MOT SO VAN DE L^ LUAN VA THlTC T I I N

22 ^LEVANBINH

XAY DI/NG TAM NHJN

CHO DOI NGU CAN BO LANH DAO, QUAN LV d VIET NAM HIEN NAY:

MOT SO VAN DE L^ LUAN VA THlTC T I I N

LEVAJijiNHi—

Tom fof: rdm nhin Id y tudng the hiin udc ma, hodi bdo, khdt vgng eua ngUdi Idnh dao, qudn ly hoae cua td chdc ve mgt su bien doi manh me nhdm dgt dugc vi thexUng ddng trong tUang lai cdn phdi cd cho td chdc hay cdng ddng xd hgi, qudc gia. Song song vdi viec ndng cao ndng luc tU duy, thi viec xdy dung tdm nhin cho ddi ngu cdn bd Idnh dao, qudn If, nhdt Id d cdp chien luge. Id rdt quan trgng vd edp thiet nham dua Viet Nam trd thdnh nude cdng nghiep theo hUdng hiin dai, v) muc tiiu ddn gidu, nude manh, ddn chu, cdng bdng, vdn minh, ngdy cdng phdn vinh, hanh phuc

Tit khda: tdm nhin, xdy dung tdm nhin, cdn bd Idnh dao, qudn ly.

Abstract: Vision is the idea of expressing dreams, ambition and aspirations of a leader, manager or an organization for a strong transformation in order to achieve a good position in the future as a must for the organization, a social community and a nation. It is important and crucial to build a vision for leaders and managers, in parallel with the enhancement of thinking capacity, especially at the strategic level that aims to make Vietnam become a modern and industrialized nation for the goal of prosperity and a strong, democratic, equitqble, qnd civilized country, creating more prosperity and happiness.

Keywords: vision, vision building, leaders, managers.

Ngay nhan bah 18/3/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 02/6/2019 Dat van de

C

an bd la nhan td quyet djnh sy thanh bai ciia cIch mang. Xay dyng dpi ngii cin bd, nhit la can bd cip chien luge du pham chat, nang lyc, uy tin va ngang tam nhiem vy la cdng viec he trgng cua Bang;

d i u t u xay dyng dpi ngu can bd la dau tU cho phit trien llu d l i , ben vUng. VI the, nghj quyet Hdi nghi ian thU biy Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng khoi XII ve tap trung xay dyng dpi ngu can bd cIc cip, nhat la cap chien luge, du phim chat, nang lyc va uy tin, ngang t i m nhiem vy d l chi rd:"Sau han 20 n i m thyc hien Nghj quyet Trung uong 3 khoi VIII ve Chien lupc cin bd, dpi ngu can bd cac c i p cd budc trudng thanh, phat trien ve nhieu mat, chit lugng ngly cIng dugc nang len, tUng budc dap Ung yeu cau ciia ' Hoc vien Chinh tri khu vijc III.

Email: levandiiihhvkv3@gmail.com.

thdi ky day manh cong nghiep h o i , hien dai hoa dat nudc..."; tuy nhien, tren thyc te van cd "mdt sd can bp lanh dao, quan ly, trong dd cd ca c i n bd c i p chien luge, thieu gugng mau, uy tin thap, nang iuc, pham chat chua ngang t i m nhiem vy" (Bang Cdng sin Viet Nam, 2018). Do dd, song song vdi viec ning cao nang lyc t u duy, thi viec xiy dyng tam nhin cho dpi ngii cin bd lanh dao, q u i n ly la viec rat quan trpng, c i p thiet trong cdng t i c can bd hien nay.

1. ICinh nghiem cua mot so quoc gia chau A ve xay dung tam nhin

NhOng hinh mau thinh cdng cua cac qudc gia tren the gidi nhu Tieu Vuong qudc A Rap, Singapore, HIn Qudc... minh chdng cho vai trd tam nhin ciia dpi ngu cin bd lanh dao, quIn ly, nhit II cin bd lanh dao, quan ly cap chien luge. 0 Singapore, tam nf^ln cunq nhu kha nang hien thyc hda tam nhin r i , .

Tap chi Khoa hocxa h61 mienTrung, So 03 (59) -2019 ong Ly Quang Bleu da de lai d i u an dam net ciia qudc gia nay. Theo dng, sU thanh cdng ciia mdt qudc gia bao gdm ba yeu to: dieu kiSn ty nhien, con ngudi v l thdi cd, trong dd yeu to con ngudi la rat quan trpng. Tam nhin cOa Ly Quang Dieu dugc the hien d nhUng chien lupc cd tinh dot p h i nhu: Quyet dinh iSytieng Anh lam ngdn ngUchlnh trong giao tiep xa hpi (vUa dam bao sy binh dang dan tpc, sy doan ket xa hdi, vUa giup khai t h i c tdt nhat tai nguyen con ngudi va hdi nhap qudc te): thu hUt va sU dung hien tai (xay dyng mot xa hdi rpng md de ddn n h i n nhan tai til cac qudc gia khac den lap nghiep va sinh song lau dai; khdng phan biet xuit xU, thanh phan gial cap, tdn giao, sac tpc) (Duang Van QuIng, 2007); xiy dyng thanh phd t o l n ciu (mang tfnh chit bdn phUdng, thda man mpi dieu kien ciia ngUdi dan den khap ndi; biet bao dung va che chd, biet thu hut va trgng dung nhan tai, khdng phan biet sac tpc, tdn giao va van hda, phit trien cIc djch vy (tli chinh ngan hang, luat, gilo dye, y te, du Ijch) (Duong Van Quang, 2007); trong quan he ddi ngoai mem deo v l iinh hoat (them ban bdt thil, hpp tic v l budn b i n vdi cac qudc gia theo nguyen tac cung cd Igi, khdng phan biet y thUc he, cam ket duy tri mdi trudng an ninh va hda binh trong khu vyc, hgp tac chat che vdi cac nudc ASEAN vi hda binh, dn dinh,tien bdva hdi nhap (Duong Van Quang, 2007, tr.l 29). Tam nhin ciia dng con the hien dude vpng trong tuong lai Singapore se trd thanh trung tam du ijch, hpc tap va chUa benh; trung tam tai chinh va djch vu, trung tarn trpng tai qudc te va trung t i m hdi nghj the gidi.

dTieu Vuang qudc A Rip, DuBai la t h i n h ph6 nang ddng v l hien dai bac nhat the gidi - chi trong 20 nam, vdi dan sd khoing 2 trieu ngudi tren dien tfch 4.000km^ DuBai da phat trien thin ky, ndi len nhu 1 thanh phd I, toan cau va la 1 trung tam kinh te ciia the

23 gidi vdi cac trung tam tai chinh, cdng nghe thdng tin, du lich, cang bien, bat ddng sin va cIc cdng trinh do so bac nhit the gidi.

Co dupc ket q u i noi tren cd nhieu nguyen nhan, trong dd khdng the khdng ke den t i m nhin chien luge ciia gidi lanh dao DuBai tU t h i p nien 1970 (tUthii tudng Sheikh Rashid bin Seed AI Maktoum, thii tudng Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid AI Maktoum, den thii tudng Mohammed bin Rashid AI Maktoum:

"Tam nhin la con dudng de phit trien thyc sy. Chan trdi khdng cd gidi han, mpt tam nhin khdng the cd b i t ky ranh gidi nao. Cang den g i n dudng chan trdi, cang cd nhieu ranh gidi md rdng hon. Mdt tam nhin chien luge phii phu hgp vdi ranh gidi mdi, nhUng khat vong mdi. Chung ta se tiep tyc thuc day tam nhin ve phia trUdc" (Mohammed bin Rashid AI Maktoum, 2015).Tim nhin ve tuong lai ciia DuBai la trung tam kinh doanh v l thuang mai t o l n ciu; II diem den dang cip the gidi cho doanh nghiep, du Ijch va khdi nghiep kinh doanh; la trung t i m thuang mai, tai chinh, du lich va logistics; la trung t i m tri thUc cho mdt thi trudng rdng idn va sdi ddng han 2 ty ngudi dTrung fldng, Bac Phi va Nam A; la ndi cung cap mang ludi, tien nghi va djch vu xUng dang cho ngUdl d i n Dubai.

d Han Qudc, Park Chung Hee dugc xem II nha kien tao qudc gia vi dai. TU n i m 1961 trong bdi cInh Han Qudc vUa trai qua cupc chien tranh khdc liet vdi dan sd thua thdt, tai nguyen thien nhien ngheo nin; Park Chung Hee da xic djnh t i m nhin ve muc tieu xiy dyng kinh te'"Lam cIch nao trong vdng 10 nam, chiing ta tao dupc mpt nen kinh te dUng dau d fldng A va sau 20 nam, chung ta se trd thanh cudng qudc kinh te tren the gidi. Chung ta se bat the gidi phii ngudng md chiing ta". fle hien thyc hda muc tieu nPi tren Park Chung Hee tai lap quan he binh thudng vdi Nhat Ban (1964), thyc hien ChUdng trinh Saemaul (Phong trao Cdng

24 ^LEVANBINH ddng Mdi) de canh tan ndng thdn; thyc hien

cdng trinh xa Id Idn nhat trong Ijch sU Han Qudc (xa id Seoul - Busan: xa id dai 428 km, bang qua 29 cau chinh, 208 cau nhd va 6 dudng h i m chinh) chay dpc theo chieu dai cua Han Qudc, tU thii dd Seoul tdi hai cang Pusan d bd bien phia Nam (khdi cdng nam 1960 va khanh thinh nam 1970).

2. Tinh hinh xay dung tam nhin cho doi ngu lanh dao, quan ly cr Viet Nam

Thd nhdt, dpi ngu cin bp linh dao, quan ly d nudc ta, tU cap chien luge den cap co sd van cdn nhUng han che ve tam nhin, so vdi yeu cau v l xu the phat trien chung ciia dat nudc, cua khu vyc va the gidi.Theo Ngd Ngpc Thang, nguyen nhan ciia tinh trang tren chii yeu la do tac ddng cua nhUng rao can che khuat tam nhin ciia ngudi lanh dao, quan ly:

han che ve thdng tin, ve kien thUc hpi nhap;

thieu cii nhin tdng the, chien lupc, dai han, t u duy he thong; han che ve cIch tiep can phat trien ben vUng; t i c ddng bdi yeu td Igi fch nhdm, tuduy nhiem ky, Igi ich cue bd dja phuang; mac benh kinh nghiem chii nghia hole gilo dieu; thdi quen cua kieu quIn ly hanh chinh, bao cap, cd che xin cho, thieu sy chu ddng, sang tao va tinh t h i n d i m nghi, d i m lam; thieu ky nang truyen cam hdng ve tam nhin... (Ngd Ngpc Thing, 2016). NhUng cdng trinh nghien ciiu ve t i m nhin vung, lien ket vung d khu vuc mien Trung va Tay Nguyen gan day da chi rd han che ndi tren:

6 Viing Kinh te trpng diem mien Trung da co nhUng nd luc trong hoat ddng lien ket viing nham tao dyng mdt "khdng gian kinh te chung". Tuy nhien, ben canh nhUng ket q u i dat dugc, trong qua trinh phat trien con bdc Id nhieu bat cap han che: Phit trien cd tinh cyc bd cao va thieu ben vUng; cd bieu hien canh tranh khdng lanh manh trong thu hut d i u tUgiUa cac dja phUdng; sullen ket, phdi hgp giUa cac dja phugng cdn rdi rac, chua tao ra sUc manh tong hgp, cdn mang tfnh

hlnh thUc, thieu cd che lien ke't va thuc hien cIc cam ket...(Le Van Binh, 2019). Tai Hpi thao "Dien dan Kinh te mien Trung lan thil 2"

ngly 25/9/2017 vdi chii de"Con dUdng phat trien kinh te mienTrung ben vUng", vdi tham luan "Rao c i n the che vdi tang trudng kinh te cac tinh thupc vung kinh te trpng diem mieri Trung v l Tiy Nguyen", Bui Quang Binh da nhan manh, rao can the che vdi ting trudng kinh teclctinh vimg kinh te trpng diem mien Trung va Tay Nguyen la tam nhin hoach dinh va thyc hien the che cua chinh quyen cic dja phuong cdn mang nang tinh tieu ndng san xuat nhd va t u cap ty tuc. Trong hoach djnh the che v l chinh sich, diu an tU duy y lai vao tai nguyen rd net thay vl djnh hudng phat trien theo chieu sau v l cong nghe, cham thay ddi v l thich Ung vdi bdi cInh cd nhieu thay ddi (Bui Quang Binh, 2007);

Thdhai, t i m nhin hoach djnh va thyc hien the che cua chinh quyen cac dia phuang cdn mang nang tinh tieu ndng: san xuat nhd va t u cap t y tiic. Phan Idn chfnh sach phat trien va cic quy djnh chl gdi gpn trong khdng gian hanh chfnh chU khdng phii khdng gian kinh te vung lanh thd, qudc gia hay rdng hon ra khu vUc. Khdng gian kinh te thudng phan theo viing vdi nhUng dac diem chung ma mdi tinh thanh la mpt bd phan va giUa chiing cd mdi quan he tuong t i c lan nhau - t u each t u duy dd dSn tdi cho den nay t i t c l cac tinh deu mudn cd san bay, ben cIng, trudng dal hpc.

Nguyen nhan ciia nhOng han che, b i t cap d Viing Kinh te trpng diem mien Trung la t i m nhin vting, lien ket kinh te ndi viing chua dugc xem II mdt ndi dung dich thyc va cd vj tri thyc sy trong nhan thUc v l hanh ddng ciia lanh dao Ding, chinh quyen dja phugng cac tinh trong viing; thieu ca chk chinh sIch phit tri^n lien kit co tinh dac thii v l vugt trdi, cung nhu han che ve tu duy cuc bd dia phuang; thieu khi ning phdi hop

^

Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi mien Trung, So 03 (59) - 2019 25

j ' c ;

dieu phdi cac hoat dpng p h i t trien vung, trong dd cd hoat ddng lien ket kinh te ndi viing - tu tudng "manh dja phuong nio, dia phuang dd lam", lam theo dia gidi hanh chfnh II chfnh, tU dd dan den tinh trang dau tu dan t r i i (Le Vin flinh, 2019, tr.62-80). 6 vung Tly Nguyen, tuy kinh te - x l hdi da cd nhUng budc phat trien quan trpng, nhung hien nay van con la mdt vung ngheo, quy mo kinh te cdn nhd yeu, v i n dya tren nen tang ndng nghiep vdi dac trung phu thupc vaotynhien. Mdt trong nhUng nguyen nhin cua han che dd la: Trong quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te - xa hdi den nam 2020 hien nay ciia cic tinh vung Tay Nguyen, thi lien ket kinh te vung chua dugc xem la mdt ndi dung dich thyc va cd vj tri thyc sy trong quy hoach tdng the phit trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia cac tinh trong vung; Igi fch dia phuang cyc bpcon ndi trpi nhieu hon so vdi Igi fch chung ciia viing da lam phin tan ngudn luc dau tU;

thieu mpt"nhac trudng"de chl dao phdi hgp, dieu phdi cic hoat ddng lien ket kinh te viing tren cd sd tam nhin vung (Le Vin Bfnh, 2016).

3. Mot so giii phap gop phan xay dung tam nhin cho can bo quan iy, ianh dao d niloicta hien nay

Thdnhdt, cin nang cao nang lyc t u duy bien chUng, t u duy tong the, tU duy phit triln, tu duy chien lupc, t u duy ddi mdi, sang tao cho dpi ngu cin bp lanh dao, quan iy.TU duy lanh dao (tU duy tdng the, t u duy phit trien, tuduy sang tao, tuduy chien lupc) la CO sdde hlnh thinh, hien thyc hda va thay ddi tam nhin linh daa Mat khic, tam nhin lanh dao, khi dugc khai niem hda, dugc chia se lai trd thanh cdng cu va ddng lyc thuc day viec khong ngUng t u duy va ddi mdi t u duy. Bai hgc kinh nghiem cua Tieu vUdng qudc A Rip chothiy'Phattrienia mdt q u i trinh lien tuc va cupc dua vl sy xuit sac khdng he cd dich cudi cung. Khdng nen thda man dengiiquen fien vdng nguySt que, va ludn no lyc de tien

len phia trUdc, nam bat thdi ca, tan dung CO hdi trong the gidi toan cau nhanh chdng. 6 chau Phi, mdi ngay mdi, iinh duong thUc day va hieu rang nd phai chay nhanh han con sU tU nhanh nhit, hole nd se bj an thjt. Cung luc dd con su tif tinh giac, dudi t h i n minh v l biet rang nd phii chay nhanh hdn con linh dugng nhanh nhat, hoac II nd se bi chet ddi - dan giln ban phai "chay" nhanh hon ngUdi khic de tdn tai".

Ngay 24 thing 3 nam 2019, khi tham dU le khdi cdng Khu cdng nghiep (KCN) Ndng - Lam nghiep, KCN co khf - d td Chu Lai md rdng, Dy an dau tU xay dung ben cIng 5 van tan va Khu nha d cdng nhin va t l i djnh cU tai huyen Nui Thanh (tinh Quang Nam), thii tudng Nguyen Xuin Phuc cho rang: "day la mdt vi du sdng ddng ve tinh than ddi mdi sing tao, ve kha nang nam bat va van dyng tdt nhit xu hudng each mang cdng nghiep 4.0, la nai se ket hgp tuyet vdi giOa cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep, lam nghiep gan lien vdi xuit khau va djch vu logistic gan vdi hing khdng, hing hii". Thii tudng cung nhac nhd.

Bang bd, Chinh quyen, nhan dan tinhQuang Nam, doanh nghiep, nhl dau tU khdng dugc tu man, ngii quen trong vdng nguyet que, ma phii cung nhau xiy dyng niem tin, nuoi dudng khat vong nay sau sac hon nOa (Vu Van Anh, 2019). Ba dy an dupc khdi cdng trong thing 3 nam 2019II minh chUng sdng ddng ciia tuduy phat trien: Dy an KCN cd khi v l d td md rdng cd dien tfch 115 ha, tdng vdn d i u tu cho ha t i n g II 1.600 ti ddng. Dy I n KCN Ndng - Lam nghiep cd dien tich 451 ha, tdng vdn d i u tU cho ha t i n g 8.118 ti ddng;

tien dp thyc hien dy I n tU nam 2019 den nam 2022 (day la KCN chuyen ndng nghiep t i p trung ma chfnh yeu va trUdc mat la cay an trai va cay lam nghiep nham thyc hien chuoi gii tri xuyen sudt tU nghien cUu phat trien gidng cly trdng; cdng nghe va ky thu?t canh tic; thu hoach, che bien va phan phdi.

26 ^LEVANBINH qua dd phat trien vung trdng cay nguyen lieu

cho khu vyc mien Trung, Tay Nguyen, Lao va Campuchia).fliy la nhUng duan trpng diem mang tfnh chien luge cho giai doan phit trien mdi theo hudng da nganh cua Cdng ty Cd phan O td Trudng HIi (ThaCo) va giai doan dau t u mdi cua Thaco tai Khu Kinh te md Chu Lai. Dy an d i u t u xiy dyng ben d n g 5 van tan, khu nha d cdng nhin va t l i djnh cutai huyen Nui Thanh. Ngoli ra,Td hgp khf dien tai md Ci Voi Xanh da dugc chinh phii cho phep dau t u tren dien tfch 1.000 ha (tai xa Tam Quang, huyen Nui Thanh, thupc Khu Kinh te md Chu Lai, tinh QuIng Nam) vdi tong ngudn vdn dau t u han 4,6 ty USD do Tip doan Exxon Mobil (Hoa Ky) va Tap doan Dau khf Viet Nam dang dugc xuc tien dau tu... se 11 ddn biy v l diem tya vUng chac de day nhanh phat trien cdng nghiep tai QuIng Nam ndi rieng v l mien Trung ndi chung.

flo la minh chUng cua tU duy phit trien, he thdng v l khdng ngUng doi mdi sang tao;

Thd hai, xae lap niem tin, tinh t h i n trich nhiem, xiy dyng co che khuyen khich, truyen cam hUng cho cin bd lanh dao, quIn ly cd t i m nhin xa, trdng rdng, cd tinh than trach nhiem, cd b i n linh.

Singapore la qudc gia die thii (cd nhUng khd khan va thuan igi), nhung ngay tU khi tuyen bd II mpt qudc gia ddc lap, cic nhl lanh dao Singapore da khdng chip nhin "sd menh" ma tim each khac phuc nhUng dac thu b i t Igi va p h i t huy nhUng dac thu cd igi de vugn len thanh mpt qudc gia than ky ve sy p h i t trien. Mdt trong nhUng bai hpc kinh nghiem ve sy thanh cdng ciia hp ia xac lap niem tin, tinh than trich nhiem (trich nhiem phyng sy dat nUdc, lam cho dat nudc giau manh) II bai hpc kinh nghiem ciia Singapore.

Khi tach khdi lien bang Malaysia, qudc gia Singapore thyc sy khd khan tren mgi phugng dien (tli nguyen, nUdc udng, n h l d, ddi sdng nhin dan). NhUng vdi y thUc cdng

ddng, y thUc trach nhiem v i long yeu nuoc, thil tudng Ly Quang Dieu da danh vao tmh than t y tdn dan tpc, tinh t h i n trach nhiem va xic lap niem tin bang cau ndi:'Birng lo sg vi chung ta khdng cd tai nguyen thien nhien, chi sg rang chung ta cd y chi hay khdng ma thdi?" (din theo Hd Chi Minh, 2011).

d Han Qudc, g i n mdt the kf sdng dudi che dp Nhat thupc, v l sau dd hdn 10 nam dudi che dp ddc tai, tham nhung Ly ThUa Van, da sd ngudi dan Han Qudc da di vao tam trang tuyet vgng, sdng ii ii va bat can.

Tam trang sdng dd da tieu hiiy niem tin vao tuang lai, sy sieng nang, nhin to can cdt ciia cdng cude xay dyng con ngudi va dat nudc. Nhin dien dieu nay nen trong cupc each mang kinh te. Park Chung Hee da d i t nang viec thay ddi tinh than dan chung bang each danh thUc niem tin. Ket q u i la chl gan 20 n i m , cupc each mang ciia Park Chung Hee da phye hung dupc tinh t h i n t y tin va cuong quyet ciia dan tpc Han Qudc, trong dd hgc va Idm da trd thinh cai dao de dua con ngudi v l dan tpc di len: "Xin dong bao nhd rang dan tpc chung ta da m i t ca the ky.

Chung ta khdng cdn thdi gian de m i t nCfa. VI chung ta phii thyc hien c l chuc viec trong thdi gian ma nhUng nudc khac chl phai l l m mpt. Chung ta p h i i tiep tuc iam khi cac dan tpc khac cd the nghi ngai. Ngay nay, banh xe Ijch sU quay vdi mpt tde lyc ghe gdm. Neu bd qua mpt ngly ludi bieng, chung ta se tut lai dang sau ngudi khic mdt nam, m l neu lang phi mdt nam, chung ta se tyt hau 10,20 nam"

(Ezra F.Vogel, Kim Byung-kook, 2011).

Cung trong budi sing 24/3/2019, khi dy le khdi cdng cac du I n dau t u tai Khu kinh te md Chu Lai, tinh Quang Nam, thu tudng Nguyen Xuan Phuc da dat van de: "It ai cd the hlnh dung mpt vung d i t can cdi, hoang hda nhu Chu Lai lai cP the trd thanh noi dat dai b i n doanh cua mpttrong nhUng to hop cong nghiep thanh cdng hang dau cUa c l nudc -

Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hgi mienTrung. So 03 (59) - 2019 27 nam 2018, gia trj san x u i t cdng nghiep ciia

Thaco tai Chu Lai dat g i n 42 ngan ti ddng, dam bao cdng an viec iam cho gan 9 ngan ngucli, ma tren 80% trong sd dP la eon em xU Quang, gdm ca Quang Ngai va QuIng Nam, dong gpp g i n 16 ngan ti ddng thu ngan sach dia phuang"va"tai sao Chu Lai t h i n h cdng?"

Mpttrong 6 bai hpc kinh nghiem rut ra dd la chiing ta d l d i n h thUc dugc tinh than khdi nghiep, khit vpng dan tpc trong mdi can bd lanh dao, quIn ly, doanh nghiep va nha d i u tu, nhan dan (Vu Van Anh, 2019);

Thd ba, cin cd nhUng giai phap phong ngira, ngan chin "tu duy nhiem ky", "dja phuang chii nghia","lpi fch n h d m " - nhUng rao can lam han che t i m nhin ciia dpi ngu can bp lanh dao, q u i n l y

TU duy nhiem ky (hieu theo nghia tieu cue) la ldi suy nghi, h l n h ddng khdng dung, bat chip quy luat, dieu kien, hoan cInh thyc te ciia ca nhan hole cua mdt nhdm ngudi, ciia tap the trong cd quan, dan vj, td chUc, trong nhiem ky thyc hien chUc trach, nhiem vu nhSm chii yeu theo dudi myc tieu, Igi Ich trudc mat trong ngan han de thu igi nhieu nhit cl ve vat chat va tinh than cho ban than, cho "nhdm Igi fch" ma bd qua nhUng muc tieu, Igi fch dai han chung ciia tap the, cong dong; hoac do trinh dp, nang lyc han che, thieu thPng tin, khdng nam chac tinh hlnh,dan den nhan thUc khdng dung, khdng day dil, de ra va thyc hien cac chu trUdng, nghi quyet, chUdng trinh, quy hoach, ke ' hoach trong nhiem ky khdng sat vdi thyc tien, khdng dem lai hieu q u i , tham chi cdn gay ra nhUng he lyy va hau q u i khd ludng cho cl hien tai va iiu dai. Cd the nhan dien ngudi lanh dao, quan ly mang "tU duy nhiem W trSn cac bieu hien sau day: Mdt la, the liien tam nhin ngSn han trong cac nghj quyet, chuong trinh, dy an, ke hoach, chi I I nham lam rd dau an ca nhan lanh dao trong . I . nhlSm kydd ma cd hai cho cac nhiem ky sau;

Hai la, tu tudng the hien tfnh vu ipi, hep hoi, cue bp, c l nhin chii nghia hole co tU tudng cau an, ngai va cham,"chg chieu, cudi vu"; Ba II, hlnh dpng khdng phii hgp thyc te, b i t chap quy luat khich quan, trai vdi quy djnh cua cap tren nhung cd Igi cho ca nhan hole nhdm ngudi; gay thiet hai cho igi fch chung cua cdng ddng, cua x l hdi; lach quy djnh cua Bing, lich luat (Cao Van Thdng, 2016).

Lpi ich nhdm (tieu cyc) la viec cic nhdm igi ich bang mpi each, mpi thii doan de dat Igi ich rieng (cd tinh dac quyen, dac igi), xam pham nghiem trpng den Igi ich chung cua cdng ddng, xa hdi, qudc gia... thdng qua viec igi dung quan he "thin hOu" de true Igi chinh sach tren cic linh vyc. CPn dia phuong chu nghia lai la:"chi cham chu ldi Ich ciia dja phuang minh ma khdng nhin den Igi ich ciia toan bp. Lam viec d bp phan nao chi biet benh vUc, vun dap cho bd phan ay. Nguyen nhan sinh ra Pe dja phuang,"dd II vi can thj, khdng xem xet toan the. Khdng hieu rang igi ich nhd phii phuc tung igi ich to, ich Igi bp phan phii phye tting ich lpi toan the"(Hd Chi Minh, 2011).

Nghi quye't Hdi nghi lan thU 4 Ban chip hlnh Trung Udng B i n g khda XII ve tang cudng xiy dyng, chinh ddn Bang; ngan chan, day liii sy suy tholi ve tU tudng chinh trj, dao dUc, ldi sdng, nhUng bieu hien "ty dien bien",

"ty chuyen hda" trong ndi bd, cung da chi rp cic bleu hien ciia "igi Ich nhdm" niy:"Vudng vao"tUduy nhiem ky", chi taptrung giai quyet nhUng van de ngan han trudc mat, cd igi cho minh; tranh thii bo nhiem ngudi than, ngudi quen, ngUdi nhl dii khdng dii tieu chuan, dieu kien gia chUc vu lanh dao, quan ly hole bd tri sap xep vao vi trf cP nhieu Igi fch...

Quyet dinh hole td chUc thyc hien gay lang phi, t h i t tholt tai chinh, t i l sin, ngan sIch n h i nudc, dat dai, tai nguyen...; dau tu cdng tran lan, hieu qua t h i p hoac khdng hieu qua;

mua sam, sir dung tai san cdng vUpt quy dinh;

26 LEVANEJINH qua dd phat trien vung trdng cay nguyen lieu

cho khu vyc mien Trung, Tay Nguyen, Lao v l Campuchia). Bay II nhUng dy I n trpng diem mang tinh chien luge cho giai doan phit trien mdi theo hUdng da nglnh ciia Cdng ty Cd phan 0 td Trudng Hal (ThaCo) va giai doan d i u t u mdi ciia Thaco tai Khu Kinh te md Chu Lai. By I n d i u t u xay dyng ben cang 5 van tan, khu nha d cdng nhin va t l i djnh cutai huyen NulThanh. Ngoli ra,Td hgp khi dien tai md Ca Voi Xanh da dugc chinh phu cho phep dau tU tren dien tfch 1.000 ha (tai xa Tam Quang, huyen Nui Thanh, thupc Khu Kinh te md Chu Lai, tinh QuIng Nam) vdi tdng nguon vdn d i u t u han 4,6 ty USD do Tip d o i n Exxon Mobil (Hoa Ky) va Tap doan Dau khf Viet Nam dang dugc xuc tien dau tu... se la ddn bay va diem tya vUng chac de day nhanh phit trien cdng nghiep tai Quang Nam ndi rieng va mien Trung ndi chung.

fld la minh chUng ciia t u duy phat trien, he thdng va khdng ngUng ddi mdi sang tao;

Thdhai, xic lip niem tin, tinh than trach nhiem, xay dyng co che khuyen khfch, truyen elm hUng cho can bd lanh dao, quin ly cd t i m nhin xa, trdng rdng, cd tinh than trich nhiem, cd ban linh.

Singapore ia qudc gia die thu (cd nhUng khd khan va thuan igi), nhung ngay tU khi tuyen bd la mpt qudc gia ddc lap, cic nha lanh dao Singapore da khdng chip nhan"sd menh", m l tim cIch khac phuc nhUng die thu b i t Igi v l phat huy nhUng die thii cP lpi de vuan len thanh mpt qudc gia t h i n ky ve sy phat trien. Mpt trong nhOng b l i hpc kinh nghiem ve sy thanh cdng cua hp la xic lap niem tin, tinh than trach nhiem (trich nhiem phung sy dat nudc, lam cho d i t nudc giau manh) la b l i hpc kinh nghiem ciia Singapore.

Khi tach khdi lien bang Malaysia, qudc gia Singapore thyc sU khd khan tren mpi phudng dien (tli nguyen, nudc udng, nha d, ddi sdng nhin dan). NhUng vdi y thUc cdng

ddng, y thUc trach nhiem va Idng yeu nUdc, thil tudng Ly Quang Dieu da danh vao tmh than t y tdn dan tpc, tinh t h i n trich nhiim va xac lap niem tin bang c i u ndi:"BUng lo sg vi chung ta khdng cd t l i nguyen thien nhien, chl sg rang chung ta cd y chi hay khdng ma thdi?" (dan theo Hd Chl Minh, 2011).

d Han Qudc, g i n mdt the ky sdng dudi che dp Nhat thupc, va sau do hdn 10 nam dudi che dp ddc tai, tham nhung Ly ThUa Van, da sd ngUdi dan Han Qudc da di vao tam trang tuyet vgng, sdng u 11 va b i t can.

Tam trang sdng dd da tieu hiiy niem tin vao tuong lai, sy sieng nang, n h i n td cin cdt ciia cdng cupc xiy dyng con ngUdi va d i t nudc. Nhin dien dieu nay nen trong cude cIch mang kinh te. Park Chung Hee da dat nang viec thay ddi tinh than dan chung bang cich danh thUc niem tin. Ket q u i I i chl gan 20 nam, cude cich mang ciia Park Chung Hee da phuc hung dugc tinh than t y tin va cugng quyet ciia dan tpc Han Qudc, trong dp hpc v l Idm da trd thanh cai dao de dua con ngudi v l d i n tpc di len: "Xin ddng b i o nhd rang dan tpc chung ta da mat ca the ky.

Chung ta khdng cdn thdi gian de mat nOa. Vi chung ta phii thyc hien ca chyc viec trong thdi gian ma nhUng nudc khac chi phai lam mpt. Chung ta phai tiep tuc lam khi cic dan tpc khac cP the nghi ngai. Ngay nay, banh xe ijch sU quay vdi mdt tde lyc ghe gdm. Neu bd qua mpt ngay ludi bieng, chung ta se tyt lai dang sau ngudi khac mdt nam, ma neu lang phi mpt nam, chung ta se tut hau 10,20 nam"

(Ezra F.Vogel, Kim Byung-kook, 2011).

Cung trong budi sing 24/3/2019, khi dy ie khdi cdng cic dy an dau t u tai Khu kinh te md Chu Lai, tinh Quang Nam, thii tudng Nguyen Xuan Phuc da dat van de:"lt ai cd the hlnh dung mdt vung dat can cdi, hoang hda nhu Chu Lai lai cd the trd thanh noi d i t dal ban doanh cua mdt trong nhCtng td hgp cdnq nghiep thanh cdng hang dau ciia ca nudc -

Tap chiKhoa hocxa hoi mien Trung, S6 03 (59) - 2019 nam 2018, gia trj sin xuat cdng nghiep ciia Thaco tai Chu Lai dat gan 42 ngan ti ddng, dam bio cdng an viec lam cho g i n 9 ngan ngudi, ma tren 80% trong sd dd la con em xU Quang, gdm c l Quang Ngai va QuIng Nam, dong gdp g i n 16 ngin tl ddng thu ngan sach dja phUdng" va"tai sao Chu Lai thanh cdng?';

Mgt trong 6 bai hpc kinh nghiem rut ra dd la chiing ta da danh thUc dugc tinh than khdi nghiep, khat vpng dan tpc trong mdi cin bp lanh dao, quan ly, doanh nghiep va nha dau tu, nhan dan (Vu Van Anh, 2019);

Thd ba, can co nhOng g i l l phap phdng ngira, ngIn chan "tu duy nhiem ky" "dja phuong chil nghia", "lpi ich nhdm" - nhUng rao can lam han che tam nhin ciia dpi ngu can bp lanh dao, quIn ly

TU duy nhiem ky (hieu theo nghia tieu cilc) la loi suy nghi, hlnh ddng khdng dung, bat chap quy luat, dieu kien, holn canh thyc teciia ca nhin hoac ciia mdt nhdm ngudi, CLia tap the trong co quan, ddn vj, td chUc, trong nhiem ky thyc hien chUc trach, nhiem vu nham chu yeu theo dudi myc tieu, Igi fch trudc mat trong ngan han de thu lpi nhieu nhat cl ve vat chat va tinh than cho ban thin, cho "nhdm igi fch" ma bd qua nhUng muc tieu, Igi ich dai han chung ciia t i p the, cong ddng; hoac do trinh dp, nang lyc han che, thieu thPng tin, khdng nam chac tinh lilnh,dan den nhin thUc khdng dung, khdng day dil, de ra v l thyc hien cac chii truang, nghi quyet, chuang trinh, quy hoach, ke lioach trong nhiem ky khdng sat vdi thuc tien, khdng dem lai hieu qua, tham chi cPn giy ra nhUng he luy va hau q u i khd ludng choca hien tai va lau daL Cd the nhin dien ngudi lanh dao, quIn ly mang "tU duy nhiem

^T tren cic bleu hien sau day: Mdt ia, the hien tam nhin ngan han trong cic nghj Itiyet, chuong trinh, dy an, ke hoach, chi nhSm lam rd day an ca nhan lanh dao trong J^m kS/ dd ma cd hai cho cic nhiem ky sau;

27 Hal la, t u tudng the hien tfnh vy Igi, hep hdi, cyc bp, c i nhan chii nghia hole cd tu tudng ciu an, ngai va cham,"chachieu, cudi vu"; Ba la, hlnh ddng khdng phu hpp thyc ti, bat chip quy luat khich quan, trii vdi quy dinh ciia cap tren nhung cd Igi cho c l nhin hole nhdm ngudi; gay thiet hai cho lpi ich chung ciia cdng ddng, ciia xa hdi; lach quy djnh ciia Bing, lach luat (Cao Vin Thdng, 2016).

Lgi ich nhdm (tieu cyc) la viec cac nhpm Igi ich bang mpi each, mpi thii doan de dat Igi fch rieng (cd tinh die quyen, die lpi), xam pham nghiem trpng den Igi ich chung ciia cdng ddng, xa hdi, quoc gia... thdng qua viec igi dung quan he "than hUu" de true Igi chinh sIch tren cic linh vyc. Cdn dja phuang chil nghia lai II: "chl cham chu igi Ich ciia dja phuang minh ma khdng nhin den igi ich cua t o l n bp. Llm viec d bd phan nao chl biet benh vyc, vun dap cho bp phin ay. Nguyen nhin sinh ra dc dja phuong,"dd la vl can thj, khdng xem xet toan the. Khong hieu rang Igi ich nhd phii phuc timg Igi ich to, ich Igi bd phin phai phuc tiing fch ipi t o l n the" (Hd Chf Minh, 2011).

Nghj quye't Hdi nghj lan thU 4 Ban chap hanh Trung Udng fling khda XII ve tang cudng xiy dyng, chinh ddn Bang; ngan chin, diy iiii sy suy thoai ve t u tudng chfnh trj, dao dUc, Idi sdng, nhUng bleu hien "ty dien bien",

"ty chuyen hda" trong ndi bd, cung da chi ro cac bleu hien cua "igi fch nhdm" niy: "VUdng vao"tuduy nhiem ky", chi tap trung giai quyet nhUng van de ngan han trudc mat, cP Igi cho minh; tranh thii bd nhiem ngudi than, ngudi quen, ngUdi nha dii khdng du tieu chuan, dieu kien giU chUc vu lanh dao, quan ly hoac bd tri, sap xep vIo vj tri cP nhieu Igi Ich...

Quye't djnh hole td chUc thyc hien gay lang phi, t h i t thoat tai chinh, tai sin, ngan sIch nhi nudc, d i t dai, t i l nguyen...; dau tU cdng trin lan, hieu qua thap hole khdng hieu q u i ; mua sam, sUdung tai sin cdng vugtquy djnh;

28 LEVANBINH chl tieu cdng quy tiiy tien, vd nguyen tae. SU

dung lang phi ngudn nhan lye, phi pham thdi gian lao ddng. Tham d, tham nhung, Igi dung chUc vu, quyen han cau ket vdi doanh nghiep, vdi ddi tugng khac de tryc Igi. Lgi dung, lam dung chUc vy, quyen ban dugc giao de dung tung, bao che, tiep tay cho tham nhung, tieu cyc. Thao tUng trong cdng tac c i n bd; chay chUc, chay quyen, chay chd, chay luan chuyen, chay bang cip, chay tdi...

Sit dyng quyen lyc dugc giao de phuc vu Igi ich ca nhan hoac de ngudi than, ngUdi quen Igi dyng chUc vu, quyen han cua minh de true lgi..."(fling Cdng san Viet Nam, 2016).

Thyc te cho thay, dja phuong chii nghia v l t u duy nhiem ky, Igi fch nhdm cd mdi quan he chat che vdi nhau; dd la cac chUng benh ciia chil nghia ca nhan. Neu khdng cd giai phIp kip thdi trong viec phdng ngUa, ngin chan thi se I n h hudng r i t Idn den t i m nhin cua can bd lanh dao, quan ly, nhat II can bd c i p chien luge; kim ham sy p h i t trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia d i t nuPc, dja phuang; l l m suy giam niem tin ciia can bd, d i n g vien va nhan d i n vao B i n g , che dp;

Thdtu, nang cao nang lyc hien thyc hda t i m nhin cho dpi ngu cin bd lanh dao quIn ly.

Tim nhin se la vd nghia neu nd khdng dugc hien thyc hda trong cupc sdng. Warren Bennis' tUng ndi "Lanh dao la k h i nang bien t i m nhin thanh hien thyc" (Leadership is the capacity to translate vision into reality). Tinh k h i thi ciia t i m nhin lanh dao khdng chi nam tren cau chU trong tuyen bd, ma nam d tien trinh hien thyc hda trong hanh ddng thyc tien hang ngay. Tinh khi thi ciia t i m nhin lanh dao can dugc dam b i o bang mdt loat cd che de hien thyc hda thdng qua q u i trinh h l n h dpng cd tinh chien luge.

' (1925 -2014) ngilrJi thanh lap Hoc vien Lanh dao cua mien Nam California, Hoa Ky.

Khi thyc hien cdng trinh xa id Idn nhat trong Ijch sU Han Qudc (xa Id Seoul - Busan), Park Chung Hee da bj Qudc hdi da thang tay bic bd. NhOng nha l i p phap, ke c l nhiJng ngudi thupc d i n g ciia Park Chung Hee, da khdng tin la cd the thyc hien ndi xa Id ma neu x i y dyng dugc thi con dudng se dUa qudc gia tdi pha sin, vl phi tdn xay dyng va b i o tri. Tuy vay. Park Chung Hee da khdng nan Idng va de tam nghiin cUu nhUng ban bao c i o ciia cac chuyen vien cd van d trong nudc cung nhu d nudc ngoai, t y minh thyc dja qua khu vyc nui non de xem xet va quyet t i m hien thyc hda nd.

Khi thyc hien cic dy an cd tam nhin d DuBai, cac nha lanh dao cua Tieu vUdng qudc A Rap cung vap phai nhUng chl trfch v l thj phi, chdng ddi nhUng hp van tin tudng, quyet tam de hien thyc hda cac muc tieu da dat ra trong tam nhin ciia minh: "0 Dubai, chung tdi khdng ra b i t ky quyet dinh n I o ma khdng hoan t o l n tin tudng vIo tinh kha thi ciia dy I n . Mdi khi khdi cdng dy i n mdi, chung tdi khdng bao gid dUng iai cho tdi khi nd dugc hoan thanh... Lanh dao II dan dat, khdng chl la ly thuyet m i can thyc hanh; la p h i n doan tdt va ed t i m nhin xa...Thdng qua nhUng quyet djnh de hoan thinh myc tieu va sin sing chien dau vdi nhUng thach thUc, xung dot (nhUng y kien bat ddng), ddi mat, chip nhan nhUng thj phi, chl trich v l biet vugt qua thU thich" (Mohammed bin Rashid AI Maktoum, 2015, tr. 55 - 59).

Hon 15 nam qua Khu Kinh te md (Khu KTM) Chu Lai, tinh Quang Nam da thu hut d i u t u v l thyc hien cac chfnh sich kinh te mdi, t u viing d i t c i t dugc menh danh ia ba khdng (khdng ha t i n g , khdng ngudn nhin lyc va khdng nguyen lieu); dung lugng thi trudng nhd be; thu ngan sach tren dia ban ft di, ddi sdng ciia nhin dan edn khd khan, t u duy ve phat trien kinh te md con kha

Tap chl Khoa hgc xa hoi mien Trung, 56 03 (59) - 2019

khiSm ton, each lam cung chua co tien le, ...trong dieu kien vUa thCr nghiem, vira tim hudng phat trien hieu qua, den nay bd mat Khu KTM diu tien ciia dat nudc d l dugc hinh thinh. Phat bleu tai budi le khdi cdng 3 dy an dau tutal Khu KTM Chu Lai, tfnh Quang Nam ngay 24/03/2019, thii tudng Nguyin XuSn Phuc cho biet, gan 20 nam trudc, it ai cd the hinh dung mdt vung dat can coi, hoang hda "cP an da, ga an sdi" nhu Chu Lai lai cd the trd thanh ngi dat dai ban doanh c^a mot trong nhUng td hgp cdng nghiep thanh cdng hang d i u ciia c l nudc;"Viec trien khai xay dyng Khu KTM Chu Lai trong dieu kien vo ciing khd khan, cd luc tudng chUng nhu be tac ve djnh hudng phat trien vi chua CO tien le trong c l nUdc, vUa trien khai xay dyng vira do tim hudng di, ben canh dd ha tang kinh te - xa hdi yeu kem, thj trudng tieu thu san phim tai chd quy md nhd, ca che Uu dai dau tu khdng hap dan; song vdi quyet tam chinh trj cao ciia B i n g bd va nhan dan QuIng Nam nen budc dau da xac djnh dung phuong hudng phit trien va dat dugc nhUng kit qua ding khich le - Khu KTM Chu lai trd thanh mpt trung t i m phat trien du Ijch, dich vu,d6thj, cdng nghiep, logistics v l sin xuit ndng nghiep ciia vung va khu vac, g i n ke't chat che phat trien kinh te vdi d i m b i o an ninh, qudc phdng v l 11 hat nhan, trung tam phat trien Idn trong chuoi kinh te dpng lye ciaVCing Kinh te trpng diem mien Trung" (VQ Van Anh, 2019);

Mndm, t i p trung xay dung dpi ngu cin hg cip chien luge ngang tam nhiem vy theo tinh thin Nghi quyet Hdi nghi l i n thU 7 khda XII.

Xay dyng dpi ngu cin bd cap chien luge hiodam cac tieu chuan quy djnh v l d i p iing l**" ciu, theo hudng: Phat hien, lya chpn tU ngudn quy hoach nhUng cin bd tieu bieu, xuat sac da dugc dao tao, bdi dudng, ren

29 luyen theo chUc danh, nhat la nhUng ngudi da dugc thir thich qua thgc tien, cd thanh tich noi trpi, cd "san pham" cu the, cP trien vpng phit trien; Bd sung kien thUc, nang cao trinh dp mpi mat, bdi dudng t o l n dien ve ky ning, djnh ky cap nhat kien thUc mdi theo tUng nhdm ddi tugng; Xay dyng ke hoach cy the de luin chuyen, dieu dpng giUvj tri c i p trudng, phu hgp vdi chUc danh quy hoach d dja bin khd khin, linh vyctrpng yeu, ndi trien khai md hinh mdi de thU thach, ren luyen, ning cao ban iinh chfnh trj, nhin sinh quan cich mang, nang lyc linh dao toan dien ciia cin bp (Bing Cong sin Viet Nam, 2018).

Ket iuan

d Viet Nam, cdng cupc ddi mdi v l hdi nhap qudc te ngay cang di vao chieu sau, sUc manh tdng hgp va uy tin qudc te cua Viet Nam ngay cang dugc ning cao, tao tien de de d i t nUdc phit trien nhanh, ben vUng.

Vl the, trong xiy dyng dpi ngu cin bd lanh dao, quin ly, nhat la can bd cip chien lupc cin die biet xay dung t i m nhin ben canh nhUng phim chat, ning lyc, uy tin... "de d i p Ung yeu ciu ciia chien luge phit trien kinh te - x l hpi va bio ve to qudc; bio d i m sy chuyen tiep lien tuc, vUng ving glUa cic the he, du sUc lanh dao dua nUdc ta trd thanh nudc cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai vao nam 2030, tam nhin den nam 2045 trd thinh nUdc cdng nghiep hien dai, theo djnh hudng x l hpi chu nghia, vl muc tieu d i n giau, nudc manh, dan chii, cdng bang, vin minh, ngay cIng phdn vinh, hanh phuc".

TAI u e u THAM KHAO

1. Vu Vin Anh (2019), "Thil tUdng Nguyen Xuin Phuc chi ra 6 bli hpc thanh cdng ciia Chu Lai" Phdp ludt Viet Nam, sd ra Chii nhit, ngay 24/3/2019.

2. B i n g Cdng sin Viet Nam (2016), Nghi quyethginghildnthOtuBanChdphdnhTrung

30 L E V A N O I N H

uang Bang khda XU (Nghi quyet sd 4 - NQ/

TW) vi tdng cudng xdy dung, chinh ddn Bdng;

ngdn chdn, day lui Sit suy thodi ve tu tudng ehinh tri, dao ddc, Idi sdng, nhdng bleu hiin

"tudien bien", "tuchuyen hda" trong ngi bg. Ha Ndi.

3. Dang Cdng sin Viet Nam (2018), Nghi quyet Hdi nghi Idn thd bdy Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khod XII (Nghi quyet sd26-NQ/TW ngdy 19 thdng 5 ndm 2018} ve tap trung xdy dung ddi ngu cdn bd cdc cdp, nhdt Id cdp chien luge, du phdm ehdt, ndng lite vd uy tin, ngang tdm nhiem vu. H i Ndi.

4. Le Van Bfnh (2019), Lien kit ndi vung Vung Kinh te trgng diem miin Trung, Sach chuyen khIo, N x b f l l Ning.

5. Le Van Bfnh (2016), Lien kit ngi vung Tdy Nguyin: ThUc trang vd gidi phdp, Be tai cap Bd, Hpc vien Chinh trj Qudc gia Ho Chf Minh.

6. Ezra F. Vogel, Kim Byung-kook (2011), Kf nguyin Park Chung - Hee vd qud trinh phdt trien thdn ky eua Hdn Qudc, Nxb Dai hpe Harvard.

7. Hd Chf Minh (2011), Todn tap, tap 5, Nxb Chfnh trj Qudc gia - Sy that. Ha Npi, tr. 87-88,

&296.

8. Mohammed bin Rashid AI Maktoum (2015), My vision - challenges in the race for excellence, Nxb The gidi.

9. Duong Van Quing (2007), Singapore:

dae thu vd gidi phdp, Nxb Chinh trj Qudc gia.

Ha Npi.

10. UBND thanh phd Ba Nang, Phong ThUdng mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam VCCI, Ban dieu phdi vung duyen hIi mien Trung (2017), Hdi thao Dien dan Kinh te mien Trung l i n thU 2 vdi chii de "Con dudng p h i t trien kinh te mienTrung benvUng",Ba Nang.

11. Ngo Ngpc Thing (2016), "Xay dyng tam nhin cho dpi ngu can bd lanh dao d nudc ta", tap chf Ly ludn ehinh tri, sd 1.

12. Cao Van Thdng (Chii bien, 2016), "TU duy nhiem ky"vd "benh thdnh tich" trong cdng tde xdy dung Bdng vd qudn ly Nhd nUdc hiin nay, Nxb Ly luan Chinh tri. Ha Ndi, tr.70.

13. Cao Van Thdng (2016), "Nhin dien "tU duy nhiem ky" trong cdng t i c can bd va gill p h i p phong, chdng", tap chi Cdng sdn.

14. Thil tudng Chinh phii, Quyet dinh sd 663/QB-TTg ngdy 30 thdng 05 ndm 2018 vi viic Phi duyet nhiem vu dieu ehinh quy hoach ehung xdy dung Khu kinh temd Chu Lai, tinh Qudng Nam den ndm 2035, tdm nhin din ndm 2050.

15. UBND tinh QuIng Nam, Ban Kinh te md Chu Lai (2018), Bdo cdo tong kit 15 ndm xdy ditng vd phdt trien khu kinh temd Chu Lai, Qudng Nam.