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C A C V A N D E D.VT R.4 C H O N G H I E N C i l t J T A I N G U Y E N N U O C .M,\T N H A M G I A M T H I E U H.AJV H A N V A P H U C V U
P H A T T R I E N B E N V C M G K H U V U C T A Y N G U Y E N Nguyen Vu Vift Vien Khoa hoc Thily lai Viet Nam Tom tat: Vdn de ihie,, n,cdc vdo mua kho dang Id ihach ihi'rc vo ciing lijn a Tdy Ngnyen nhimg nam gdn day. dnh haimg Iruc nep den da, sdng cia nhdn ddn Irang vimg. Bdi bdo neu mol sd vdn de ve Ihuc Irang qudn ly. kha, ihdc su dung la, nguyen mrdc ,} Tdy Nguyen, nhTrng ldn lai. Ihdch Ihuc Ben canh do cBng gai „,a mdi sd vdn di dal ra cho nghien cim khoa hoc cang nghe phuc v,t qudn li-. khen ihdc hieu qud ldi nguyen nuic mat nhdm phdl tnen hin virng khu vtrc Tdy Nguyen Ti,- khoa: Tai nguyei, mrdc tnal, khn virc Tay nguyen
.Summarj" //, recem yems. ,l,e challenge of ,,-aler shortage in the dry season is a .-serious problem in the Ce„l,-al Highlands ll causes a direct impact on Ihe lives of people everyday This ariicle raises a n„,„ber of issues on ,he status of managemenl, exploilation and usage of water re.wiirces in the Central Highlands The chfficlues and challenges menttoned in Ihis paper has been p,-oposed along ,,-ith the recommendations of not only in scienlific and Icchnologtcal aspecs b,u also in managemenl and efficient exploilation oflhe water resow-ces for sustainable developmenl m the Central Highland.^.
Keytvorils: Surface ivaler resources, Ihe Central I-Iighlanils
1. T 6 N G Q U A N V E T A I N G U V E N NU'fiC
M^T KHU VV'C TAY NGUYEN 1.1. B i c diem dieu kifn tir nhien khu virc Tay Nguyen
Tay Nguyen g6m 5 tinh, xip theo thu tu vi tri dja ly tir bSc xuong nam g6m Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dik Ldk, Dik Nong va Lam Dong voi di?n tich tir nhien la 54.474 kn,^ chiem 16,8%
dien tich tu lAien ca nudc.
Tay Nguyen la vung cao nguyen, phia bic giap tinh Quang Nam, phfa dong giap cac tinh Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, phia nam giap cac tinh D6ng Nai, Binh Phuoc, phia tay giap vdi cac tinh Attapeu (Lao) va Ratanakiri va Mondulkiri (Campuchia).
Ngay nh^n bai: 12/9/2016 Ngay thong qua phan bifn: 10/10/2016 Ngay duyft dang 28/10/2016
Thiic chdt, Tay Nguyen khong phai la mot cao nguyen duy nhdt ma la mot loat cao nguyen lien kl. Dd la cac cao nguyen Kon Tum cao khoang 500 m, cao nguyen Kon Plong, cao nguyen Kon Ha Nung, Playku cao khoang 800 m, cao nguyen M'DrSk cao khoang 500 m, cao nguyen Buon Ma Thuot cao khoang 500 m.
Mo Ndng cao khoang 800-1000 m, cao nguyen Lam Vien cao khoang 1500 m va cao nguyen Di Linh cao khoang 900-1000 m. Tat ca cac cao nguyen nay deu dugc bao bgc vl phia Dong bdi nhiing day mii va khoi nui cao (chinh la Tnrdng Son Nam).
Tay Nguyen lai cd the chia thanh ba tilu vung dja hinh dong thdi la ba tilu viing khi hau, gom B5c Tay Nguyen (tuong ling vdi cac tinh Kon Tum va Gia Lai), Trang Tay Nguyen (tuong ung vdi cac tinh Ddk LSk va Ddk Nong), Nam Tay Nguyen (nrong ling vdi tinh Lam Dong). Trung Tay Nguyen cd dg cao thdp
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE THIJY tOI s d 35 - 2016
KHOAHUC IM-j-ll'UfHil-M
hon va nen nhiet do cao hon hai tilu vUng phia Bac va Nam.
Bdn do hdnh chinh vitng Tdv Nguyen Vdi dac diem thl nhuong ddt dd bazan d dp cao khoang 500 m din 600 m so vdi mat biln, Tay Nguyen rdt phu hgp vdi nhimg cay cong nghiep nhu ca phe, ca cao, hd tieu, dau tdra.
Cay dieu va cay cao su cung dang dugc phat trien tai day. Ca phe la cay cong nghiep quan trong so mgt d Tay Nguyen. Tay Nguyen cung la viing trdng cao su ldn thu hai sau Dong Nam Bg. Tay Nguyen cBng la khu vuc d Viet Nam con nhilu dien tich rimg vdi tham sinh v|t da dang, trO lugng khoang san phong phu hau nhu chua khai thac va tilm nang du lich ldn, Tay nguyen cd thl coi la mai nha cua mien trung, cd chirc nSng phong hg rdt ldn.
Ve tai nguyen niro'c mat;
Lugng raua binh quan nSm d Tay nguyen dat miic trung binh, khoang 1847,2mm. Su phan phoi mua d Tay nguyen rat bat dilu hda, Mua mua trang vdi thdi ky gid mua Tay Nam tir thang V-X lugng mua chilm 85-90% tdng lugng mua nam, 6 thang mua khd tu thang XI- IV chi chiera 10-15% tdng lugng mua nam.
Tay Nguyen la noi bat ngudn cua nhilu he thdng sdng sudi cd lugng mua doi dao, vi vay cd iugng nudc mat kha phong phu va dugc phan bo nrong ddi deu tren 4 tinh theo 4 he thdng sdng ldn (sdng Ba, song Se San, sdng Srepok, sdng Ddng Nai).
Do ldp phu tho nhuong d Tay nguyen la ddt bazan da va cd kha nang thdm, hut nudc manh nen mua lu d Tay nguyen cd su lech pha vdi mua mua, mugn hon hi 2 din 3 fliang. Ddng chay mua lu d Tay Nguyen thang VII-XI chilm 70-77% lugng ddng chay nam, ddng chay mua kiet thu thang XII-VI chiem 23-30%
tdng lugng dong chay nam.
Theo ket qua tinh loan danh gia ddng chay mat cua bao cao tdm tdt quy hoach tong thl thuy Igi vung Tay nguyen cua Vien Quy hoach Thuy lgi nam 2013, cho thdy hang nam tong lugng ddng chay cUa 4 sdng ldn hang nam da chay ra khdi vung la 46,04 x lO' m', blnh quan dau ngudi dat 14.800 m'l ngudi (ca nudc dat 12 000 m'l ngudi). Vdi lugng nudc nhu vay cd the dam bao tudi cho hang tram ngan ha lua 2 vu va vai tram ngan ha mau, cay cdng nghiep ngan, dai ngay cung cac yeu cau nudc cho cdng nghiep, dan sinh..., Hien nay, theo danh gia tai bao cao tdng kit chuong trinh khoa hgc va cdng nghe phuc vu phat triin kinh tl - xa hgi vung Tay nguyen (2016) tdng lugng nudc mat cho cac nhu cau su dung d Tay Nguyen khoang tren 5 ty m', tuy nhien, dc khdng giii dugc nudc vao mua mua va do nudc phan phoi lech pha nhau, thdi ky dimg nudc vao mua kho thudng chilm tren dudi 70%, trong khi dd lugng nudc din chi chilm 30% va vao mua mua lugng nudc yeu cdu khoang 20 + 30% thi lugng nudc din chilm khoang 70%, lai phan bd khdng deu giita cac khu vuc trong vung, chinh vi vay, tuy tdng lugng nudc binh quan dau ngudi cao, nhung thuc tl cho thdy, vao mua khd d Tay Nguyen vln cd rdt nhilu vung bi khd han, do dd viec tich trir, dilu hoa ngudn nudc giira cac miia trong nam, giua cac khu
™c trong vung la rat cin thilt.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E THUV 101 SO 35 -
I KHOA HOC ^ E l ! 3 ! B i l ^ B
1.2. Thu-c trang khai thac, sfr dung tai nguyen nu^c ff khu VIJC Tay nguyen Cdp nuac cho ngdnh nong nghiep:
Theo so lieu thong ke dat dai nam 2013, t6ng dien tich tir nhien toan vung la 5.464.107 ha dien tich dat nong nghiep chiem 89,5%, dat phi nong nghiep chiem 6,56% va dat chua sii dung con 4,99%. Dien tich dat san xuit nong nghiep 2.233,4 ha (chi6m 40,9% tong dien tich). Di?n tich 6.ii trdng cay hang nam 841.675 ha, trong do dien tich dat trong lua chi CO 169.661 ha, con lai ia cay hang nam nhu mia, san. Dien tich dSt trong cay lau nam 1.126.569 ha chifim 57,2% dien tich dSt san xdat nong nghiep, cho thSy cay cong nghiap lau n3m la the manh cua vung Tay Nguyen.
Hi?n nay a Tay Nguyen san xuat chii yeu !a Nong Lam nghiep. Tir nam 2000 tra lai day ng^inh Nong nghiep va PTNT da chuyen dfli CO cau kinh te theo huong san xuat hang hoa nen cong tac tham canh tSng vu, tSng nang suat cay Uong c6 gia tri kinh te cao thi tnrang lieu thu rgng va dang phat trien manh.
Theo ket qua diSu tra ciia d6 tai TN3/T28 (2015), hien tai toan viing Tay Nguyen da xay dung dugc 2354 cong trinh thuy lcri, trong do CO 1190 hfl chira , 972 dap dang, 130 tram bom tuoi, 62 cong trinh khac, voi dien tich tuoi thiet ka la 288.145ha. Tuy nhien dien tich tuoi thuc xk chi dat la: 214.645ha, dat 74,4%
so voi thiSt ka. Trong do, tuoi cho iiia la 83.145ha; mau la 14.486ha; cay cong nghiap la: 117.015ha; Tflng di?n tich tuai bSng b^ng cac cong trinh thiiy loi mcri chi dat 27,8%.
Theo ket qua tinh toan nhu ciu nuac tuai cho 9 cay trflng cflng nghiep va nong nghiep chii luc (TN3Ar28) d^n nam 2020 tang tir 0,44- 5,1% va den nSm 2030 tang tir 0,7-6,9%. Kha nang cung cSp nuoc mat: Tflng dien tich tudi sau khi nang cip cac cong trinh la 246.505ha, trong do phuc vu tuoi cho 97.987ha liia, 125.799 ha ca phe con lai la mau va cay khac.
Cap nuac sinh hogt
Nuoc cho sinh hoat va va viing nong thon bao gom ca 2 nguon la nudc mat (song, suoi, ho) va nudc ngam. Tong so dan nong thon t o ^ Tay Nguyen dugc sir dung nudc hgp ve sinh Ii 2.931.662 ngudi (dat 72%). Theo danh gia cua de tai TN3/T02 - Nghien cuu ca sd khoa hgc cho giai phap tong th6 giai quyat cac mSu thuin Igi Ich trong viec khai thac su dung tai nguyen nudc lanh tho, hien nay cap nudc s^ch nflng thon tai Tay Nguyen chu yeu ia su dyng nguon nudc ngam qua cac cong trinh cSp nudc tap trung, giang khoan, gieng dao va chu yeu la khai thac nudc ngam tang nong. Co rat it cong trinh khai thac nudc mat phuc v^ c3p nudc sach nong thon.
2. NHlTNG T 6 N T A I VA THACH THlTC L 6 N V E VAN DE N i r d C MAT KHU VV'C TAY NGUYEN
Miia kho 2015-2016, han han da xay ra gay gSt d khu vuc Tay Nguyan, anh hudng nghigm trgng den san xuat, doi song cua nh§n dan, nhat la d nhung viing chua co cong trinh thiiy Igd hoac chi co cflng trinh thuy Igri nho chua chu dgng ngufln nudc. Theo sfl li$u quan trSc khi tugng thuy van khu vuc Tay NguySn, qua dgt han han da c6 hon 35% s6 sflng, suoi vi 40% h6 nho ki$t nudc. Nhi6u hfl thiiy lgi, thiiy dien chi dat 30-50% thiflt ke, hang trSm h6 chiia nudc can hoac dudi muc nudc chat. Tinh dan thang 6-2016, toan viing Tay NguySn c6 gan ISO.OOOha cay Uflng bi han, udc tflng thift hai khoang hem 5.400 ty dflng, gdn 70.000 hg dan thieu nudc sinh hoat. DiSu do thiy rfl vi?c Tay Nguyen dang dfli mat vdi thach thiic ldn va an ninh nguon nudc...
Theo danh gia tai bao cao tflng ket chuang trinh khoa hgc va cflng ngh? phyc vy phat triin kinh ta - xa hgi viing Tay nguyan (2016), den nam 2020 dudi tac dgng cua BDKH, nhin chung nhi?t dg ciia vimg Tay Nguyan t5ng khoanh 0,4-0,5°C, trong khi do lugng mua vio miia dong v i miia xuan tren viing Tay Nguyen
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H E THUY LOI 5(5 35 - 2016
KHOA giam tir 1,7% din 3,8%. Dilu nay khiln Hnh
trang khd han vao mua khd cang trd nen nghiem trgng. Kit qua tinh toan can bang nudc tren cac luu vuc sdng Tay Nguyen den nam 2020 cd xet din BDKH cho thjy lugng nudc thieu hut cho cac nganh dimg nudc ttong vimg tang len dang kl so vdi phuong an tinh toan nam 2010. Vdi tin suit 75% thi toan luu vuc Tay Nguyen nam 2020 thilu 6.305,79xl0V va vdi tdn suit 85% thilu hut se la 6.348,32xl0V nudc. Trong dd, phdn ldn lugng nude thilu hut chu yiu tap trung vao nganh trdng ttgt va dam bag ddng chay tdi thieu. Tdng lugng nudc thilu hm hien nay cho trdng trgt tten tgan Tay Nguyen khoang 2 6-
2 , 7 t y m l '
* Tac ddng cua biln ddi khi hau
Sg bicn ddi cua khi hau toan cju da, dang va se tac dgng manh me din tai nguyen nudc.
Theo danh gia budc ddu, vao nam 2070 vdi kjch ban nhiet do khdng khi tang them 2,5 - 4,5 do C, lugng ddng chay sdng ngdi ciing se bien ddi tuy theo muc dd biln ddi cua lugng mua, neu lugng mua giam 10% thi ddng chay nam cd the giam 17 - 53% ddi vdi kich ban nhiet dd khdng khi tang 2,5 dd C va giam 26 - 90% vdi kjch ban nhiet dg khdng khi tang 4,5 dg.C. Dieu nay da hien hiiu tai day vdi nan han han da va dang lam thiet hai hang ttam ngan ha gieo ttdng lua va udc tinh 1 tri^u ngudi dan d cac tinh Tay Nguyen bi thilu nudc sinh hoat.
Su can kiet, d nhilm ciing nhu su khan hilm ngudn nudc se cang ttdm ttgng niu khdng cd cac bifn phap quan ly tdt tai nguyen nudc. Khan hiem va diilu nudc la mdi de doa rdt nghiem ttgng ddi vdi su ton tai cua con ngudi ttong hrong lai. Bdi vay cdn cd cac giai phap quan ly, khai thac va bag vg tdt tai nguyen nudc.
•Tac ddng do phat triin san xuat qua muc, do giam dien tich rimg va Idp phu thuc vat Trong gdn 25 nam khai thac, dien tich ddt san xuat ndng nghiep tang rdt nhanh, Hr 439,9
Huc ^ A U f X T T f
nghm ha nam 1990, chilm 7,9% dien tich tu nhien len 807,1 nghin ha chilm 14,8% nam 2010 va 2.233,4 nghin ha, chilm 40,9% nam 2014. Tir nam 1990 din nam 2014, dien tich dat san xuit ndng nghiep tang 1.793,5 nghin ha (tang 5,08 lin). Trong khi dd dien tich dit lam nghiep giam 693,2 nghin ha, tir 3.336,6 nghin ha nam 1990 xudng cdn 2.643,4 nghin ha. Do che phu rung giam tir 60% nam 1990 xudng cdn 48,4% nam 2014, dien tich rung nguyen smh, nmg phdng hg ngay cang thu hep. Cac nguyen nhan tten lam tang nhu cdu nudc qua muc ttong khi ddng chay lu tang va ddng chay kiet giam, va ciing lam giam kha nang bd sung va phuc hdi ting nudc ngam toan vung.
* Van de khai thac diuy dien tten he thdng sdng Bdn ddng song ldn nhit cua Tay nguyen la Serepdk, Se San, sdng Ba va Ddng Nai cd tdng lugng nudc mat tmng binh nam gdn 50 ti m^
hien cd 190 thUy dien Idn nhd dugc xay dung tten sdng chinh va cac nhanh sdng. Tu dd, cac sdng ldn cua Tay nguyen bi diuy dien chia cat va gan nhu khdng cdn la ddng sdng ma ttd thanh he sinh thai ho vdi ddng chay luu toc thap. Ngudn nudc Tay nguyen ddi dao nhung trong qua trinh hoat ddng thuy dign da chuyin nudc tu Tay nguyen sang luu vuc khac, lam tram ttgng them su thieu hut nudc d day.
• Van dl chinh sach va thl chl quan ly sir dung tai nguyen nudc ndi chung va diu tu, quan ly, khai thac cdng trinh thuy lgi ndi rieng:
- Van dl dat ra la lam thl nao dl chung ta giai quyet dugc bai toan mdt can ddi trong vigc khai thac, su dung ngudn nudc - vdn dl thilt yeu cho su sdng va mgi boat ddng phat triin kinh te - xa hdi cua mdt vung, mgt qudc gja Oiai quyet bai toan khaj thac su dung ngudn nuoc mdt each ben virng dei hdi cdn cd tu duy phan tich he thdng, giai quyit baj loan quan ly tong hgp luu vuc sdng va quan ly tdng hgp vung. Can nghien cuu dl xudt giai phap quan ly tong hgp luu vuc sdng dl dam bao su dung
TAP CH( KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE THUV i g i s d 35,2016
I KHOA HOC | ^ B * ! ! 3 ! B I 1 ^ B
tfli uu tii nguyen nudc, hai hoa lgi ich gifia thugng va ha du, giiia cac nganh nhu: phat dien, trong trgt, thiiy san, sinh hoat, dich vu.
- Quan ly khai thac cong trinh thiiy Igi hien tai vin chil yeu thuc hien theo ca che bao cap, vdi hinh thlic giao ke hoach gay nen tinh trang tri tre, yau kem trong quan ly cong trinh thiiy lgi.
Thiau CO cha chinh sach tao dgng luc da ngudi dan, doanh nghiep tham gia xay dung, quan ly cong trinh thiiy lgi ngi dong,
3. VAN DE DAT RA CHO NGHIEN CUtJ PHVC VU QUAN LY, KHAI THAC HIEU QUA TAI NGUYEN N U 6 C MAT PHUC Vy PHAT TRIEN BEN VLTNG KHU VI/C TAY NGUVEN
Viec khai thac, sir dung hieu qua, ben vimg tai nguyen dat , nudc, rimg, cac van As san xuat nong nghiep gSn lien vdi bao ve moi trudng doi hoi phai co nhimg giai phap cin co, toan dien cho ca viing.
Xac dinh khoa hgc cflng nghe la khau then chot de tao dot pha trong cflng tac quan ly, khai thac hieu qua tai nguyen nudc phuc vu phat trien ben vimg Tay Nguyen chiing toi da xuat mpt so nhom gia phap nhu sau:
1. Nguyen cim cac giai phap cong nghe da tao ngufln, trir nudc, tranh that thoat nudc, chuygn nguon. tudi tien tien, tiet kiem.
De thuc hi?n dugc cac giai phap d tren, gop phan dam bao an ninh nudc cho Tay Nguyen, viec nghien ciru cac giai phap cong nghe mdi de tao nguon, tru nudc, tranh thdt thoat nudc, chuygn ngufln nudc, cflng nghe tudi tign tien, tiel kiem se la mgt cong cu huu hieu.
Ra scat danh gia lai nhiem vu theo thiat ka va theo quy hoach ciia cac cdng trinh thiiy lgi Idn, dau tu (bang nhieu hinh thuc) kenh cac cap den mat ruflng da nang cao hieu qua khai thac cac cong uinh nay.
Nghien cim, xem^ xet kha nang khai thac nudc Iir cac hfl, sflng bang bom.
Nghien cuu giai phap dan nudc bang flng ap luc kat hgp voi tuoi tian tien va tiet kiem nudc.
2. Nghien cuu de xuat giai phap nang cao kha nang luu gifi va khai thac hieu qua tai nguyen nudc mat phuc vu phat trien ben vihig khu vuc Tay Nguyan.
Trudc het can xem xet nghien cuu khi nang nang cao toi da dung tich cac ho hien co va cac hfl chuan bi xay dung.
Xuat phat tir tinh dac thii ve dia hinh, cha dg khi hau, mang thuy vSn v i su phat trien cong nghiep tren dign rgng, thi vi?c Igi dung dja hinh doi d Tay Nguyen da xay dap, tao ra hf thflng cac hfl chira quy mfl nho, da tru nudc vao miia mua va sir dyng vao miia kho co the dugc xem la giii phap mang tam chien luge nham thich ung vdi bien doi khi hau vi bfli canh cua Tay Nguyan (co bai hgc rat thanh cong d huyen Don duong. Lam dong). Vdi he thong ho triJ nudc mfit rii khap viing se dem lai lgi ich to ldn va thiat thuc cho dflng bao Tay Nguyen. Dong thdi vdi cac giai phap xiy cac ho chiia nho trir nudc tran mat, cin nghien cim xem xet klia nang chuyin mgt phin nudc mfit du thira miia mua bfl cap cho nudc ngim tang nong va tang sau da tang do im cho dit va tfing dung lugng khai thac nudc ngim vao miia khfl, day cung se la mgt giai phap het sue quan trgng.
2. Nghian cuu xay dung bfl cong cy quan iy tai nguyen nudc dim bao du bao, quin ly nguon nudc mat, dac biet vio miia kho mgt each chil dgng.
Trudc het, can phai ning cao nfing lyc du bao cimg cfl, bfl sung mang ludi dieu tra quan trSc tai nguyen nudc, bao gdm ci nudc mfit vi nudc dudi dat, c i lugng va chit, tien hinh kiam ka danh gia tai nguyen nudc trong cac luu vuc song, va toin vimg.
Nghian cuu xay dung bg cong cy tinh toan da dam bao du bao, quin ly nguon nudc mfit, dfic
TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E THUY LOI S6 35 - 2016
biet vao mua khd mdt each chu dgng phuc vu chien luge phat ttiln kinh t l - xa hdi ttong dieu kien biln doi khi hau khu vuc Tay nguyen. Ddng thdi kit hgp vdi nghien cuu.
img dung cdng nghe khdng gian GIS - Viin tham trong quan ly han ban dam bag du bag, quan ly ban ban chu ddng phuc vu chiln luge phat ttien mdt so loaj cay trdng chu luc trong dieu kien biln doi khi hau khu vuc TSy nguyen, gdm: Quan ly dien tich cay trdng chu luc dua tren cdng nghe WebGIS; Nghien cuu bg cdng cu giai doan anh vien tham Sentinel (anh dugc cap mien phi) dl xac djnh dien tich cay trdng (tap trung cho cac cay trong can, cd gia tri kinh t l cao nhu ca phe, hd tieu, cao su, v,v...).
3. Nghien cuu dl xuit cac gjai phap KHCN va chinh sach nang cao hieu qua quan ly, khai thac he thdng cdng trinh thUy lgi vung Tay Nguyen.
Nghien ciru nang cao hieu qua quan ly khai thac he thdng thuy Igj hien cd, ddy manh cdng tac myen trayen chu ddng cd giai phap phdng Iranh, tinh toan du bag dl chu ddng tich nudc sdm trong cac hd chia, kenh muong ao ho.
Nghien cuu dl xudt co chl cgng ddng, doanh nghiep tham gia diu nr, quan ly hg thdng thuy lgi nhd, cdng uinh cip nudc sinh boat phu hgp vdi chu ttuong xay dung canh dong dicn Uch ldn, thich nghi vdi dilu kien tu nhien cua vung.
t^ggai ra, ddi vdi vung Tay Nguyen ndi chung can phai chu ttgng nghien cuu cac giai phap tdng hgp nhim^ han chl bdi ldng cac ho chua vua va nhd, chong thim (chdng mdt nudc) cho cac hd chua, nghien cuu cac giai phap cai tao nang cip Iran, tang dung tich chua cUa cac hd
KHOA HOC
chua vua va nhd (giai phap dap cao su, giai phap ttan kilu lat - dap cdu chi, giai phap ttan xa lu kilu rang cua phim Piano,.v.v.); Giai phap cai tao, sua chira cdng ldy nudc va kenh dan, Giai phap bd sung nhan tao nudc dudi dat; dac biet la cin quan tam xay dung cac ho chua de tru nudc tao nguon cho khu vuc.
4. KET LUAN
Tay Nguyen la vung ddt cd lugng mua kha doi dao, tap ttung chu yeu vao mua mua, nhung it CO kha nang luu ttir cho mua khd, lugng nudc cap thudng bi thicu hut, dien tich bj ban Idn anh hudng khdng nhd din cac hoat dgng phat trien kinh tl - xa hdi.
De gdp phin tao nen sir phat ttiln raanh me va ben vimg hon cho vimg, cin phai ddy manh hon nira viec nghien cuu, ung dung cac giaj phap khoa hgc cdng nghe nhim dam bag dien tich dugc tudi toi da cho Tay nguyen trudc hit la cd cac gjai phap dot pha vl quy hoach nhu chuyen nudc di xa, phat huy hieu qua cac hd chiia ldn, nao vet nang cao dung tich cac ho chua nhd, cd cg chl khuyin khich dl ngudi dan va doanh nghiep xay dung mdi cac hd chua cue nhd. Nghien cuu ap dung cdng nghg du bao tien tiln dl xac djnh thdi gian tich nudc vira dam bao an toan cdng trinh vira tan dung tdj da tai nguyen nudc. Nghien cuu ap dung van hanh ho chua theo thdi gian thuc dl tao dot pha. Nghien cuu nang cao nang luc, hieu qua quan ly, khai thac su dung tai nguyen nudc d Tay Nguyen la vdn dl hit sue cdp bach. Can nghien cuu chuyin nudc mat du thua mua mua bd cap chg nudc ngdm dl tang dd am cho dat va tang dung lugng khaj thac nudc ngam vao mua khd.
TAP CHI KHOA HOG vA CONG NGHE THUY 101 S d 3 S - 2 0 I 6
