KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
IXIHAIV DIEIM DAIVG S A M [.Cadanapmis Javanica]
THEO IVAM TAIVG TRUOIMG THOIMG QUA CAC DAC D I E M HilVH T H A I V A M d HOC
Nguyfin Thi Thang Long^
T6MTAT
Dang sam Codonopsisjavanica (Blume) Hook. f. la mot loai thao duoc dac trung cua tinh Lam Dong, phan bd Of do cao 800-1200 m so voi muc nuoc bien. Muc dich cua nghien ciiu nay la tim bieu cac dac diem ve hinh thai, giai phau dac tnmg macro, micro va xac dinh vong nam tang truong, tudi dua vao vong tang tnrong, lam chi thi de nhan biet chinh xac dang sam giiip nguoi trong thu hoach diing thoi diem, nguoi khai thac phan loai san pham sau thu hoach de dang va nhanh chong khong can den may moc phuc tap. Nguoi tieu diing co the chpn san pham theo do tuoi tiiy theo nhu cau tranh mua hang hoa gia mao kem chat luong.
K^t qua nghidn cuu cho thay co the nhan dang duoc dang sam qua cac dac di^m chi dan dac biet nhu v^t seo hang nam a co r^, mau sdc, miii, vi va b^ mat cua nhung lat cat tuoi, kho; kich thuoc duong kinh cii dao dOng trong khoang 0,64+0,29 cm; 1,09+0,19 cm; 1,66+0,23 cm, 2.24+0,30 cm lan luot theo 1, 2, 3, 4 nam trong. Ty \t ciia duong kinh xylem/phloem ldn luot la 58,90%; 47.23%; 32,69% va 42,31% cho cac nam tuoi 1, 2, 3 va 4 nam tuoi. M6i v6ng tang truong la mot nam.
Tit Idida: Dang sam, nSm tang tmdng, hinh thai, macro, rmcro, dudng kinh, xylem, phloem.
1. DAT VAN BE
Dang sam Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook. f.
Ia loai cay thao duac dae tnmg eua tinh Lam Dong hi^n dang thu hiit su quan tam ea phuong dien phap ly Ui va tieu dimg nhung vi&e budn ban, khai thac dang tha noi tu do kho kiem soat. Tinh trang su dung thao dupc da sd khong theo huong din cQa bac si dan tdi vi^e khdng nhan ra cac mdi nguy hem an trong mpt san pham kem chat lupng hoac bi lam gia.
Do vay, buoc can thiet dau tien de dam bao chat lupng cua cac loai nguyen lieu ban ddu la xac dinh chinh xac loai, thoi gian thu hoach la rat quan trpng cho su tdn t?ii va thanh cong cua san pham [9] va cac thanh phin ben trong nguyen Heu [14]. MOt loai thao dirpc cp ehit lupng hay khong do cae hoat chat sinh hpe quy^t dinh. Trong ho Codonopsis, inuUn loai Fruetan la mpt ppysacharide, ngoai tae dung dupc ly dupc bi^t d^n nhu mot boat chat sinh hpe da tac dung nhu chdng beo phi, tSng cuong miln dieh IlOl no eon la nguon la nguon carbohydrate du trii nang lupng, dong vai tro eo ban trong qua trinh tham thau d^ boat dpng nhu chat bao ve chdng lai su mit nuoc gay ra boi han han hoac dong bang va co lien quan den su chiu dung stress b thuc vat [5].
' Khoa Nong Lam, Trudng Dai hoc Da L^t Email: [email protected] vn
Phuong phap nghifin eiiu hinh thai (nhan dien hinh thai hay macro) va md hpc (nhan dien mo hoc hay micro) la buoc diu ti^n d^ xac dinh danh tinh va miic dp tinh khiet ciia duoe lieu. Nhan dang macro vat Ii$u cay thudc la mot phuong phap truyen thong don gian, nhanh va d l dang. Tuy nhien, vi cae dae di^m nay duoe danh gia mot each chu quan va cac chat CO the bi lam gia gan gidng voi vat lieu chinh nen thuong phai chung minh cac phat hien bang kinh hien vi (nhan dang micro) va/hoae phan tieh hda ly [14]. Cac phuong phap khac phu thuoc vao eac eong cu hien dai [16] doi hoi thiet bi dat tien va ehi phi dat [8].
Mue dieh cua nghien cuu la fim ra eae dac diem macro va micro dae trung de nhan dien nguyen heu theo nam tudi nhanh, d l dang, tir do cd co so khoa hoc giup ngudi khai thac, nguoi trong phan loai san pham ngay sau khi thu hoach; nguoi tieu dimg ed the phan biet dang sam mpt each nhanh chong, don gian va re tiln d l lua chpn san pham dang sam theo nam tudi phii hpp vdi nhu cau, tranh mua phai hang gia kem chat luong.
2. M l TUQNG VA PHUDNG PHAP 2.1. Ddi hrpng nghi6n cthi
Rl cu dang sam (Codonopsis javanicd) tuoi, tu nhien, hdn hpp nhilu kich co hinh dang khac nhau dugrc mua true tiep eua ngudi dan tdc ICho ban dia 67
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H I
khai thac tai viing Lae Duong, Lam Dong trong thoi gian hi thang 5-6 nam 2019.
2.2. Phuong phip nghidn cihi 2.2.1. Phuong phip xu ly miu
Sau khi rua sach, mlu tuoi duoc phan ehia vao cac nhdm theo nam sinh truong 1-2; 2-3; 3 4 va trfen 4 nam tuoi dua vao dae diem hinh thai bfen ngoai. Mlu tuoi thai lat mdng, say ndng dudi 60°C b-ong hi say float Bmder FD56, Due) den khi am dp dat < 15%. Do dp am mau kho bang Ihiet bi phan tich dp am (loai MF-50, Nhat). Cac mlu khd duge bao goi trong dii PE chan khong de thue hien nhiing nghidn ciiu tiep theo.
2.2.2. Phuong phap chiet miu
Mlu dugc loai beo bang n-hexan trong 6 gio bang chilt Soxhlet [12], say kho (say ndng a 55<'C) sau do loai duong tu do va cac chat mau bang each chi^t ndng voi EtOH 90% trong 15 phiit blng dung cu chilt Soxhlet, thu ba dupe h6u, sly kho o 55°C din khi cd Im dd duoi 10%.
Chilt mlu dinh lugng inulin/fruetan: Can chinh x l c 2 g mlu vao binh thiiy tinh va bd sung 50 ml nudc/lan vao binh va sieu am floai Elmasonic S
300H, Due) trong thm gian 70 phut Lan lugt 30/10/10/10/10 phut/lln. Tan s6 silu am 5 0 ^ Hz va nhi^t do sieu am 70"C. Lpc dich lpc tho blng ludi Ipc, lgc tilp qua giay lpc Whatman sd 1 va lpc tinh bang mang sieu lpc 0,45 |im float AUpure PTTE, Dai Loan) tnrde khi dinh lupng inulin.
2.2.3. Cicphuar^phip phin ti'ch
- Cac dae diem mo ta hinh thai ben ngoai (mau, miii, vi, lat cat hroi, khd) theo Dupe dien Viet Nam V (2017) va nghifen ciiu eua Zhang (2017) [2,151.
- Cac dae diem nh?n dang ehinh: Sd vong nam tren cd rl; su phan nhanh eua r l chinh, mat lit cit tuoi va khd theo Zhao va Cs (2011) [16]. Hinh 1. A, B.C.
- Kich thude duong kinh cu (mm): Do chd phinh to nhat cua cii blng thudc kep long tron vdi don vi nho nhit 0,1 mm.
Mlu tiSu ban hien vi: Moi eu ehi cat 01 lat Dimg dao lam eit lit mong vuong goc voi than rl, each co r l 1,5-2 cm. Cd dinh hinh dang lat cat bang Ethanol 70%, sau do nhuom mau lat cit blng Camun Iuc lode theo Trin Hting (2004) [4].
Hinh 1. Cle d$c di^m nh^n d^ing chinh vj tri than r l (Pi), b l m$t lit cit ngang say khd (B), ciu tao lit d t ngang (C), clu tnic vdng nam bi6i (D)
68 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020
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- Xac dinh nam tuoi thong qua vong tang truong hang nam theo Schweingruber va cs. (2005) [13].
Hinh ID. Anh lat eit vdng tang frudng nam duoc nhuom mau a dp phdng dai 40 lan (Olympus S2X7, Nhat).
- Do duong kinh xylem, phloem (pm) tai dilm tiep giap vdi phloem (nhu mo) Kr b i n nay xuyin tam qua diem tiep giap voi pholem (nhu md) ben kia bang thuoe do trong phan mem chuyen dung cua thiet bi Olympus S2X7, Nhat.
- Dinh tinh nguyen li^u theo Dupc dien VN V (2017).
- Xac dinh dO am nguyin lieu theo Dupe dien VN V (2017). Dimg thilt hi say am tu dpng floai MF- 50, Nhat).
- xac dinh tdng chat chilt hoa tan theo WHO (1992).
, V . - , . t"^&\ ("'2 - 7?il) • V Tong chat chiet hoa tan I-—I =
(2) Trong dd:
m: khdi luong mlu dem chiet (g); m^: khdi lupng dia petri vl mlu sau khi sly kho (g); mi: khdi lugng dia petii (g); V: the tich chilt (ml); v: the tieh dem di lam kho (ml).
- Xac dinh khoang tong so, khoang khong tan h-ong acid theo WHO (1992).
^ , . , , (m2 - nil) * 100
Tong hrong khoang (%) = ,„.
m (3) Trong dd:
m2: khdi Itrpng cdc va tro (mg); m,: khoi Iirgng cdc d-ude khi ddt (mg); ra: khdi lugng mlu dem dot (mg).
- Xac dinh ham lugng Inulin blng phuong phap quang pho so mau UV-VIS. Chat so mau Resorcinol - Thiure theo Penchevavacs., 2012 [11],
X * k * V Ham Urong l n u l i n ( m o / o ) —
m * V (4) Trong dd:
F: Imulin trong mlu phan tieh; X: Nong dp fructose trong mlu phan tich (mg); k: He sd pha loang; V: The tieh dich chiet mlu (ml); v: T h i beh dich chiet dem phan tich (ml); m: Khdi lugng mlu phan tich (g).
- Dinh lupng tap chat vo co va kim loai nang blng ky thuat do pho hap thu nguyen tii AA (Hg; Pb;
As; Cd) thep TCVN 7602:2007 (AOAC 972.25).
Co* f *V
Ws (5) Trong dd:
X: ham lupng kim loai cd trong mau; Co: ndng do (mg) mlu phan tich; V the tich dung dieh phan tich (ml); f: Do pha loang.
Ws: khdi lugng mlu dem phan tich (kg).
2.3.XuI^s6U|u
Sd li^u dugc xu ly blng phan mem thong ke Minitab 18.0.
S.KFTQUAVATHAOLDAN
3.1. Phan bi^t vdng nam tang trudng thdng qua cic dac dilm hinh thii v l mo hpc
X (mg/kg) •-
Bang 1. Cle dae dilm nhan djing chinh Then gian tang trtrong (nam)
Hinh dang, mau sic bin ngpai.
Mill, vi.
Nam thxi nhat
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Namfhit2
I
Nam thii 4Rl n^e, thudn dii, hinh tru co khi phan nhinh, dau tren to dau dudi nhd, elm ehle tay. Diu trin phat triln to, cam chic tay, rin, d l be vit be khong phing, khdng mm. Co hoae khong phan nhanh.
Mau tii vang nhat sang den hoi nau vang. Nam thii nhat thudng rat mong vo, nhin mong nude, phin vo day xu xi din len cho din nam thii tu.
KHOA HQC C6WG NGHfi
Vit seo hang nam tren co r l
Thom dac himg. vi ngpt nhe b-ong nam nhit. vi ngpt giam din sang tii nhiing nam sau dd.
'^19
V e tcac vet seo tren cd r l la do than eay nam truoc lui di. Sd lupng vong seo tren ed r l khac nhau theo dp tuoi cua chung. Cay cang nhilu nam thi co r l cang dai, cang to va nhilu so lupng vong seo. Doan cd r l nay to hay nhd, dai hay ngan tiiy tiiupc nam tuoi. Seo co r l xuat hien tir cu 2 nam tuoi tro di, chiing ddi dien, so le nhau, khong theo qui lu4t. Tr&n mdi vet seo co tir 3-5 seo chim nho II vit tich eua choi mpc nam tnrdc lui di, khdng theo qui luat
Be mat lit eat ngang (ttroi va kho) (A) B l mat lit cat ngang nhuom
mlu (B) Bl mat lit eat tuoi phang min. Co cac tia gd hinh nam quat. Loi giiia ving dam, phan nhu mo vang nhat Phin tru giiia (xy lem) hinh tron 6 nhung nam diu ti^n sau do eang nhieu nam loi giiia bien dang din meo mo thanh hinh Iuc gilc. Bl mat lat eit say kho nhan, co ranh vong tron dong tam.
Vong tang tnrdng
Nhimg vong man dam xen ke vdi nhiing vong mau sang, x i p dong tam (B). Mpt vong sang va mgt vong tdi la mgt nam. Vong tang truong nlm trong phan xylem khdng phai liic nao ciing hinh tron m l nd biln ddi theo hinh dang x\'lfm va theo thoi gian tang ti-udng (A).
70 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Soi bdt vl vi phlu sam cu dang sam
Bot r l dang sam co mau vang nau, mui thom, vi nggt nhe (A). Soi bdt cd khoi inulin dang tinh the (B). Vi phlu r l co cae manh mo mim, mach eay, khoi nhua mau va manh ban (C).
Md ta ehi tiet vl cac dac dilm, dae tinh vat ly eua timg loai cay cd thi dtrpe str dyng de dam bao ea ban sic va dp tinh khilt. Mdi md ta duge kem theo hinh minh hoa chi tilt va hinh anh chup cung cap tai li6u tn;c quan nham xac dinh ehinh xac nguyen heu 116].
Cae dac dilm hinh thai khong ehi liln quan den hinh dang bin ngoai ma eon lien kit bieu hiln b i n ngoai nay voi cac cau tnic giai phlu va eae thanh phan boa hoc bin trong. Nhan dang hinh thai dupe hlu ed ngudn gdc tir r l thudng duoc thtrc hien blng cam quan nhu quan sat hinh dang, dac diem kit cau be mat va b l mat bi nirt, be mat cit dac diem gay, cham, ngui (miii) nem (vi) hoae thir nghiem voi nuoc hoac lira [14]. Kit qua trinh biy cac dac diem nhan dang chinh thi hien trong bang 1.
Tiidng qua b l mat eit ciia dupc lieu co the giiip phan biet mpt sd loli khac nhau. Nlu mdt b l mat cit tuong ddi blng phing, no thuong chi ra ring cac mo rit giau te bao nhu md. Mau sic, hirong vi cua mdt s6 dupe lieu thuong ed mdi quan he chat che vdi chat luong va vdi eae thanh phin hda hgc ben trong. Vi du, nhan sam cd vi hoi ngpt va hoi ding vi nd ehiia ca saceharid vl saponin [16], Nam sinh trudng ciia than cay hlu hit cd the dupe danh gil blng cac vdng hang nam dua tren can tnic kinh hiln vi, cac dae dilm md hpc quan trpng. Dd la hinh dang cua cac te bao nhu md cua phloem, xylem va gia tri phin tram dudng kinh ctia xylem vdi r l cd t h i khac nhau 6- elc giai doan sinh tnrong khac nhau eua cay va dieu ki^n
lam kho cua r l . M6i vong tang truong la mdt nam tuoi nhung ed su khae biet ro rang vl eae vdng sinh tnrdng cua cac chi hoac loai khae nhau la rat khac nhau [6].
3.2. Kich thudc dudng kinh cii Kit qua trinh bay trong bang 2.
Bang 2. Kich tht?dc dudng kinh cii qua cic nSm Nam
tuoi (nam)
1 2 3 4
Luong mlu do
(cu) 523 548 609 162
Duong kinh trung binh (cm)
0,64'±0,29 1,09'±0,19 1,66' ± 0,23 2,24'±0,30 Ghi chd- Cac chu cai trong cung mdt cdt khic nhau till khic nhau 0<O,O5)
Dudng kinh cu ti le vdi sd nam va khdng phu thugc do xdp dat Dudng kinh trung binh eu tang ti le thuan theo thdi gian tang trudng (Bang 3), thap nhat vao nam thii nhat (0,64 ±0,29 cm), tang din qua nam thii 2 (1,09 + 0,19 em) vl nam thir 3 (1,66 + 0,23 cm) v l cao nhat vao nam thii 4 (2,24 ± 0,30 em). Dudng kinh eu nam thii 3 cao hon nam thii nhat 2,59 lln.
Dudng kinh eu gia tang theo nam tuoi do qui trinh sinh trudng, tieh liiy dudng chat Su khac biet dutmg kinh cu trung binh giiia cae nam tuoi eiia cu dang sam cd y nghia a miie (p < 0,05).
KHOA HOC C»NO W6HE
3.3. Tl li duemg kinh xylem v4 pUoem khong th« cung dp nhan dang diy du n h m g Wii Vi cac dac diem vi mo duoc danh gia mot each P^oi hop cimg voi cac phuong phap phan tich khic chii quan va cac chat (hay th^ hoac chat ngoai lai co " ° •=" th^ cung cap kha nang h6 Iro nhan dang chinh the gdn gidng voi vat liftu chinh n t a thuong can phai '^<= hon [14, 161. Kft qua xac dmh ty IS dutmg kinh ehirng minh cac phat hiSn bang Idnh hien vi va /hoSe xylem/phloem dugc trinh bay trong bang 3.
phan tieh hoa ly [14]. M m t a bang kinh hiSn vi
Namtu6i (nam)
1 2 3 4
Sd lat cat Oat) 251 220 198 114
Dudng kinh xylem
(mm) 2,T ±0,5 3,6= ±0,7 5,0'±1.1 7,7 "±2.6
Duong kinh phloem
(mm) 4,65' ±0,74 8,09' ±2,14 15,64'±2,60 17,39'±2,56
Ti le dudng kinh xylem/phloem (%)
58,90' 47,23' 32,69'' 42,31' Ghi chu: Cic chu cii trong cung cdt khic nhau thi khic nhau coy nghia thdng ke (p<0,05) Dudng kinh xylem nhd nhit vao nam thu nhit
(2,7±0,5) mm tSng din d i n nam thir 2 (3,6+0,7) mm, tiep tuc tang len d nam thii 3 va thii 4 (7,7+2,6) mm.
Nhu vay, phan xa loi ngay cang gia tang theo nam sinh trudng. Tuy nhien, ti If xylem/phloem khdng tuan theo qui luat trfin. Bang 3 cho thay vao nam thii nhit, dudng kinh xylem chiem 58,90% so vdi phan phloem, sang nam thu hai giam xudng cdn 47,23%. 11 le nay thap nhat vio nam thir 3, cdn 32,69% sau dd tang ien 42,31% vao nam thii 4 (p<0,05). Dilu nay chiing minh ring vao nam thii 3 phin xo loi (xylem) 11 it nhat. Gia tn phin tram dudng kinh xylem so vdi phloem ed the khac nhau d cae giai doan phat trien khae nhau cua cay [8]. Xu hudng tang giam ti le xylem/phloem dupe minh hga trong hinh 2.
Nam tuoi (nam)
Hinh 2. Xu hudng biln ddi ti 1$ xylem/phloem
3.4. Xlc dinh tu6i nguyin lilu d^t tilu chuIn So sinh ham lugng cac chit trong nguyin li^u dang sam nghiin ciiu vdi nguyin lieu qui chuan dugc trinh biy trong bang 4.
So vdi Dupe dien VN Y (2017) vl elc tilu chi qui dinh, vao nam thii 4 Iuong khoang tdng sd cao virgt ngudng (> 6%) trong khi nam 1, 2, 3 diu nlm trong gidi ban cho phep. VIo nam thii 1 vl thii 2, ham lupng chat chiet hda tan lln luot la 68,63+1,496;
61,61+1,54%, giam vao nam thir 3 (58,24+1,57%) va thii 4 (52,72+1,42%) (p<0,05).
Xet vl hoat chat sinh hpc nhu Inulin, xu hudng nay khdng di theo ehieu hudng giam ma di theo chilu tang dan theo nam tang tnrdng. Cu thi nam thii 1 ham lugng InuUn dat (169,82+3,01) mg/g, tang dan sang nam thir 2 (198,22+3,19) mg/g va d^t dinh trong nam thir 3 (222,24+3,54) mg/g birdc khi giam thap xuong vao nam thii 4 (217,41±2,94) mg/g kho
(p<0,05).
Phuong trinh tuong quan hoat chat theo nam tuoi dupe xtr ly blng phin m i m Minitab 18 cho thay:
Ham lupng cle chat chiet hoa tan va ham Iirpng khoang tdng sd II mpt dudng tuong quan tuyIn tinh YccHT (%) = 68,9^25,19 log,oX (R^ 0.92). (X nam tudi);
Ykhoang -M = 3,06 + 5,181og,oX (R^ 0,91) trong khi tuong quan ham lupng inuUn vdi nam tudi 11 m^
dudng phi tuyIn tinh bac 2,Y,„„^„(mg/^
-113,9+254,71ogioX-258,9 log.oX^ (R^ 0,94). Chat lugng cua thao dugc hi anh hudng bdi cae ylu td mffl trudng nhu khi h|u, dp cao va cat ylu td khac nhir
72 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2O20
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biln t h i di truyin, dieu kiln smh hTidng, thdi diem vl phuong phip thu hoach, tiep xiie eua elc loai thao mpc vdi khdng khi, Inh sang, dp Im v l loai bao quan
17, 14]. Tap chat vd c a v a kim loai nang khong phat hi^n va diu nlm trong ngudng an toan cho phep.
Blng 4. Him lugng cic chit trong nguyto lilu dang s l m
Chi tieu qui dinh
Dp am (%) Dinh tinh Chat chiet hda tan (%) Khoang toan phdn (%) Ham luong Inulin (mg Fructose/g) Khoang khong tan trong acid (%) Tapchatvdco(%) Kim loai nang (ppm):
Pb;Cd;Hg;As
Nguyen lieu dang sam
chuan*
<15 +
>35
<6 Khong qui
dinh
<2
<1
< 20x10"
Nam tudi thlir 1
8,2 + 68,63'±1,43 3,33'' ±0,36 169,82'' ±3,01
KPH
2 8,0
+ 61,61'±1,54 4,09'± 0,26 198,22=±3,19
KPH
3 7,9
+ 58,24=±1,57 5,50' ± 0,17 222,24»±3,54
KPH
4 7,8 + 52,72'' ±1,42
6,36" ±0,09 217,41'±2,94
KPH Cic chu cii khic nhau trong Cling mdt hing the bien su khic bidt ding ke, p <0,05
Ghichii: * Theo Dugc dien [2]; KPH: Khdng phit hien; (+) Duong tinh; (-) Am tinh Rl cu llm dupe hlu chu yeu la tir eay hat la mim
va do do cd mgt y nghia thilt thuc trong vile sii dung cic vdng sinh trudng de phit hien cle nam tuoi nhung khdng phai tit ea cic loai thao mpc hai II lau nam diu phat triln vdi vdng tang trudng rd rang (mdt so cd bd mach bat thudng hoae vdng tang tiirong khong ro rang). Nhirng nam tang trudng eua cac duoc lilu thudng cd anh hudng d i n chat lugng thude, ehii ylu anh hudng den ham lugng cua mdt so thinh phin dupe pham do mdi quan he giira tieh luy chat chuyin hda thii cap va nam tang trudng [6]. Kit qua phan tieh trin cho thay nen thu hoach dang sam vao nam thii 3.
4. KET LUAN
Cd t h i nhan diln duge dang sam theo nam tang birdng dua vao elc dac dilm nhan dang hinh thai (nhan dang macro) chinh tap hoing vao vet seo fren CO rl, kit hgp vdi nhan dang mlu sic ben ngoai, miii, vi. Cae lit eit ngang min, ed tia nan quat. Phan xylem man ving din ving dim, hinh frdn rdi meo thanh hinh Iuc giac nhiing nam sau dd. Dudng kinh cu tang dan theo thdi gian tang ti-udng. Ti le xylem/phloem biln dpng giam din, nam thu 3 la thap nhat 32,69%, tang lln d nam thu 4. Dua vao giai phlu md hpc (nhan dang rmero) quyet dinh chinh II vdng tang trudng hang nam. Mdi vdng II mot nam.
Dinh tinh phan ling tao vdng mau tim: Duong tinh.
Ham luong khoing bien ddng tang din theo nam tudi. Sang nam thii tu vupt ngudng qui dinh (6,36+0,09)%. Ham lupng ehit ehilt hda tan cao nhat frong nam diu tien sau do giam din nhung Hydratcarbon du trii loai Inulin lai tang dan, cao nhat vio nam thir 3 (222,24+3,54) mg/g khd. Khoing tdng sd v l chat chiet hda tan nam tudi thir 1, 2, 3 deu nam frong ngudng qui dinh eua Dupc dien VN, V, (2017).
Mdi tirong quan elc chat ben frong vdi nam tudi la rat eao, gia fri (R^> 0,90) the hiln ro vai trd va anh hudng cua nam tang trudng din thanh phan va chat luang nguyen lieu ban diu. Nen thu hoach dang slm vao nam thu 3 de lam nguyen lieu dupe. Ngtrdi tieu dimg nen mua dang sam giai doan 2-3 nam tuoi do dip ling dly du cac ti6u ehi eua mdt nguyen lieu theo tilu chuan dupe lieu.
TAIUEUTHAM KHAO
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DETERMINATION OFTHE DANGSHEN (CodonopsisJavanica) BYTHE YEAR OF GROWTH THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL and ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Nguyen Thi Thang Long Summary
Codonopsis Javanica (Blume) Hook.f. is a typical herb of Lam Dong province, distributed at an altitude of 800-1200 m above sea level, currently atfracting attention both in terms of legal and consumption, but the trade and exploitation are being free - floated, so it does not control the nsks of poor quality products or counterfeit products. The purpose of present the study is to find morphological characteristics, macro- anatomical characteristics, microphones, and determine age based on growth nngs, standard quality analysis methods to accurately identify gmseng Party by age five. It helps growers harvesting at the right time, miners sort products easily and quickly without the need for complex machinery, consumers can choose products according to their age according to the need to avoid buying substandard fake goods. The result showed that;The ginseng party was identified through special features such as the annual scar on the root neck, the color, smell, taste, and surface of fresh, dry slices; The dimensions of the diameter of the bulbs were within (0.64 + 029 cm; 1.09 ± 0.19 cm; 1.66+ 0.23 cm, 2.24 ± 0.30) cm, respectively according to 1, 2, 3, 4 years of growdi. The percentage of the xylem/phloem diameter, respectively 58.90%. 47.23%.
32.69% and 42.31% for years 1, 2. 3, and 4 growth years.
Keywords: Dangshen. year oi growth, morphology, macro, diameter, xylem. phloem.
Ngudi phan bi|n: TS. Nguyin VSn Khilm Ngly nh^n hii: 26/6/2020
Ngly thdng qua phan bi|n: 27/7/2020 Ngly duy|t dSng: 3/8/2020
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