iaiiTmiii,iini-in:

iaiiTmiii,iini-in:

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ThiTc hien md hinh nong nghiep phat trien kinh it hq ndng thdn trong uiing fldt san xuat fliTolc ouy hoach

tai huyen Gd Dau tlnh Tay Ninh

T

rong qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hda dat nffdc, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda nong nghiep ndng thdn la nhidm vu quan trong h&ng ddu. Nghi quyd't Trung Udng 7 (khda X) ve ndng nghidp, ndng ddn, ndng thdn ra ddi dung luc ea nffdc dang day manh cdng nghiep hda hien dai hda dat nffdc, trong dd huyen Gd Dau cung phat trien theo xu hffdng chung cua tmh va ca nffdc. Viec quy hoach eac khu, cum cong nghiep dang dffdc xff c tien, dang chu y la cae vung quy hoaeh nay nam tren vung san xuat ndng nghidp, vi the khi thffe hien phat tri^n cdng nghidp d6ng nghia vdi viee mdt sd' hp ndng dSn khdng cdn dat san xua't hoac bi thu hep dat san xuat. VS'n dl dat ra hien nay la, phai cd dinh hffdng nhff the nao, de vffa dam bao cdng nghidp phat trien, vffa dam bao cuoc song 6n dinh cho nhi/ng hd ndng dan bi thu hdi da't phuc vu quy hoach vd phai cd giai phap giup nhffng ngffdi ndng dan nay tiep tuc 6n dinh cudc song.

Viecphattridnkinhtehd ndngdSnda va dang thtfc hien hieu qua khap ndi d cde viing ndng thdn trong ca nffdc, TP. Ho Chi Minh la mot trong nhu'ng dia ban dffdc tap trung quy hoach khu cdng nghiep ldn, Quan 9 da dinh hffdng cho ndng ddn chuyen hffdng san xuS't tff ndng nghiep nong thdn sang ndng nghiep dd thi, khuyd'n khich dau tff cdc rad hinh san xuat ndng nghidp theo hffdng thu hep dan dien tich dd't tr6ng, tdp trung phat trien cac loai cay tr6ng vdt nudi cd chd't Iffdng cao dap ffng nhu cau tieu dung va tieu thu theo

• Nguydn Thi Kim Nhung

Phdng Ndng nghiep vd PTNT Go Dau

hffdng hang hda, cdc md hinh san xual ndng nghiep dang dffdc triln khai la san xua't hoa lan, cay kieng, ca canh, md hinh VAC, md hinh chan nudi thuy san. O Binh Dffdng, md hinh ket hdp chan nudi, trong trgt lay ngan nudi dai, trdng hanh la, dau bap, nudi heo, thu tdi nhuan tren 100 trieu ddng mdi nam...

Cac md hinh kinh te ndng nghiep khep kin cho hieu qua kinh te eao dffdc phd bi^n tren khap ca nffdc, md hlnh VAC cd nhieu ffu diem nhff: khai thac tridt de tai nguyen thien nhi§n dS^t dai, khi hdu va tap quan ngffdi dan;

san xud't san ph^m hang hda vdi da dang cay, con; sff dung chat thai chan nudi bien thanh khi biogas hoac nudi cd, nudi trun, lay trun nudi ga, vit... tao mot ddng khep kin.

Thffc td'san xua't thdi gian qua cho tha'y cdng khep kin thi hieu qua kinh t^ cdng cao, gid thanh san pham ha va an toan mdi trffdng.

Ngoai ra, md hinh Id'y ngan nudi dai su" dung hiTu hieu cdng lao ddng dia phffdng giup ndng ddn cd hoan canh khd khan dn dinh cudc sdng. Cdc md hinh nay da giup nong dan da dang hda nguon thu nhap, tren cd sd md hinh hidu qua ndy, viec xdy dffng cac md hinh tffdng tff khuyen cao cho cac hp nong dan bi thu hoi da't san xuat ndng nghiep, giup ho cd them nguon thu nhap de dn dinh cudc sd'ng Id dieu can thie't phai thffc hien.

Md hinh san xud't ndng nghiep tich hdp la 1 md hinh mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao.

ddng thdi la hffdng md cho hang hda nong san an todn, bao ve mdi trffdng noia; ;b6n ben vffng, cd y nghia ldn trong vje; via ^iung i

38 «l,Wgl!IIJll,U:Hil,UM,U

• lao dong nong thdn, i:)n dung vd phdt huy het tiem ndng kinh lc ircn m6i h0 gia dinh nong dan, phff hdp cho nhffng hd ndng dSn cd dicn lich itdS'l. Dong ihdi m6i hO gia dinh ndng thdn, lily theo di^n tich dS't, khd ndng phat li'iC'n kinh tc' ho m^ xay dffng md hinh phff hdp di phdt trien.

Tffdo, chung toi da dc xua't nghien cffu d^

tdi "Xay dffng md hinh ndng nghiep phat trien kinh td'hd ndng thdn li'ong vffng d3't s^n xuat dffdc quy hoach tai huy^n Gd Ddu tinh Tay Ninh", 66 tdi da dffdc phd duyel theo quyg't dinh so 2440/QD-UBND ngdy 24/11/2009 cda UBND tlnh TSy Ninh vl vide phd duydt danh muc cdc de tdi, dff ^n khoa hpc vd cdng nghe cap tlnh ndm 2010.

Trdn cd sd nghidn cffu cdc md hinh phil hdp cd hieu qua se dffa ra ffng dung tren qui md rdng hdn, dp dung cho nhffng hd ndng dan c6 dieu kien tffdng tff, giup giai quye't vide ldm cho nong dan khong cdn da't san xua't, day la van de can phai trien khai thffc hien tren ta't ca cdc vung dang phat trien cdng nghiep, ddi hdi sff quan tam dinh hffdng cua hlu he't cdc ca'p nganh d cac dia phffdng.

Vung Phffdc Ddng, Bdi Ldi Id vilng da't san xua't cho hieu qua cao, vilng sdn xu^t chu Iffc cua huy$n G6 Dau vdi cd cd'u 2 vu lua - I vu mdu hodc 1 vu lua - 2 vu mdu.

ngudn nffdc tffdi chu ddng ca n5m nhd vdo he thdng kenh tffdi tidu Ho Dau Tieng phu deu khap canh ddng, gdp phan dffa ndng sua't cay trong dat ndng suat cao, Idi nhudn binh qudn/ha dat 40-50 tridu ddng mdi nS m.

Khi quy hoach cdng nghiep, ti Id da't san xud^t thu hdi hau he't 6 cdc hp, khong it cdc hd hi thu hdi 100% dien tich dS't san xuat, da s6' cdc ho dan cd dS^t trong vilng quy hoach vdn cdn phln dat thd cff hoac dd't vffdn nam ngoai vijng quy hoach, tuy nhien dien tich khong nhidu. Cac rad hinh khuyd'n ndng thffdng xuyen chuyen giao nhffng Id nhffng

md hinh ddn lc, chffa c6 md hinh ndo mang lai hidu qud kinh tdcao, ddng thdi cung chffa tdn dung vd phdt huy dffdc he't tidm ndng s^n cd dd gidm chi phi dau vdo, tdng hieu qud kinh id" cda hd gia dinh nen chffa cd sffc thuyd't phuc hd ndng dan gan ket vdi md hinh.

Ve md hinh, 2 xa Phffdc Ddng, Bdu Ddn dffdc chpn ffng dung md hinh, tap trung vdo cdc dd^i tffdng cay trdng vat nudi hifin dang cd xu hffdng phdt tridn, de ddng tieu thu nhff;

heo, bd, g£l, lua, ddu, bap, rau,.., bd sung mot sd cdy trdng vdt nuoi mdi phff hdp didu ki$n daft dai cdn Iai cua cdc hd dan, vdi nguydn tic vdn hdnh cua hd thd'ng san xua't theo chu trinh khdp kin cdc hdp phan trong san xu^t, he thd'ng boat ddng theo hd hi?u cd, san pham tao ra ddp ffng yeu cau cha't Iffdng, hieu qud. Cdc ldp tdp hud^n dffdc td chffc thffdng xuydn ve cdc bien phdpky thuat thffc hien, td chffc dffdc 20 ldp, hpi thao chuyen giao cac ket qua tren cdc md hinh.

M6 hinh 1: Trdng rau an todn, da dang, tham canh: Vffdn rau dn Id che Iffdi de san xua't quanh ndm, su" dung phdn bdn, thudc bao ve thffc vdt (BVTV) sinh hpc. Trdng dt cay, bl xanh de da dang hda cdc Ioai rau, dp dung theo qui trinh ky thuat san xud't rau an toan.

Mo hinh 2: Vffdn - chudng - trai: Vffdn rau dn Id che Iffdi de san xua't quanh nam, dam bdo an todn. Chudng nudi 2-3 con trSu bd, nudi gd tha vffdn. Trai nudi trun qud, trdng cd xung quanh vffdn ldm thffc dn cho trdu bd, diing che pham sinh hpc (CPSH) xu"

ly chudng trai vd ch^t thai gia sue theo chu trinh: Phan trau bd diing nudi triin que cung vdi nffdc gidi qua xuf Iy bdn cho rau vd cd trdng, con trim qud^ldm thffc an nudi gd thd vffdn, phan trdn qud'bdn cho rau.

M6 hinh 3 : Vffdn - ao - chudng: Vffdn trdng cay an qua, ao nudi ca thara canh trai •

™ i l : l l l l : l , l l : H l i m 39

• bat, chudng nudi ech, tan dung chd't thai tff nudi ech bo sung cho nudi cd, tan dung da't vffdn nhan ldm chudng, ao theo chu trinh:

nffdc thai tff chudng nudi ech dffa qua ao ci, tan dung ldm thffc dn bd sung nudi cd, tdn dung nude ao nudi cd tffdi vffdn.

Md hinh 4: Vffdn - chudng: Vffdn trdng du du Ddi loan, chudng nudi heo hffdng nac.

Lap dat he thd'ng Biogas de xff ly ngudn cha't thai, tdn dung chat thai sau biogas, xff Iy de bdn cho vffdn du du theo chu trinh: Phan heo qua he thd'ng biogas la'y gas sff dung, ngudn phdn sau biogas xff 1;^ bang CPSH dilng bdn cho du dff.

Mo hinh 5: Chan nudi ket hdp: Nudi trau bd 3 con trd len va tham canh trdng cd, nudi trun que, nudi gd tha viJdn, nudi cd tham canh trong hd noi theo chu trinh: Phan trau bd diing nudi trun que cung vdi nffdc giai bdn cho cd trdng, trun qud ldm thffc an bd sungnudiga,cd.

Mo hinh 6: Tham canh 3 vu mau kdt hdp chdn nudi: Trdng rau an toan, trdng bap nep cao san, tham canh cay dau xanh theo qui trinh: thdm canh, sff dung phan bdn hffu cd, vd cd hdp ly, thudc BVTV sinh hoc trong canh tac rau mdu, tdn dung cay ddu, bap ldm thiJc dn bd sung.

Md hinh 7: Luan canh, tham canh 21ua - Imdu: Nhan gidng lua cha't Iffdng, tham canh cay ddu xanh theo qui trinh: Ap dung 3 giam, 3 tang tren Iffa, su" dung phan bdn, thud'c BVTV sinh hpc trong canh tdc rau mdu.

Mo hinh 8: Chdn nudi - trdng na'm : Chudng nudi heo nai hffdng nac, lap ddt hd thdng biogas XIJ" ly ngudn chat thdi, nudi triin que lam thffc an nudi heo, trdng nd'm dd tang thu nhap theo qui trinh: Trun qud' ldm thffc an bd sung nudi heo, phd' pham bit nd'm vd phan bd nudi triin qud', lap ddt he thd'ng biogas lay gas su" dung sinh hoat gia dinh

Cdc md hinh nay dffdc hinh thdnh dffa vao dieu kien cd sd ha tang, vat lieu hien cd cua ndng hd (dien tich dat, dieu kien ldm chudng, trai, ao dam...), cd c^u cay trdng, vat nudi phff hdp vdi phffdng thffc, cdng lao ddng cua hd ndng dan, Cac md hinh

1,2,3,5,6 dffdc trien khai tai xa Phffdc Ddng, md hinh 4,7 dffdc trien khai tai a'p 5, B&u Ddn.

* Ket qud tff cac md hinh:

Qua 20 thdng trien khai md hinh, 08 md hinh da dffdc tridn khai thffc hien cho kd't qua:

Md hlnh 1: trdng rau an toan, da dang thdm canh, ngffdi dan da cd the trdng rau xanh cac loai nhff: cdi xd ldch, mdng tdi...

trong 06 thang mffa mffa, gia cd thffdng eao gd'p 2-3 lan so vdi miia nang, tinh tren lOOOm^ trdng rau miia mffa, ngffdi dan da thu hoach ban thffdng xuyen luan phien cac loai rau thu nhap hang thang 3 trieu trong miia mffa vd 2 trieu trong miia khd, da dang trdn cac loai rau thdra canh nhff dt, bl dao, giup thu nhdp 20 trieu tff dt va 10 trieu tff bi dao, 35 trieu ddng tff rau xanh cac loai, vdi 3000ra^ dd't, da cho thu nhap 65 trieu ddng/nara, dn dinh cudc sd'ng.

M6 hinh 2: Md hinh viTdn chudng trai, vffdn trdng rau xanh, chudng nudi gd, trai nudi trung qu6', vdi didn tich vffdn cdn lai khdng den i.000m\ khi xay dffng md hinh, hien gia dinh cd 02 con bd, dung phan nudi trun qud, chi sau 02 thang da cd Iffa triing mdi vd cff the sinh khd'i trung nhan len, du bd sung cho 200 con gd dn hdng ngay, ve sinh dffdc mdi trffdng vffdn nha dffdc cai thien, nhd cd trffn qud bd sung, dan ga nudi ldn nhanh, chi trong 6 thang , qua 2 Iffa gd nudi, trpng Iffdng binh quan dat 1,4 - 1,5 kg/con, gid bantff65.000-85.000 ddng/kg, thu nhdp 20 trieu ddng, trff chi phi, ldi nhuan thu dffdc la 4,7 tridu ddng, ket hdp vdi manh vffdn

40

«/fm'iiiiinnin,'H.n

* 500m" xung quanh nh;i, trdng rau che Iffdi, ihu nhfip hiing thdng binh quan 1,2 tridu ddng/lhiing. giup cupc sd'ng dan din on dinh.

Mn hinh 3: M6 hinh vffdn - ao - chudng:

Tdn duny nhu'ng khoang sdng cua vffdn nhan dc lam chudng c'ch vii ao ca. vdi so' Iffdng ech mo hlnh diu Iff ban diu Id 1.000 con, qua 2 vu nudi, dung quy trlnh, he thd'ng ao chudng dffdc thict kc lien hodn theo chu irlnh khc|i kin va tan dung ta't ca cac chsft thdi giffa cdc thdnh phln nudi, nffdc xa tir chudng ech ra aocd . tan dung hau nhff todn bp Iffdng thffc 3 n dff thffa cua ech Idm thffc dn cho cd, giam dangkc Iffdng thffc an bdsung nudi cd, vd cff 10 ngdy aocd dffdc thay nffdc 01 lan. nffdc thay tff irong ao dffdc tan dung bdm tffdi cho nhan, vdi chu irinh khep kin nay, dp dung dung quy trinh, thu nhap moi thdng iff ech. Cii lad-10 trieu ddng/thdng, tff nhdn la 5 trieu ddng/ndm, binh quan thu nhap tren 100 trieu ddng/nam, da dem Iai thu nhap dn dinh cho ndng dan,

Md hlnh 4: Viec diu tff 02 heo nai hffdng nac, qua 4 thdng nudi, da cd 2 Iffa heo con, sd Iffdng la 24 con dang trong giai doan chdm sdc, ngudn phdn heo dffdc qua he thd'ng Biogas, tan dung khi gas trong sinh boat, tiet kiem mdi thdng tff gan 400.000d, thu hoach tff SOgd'cdudu blnh quan 1 irieu/thdng.

M6 hinh 5: Tff 3 con bd gia dlnh nudi ban dau, Iffdng phan thai ra hdng ngay khdng dffdc xu" ly gay d nhidm mdi trffdng sd'ng cda gia dinh, md hlnh trien khai xay 1 trai IrDn 50m\ sau 2 thdng khd'i Iffdng triin tdng len, du ddp ffng nudi 200 con ga/2 vu nuoi, Iffdng phdn bd xung quanh nhd dffdc xur ly sach, 1 ao nudi ca ndi dffdc xdy nuoi thffdng xuyen 2 vu/nam ca tre Iai, thu nhap tff gd la 19,5 trieu, tffcd la 5 trieu.

M6 hinh 6: Md hlnh tham canh ke't hdp ddng phan hffu cd, sff dung phe pham viii vdo dd't cai tao dd't trong canh tdc 3 vu lien

tuc gdm blp nep cao sdn, nhan gid'ng dau phdng mdi, irdng rau dn qua, su" dung phdn vd cd hdp I}' trdn dien tich 3.000m^ luan canh lien tuc 3 vu/ndm, thu nhap tCrmd hlnh ndy Id36tridu/nam.

Mfl hinh 7: Sdn xua't liia theo hffdng nhan gid'ng, dp dung bien phdp 3 gidm 3 tdng, thu iihfip 18 trieu tff san xua't gidng lua, Idi nhuan tdng them 3 trieu ddng, giam chi phi 600.000d/vu so vdi san xua't trffdc day, d|u xanh thu hoach, thu Idi 5 trieu, Iffdng cay dau dffdc viii viio da't de tang do phi cho dat canh tdc.

Md hlnh 8: Ket hdp nudi heo ndi sinh sdn, nudi trffn qud bd sung dinh dudng nudi heo con, hicn c6 1 bay 8 con va 1 con dang mang thai, trdng 2.000 bich nd'm, gdm nd'm linh chi vd nam bao ngff xam, thu nhap tff n^m Id 10 trieu ddng.

Kdt qud de tai cd tdc ddng y nghTa thiet ihffc ddn nhieu linh \ffc kinh tdxa hoi vd mdi trffdng vl cd tinh ffng dung va hieu qua cao, md hlnh due kdl ciia de tdi cd the ddng gdp vdo ticu chuan hp gia dlnh ndng thdn trong cdc tieu chi ndng thdn mdi. Hu'dng nghien cffu de lai rat cd trien vpng vi xu hffdng lien kdt cdc hdp phln bd sung hd trd nhau trong san xual. vCra cd tdc dung bdo ve mdi trffdng vffa tao san pham an toan, la hffdng di ben vffng trong phdt tridn nong nghiep hien dai.

Ddi tffdng ffng dung kdt qua nghidn cffli la cdc hp gia dinh ndng dan ndng thon, dae biet ddi vdi cdc hd ndng ddn cd it dd't sdn xui't hodc bi thu hdi da't cho quy hoach thl ddy la mo hinh cln thidt de gia dinh tff san xuS't, tang thu nhap trdn ddn vi dien tich rapt cdch c6 hieu qua cao, dam bao cupc sdng gia dinh, gidi quyet dffdc lao dpng nhan rdi vung ndng thdn, khi c6 cdng an vi$c Idra hi§u qud se gidm cdc t$ nan, tieu cffc xa hdi, gdp phan phdttrien kinhtd xdhdi. D