TAI CHINH VI MO ( So 11 (148)-2015^
Hoi nhap TPP: Cff hoi va thach thirc doi voi nong san Viet Nam
"^ \-l^ i Ths.TruoTig Vdn Quy*
^ ^ au 5 nam ddm phdn, ngdy 5/10/2015, ldnh dgo 12 nir&cldMy, Nh^t Bdn, Australia, Brunei,
^ k Canada, Chi le, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Malaysia vd Vi^t Nam dd hodn tat K ^ ddm phdn Hiep dlnh doi tdc kinh te xuyen Thdi Binh Dicffng (TPP) - Ddy Id Hifp dinh thuffng mgi loll nhdt trong vdng 20 ndm qua, bao trum cdc linh vuv cong nghiip, nong nghiep, thuffng mgi, dich VIJ vd dau tu... "TPP khdng nhung tgo ra mgt san chai bgc cao md con kien tgo khong gian cho cdc nu&c du mgnh hay yeu nhdt trong nhdm cUng vdn co the cdng tham gia vd hu&ng lgi trong nipt khu virc phdt triin ndng ddng nhdt".
Hgi nhgp noi chung va hdi nhgp TPP luon mang lgi ca ca hdi vd thach thiic cho cac nudc tham gia. Ciing gilng nhilu nganh kinh te khac, khi hgi nhgp, ndng san Viet Nara vira rdng cira ra the gidi, ddng Ihdi lgi diing trudc nhimg thach thitc khdng he nhd ciia siic ep cgnh tranh ca thi trudng trong vd ngodi nudc. Sau day xin phan tich hai mgl "co hgi" va "thdch thdc" khi ndng san Viet Nam thara gia hgi nhdp TPP.
Cff hoi d l vuffn len Hgi nhgp TPP, ndng sdn Viet Nam dung trudc cac co h^i ldn dc vuan len
Thli nh^t, ca hdi ldn cho xudt khdu ndng san Vigt Nam
Tham gia TPP, ndng sdn Viet Nam nhdt la gao, thuy san, do gd... dang diing trudc co hgi ldn tai thi trudng gan 800 trigu dan, dong gop 40% GDP the gidi, thu hut 40% FDI vd chilm 30% giao dich thucmg mgi toan cdu, trong dd nhieu thdnh vien TPP la d l i tac, la thj Irudng lieu thy ndng
sdn ldn ciia Vigt Nam nhu My, Nhdt Bdn, Oc... day ciing la nhihig thi trudng ma ndng sdn Vigt Nam cd lgi thl cgnh tranh.
Hdi nhap TPP cdn rad ra co hdi cho ndng san Viet Nam xam nhgp vdo thj trudng Bde My, ddng thdi gidra dp lyc phy thudc vao mdt s6 thj irudng truyen thdng nhung lgi hay thay ddi, mat khde khi thul sudt v l 0%
khien nh$p khdu nguygn lieu dau vao giam, gid thanh giam, nang lyc cgnh tranh ciia ndng san Vigl Nam se tang, tao lgi thl cgnh tranh so vdi cac qudc gia xudt khau ndng san nhu An Dp, Thai Lan, Tmng Qudc...
Thli hai, tigp can dugc cac cdng nghe tien tiln d l tang nang sudt, chdt lugng vd nang lyc canh tranh
Trong sdn xuat ndng nghiep, khu vyc TPP nhilu nudc cd cdng nghe sdn xudt cao, nhkt Id cdng nghe chan nudi tign lien, gilng tdt; ddy la ca hgi d l cac nganh ndng nghigp cimg nhu mdi doanh nghiep Vigt Nam phdi
* Hoc viin Tdi chinh
thay ddi tu duy kinh doanh, tl chuc lgi sdn xuat, lao ddng, chuygn sau vao nhiing san pham CO thg mgnh de tiep thu nhiing cdng nghg tien tien vao sdn xuat trong nudc va nhap giong mdi de ndng cao nang suat, chat lugng, nang cao nang lyc cgnh tranh san pham trgn thj trudng.
Thu- ba, thu hiit ddu tu dl phyc vy lai cau true nganh nong nghiep
Khi TPP CO higu lyc, ddng dau tu tir cdc nen kinh te lon trong khu vyc TPP se d l vl Vi§t Nam vi Viet Nara Id quic gia co thu nhap trung binh thdp, nhung Id qudc gia cd lgi thl xudt khdu do gia nhdn cdng re, chi phi dau vdo trung binh thap, nguyen li?u cdc nganh ndng sdn, thiiy san tgi chd, dieu kien thien nhiSn thugn lgi cho phep sdn xudt ndng nghigp quanh nara. Day Id ca hpi dg ddi mdi rad hinh tang trudng, tai cdu tnic ngdnh ndng nghigp, td chiic Igi sdn xudt, thiic ddy ling dyng khoa hgc - cdng ngh^, phdt triln mgnh md hinh kinh
< ^ ^ Tap chi nghign cflu Tai chinh ke toan
( Sd'll (148)-2015 ) TAI CHINH V T M 6
doanh trang trgi, don diln ldn nham gidm chi phi sdn xudt, ndng cao chat lugng san phdra va quan ly chat Iugng sdn phdm cung nhu cac tieu chudn vg sinh an todn thuc pham.
Thu- tir, tgo co hdi cho ndng nghigp tang trudng, phat trien ben viing hon
Dudi dp Iuc canh tranh bupc ndng nghiep Viet Nam phai td chuc lgi sdn xudt, theo dd doanh nghiep, ndng dan va nha khoa hgc phdi bat tay nhau tgo thdnh md hinh khep kin chudi lien ket san xuat, san pham; md ra co hdi de tang cudng iing dung khoa hgc cdng nghe vao sdn xudt, tang tinh chuyen mdn hda sdn xuat... nhd dd chat lugng sdn pham tang len, gid thanh sdn phara hg, ddng thdi kiem soat dugc chat Iugng san phdm va ve sinh an toan thyc phdra. Mat khde TPP bao gdm cdc cam kdt ve bdo ve mdi trudng, nen lien trinh md cira, ty do hoa thuong mai va thu hiit dau tu dugc thyc hien theo cdch thdn thien mdi trudng, do do giup tang trudng lrong cac ngdnh noi chung va ndng nghiep noi rieng ben vung hon.
Ben cgnh nhiing co hdi, ndng san Viet Nam dang diing trudc nhiing thach thiic to ldn.
Thach thiic mk nong san d l i mat
Thir n h i t , nganh chan nudi, nhdt Id chan nudi nhd le diing trudc nguy ca pha sdn
Theo thing kg cua Bg Ndng nghiep va Phal trien ndng thdn, nudc ta cd 3.500 doanh nghigp boat ddng trong ITnh vyc ndng
nghiep la doanh nghigp nhd, so doanh nghigp cd von dudi 5 ty ddng chiem 65%; Iren 17 trigu hO chan nudi gia siic, gia cam.
Trong dd 10,9 trigu hg chan nudi gd, vjt; 4 trigu hd chan nudi lgn vd 2,5 trigu hg chan nudi bd. Cac doanh nghigp va hp chan nudi cua nudc ta cd qui md nhd le, phdn tan, cdng ngh^ y l u kem, nang suat th4p, lai lien tuc ddi mgt vdi djch benh, trong khi bg thdng giel md, bdo qudn chua dgt chuan. Do dd, khi md cira thj trudng, vdi thue suat ve 0%, cac sdn phdra chan nudi dugc sdn xuat theo day chuyen cdng nghiep (nhu: bo, gd. Icm...) tir nhimg nen kinh te phat trien nhu My, Nhdt, Oc, New Zealand...
nhimg nudc ma ty trpng chan nudi chiem tir 70 - 80% ndng nghiep se trdn vdo, nhanh chong chilm ITnh thi trudng nudc ta, vi sdn pham cua hp cd gid cd canh Iranh, chat Iugng cao, an todn thyc phdra ill, xudt xd ro rang (gd My vira qua Id mQt vi du).
Neu khdng cd sy chuyen hudng kjp thdi trong chien lugc sdn xuat kmh doanh dl thich nghi thi hang logt cdc doanh nghiep vda vd nhd cung nhu cac hg chdn nudi nhd Ie cua Vigt Nam se rai vao phd sdn.
Thli hai, siic ep tir hai phia Cac nudc lham gia TPP co xu hudng dam phdn nham giii bdo hd ddi vdi ndng san ndi dja.
Khi dd hdng rao phi thug quan se trd nen phd bien vdi yeu cau cao ve chat lugng ciing nhu ve sinh an todn thuc phara. Chat Iugng va an loan vg sinh thyc phdm la nhiing diem yeu cua ndng phara Viet Nara, do dd
vugt qua hdng rdo phi thul quan dg thdm nhgp thj trudng cac nudc trong ngi khdi khdng he dg. Neu khdng vugt qua dugc hang rdo phi thue quan, ndng pham khdng tim dugc thj trudng ngoai nudc, budc phai tieu thy trong nudc; vigc tieu Ihu d thj trudng trong nudc liic ndy ciing khdng de dang do nhu cau ngudi tieu diing da tang, them vdo dd la ndi Io an todn thyc phdm; vi vay tam ly ngudi lieu diing trong nudc se hudng sang lua chgn hang ngoai nhap vdi gia re, chat lugng, an toan ve sinh thyc pham cao hem. Tliuc t l nay lam cbo hdng ndng san, doanh nghigp vd nong dan Viet Nam diing trudc sue ep tir ca hai thi trudng trong va ngoai nudc.
Thli ba, su tri trg cua doanh nghiep, thu tyc hdnh chinh rudra rd va ngn tham nhung trong bg rady qudn ly
Kha nang td chiic sdn xuat, ddi mdi cdng nghg, thich img thi trudng, khai thdc co hdi cua cdc doanh nghigp; sy lien kel cua ba nha (doanh nghiip, nhd nong vd nhd khoa hpc) de tgo chudi lidn ket trong sdn xuat vd sdn phdm con ygu kem; mat khac thu tyc hanh chinh rudm ra, nhieu khg, ngn tham nhiing va Igi ich nhdm lam meo md chii truang cua Nha nudc... la nhung thach thiic khi cdc ngdnh kinh t l Vi§t Nam ndi chung va nganh ndng nghiep ndi rieng hgi nhgp TPP.
Hdi nhap TPP Id cdn thilt ddi vdi nen kinh tg ndi chung va ndng nghigp ndi rieng. Vdn de la phdi ldm gi d l Id trinh hdi nhgp
(Xem liep trang 14)
Tap chi nghien cflu Tai chinh ke toan
O
TAI CHINH VI MO Q Soil (148) - 2015 ^
cao, trudc het cdn cd sy kit hgp giira nhd trudng, doanh nghigp, higp hdi, de ndm bdt dugc nhu cau, qua do ddo tgo chuan xac lao ddng cd ky nang cao vdi ngdnh nghe dap ung dugc nhu cau cua xa hpi, dgc bigt can hudng tdi dao tao nhdn lyc theo chudn qudc tg. Cdc doanh nghiep, dgc biel doanb nghiep Viet Nam can cd chinh sach dai ngp dg thu hilt nhan luc chat Iugng cao, tao mdi trudng tdt giup hg phat huy nang lyc, qua dd tranh chay mdu chat xdm.
Trong bdi cdnh Viet Nam hpi nhdp mgnh rae, siic ep cdi each the che, tai co cau nen kinh te, ndng cao trinh dp khoa hgc -
cdng nghe vd nang lyc cgnh tranh dat ra ddi vdi Vigt Nam rat ldn. Trong dd, Chinh phu can rd soat, bd sung va xdy dyng cdc chinh sdch phdp lugt phii hgp de hodn thign khung phdp ly trong nudc Iren co sd hai hda vdi cac cam kit khu vyc v l thyc thi AEC. Coi trgng cdng tdc nghien ciru, dy bdo, day mgnh cdi each hanh chinh trong cac Hnh vyc thuang mai, djch vy, dau tu nhdm ndng cao siic cgnh tranh, chu dpng tan dung cdc co hdi khi hinh thdnh thj trudng chung ASEAN...
Cd thl ndi, hpi nhap vua la CO hOi, vira Id thach thuc va cd khdng it nii ro. Klii hdi nhap sau
rOng cdc doanh nghiap se dugc tham gia vdo cupc choi khu vyc hda, toan cau hda vd cgnh tranh nhieu ban, dd ciing Id co h$i cho cdc doanh nghigp Vi^t Nam nhin lai dicm ragnh, khac phyc dicm ylu d l de ra chien lugc phat triln phu hgp vdi lg trinh gia nhgp AEC. Thach thiic ludn di ciing CO hOi nhung chiing ta tin tudng rdng, vdi sy vao cugc tich cyc cua Chinh phu, cdc ca quan chiic nang va vdi sy chii ddng cua doanh nghiep, vigc hgi nhgp AEC se gdp phan nang cao nang lyc cgnh tranh ciia doanh nghigp, gdp phan phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi, duy tri hda binh, dn dinh, dam bao an ninh qudc phdng ciia ddt nudc.
Hoi nhap TPP: Co" hoi va thach thii-c
sap tdi thuan lgi ddi vdi ndng nghiep va ndng san Viet Nara, sau day xin de xudt mdt sd giai phap.
M6t so giai ph^p cff bdn Thu- nhat, ca cau lai nganh ndng nghiep, td chuc lai sdn xuat, chuyen ddi mgnh sang md hinh trang trgi, don dien ldn d l tang cudng dp dyng cac cdng nghe tign lien, cac gidng mdi vdo sdn xuat, nham tgo nang sudt lao dgng cao, chdt lugng san phdm tdt, gidm chi phi sdn xuat, de qudn ly chat Iugng va ve sinh an todn thuc pham.
Thli hai, mdt mat can tap trung phal trien cdc nganh, sdn pham cd thg manh de hinh thanh
cac doanh nghi§p ldn, kinh doanh hieu qud vdi tu each la
"ddu tau" du nang lyc canh tranh vdi doanh nghiep nudc ngodi, ragt khde thu hgp hoac loai bd nhiing nganh, nhiing doanh nghigp hay san phdm khdng phai Id the ragnh, sue cgnh tranh kem.
Thli ba, phdi xdy dyng dugc rad hinh lien kit chuoi d l tao ra cdc chudi sdn phdm tir gidng din cdng nghg va qudn ly chdt lugng, an todn vg sinh thyc pham. Tuc la ba nhd (doanh nghigp, nhd ndng vd nhd khoa hgc) phdi lien kit tao thdnh md hinh khep km dieo chudi Udn kit sdn xudt, sdn pham nhdra ha gid
(Uep tkeo trang 11) thdnh, nang cao chdt Iugng vd qudn \<^ chdt lugng sdn phdm cung nhu an todn vg sinh thyc phdra.
Thli tu, Nhd nudc phdi tgo mdi trudng, dieu kign cho cac doanh nghiep, cho ndng ddn de ddng tiep can ngudn vdn, cdng ngh^ mdi, thdng tm thj trudng;
cdi cdch thu tuc hdnh chinh, xir ly thara nhung, dilu chmh he thdng chinh sdch lign quan dgn TPP... hudng tdi mdt thl cbe minh bgch, tgo thuan Igi cho tang trudng vd phat triln. Mat khac ndng dan vd doanh nghiep cdn chil dgng nam bdt ludt choi va chudn bj chu ddo cac dieu kign de sin sdng hpi nhap.
