H U C 3 N O T O I K Y N I E M 5 0 N A M B 6 KH&CN
HOAT DONG THAM DINH CONG NGHE
MOT S6 KET QUi
0 6 HOAI NAA
Vu Danh gia, Tham dinh va Giam djnh Cong nghi Bo KH&
Tham d|nh cong nghe la mot hoat dpng lien quan den nhieu nganh, trong do, nganh khoa hpc va cong ngM (KH&CN) du'tfc giao trach nliiem la ctf quan dau md'i. Trong hoat dpng nay, he tho'ng van ban phap quy da diTtfi ban hanh tu'cfng do'i day du, tao thuan Itfi cho viec thuTc hien cap phep cac dii an dau tu' vao Viet Nam va cac^
doanh nghiep trong nu'dc tie'n hanh dau tu'ddi mdi, cai tien cong nghe thong qua chuyen giao cac cong nghe tien tien tuf nu'dc ngoai.
Nhan ky niem 50 nam thanh lap nganh KH&CN, bai viet diem lai mpt sd'van ban lien quan den cong tac tham djnh cong nghe cung nhu' mpt vai ket qua cua hoat dpng quan ly nha nu'dc trong Ifnh vU^c nay.
T
if cudi tliap ky 80, dau thap ky 90 cila the ky XX, thi/c hien chinh sach mcl ciia nham huy dpng cac nguon life cho phat trien dat nfftic, Diing vti Chinh phii da ban hanh nhieu chinh sach quan lipng, trong do co chinh Siich thu hiit dau ttf nu'dc ngoai viio Viet Nam. Bg KH&CN (Uy ban Khoa htjc Nha nffdc - vao thdi diem nay va Bo Khoa hoc, Cong nghe va Moi trffdng - KH,CN&MT - sau do) dift^c phan cong la mot trong nhu'ng cO quan tham gia viio qua trinh xem xet. tham dinh cap giay phep dau tU cho cac di,f an diiu tu' trifc tiep nffdc ngoai ttii Viet Nam.Nhan thffc ro tam quan trpng cua cong tac nay, Uy ban dii de nghi Chinh phti cho thanh lap Vu Giam dinh Cong nghe ihupc Uy ban (sau ddi ten thanh Van phong Tham dinh ve Cong nghe va Moi ffUdng cac Dif an Dau tU vil nay lit Vii Danh gia. Tham dinh va Giam dinh Cons nghe - Vu DTG) de tham mifu cho Liinh dao Uy ban trong viec tham dinh cong nghe.
He thdng viin ban phap quy va viec trien khai cu the hoat dpng niiy tap trung viio 2 mang chinh:
Tham dinh dff an dau tff va tham dinh hpp dong chuyen giao cong nghe (CGCN).
Ve cong tac tham dmh du an dau tu
Thong lif sd 1940/1997/TT-BKHCNMT ngay 15.11.1997 ctia Bp KH.CN&MT la van ban phap quy dau tien dffpc ban hanh nham hu'dng dan thdng nhat cong tac nay d ca trung ffPng, cac td chifc quiin ly ve KH.CN&MT cua cac bp/ngiinh va Ciic dia phtfPng. Viin ban nay da phiit huy hieu li/c, tiio cP st^ phiip ly cho c;in bo tham dinh trong gop y kien cho cP quan cap phep diiu tif.Nam 2000. Luijt Dau tit ntrdc ngoiii tai Viet Nam dtfpc bd sung, sifa ddi nhilm tao sff thona
thoang cho cac nhii dau tff ntfdc ngoiii. De phii hpp vdi Luat mdi nay, ngay 23.7.2002, Bp KH.CN&MTda ban hanh Th6ngttfsd55/2002/TT- BKHCNMT thay the cho Thong tff sd 1940/1997/
TT-BKHCNMT neu tren.
Niim 2005, nham thiic hien chti trffdng cila Chinh phii trong tao moi trtfdng thuan ldi cho cac nhii dau tff, khong phiin biet ddi xti giffa nhii dau tff trong va ngoai nffdc, Luat Diiu tU mdi da dUpc ban hiinh (tren cd sd thdng nhat: Luat Dau tu' nffdc ngoiii tiii Viet Nam va Luat Khuyen khich dau tff trong nifdc). Ngay 24.4.2009, Bp KH&CN da ban hanh Thong tff sd 10/2009/TT-BKHCN hffdng dan cong tac tham dinh cong nghe theo Luat Dau tu' niim 2005. Viec ra ddi cda Thong tff nay da gdp phan hoiin thien he thdng van ban phap quy ve dau tff, thiic hien chil trffdng cai each thti tuc hanh chinh, nit ngSn thdi gian xem xet, cap giay chffng nhan dau ttf vii thtfe hien phan cap manh me cho cac dia phffPng.
Tii nam 1990 den nay, viec tham dinh cong nghe du'dc tien hanh vdi mtic tieu xem xet, danh gia SIX phu hop cila cong nghe neu trong dif an dau tu vdi muc tieu ctia dif an; tren cP sd cac chii trtfPng, chinh sach ciia Nha nffdc tiii thdi diem tham djnh dif tin de dffa ra kien nghi vdi cap cd tham quyen ve viec cap phep dau tU cho dif an.
Mac dil chi la mot trong nhffng cP quan tham gia vao quii trinh thiim dinh, cap phep dau tff nhu'ng vdi trach nhiem la cP quan quan ly nha nffdc ve cong nghe, Bp KH&CN (trffdc do la Bp KH,CN&MT) dii cd nhieu cd gang trong viec ddng gdp y kien cho Ciic dff tin dau l\i de dam bao nhap cac cong nghe tien tien, giiim thieu 6 nhigm moi trffdng va diim bao tien dd thifc hien ciic dti ;in dau tff Trong
quii trinh tham dinh, thong qua tham van cua Vu DIG, Bd CO y kien de nghi khong (hoac chifa) cap giay phep dau tff ddi vdi cac dff an nhtf: Dif an xiic rffa tau dau d thanh phd Ho Chi Minh do chu dau tff Singapore thiet lap; Dff an thanh lap Cong ty LinkD - Tech - International Group (Hoa Ky) de nhap phe thai (vd nhifa, vd may tinh, kim loai phe heu...) tff My va chau Au ve san xuat cac san pham cho tieu dung vii xuat khau; cac dif an nhap rac thai, phe lieu nht/a, vd dc, vd trai vao VietNam de che bien; Dff an san xuat tam Idp Fibroximang ciia Tap doan Siam Cement Group (Thai Lan)...
Bp cung da cd y kien budc mpt sd dff an phai thay ddi phffdng an cdng nghe, hoac chuyen doi si dung nguyen. nhien lieu khac: Dif an che bien dau an thffc vat (lien doanh giffa Trung Qudc va thanh phd Da NSng) dti kien sff dting cdng nghe va thiet bi ciia Trung Qudc vdi cong doan tinh che bang phUPng phap hda hpc, da dffdc de nghi thay bang phUdng phap vat ly trong cong doan tinh che nham dam bao chat lUpng, ve sinh an toan thUc pham, ddng thdi giam thieu dffpc cac chat thai dpc hai va phffdng an xff ly chat thai ddn gian, tiet kiem hPn so vdi phffPng phap dffdc de xuat ban dau; Dtf an Nha nwy dien Phti My 1 dti kien suf dting cong nghe ddt nhien lieu theo phffdng phap cd truyen, dii dffdc de nghi chuyen sang ap diing cong nghe tudc bin khi hon hpp - giup giiim dang ke suat dau tff va tang hieu suat ciia Nha may; vdi Dif an dau tff xay dtfng Nha may san xuat quang hoan nguyen trffc tiep tai Ba Ria - VQng Tau dung cong nghe Midrex - la cong nghe sff dung loai quang sat chiJa den 0,1% tiip chat kem, viec xff ly rat tdn kem va phffc tap... nen Bd da de nghi khong khuyen khich, bu()c nha dau tff phai tim phffPng an khac.
De khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep cd von
KHO°AHo'c'°™""'=^°~
H U O N G TOl KY NIEM 5 0 NAM B
dau tUnUdc ngoai ap dung cdng nghe cao vao san xuat cong nghiep. Bp da xem xet vii cap chffng nhan Doanh nghiep cdng nghiep ky thuat cao cho
12 doanh nghiep theo quy dinh tai Thdng tff sd 02/2001/TT-BKHCNMT, trong dd cd 11 doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tff nffdc ngoai cua Nhat Ban va 1 doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tff nffdc ngoai ciia Han Qudc. Cac linh vffc tap trung chii yeu vao siin xuat cac linh kien quang dien, cd quang dien tff, bang mach in...
Ciing vdi viec trtfc tiep tham dinh cong nghe, hang nam, Bp ciing da chii trpng viec phd bien, trien khai cong tac nay d cac Sd KH&CN nhSm gitip cho dpi ngQ can bp quan ly d cac dia phffPng nam vifng cac quy dinh ciing nhff ky nang tham djnh cdng nghe. dan tffng bUdc dap ffng yeu ciiu phan cap quan ly ciia Chinh phff
Ve c6ng tac tham dmh hap dong CGCN
Trong nhffng nam dau ctia cdng cuoc ddi mdi.
hoat dpng CGCN chii yeu lii tff nffdc ngoai vao Viet Nam thdng qua cac dtf an dau tU trtfc tiep nUdc ngoai tai Viet Nam va mdt sd dU an dau tU trong nffdc cd nhap khau cong nghe. Phap lenh ve CGCN tU nUdc ngoai vao Viet Nam dUpc ban hanh nam 1988 cd the coi la van ban dau tien dieu chinh hoat ddng CGCN trong thdi ky thUc hien chinh sach md effa, tiep theo la Bp luat Dan sif (nam 1995) vdi npi dung quy dinh ve CGCN da danh dau bffdc phat trien mdi ciia hoat ddng nay tai Viet Nam.
Trong bdi canh nen kinh te Viet Nam vUa trai qua thdi gian dai ciia cd che ke hoach hda tap trung, cac doanh nghiep (chu yeu la doanh nghiep nhii nffdc) chffa dffpc tiep can va cp sat trong mdi trffdng canh tranh cda kinh te thi trUdng, viec kiem soat chat che hoat ddng CGCN nhU quy dinh tiii cac van ban neu tren la thifc st/ can thiet. Cac quy dinh nhff khdng che gia tran CGCN, rang budc mpt sd dieu kien khi chuyen giao va tie'p nhan chuyen giao ddi vdi cac lien doanh (trong do phia Viet Nam cd sii dung vdn nha nffdc de CGCN) da
thffc sff phiit huy tac dting. gdp phiin gitip cac doanh nghiep trong dam phiin. thffdng thao hpp ddng CGCN vdi ciic ddi tiic nffdc ngoai. Viec phe duyet ciic hpp ddng CGCN tff nffdc ngoai vao Viet Nam quv dinh tai Thdng tu sd 28/TT-QLKH ban hanh ngav 22.1.1994 va Nghi dinh sd 45/1998/ND- CP ban hanh ngiiy 1.7.1998 da giup cho Ciic doanh nghiep Viet Nam khdng phiii thanh toiin phi CGCN cao hPn gia tri thffc ctia cdng nghe. Dien hinh nhff: Hpp ddng CGCN Siin xuii't den hinh cho ti vi va man hinh may tinh giffa Orion Electric Co.. Ltd (Han Qudc) va Cdng ty TNHH den hinh Orion Hanel; hpp ddng CGCN san xuat xe miiy VMEP Viet Nam; hdp ddng CGCN san xuat lop cao su Inoue Viet Nam...
Tiep dd, thifc hien chu trffpng cai ciich hiinh chinh. tang cffdng tinh tii chti ctia cac doanh nghiep. chinh sach ctia Nha nffdc ve CGCN dii cd nhffng thay ddi Idn. trong dd, Nghi dinh sd 11/2005/ND-CP ngay 2.2.2005 ra ddi da bai bd nhffng quy dinh mang tinh kiem soat, khdng che cua Nha nffdc (nhff viec phe duyet ctia Nhii nffdc ddi vdi giii CGCN): cac thti ttic cung ngay ciing thdng thoiing va dPn gian nham gdp phan thu hiit cdng nghe tien tien va giiim thieu d nhiem mdi trffdng tai Viet Nam.
TrUdc sffc ep ciia thi trffdng (canh tranh vdi cac san pham do cac doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tff nffdc ngoiii tai Viet Nam san xua't). nhieu doanh nghiep trong nffdc (dac biet lii ciic doanh nghiep trong linh vffc del may, dien tff, cP khi, thi/c pham vit dffpc pham) da phiii dau tff ddi mdi cdng nghe (thdng qua nhap khau may mdc, thiet bi, cdng nghe tien tien) de nang cao chat Iffdng. ha gia thiinh Siin phii'm, chie'm linh thi ffffdng ffong nffdc vit hffdng tdi xua't khau... Cd the ndi, nhd cd dffpc cac cdng nghe tien tien nay. cac doanh nghiep da tao ra dffdc nhieu siin pham cd chat Iffpng cao
\'a mau ma dep. dap ffng tdt hPn nhu cau ciia thi ffffdng trong nffdc va xuat khiiu...
Thdng qua hoat dpng CGCN trong cac dff tin dau tff trffc tie'p nffdc ngoai da han che den mffc tdi da cac san pham trffdc dd phai nhap khau vdi khdi Iffpng Idn nhff: Vat lieu xay di/ng, hang gia diing, phffdng tien giao thdng...; trinh dp cong nghe san xua't trong nffdc dii dffpc nang cao rd ret so vdi trffdc, dac biet trong mdt sd ngiinh nhff: Vien thdng, dau khi, xay dffng cau dffdng... da tiep thu dffdc cdng nghe tien tien dat trinh dp hien dai ctia the gidi. Mat khac. cac trang thiet bi trong ciic doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tff nffdc ngoiii da dffpc ddi mdi hoac niing cap. trinh dp cP khi hda, ti/
dpng hda dffdc nang cao (nhff: Lap rap ciic biin mach dien ttf: Ijp rap tdng diii dien thoiii ky thuiit
sd: lii'p rap cac siin pham dien tff gia dung: la'p riip d td. xemay...).
Luat CGCN cd hieu life thi hiinh tff ngay 1.7.2007 la van biin phap quy cd hieu li/c phiip ly cao nhat tff trffdc de'n nay. quy dinh thdng nha't \-e hoat ddng CGCN tren liinh thd Viet Nam. tff Viet Nam ra ntfdc ngoai vii tff nffdc ngoai \'ao Viet Nam.
Trong do. Luat dii de cap mdt sd \'a'n de mdi nhff Ban hanh 3 danh mtic cdng nghe (khuye'n khich chuyen giao. hiin che chuyen giao va cam chuyen giao); khdng khdng che mffc phi thanh tOiin td'i da cho CGCN: khdng quy dinh thdi han td'i da ciia hpp ddng CGCN: ve ap diing phap luat. tiffdng hpp hoat dpng CGCN cd yeu td nffdc ngoai thi ciic ben cd the thoa thuiin trong hpp ddng viec iip dting phiip luiit nffdc ngoiii va tap quan thffPng miii qudc te (ne'u phap luat nffdc ngoiii, tap quan thffPng mai qudc te dd khong trai vdi nguyen tiic cP ban cila phap luat Viet Nam): Nha nffdc chi cap phep CGCN ddi vdi cdng nghe thudc danh mtic cdng nghe han che chuyen giao. con ddi vdi cdng nghe thudc danh mtic cdng nghe khuye'n khich chuyen giao thi Ciic ben tham gia ky ke't hpp ddng CGCN cd quyen tff nguyen dang ky de dffpc hffdng ffu diii theo quy dinh ciia phap luat.. Mdt diem quan trpng nffa lit Luat da danh hin mpt chffPng quy dinh ve Ciic bien phiip khuyen khich CGCN.
Ngay 31.12.2008, Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghi dinh sd 133/2008/ND-CP quy dinh chi tiet vit hffdng diin thi hiinh mdt sd dieu cda Luiit CGCN.
Vdi viec ban hanh Nghi dinh nay. cdng tiic quiin ly nha nffdc ddi vdi hoat dpng CGCN dii dffpc phan cii'p manh hPn cho cac Sd KH&CN cua cac tinh/
thanh phd tri/c thutic trung ffPng.
Vdi khung phap ly da tao lap va nhffng ket quii dii dat dffpc. trong thdi gian tdi, hoiit ddng CGCN can tiep tiic phat huy vai trd tich cffc cda minh de dap ffng dffpc nhu cau ngay cang cao cda stl nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nffdc va hdi nhap kinh te qud'c te. Mat khiic. de cd the thuc day, khuye'n khich manh me hPn nffa hoat ddng CGCN. thu hut cdng nghe tien tie'n tff nUdc ngoai
\ao Viet Nam ciing nhUkhuye'n khich phat trien cdng nghe trong nUdc ciin phai tiep ttic hoan thien he thdng phiip luiit dd'i vdi hoat ddng nay. Hien nay, dUpc sii quan tam chi dao cda Bd KH&CN.
VIJ DTG dang tich cUc tie'n hanh viec nghien cffu.
xay dffng de tie'p tuc de xua't vdi ciic cap cd tham quyen ban hiinh kip thdi ciic viin biin quy pham phap luat ve: Ndi dung hoat dpng, dieu kien thanh lap va td chffc hoat dpng cua cac td chffc dich vti CGCN (bao gdm: Diinh gia. dinh giii cdng nghe. tff
\a'n va mdi gidi cdng nghe). tiio cP sd phiip ly de thuc day manh me hdn nffa hoiit ddng CGCN tiii Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi •
