KHOA HOC CONG N G H l
AIMH H U O I V G CLIA T O H O P K H U COIMG IMGHIEP, O O T H |
VA DICH VU VSIP IMGHE AIM DEIM SIIMH KE IMGUOI DAIM
KHU VUC DU AIM
TVuong Quang Ngftn' T6MTAT
To hgp Khu Cong nghiep, do thi va dich vu Vsip Nghe An (goi tat Vsip Nghe An) duoc thanh lap nam 2015, Ur ngay hoat dong den nay da thu hiit duoc 35 du an voi tdng s6 von ddu tu la 21.500 iy dong va 100 tneu USD, giai quyet vi?c Iam cho 3.000 lao dong. Xay dung va phat trien Vsip Ngh^ An da co nhung anh huong den bien dpng su dung dat xa Hung Tay, huyen Htmg Nguyen, dien tich dat nong nghidp giam 363.6 ha, difn tich dat phi nong nghiep tang 366,65 ha, dien hch dait chtra su dung giam 3,05 ha. Sii dung thang do 5 mtrc cua Likert d^ danh gia kt-t qua di^u tra 140 ho gia dinh. ket qua cho thay Vsip Nghe An anh huong manh den b6p can co so ha tang va bit-n dong sir dung quy d^t vai gia tn trung binh lan lupt la 4.01. 3,54;
anh huong tmng binh den sir dung tien boi thircmg, ho trgf khi bi thu hoi dat vai gia tri trung binh la 2,85;
anh huong riit manh d^n kha nang tiep can va cap nhal thong Un ciia nguoi dan doi voi san xuAt va doi sdng voi gia tri trung binh la 4,32; anh hucmg yeu dt'n trinh dp cua lao dong dia phuong voi gia tri trung binh la 2.34. Mpl sd giai phap ve thuc hien chinh sach dat dai. giai phap quan ly va tuyen truyen chinh sach phap lual; giai phap huong nghiep day nghe nham thuc hien tdt quan ly dat dai va smh ke ciia nguoi dan trong viing du an da 6XKK d^ xuat.
Tix^ok: Anh hudng. biin dong sudung dat. smh ki. VsipNgb^An.
I . B A T V I U V B E
To hop Kliu Cong nghiep. dd thi va djch vu Vsip Ngh^ An (goi tM Vsip Nghe An) dugc tiianh lap tir Hiim 2015 vdi tdng dien tich 750 ha thupc dia phan xa Hung Tay, huyen Hung Nguyen, tinh Nghe An (Quyet dinh sd 2727/QD-UBND.DT ngay 29/6/2015). Tir ngay di vao hoat ddng den nay \'sip Nghe An da thu hiit duoc 35 du an voi tong so von dau hr la 21.5(X) ty ddng va 100 tneu USD. giai quy^t viec lam cho ti'en 3.000 lao dong, gop phan lam tfaay ddi h? thong ha tang, thuc day nhanh su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dia phuong, dong gop dang ke cho nguon ngan sach tinh Nghe An (Ban quan ly Khu kinh t^ Ddng Nam Nghe An, 2019). Tuy nhien.
viec tri^n khai thu hdi dat phuc vu cho cac du an, cung nhu cac du an di vao hoat dgng da co mdi tiiong quan den cac yeu td dac trimg ctia sinh ke ngucri dan trong vimg du an nhm tie-p can ca so ha tang (ngudn luc Viit chiit): bi^n ddng sii dsing quy dat (ngudn luc tu nhien); tien bdi thudng, ho ti-o khi bi thu hoi dat (ngudn luc tai chinh); kha nang tiep can va cap nhat thong tin ciia nguiri dan ddi vdi san xuat va doi sdng (ngutjn luc xa hdO: trinh dd cua lao dong dia phuong ' Truimg Dai hifc Kinh te Niihe .^
Email: [email protected]
NONGNGHIEPVA PHAT
(nguon lire con nguoi). Do vay, nghien ctJu anh hudng ciia Vsip Nghe An den sinh ke cua nguoi dan trong vung diJ an la can thiet.
Nghien cthi nay dugc thiJC hien nham miic dich danh gia thuc trang bien dpng su dting dat va xac dinh anh huong cua Vsip Nghe An den chi h6u dac tiimg thuoc cac nguon smh ke ciia nguoi dan dia phuong; ti'en ca so do de xuat mot sd giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua quan Iy su dung dat cung nhu cai thien sinh ke ciia ngudi dan.
2. PHUDNG PHAP mWBi CUU
• Phuong phap difeu ti'a va thu thap sd lieu thu cap: thu thap tai lieu, s6 Ueu v6 thuc trang cdng tac thu hdi dat phuc vu cho xay dung Vsip Nghe An, sd lieu ve tinh hinh sti dung dat dai tai Phong Tai nguyen va Moi tiirdng huyen Hmig Nguyen. s6 lieu tinh hinh san xuat kmh doanh tai Ban quan ly Khu kinh te Dong Nam Nghe An.
- Phuong phap dieu ti'a va thu thap s6 heu so cap: tien hanh dieu ti-a 140 hg gia dinh va 10 can bo quan Iy dia phutmg cap huyen, cap xa va can b6 khdi xom de thong tin va danh gia muc do anh huon? cua Vsip Ngh. An d^n cac cfai ti.u dac tnmg n h T t h u T nguon Vdn sinh ke nguoi dan. Su duny ph^,^g phap tham van tixrc tiep cua cac chuyin g.a v^ 4 ' J sinh ke. can bg quan Iy dia phmmg, .p Uny^^ ,^^^
KttOA HOC CONG NGHE
va Ccin bp khoi xdm de chgn ra 5 chi tieu dac trung nhat nham danh gia anh hucmg ciia Vsip Nghe An d^n cac chi tieu dac tnmg cua ngudn vdn sinh ke cua ngum dan khu vuc du an, nhu: tiep can co so ha tang;
bien dgng sii dung quy dat; tien bdi thuong. h6 trg khi bi thu hoi dat; kha nang tiep can va cap nhat thdng tin ciia nguoi dan ddi voi san xuat va din sdng;
trinh do cua lao ddng dia phuong.
- Phuong phap xir Iy, phan tich va tong hgp sd lieu: sti dung phuong phap pfaan tich, theo ket qua thong ke, mo ta, tinh trung binh trgng so...bang phan m4m Excel; sti dung phuong phap phan tich dinh tinh trong SPSS de thdng ke dac tinh ctia cac ddi tugng dieu h-a. Su dung thang do Likert (Likert, 1932) de danh gui miic dd anh huong den sinh ke nguoi dan theo 5 muc do: Rat manh, manh, trung binh, yeu va rat yeu, tuong ting voi cac trong so 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Khoang gia ti'i tuong ung voi miic do anh hirong tdi sinh ke nhu sau: rat manh: > 4,20; manh: tu 3,40 den 4,19; tiling binh: tii' 2,60 den 3.39; ye'u tu 1,80 d^n <2,59; rat yeu: <1,8.
3. KET QUA NGHIEIU CUU
3.1. Khdi qudt thuc trang kinh t^ - xa hgi xa Hung Tdy, huy§n Htmg Nguyen
Xa Hung Tay, huyen Hung Nguyen, tinh Nghe An nam ve phia Bac huy^n Hung Nguyen, each tiling tam thanh phd Vinh khoang 5 km, cd he tiiong giao Uiong thuan lgi, mini ti'en tuyen giao tiiong chu chuyen tuy^n duong hanh lang kinh te Dong - Tay.
Qudc Ld IA, Qudc Lo 46B ndi len Cua khau Thanh Thiiy, la noi giao luu va ti'ao doi hang hoa tir nudr ta sang nude ban Lao, gan lien voi cang bien, khu du hch Cira Lo...
Tong dien tich tu nhien cita dia phuong nam 2018 la 1.840,57 ha, dan s6 11.345 ngiriri, vdi 6.545 lao dpng, ti'ong dd lao dgng nong nghiep giam xudng
Bang 1. Di$n tich dat tfau hoi xay
nhanh, con 68%: lao ddng phi nong nghiep tang dang ke va dat 32%. Tdc dd tang truong kinh te ciia xa ti-ong nhimg nam qua tang kha, binh quan tir 2010 den 2018 la 7,596; ty le hg ngheo ddi giam tir 9.30%
nam 2010 xuong con 1.52% nam 201S; ea cau kinh te ciia dia phuong chuyen dich theo hudng ty trong gia tri san lugng eong nghiep va dich vu lang len. trong kfai t\' trong gia tri san lugng nong nghiep giam xudng. Nam 2018. ndng nghiep chi^n 25.2%, cong nghiep - xay dung 20.1% va dich vu 54,7% (Bao eao cua Uy ban NTian dan xa Hung Tay, 2019).
3.2. Khai quat v^ kfau virc Vsip Ngfae An 3.2.1. I / tn'. quyiiid. tinh chai Vsip Nghi An Vsip Nghe An thugc dia ban Hmig Tay, huyen Hung Nguyen, tinh Nghe An. Nam b vi ti'i dac dia gan sat vdi TP. Vinh (each TP. Vinh 5 lan), ti'en hanh lang Ddng - Tay rong ldn ctia thanh phd duoe ket ndi bdi Qudc Ig 46B va duong 72 m Vinh - Ctra Ld - Ciia khau Thanh Thiiy, Thanh Chuong, vcn quy md dien tieh Idn 750 ha, ti'ong dd khu cdng nghiep 226 ha, khu dd thi, thuong mai va dich vu 524 ha. Dein nay da den bu giai phdng mat bang dugc tren 550 ha thudc dia ban xa Himg Tay 351,90, cdn Iai la thi tran Hung Nguyen. Khi di vao hoat dgng da gdp phan khai thac ti^m nang va lgi the' ve giao Iuu phat trien kinh te - thuong mai cua cac dia phuong tinh Nghe An.
3.2.2. Kit qua phat tiiin guy dat phuc vu cho du an xay dimg Vsip Nghe An
Giai doan lir nam 2014 den 2018 viec phat tnen quy dat phuc vtj eho xay dung Vsip Nghe An da thu hdi 351,90 ha. bao gom dat nong nghiep va dat d tren dia ban xa Hung Tay, huyen Htmg Nguyen, tinh Nghe An. Dien tich cac loai dat da thu hoi, sd hd bi thtt hdi duoc tong hop 6 bang 1.
dung Vsip Ngfafe An d^n nam 2018 TT
1 2
Dot thu hoi Giai doan 1:
2015-201S Giai doan 2:
2017-2018 Tong
Dien tich thu hoi (ha) DM nong nghiep
200,78 150,68 351,46
Dat a 0,00 0,44 0,44
Tong 200,78 151,12 351,90
So ho bi thu hoi dat (ho) Dat nong nghiep
725 526 1251
D a t a 00 22 22 (Ngudn: Phdng Tai nguyin va Mdi tnrdng huyen Nung Nguyen) Dien tich dat bi tliu hoi ciia dia phuong trong yeu la dat san xuat nong nghiep cda 1.251 hg, ti-ong giai doan 2014 - 2018 binh quan 70,38 ha/nam, chu dd tren 50% sd hd bi tiiu hdi tu' 75% dien tich dat ndng NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019 141
KHOA HOC CONo n«^ii^
nghidp dugc giao trd len, dieu nay cho thaiy ngudn luc tu nhten (tu lieu san xuat dait dai) cd su thay doi bien dgng rat ldn, do vay rait can cac giai phap ticfa cue de giai quydt sinh k^ ciia ngudi dan khi dien ticfa dat nong ngfaiep giam nhanh, sd hg bi tfau hoi dait chiu su anh hudng la rat ldn.
3.3. Anh huong d&i b i ^ dOng sir dyng d^t xa Himg Tly giai do?n 2014-2018
3.3.1. Hi6n tr^g sir dung dat nSm 201S Kii qua tiidng k& dat dai nam 20IS cho thay: c^e Ioai dat thugc 3 nhdm chinh la dat ndng nghiep, dat phi ndng nghidp va dat chua su- dung (Bang 2).
TT
1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.2 1.1.2 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1 2.2,2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3 3.1 3.2
iang 2. Hifen trang sii dung d^t xa Himg T^y, huyto Htmg Nsruvfen n i m 2018 Loai dat
Tong dien ticfa tu nhien Nhdm dat ndng nghiep Dat san xuat ndng nghiep Dat trong cay hang nam Dat trdng liia
Dat trong cay hang nam khac Dat trong cay lau nam Dat Iam nghiep Dat rimg san xuat Dal rimg phong hg Dat nudi trong thuy san Nhom dat phi nong nghiep Data
Dat a tai ndng thon Dat 6 tai dd tfai Dat chuyen diing Dait xay dung tru so- co quan Dat qudc phong Dat an ninfa
Dat xay dung cdng trinfa su nghiep Dal san xuat. kinh doanh phi nong nghiep Dal su dung vao muc dich cdng cong Dat CO sir tdn giao
Dat eo so tin ngudng
Dat nghia trang, nghia dia. nha tang Id Dat sdng, ngoi, kenh, raefa, sudi Dat pfai ndng ngfaiep kfaac Nhdm dat chua sir dting Dat bang cfaua sir dung Dat ddi mii chua sti dung
/Af - Dl,-
Ky hieu NNP SXN CHN LUA HNK CLN LNP RSX RPH NTS PNN OCT ONT ODT CDG TSC CQP CAN DSN CSK CCC TON TIN NTD SON PNK CSD BCS DCS
r " -
Nam 2018 Dien tich (ha) 1840,57 961,85 604,64 493,63 471,14 22,49 111,01 325.67 226,93 98,74 31,54 812,49 64,07 64,07 710,33 0,72 20,39 9,73 433,47 246,02 1,09 1.77 26,07 9,11 0,05 66,23 59,94 6,29
Ty le (%) 100,00 52.26 32,85 26,82 25,60 1,22 6,03 17,69 12,33 5,36 1.71 44,14 3,48 3,48 0,00 38,59 0,04 1,11 0,00 0,53 23,55 13,37 0,06 0,10 1,42 0,49 J,60^^___
[ o i r ^ ^
(Ngudn: PhdngTai nguyen va Moi tnrong hoyen Hung Nguyen) Tong di?n Uch tu nhien ciia xa la 1.840,57 ha. ^^ua su dung la 66,23 ha (chiem 3,6% tong dien tich Trong do dien tich dat nong nghiep la 961,85 ha tvnWen).
(52,26% tdng dien tich tu nhien): dal phi nong nghiep 3.3.2. Bien dong sir dung dat xa Hun r 812.49 ha (44,14% tdng dien tich Ur nhien) va dat doan 2014-2018 •^ uy giai
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON •
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
- Bidn ddng cac Ioai dat chinh Qua trinh xay dimg va phat tn^n Vsip Nghe An anfa hudng nhieu den su bien dgng dat dai giai doan 2014-2018 oia dia phuong (Bang 3).
TT
1 2 3
BangS.Bi&dc Loai dat Tong dien tich tu nhien Nhdm dat ndng nghiep Nhdm dat phi ndng nghiep Nhdm dat chua sii dung
ng cac loai dat chinh trone eiai Ky hieu
NNP PNN CSD
Dien tich nam 2018
(ha) 1840,57
961,85 812,49 66,23
doan 2014-2018 Dien tich nam
2014 (ha) 1840,57 1325,46 445,84 69,28
Bidn dong 2014- 2018 (ha) 0,00 -363,60 366,65 -3,05 (Ngudn: Phdng Tai nguyen va Mdi tnrdng huyen Hung Nguyen) Bang 3 cho thay: trong giai doan tir nam 2014
d^n 2018 dien tich dat nong ngfaiep eua xa Hung Tay giam rat nfaanh, dien tich dat phi nong nghiep tang nhanh. Nguydn nhan do thu hoi dat xay dung Vsip Ngh^ An. Dien tieh dat san xuat nong nghiep giam nhanh la nguyen nhan dan den nguon luc tu nhien (dien tich dat dai san xuat) cua ngudi dan dia phuong thay ddi trong thdi gian ngSn.
- Biin dgng tiong nhdm dat ndng nghiip
Bang 4. Bi^n dQng dgt ndng nghigp trong giai dogn 2014
Giai doan 2014 -2018 dien tich dat ndng nghiep giam 363.61 ha, trong dd dien tich dat trdng cay hang nam giam rat lon giam 361,27 ha, dac bi&t dat trong lua giam 360,92 ha. Nguyen nhan dien tich dat ndng nghiep giam la do chuyen sang muc dich dat pfai nong nghiep. chii yeu la tfau hdi phuc vu cho cac du an khu cdng nghiep, dd thi va dich vti thuong niai (Bang 4).
TT 1 Ll Ll.l Ll.Ll Ll.1.2 L1.2 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3
Loai dat Nhdm dat ndng nghiep Dat san xuat ndng nghiep Dat trdng cay hang nam Dat trdng lua
Dat trdng cay hang nam khac Dat trdng cay lau nam Bit lam nghtep Dat rung san xuat Dat rung phdng hd Dat nudi trdng thuy san
Ky hieu NNP SXN CHN LUA HNK CLN LNP RSX RPH NTS
Dien tich nam 2018 (ha)
961,85 604,64 493,63 471,14 22,49 111,01 325,67 226,93 98,74 31,54
Dien tich nam 2014 (ha)
1325,46 966,81 854,9 832,06 22,84 111,91 325,67 226,93 98,74 32,97
Bien ddng 2014- 2018 (ha)
-363,61 -362,17 -361,27 -360,92 -0,35 -0,90 0,00 0,00 0,00 -1,43 (Ngudn:
- Biin ddng tiong nhdm dat phi ndng nghiep Giai doan 2014 - 2018 dat phi ndng nghiep da cd su bi^n ddng manh va lien tuc tang qua eac nam.
Phong Tai nguyen va Mdi tnrdng huyen Himg Nguyin) binh quan hang nam tang 73,33 ha, dien tich lang chu yeu la dat san xuat kinh doanh phi nong nghiep
5).
rv
1 1.1 1.1.1 1.2
Bang 5. Bi^n dOng dat phi ndn Loai dat
Nhdm dat phi ndng nghiep Dat ft
Dat d- tai ndng thdn Dat chuven dung
I nghidp trtjng giai doan 2014- 2018
Ky hieu PNN OCT ONT CDG
Dien tich nam 2018 (ha) 812,49
64,07 64,07 710,33
Dien tich nam 2014 (ha) 445,84
55,6 55,6 346,98
Bien ddng 2014- 2018 (ha)
366,65 8,47 8,47 363,35 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019
KHOA HOC CONC NGHE
1.2.1 _ ] 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.3 1.2 A 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Dat xa\ d u n g Uu s d c o q u a n 1 SC 0,72 Dal (|u..c p h o n g C O P 20,39 D a t x;i\ d u n g c o n g t n n h s u n g h i e p D S \ ' 9,73 D a t s a n x u a t , k i n h d o a n h phi n o n g , ^ , - i . „ n g h i e p
Dat s u d u n g vao m u c dich c d n g c d n g CCC 246,02 Dat CO s d ton g i a o T O N 1,09 Dat CO s d tin n g u o n g TIN 1,77 Dait n g h i a t r a n g , n g h i a dia, n h a t a n g Id,
n h a h d a tang
D a t s o n g . ngoi. k e n h . r a c h . sudi SO.N' Dat phi n o n g n g h i e p k h a c P.NK
26,07 9,11 0,05
0,72 20,39 8,6 82,01 235,25 1,09 1,77 31,22
9,11 0,05
ll,(Xl O.IHI 1,13 :;."ii,4U
10.77 0,00 0,00 -5,15 0.00 0,00 (.\guon: Phong Tai nguydn va Mdi tnrdng huyen Hung Nguyen) 3.4. Anh hudng ciia Vsip Ngh$ An d ^ sinfa k6
cua ngudi dan
Tren co sir dicti tra cac thong tin lu hg gia dmh (Id xir ly va xac dinh muc dp anh hudng ciia Vsip Ngh^ An den timg ti^u ehi lhudc cac ngudn von sinh
Bdng 6. Y W^n dinh gii ciia cic hO di4u tia v^ anh hucmg ctia Vsip Ngh^ An d^n mOt sd chi tifiu cua c ^ ngudn vdn sinfa k^
ke cua nguoi dan. Bang hdi dugc cau tao tlieo Uiang di^m likeil scale, vdi cac mtrc do: 1- Anh hudng rat yeu; 2- Anh hudng yeu; 3- Anh huong trung binh; 4- Anh huong lon; 5- Anh huong rat Ion (bang 6).
Thimg do
1. Anh hudng riit ydu 2. Anh hirdng ydu 3. Anh hudng trung binh 4. Anh hudng ldn 5. Anh hudng rat Itm
Trong sd
1 2 3 4 5 Tdng Trung binh cl ung
Dd lech chuan
Tidp can co sd ha tang Sd phieu
0 8 63 55 14 140
Tyld
(%)
0.00 5,71 45,00 39,29 10.00 100 3,54 0,99
Bien d o n g SLT d u n g quy dat Sd phieu
0 9 23 65
Ty le
(%)
0.00 6,43 16,43 46,43 43 30.71 140 1 10(1
4,01 0.51
Tien bdi thudng, hd trg
khi bl tliu hdi Sd phieu
8 45 50 34 3 140
Tyld
(%)
5,71 32,14 35,71 24,29 2,14 100 2,85 0,99
Kha nang tidp can va cap nhat thdng tin cua ngudi dan ddi vdi san xuat va
ddi sdng Sd phieu
1 7 13 44 75 140
^
Tyle(%) 0,71 5,00 9,29 31,43 53,57
L_ioo___
4,32 Ll
Trinh dp cila lao ddng dia phuong Sd
18 65 51 3 3 140
Tyld
(%)
12,86 46,43
36,43
2,14 2.14 100 2,34 (.\gudn: Tdng luyp ttisdiieu clieu L
Bang 6 va fainh 1 eho tfaay: xay dung Vsip Nghe .•\n da CO anh hudng den cac chi tieu dac tnmg cua cac nguon vdn sinh ke cua nguoi dan dia phuong. tuy nhien muc do anh hudng den timg ti^u ehi la kfaac nhau.
' gia, nam 2018) Cu the nhu sau:
- Tiip can casdba tang danh ma ^ • ., , , 1^ tu V1.C tidp can cua co's,, ha „ ^ ™ ° "^^^
sinh kd do vitc xay dung Vsip \-,,h, t ''™ * " ™ muc do manh ( ^ a t n b U q u a i l ' , ; ^ , 7 « ' ^ ' ' "
• ">. oanh gia la N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 • TH,
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
3.54). Dieu nay Ai dang nhan thay co sd' ha tang cue dia phuong trong tfadi gian qua tfaay doi dang ke, dac bii't la giao tfaong voi cac tijyen duong nhu lien tinh, qudc Ig, tinh Ig dugc dau tu xay dung, giao thdng dupc dau tu kien cd hda, Itru tfaong thuan tien, he thdng di^n sinh faoat, dien san xuat dap ling yeu cau tdt, gdp pfaan tfaay ddi dien mao ndng thon ngay cang khang trang, saeh dep hon. Nhu vay, tif danh gia do cho thay du ^n Vsip Nghd An cd anh huong tdt tdi co sd ha tang, gop phan nang cao chat lugng doi song cua nguoi dan trong dia phuong.
- Anh hudng den biin dgng su dung guy ddt. ket qua xu ly sd lieu cfao thay, cd 100% so hg dugc hoi cho rang tfau fadi dat cfao Vsip Nghe An co anh hudng den bien dgng sir dung quy dat la nguon luc dat dai ciia hp. Trong dd da sd fag deu tra loi cd anfa faudng tir ldn v^ rat ldn (gia tri trung bmh la 4,01). Di^u dd chiing to nhimg danh gia vd anh hudng cua thu hoi djit cho Vsip Nghe An doi voi bien dong sii dung quy d^t tao dung sinh ke ngudi dan la manh, do lech chu^n nho (0,51) ehung to cac cau tra loi khach quan, tin cay phii hgp vdi thuc t^.
T i i n b6i Khi n jng tiep Trinh do ciia I dMngqu}iISlthu*ng,h6lr? c|nvacap l a o f l ^ g f l i a
ti\i b| Uiu h6i ntiat Ihong Im phucmg c^a n^uin din
do] vcri s i n xu^lvadai
Hinfa 1. So dd mtic danfa gik anfa huong ctia Vsip Ngfa§ An d^n c^c chi hbu dSc trung cua ngudn vdn
sinhk^
- Anh hudng den sti dung tien boi thudng ho tig khi bi thu hdi da't tir ket qua dieu ti'a cac hg gia dinh bl thu hoi dat phuc vu eho Vsip Nghe An, da xac dmh du(?c binh quan tien bdi thudng va ho tro khi thu hdi dat/hp gia dinh tu 350.000.000 den 750.000.000 ddng, CO nfaimg fad tren 1 ty ddng. Tuy nfaien, khi hoi y kien ve su dung tien bdi thudng, hd trg khi bi thu hdi dat cd y nghia gi ddi vdi gia dinh de dat dugc cac mtic tieu sinfa ke cua minh lau dai, thi ket qua tra loi cho bidt su anh huong la khdng tap trung, phan tan. Mirc dd danh gia la tiTing binh (gia tri binh quan la 2,85). Nguyen nhan do viec su dung
ti&n bdi thucmg, ho tro cua ngudi dan cfati yeu dau tu truot: mat nhir dau tu xay nha, mua sam dd dac va tra ng, it chu y den ede dau tu lau dai nhu viec hgc nghd, nang cao trinh do, xuat khau lao dgng..., dan d&n cugc sdng tfaieu ben viing klii kfaong cd dat san xuat, thi&u viec lam.
- Anh htrong din kha nang tiip can va cap nhat thdng tin cua ngudi dan ddi vdi san xuat va ddi sdng.
ket qua danh gia cho thay miic do anh hudng ciia du an den kha nang tiep can va cap nhat thdng tin ciia ngudi dan doi vdi san xuat va doi song la rat manh (gia tri binh quan 4,32). Danh gia nay phii hgp vdi thuc te tir khi cd to hgp Vsip Nghe An di vao hoat dgng nguoi dan dugc ti&p can tdt hon cac dich vu, dac biet la eac tfaong tin ve khoa hgc ky thuat, thi truong, cae hieu biet ve phap luat eiing nhu cac djch vti hoat dgng san xuaL.., giup cac hg dan cd thim kien tfaiic, hieu biet de theo duoi sinh ke ctia minh.
Tuy nhien eung cd ehi&u huong anh huong khong ti'ch cue. phirc tap hon, khi mdt bd phan tiianh nidn dia phuong nhan rdi, thieu sinh ke lai tiep can cac thdng tin van hda khong lanh manh tir dd tinh hinh an ninh chinh tri, te nan xa hdi o* dia phuong diin bien phiie tap.
Anh hudng ddn tiinh do cua lao ddng dia phirong. ket qua xii ly so lieu cho thay, cd 95,71% sd hg dugc hdi eho rang thuc faien Vsip Nghe An anh hudng yeu den hinh do lao dgng ciia hg gia dinh (gia tri trung binh 2,34). Nguyen nhan, kfai tfau fadi dat ciia nguoi dan mdi chi thue hien viec d&n bii va ho trg bang tidn, khdng thuc hien duoc chinh sach dao tao ngh&, chuyen doi ngh& nghiep cho ngudi lao dgng dia phuong, nen co hgi viec lam cua ngudi lao dpng dia phuong han chd. Ngoai ra lao dgng dia phuong hien nay chii yeu la nguoi ndng dan nen yeu eau ve trinh do tay ngh& de chuyen doi nghe nghiep la rat khd khan.
3.5. Anh huong ciia Vsip Ngh& An d^n mong dgi vl&c lam va thu nhap ciia c^c fad di^u tra
Ket qua di&u h-a cho thay, cd 81% ngudi dugc hoi ddng y rang Vsip Nghe An se tao co hpi viec lam rat dang ke cho gia dinh hg, 96% sd ngudi ddng y nhu cau lao ddng tai Vsip Nghe An se la rat cao. Trong khi do, 66% y kien khong dong y rang nhieu lao ddng ciia gia dinh khdng tim duge viec Iam tai Vsip Nghe An. Thuc te cho thay, lao dgng d Vsip Nghe An tat thoi diem dieu tra la ehua nhieu, vi cae du an kfau cdng ngfaiep di vao hoat dgng dang eon it... ngiroi NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019 145
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
dan dia phuong do binh dp tay nghe con han cfa&, dac bi^l la ti'acfa nfai?ni huong nghiep. chuyen dot nghe nghiep kfai thu hdi dat chua lam tot nen viec tn&n khai dao tao nghe cfao nguoi lao dgng chua thue hi&n dugc. 78% ngum dugc hdi ddng y vdi nhgn dinh la viec xay dung \'sip Ngfae An gdp phan thuc day nhu cau hgc tap cita gia dinh minfa; cd 70% ngudi ddng y \'sip Nghc An se gdp phan tang thu nhap cho gia dinh fag. Ro rang \'sip Ngfa? .\n da cd nfaiing anh huong ticfa cue den cac ca hgi viec Iam va thu nhap ciia ngudi dan d xa Himg Tay, huyen Hung Nguyen (Hinfa 2).
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T«occih6i vitc Thucdiyhoc Tinglhunhip Nhuciuko Khong im iluct lim lip djng nic
Hinfa 2. Ty 1$ Snfa hu6ng ciia Vsip Ngh$ An d^n mong dgi v i ^ Um v^ tfau nfa^p ciia cic h0 d i ^ tra
3.6. Mot sd giiii phap nang cao fai^u quA q u ^ ly stJT d\ing d^t va c ^ tfai^n sinh k^ ngudi dSn
- Ddi vdi quy dat con Iai ciia dia phuong can xav dung dc an v^ chuyen ddi co cau sir dung dat, co cau cay Irong, dac bi&t la cay trdng hang hoa. cd gia tri kinh t^: dira cac gidng c;iy trdng mdi co nang suat chat lugng de nang cao san luong dap img yeu cau thuc te; xay dung md hinh ndng nghiep chat Iuong cao. ndng nghiep sinh thai lien ket du lich va djch vu kinh doanfa tai \'sip Nghc An. Phat trien cdc nganh dich vu, cac ca sd cung cap dich vu cho khu cdng nghiep de ngudi dan dia phuong tim dugc viec iam phu hop. tang tliu nhap nang eao din song.
- Thue hien chinh sach thu hdi dal di ddi vdi lien ket dao tao nang cao trinh do. ky nang ngh& nghiep eho ngudi lao dgng. dac biet ddi voi ngircri dan bj thu hoi dat trong do tuoi lao ddng co kha nang hgc tap, nham giup hg tim duge \iec lam tai cac doanh nghi&p, ca so san xuat kinh doanh trong khu cdng nghiep, hoac chuyen doi nghe nghiep theo hucmg kinh doanh dich vu.
• Thuc hien lot cdng tac huong nghiep, dao tao nang luc quan ly kinh le. quan Iy su dung ngudn von {hin bdi tfauong. hd ti-g) de ngudi dan su dung hop
Iy. ben vimg, vugt qua cu soc ve smh kr khi bi thu hdi dat ldn.
- Ticfa cue tuyen truy&n nang cao >• tinic ciia ngirai dan dac bi?t la thanh nien nham hgn ch^ cac te nan xa hdi tren dia ban.
4 . KET LUAN
- Vsip Nghe An da gdp phan thuc day pfaat tri^n va tang truong kinh te, ehuy&n dich co cau kinh t&
theo hudng cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda. D&n nam 2018 da thu hut duge 30 du an vdi long sd von dau tu la 21.500 ly ddng va 100 ti-ieu USD, giai quy^l vi^c lam cho 3.000 lao dgng. Tir nam 2014 d^n h&t nam 2018 Vsip Nghe An da thu hdi 351,9 ha, h-ong do ed 351,46 ha dat ndng nghiep (binh quan 70,29 ha/nam) va 0.44 ha dat dciia 1.251 hd gia dinh.
- Kel qua ngfaien ciiu cfao thay sir I'a ddi va ho^l dpng cua Vsip Nghe An anh hudng manh d^n su ti^p can ca .sd ha tang va bien dpng su dung quy dat vdi gia hi Irung binh lan lugt la 4,01; 3,54; anh huong ti-ung binh den su dung tien bdi thuong. ho trg khi bi tliu hdi dat vol gia tii ti-ung binh la 2,85; anh hudng rat manh den kha nang tiep can va cap nhat thdng tin ciia ngudi dan doi vdi san xuat va ddi sdng vdi gia tii trung binh ia 4,32; anh huong yeu d^n trinh dd ciia lao ddng dia phuong vdi gia tii trung binh la 2,34.
- Tir viec danh gia thuc trang tinh hinh, xae dinh su anh hudng d&n sinh ke ciia ngu'oi dan dia phuong da de xuat mgt sd phap ve tiiuc hien ehinh saeh diit dai, giai phap quan ly, tuyen truy&n va giai phap huong nghiep day ngh& nham thuc hien tdt quan ly dat dai va sinh ke cua ngudi dan trong vung du an tiong thdi gi;m tdi.
TAI UEU THAIVI KHAO
1. Ban quan Iy Khu kinh t^ Dong Nam Nghe An (2019). Bao cao ket qua hoat ddng san xu^t kinh doanh eua khu kinh te va cac khu cong nghiep tr&n dia ban tinh Nghe An. ^ s .i
2. Liken R (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Altitudes. Archives of Psychology Vol. 140. No. 55. NewYork University, USA.
3. Phong Tai nguyen va Moi tmong huy&n Hmig Nguyen (2015. 2019). Bao cao ket qtia thd/g K & T I dai nam 2014,2018 xa Hung Tay. ^ « n g ^^^ d^t 4. Phong Tai nguyen va M(„ inr.mcU - ,T Nguyen (2019,. T6ng hop k t t t , : ^ , ' ^ ™ ! b ^ g Vsip N«he An t ™ d,a J huv' " I
Nguyen lu nam 2015 den 2018. " ™ ^ 146 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON •
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
5. liy ban Nhan dan tinh Nghe An (2015). Quyet qudc phong an nmh trong nira nhiem ky giai doan dmh sd 2727/QD-UBND.DT ngay 29/6/2015, ve viee 2015 - 2017, phuong huong nhiem vu nam 2018 -2020.
ph& duyet quy hoaeh chi ti^t xay dtmg Khu Cong 7 j j ^ ^an Nhan dan xa xa Hmig Tay (2019). Bao nghi?p, do thi va dich vu Vsip Ngfae An. ^^^ thuc hien nhiem vu phat tii^n kinh t& xa hdi- 6. Uy ban Nhan dan xa Htmg Tay (2018). Bao qudc phdng an ninh nam 2018. phuong hudng nhi&m cao thuc hien nhi&m vu phat tnen kinh t& xa hpi- vu nam 2019.
EFTECTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL, URBAN AREA AND VSIP NGHE AN SERVICES TO THE LIVING OF PEOPLE IN THE PROJECT AREA
Truong Quang Ngan^
'Nghe An College of Economics (NACE) Summary
Vsip Nghe An Industnal, Urban and Service Zone (Known as Vsip Nghe An in short) was established in 2014. It has attracted 35 projects with tiie mvesUnent of 21.500 billion \'ND and 100 million USD, and it has also created jobs for 3.000 laborers since then. The construction and development of Vsip Nghe An has had great influence on land use fluctuation in Hung Tay commune, Hung Nguyen distnct. The agricuUural land area has decreased by 363.6 hectares, the non-agncultural land area has increased by 366.65 hectares, unused land area is reduced by 3.05 hactares. Likert's 5-level scale has been used to evaluate the results of the survey of 140 households . The findings showed that Vsip Nghe An has affected on the access to infrastructure (physical capital) the most and qualifications of local workers (human capital) the least witii mean values of 3.54 and 2.34 relatively. It has also affected on land resources (natural capital), the use of financing fi-om compensation (financial capital) and people's ability to access and update information (social capitaO with mean values of 4.01, 2.85 and 4.32 relatively, A number of soluUons for implementing land policies, management soluUons. propaganda and vocational training solutions to well implement land management and bvelihoods of people in the project area have been proposed.
Keywords: Changes in land use. effect, livelihoods. Vsip Nghe An.
Ngudi pfaan bi$n: TS. Nguyen Van TVi Ngiy nfa§nb^: 30/9/2019 Ngiy tfadng qua pfain bien: 31/10/2019 Ngiy duyet dang: 7/11/2019
NONG NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2019 147
