguoi hoat dong cong tac >^a phai thiu hi^u hp thupc dai tupng nao, hp dang gap van de gi, hp can dupe trp gi P diSu gi va giiip hp bSng each nao. Vol s .^

phat tri6n cua khoa hpc va cong nghe da anh huong rit nhik dSn diSu kien, hoan canh sdng va lao dpng, anh huong den nhan thiic, tam ly, ni6m tin va khat vpng cua hp, nhu sau:

MOI la. khpa hpc va cong nghe ph4t trien tao diSu kien thuan Ipi cho nhiing ngucri co hoan canh dac biet, kho khan tham gia hoat dpng, hOi nhap vao doi song xa hpi ngay cang sau rpng, nhu viec phat trien khoa hpc va cpng nghe da tap ra hang loat cac nganh nghg, ITnh vuc kinh doanh Online cho phep nhirng ngucri the luc yeu, khilm khuyet thi hinh... c6 the tham gia va tham gia tdt vao cac hoat dpng nghien cim khoa hpc, giang day, kinh doanh Online;

mat khac voi su tien bp cua khoa hpc va cong nghe ngay nay, y hpc va cac san pham tri tue nhan tao, cong nghe cao da tro giup dac luc va thay the nhirng bp phan ca the con nguoi bi khuyet tat, hu hong, giup con nguoi van co the s6ng, lam viec binh thuang, nhu cac may trp thinh, canh tay robot, cac thiet bi dieu khien bSng gipng noi... DiSu do khong chi tao diju kien thuan loi cho nhirng nguoi hoan canh dac biet tham gia lao dpng va hoi nhap xa hpi sau rpng; ma hon thJ niia con tao dong luc, niem tin di hp ren luyen, phin dSu nang cao trinh dp nhan thiic, hang say hoat dpng de tu vuot len chinh minh

dinh, xa hpi. Tir do da dan din giip ich cho gia doi ve tu duy, thai dp, nilm nhihig thay xa hpi va voi chinh minh. *'" ciia hp vai

• *"? se xoa bo 16 loi

TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAJ HQC VAN LANG Do van Thing m|e cam ve sy bat lyc ciia ban than vdi sy

phdt yidn xa hpi.

Hai Id, khoa hpe vd cdng nghe ngdy nay ciing da tao ra cac gia tri tinh than cua xa hpi ngay cang nhieu, phong phii ban. Sy phat frien eiia khoa hpe va cdng nghe da ''noi ddi ihem nlmng tri gidc ciia con ngu&C' giiip cho con ngudi cd the cam nhan, hudng thy cdc gid In tinh thdn vuat khdi khdng gian han hep va thdi gian hien lai minh dang sdng, ciing ehinh khoa hoc va cdng nghe dang lam thay ddi ea nhimg chuin myc khudn mau trudc day ve ddi sdng tinh than. Tir dd giiip ieh eho nhiing ngudi cd hoan canh dae biet, khdng cd dieu ki?n ve siic khde, kinh te... tim hieu, ket b^n, giao luu true tuyen thdng qua he thdng Iniemet, cac trang mang xa hgi. Chinh nhirng dieu dd da md mang nhan thirc cua hp va lam thay ddi ddi sdng tinh than theo hudng tich eye, vui tuoi ban. Tuy nhien, nd ciing ed mat trai la lam eho nhieu ngudi, nhdt la gidi tre di vao cudc sdng do, tinh frang nghien Games Online, ed bac Online, nghi?n Facbook dang frd thanh phd bien va nhieu khi thanh van nan, nhiing suy nghi l?ch chuan, Iham ehi tdi pham cd the xuat phdt hi day. Nhieu trudng hop ngudi la khdng nghe, khdng tin nhirng tu van, sy giiip dd ciia cac nhan vien edng tdc xa hdi, nhung lai rat tin nhiing Idi khuyen, nhimg chia se bdi nhiing dieu dang tai fren mang hilemel qua cde frang mang xa hdi. Dieu dd dang dat ra cho cdng tac xa hgi can nghien ciiu tim ra cae phuang phap, each thiic hoat dpng de thyc hien viec cham sdc cdc ddi hipng ciia minh theo cde hinh thirc Online hoac phdi ket hop giua tu van tryc tiep vdi Online. Mat khdc, tinh frang boat ddng eiia

con ngudi ngdy cang gan lien vdi mang Iniemet dang lam gia lang tinh frang sdng do, nghien Online, cde bpnh nghe nghiep lien quan den mang Internet, benh fram cam, benh vd sinh, sd ngudi nhiem HIV, cdng ddng LGBT {Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual va Transgender) dang ngdy mpt gia tang va fre hda trong xa hdi khdng chi dnh hudng den siic khoe, ddi sdng tinh than va nang lyc nhan thiie, lam viec ciia eon ngudi; ma cdn gay nhieu hp luy den sy phat frien xa hgi. Chinh dieu dd dang dat ra cac yeu cau cap thiel ddi vdi boat dpng cdng tac xa hpi, nhat la trong cdc b?nh vien, trudng hpc hien nay.

Ba Id, khoa hgc vd cdng nghe Idm thay ddi lam ly giao liep cua cde ddi lupng cdng tac xa hpi. Bdi nhirng ngudi ed hoan canh dac biet, dieu kien sdng khd khan, vdn dT hp van ngai giao tiep vdi cpng ddng, hp thudng khdng mudn ndi va khdng mudn nghe ngudi khdc bdn ludn ve hoan canh, dieu kien sdng eiia minh, dac biet rdt khdng thich nhung ngudi khde quan lam theo kieu thuong hai. Chinh nhirng dieu dd lam eho hg sdng khep kin, ngai giao tiep. Tuy nhien, vdi su phat trien cua eac mang xa hdi, hp de dang lap nhdm giao tiep, trd chuyen, chia se nhau, giiip dd nhau qua eac trang mang xa hdi; bdi, d dd mac dii hp de dang trao ddi, tam sy, nhung Iai khdng phai Id dien, nhirng van de khidm khuyet ciia co the, nhirng hoan cdnh sdng eo le trd nen nhe nhdng, de ndi, de tam sy. Dieu nay da lam thay ddi lam ly, nhan thiic ciia hp vd dat ra nhirng van de cho cdng tdc xa hdi cdn lim eac phuang phap, each thiic de cham sdc, giup dd hp hieu qud hem. Ciing qua viec trao ddi tren

TAP CHI ICHO.\ HOC DAI HQC VAN L.«G SiiT.ThinsiJ?!^

cdc mang xa hdi hp gap gd, tiep xue vdi nhieu ngudi cd hodn cdnh phiie tap, khd khan nhu minh, tham chi cdn hon niia vd hp cdm thay minh khdng phdi Id ca biet, dieu dd se lam thay ddi tam ly ty ti, ngai giao tiep. Nhiing thay ddi tam ly dd se tao dieu kien de cac nhdn vien cdng tac xa hdi tiep xuc, cham sdc hd trp hp.

3. KET LUAN

Tir nhiing phan tich, trinh bay tren da cho thdy khoa hpc va cdng nghe ngay nay khdng chi lam gia tang cac ITnh vyc ciia cdng lac xa hdi; ma cdn lam thay ddi ldn den cac ddi tuong cua cdng tac xa hdi tir didu kien lam viee, kha nang tham gia hpi nhap vdi xa hdi den nhung van de ve ddi sdng vat chat, tinh than, niem tin, khdt vpng, ddi sdng tinh than... Dieu do dat ra yeu cau eho cdng tdc xa hdi can nghien ciiu dieu ehinh, bd sung nhiing phuong phap hoat ddng ciia minh de phii hgp vdi nhiing yeu eau ciia nghe; ma ban the nira la vi?c dieu chinh bd sung cdc phuong

phap nhdm de ddng djnh vj duac ddi tucmg cua minh thupc ddi tugng nao. hp da^S 6^"

van de gi, hp can dugc frg giup dieu gi va

menh ldm cdch ndo dd giiip dd hp. de hp tiep nhan sy giiip dd mpt cdch hgp tac, muan tien, ed nhu vay edng lac xa hdi md thanh tdt chiic nang, nhiem vu va sii eua minh. Vdi su phdt fridn mang xa hdi hien nay nhu ti8p can Online qua cac mang xa hgi, qua cdc web, hoae tu van Online, tryc tuydn, didu dd khdng chi giup cdc nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi ket noi dugc vdi ede ddi tugng tu xa, d nhiing vung xa xdi ma nhidu khi cdn phii hpp vdi tam ly eiia eac ddi tugng ngai giao tiep tryc tiep;

ddng thdi lao didu kidn de cde nhan vien cong tdc xa hdi tiep can nhanh vdi eae ddi tugng. Chinh nhiing dieu dd da dat ra yeu eau can nghien ciiu xem xet iing dung khoa hpc vd cdng nghe vao viec nghien ciiu, hoat ddng nghe nghiep eua cdng tdc xa hdi hien nay.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1] Danh Son (Chii bien vd cac tdc gia, 1999), Quan he giira phdt triin khoa hpc vd cong nghe v&i phdt tnen kinh te - xd hpi, Nxb Khoa hoe Xa hdi, Hd Npi.

[2] Bao Binh (2019), Bdt nga ve nhirng mgng xd hoi l&n nhdt thi gi&i hien nay. co tren 1 t\> ngu&i diing hdng thdng, http://eafebiz.vn/bal-ngo-ve-nhung-mang-xa-hoi-Ion-nhat-the- gioi-hien-nay-co-fren-1 -ty-nguoi-dung-hang-thang-20190718084046125,chn.

[3] Nguydn Nguyen (2018), Viet Nam co so lumxg ngir&i diing Facebook l&n thir 7 tren thi gi&i, https://dantri.eom.vn/suc-manh-so/viet-nam-eo-so-luong-nguoi-dung-facebook-lon- thu-7-fren-the-gioi-20180418145 327613 .httn.

[4] Shuttlesworth, Guy (2015), Social Work and Social, https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Ngdy nhan bai: 07-8-2019. Ngay bien tap xong: 20-9-2019. Duyet dang: 25-9-2019